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"THE  ANCIENT  CITY." 


-A 


HISTORY 


-OP""' 


AlAPim  ill  llaniaiKl. 


1649—1887. 


B¥    ELIHl  S.  KILEl. 


ANNAPOLIS. 

RECORD  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

1887. 


Enteseb,  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1887,  by  ELIHXJ" 
S.  RILEY,  in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Wasb 
ington. 


Annapolis,  Feb.  1,  1887. 

In  pursuance  of  the  Act  of  1886,  Chapter  150,  entitled  "an  Act  to- 
provide  for  a  State  subscription  to  Riley's  History  of  Annapolis," 
the  undersigned,  designated  by  said  Act,  to  examine  said  History, 
hereby  certify  that  we  have  examined  said  History,  as  prepared  by 
said  Riley,  and  find  that  it  contains  much  valuable  and  interesting 
matter,  a  considerable  portion  of  which  has  not  hitherto  appeared  in 
any  published  history  ;  and  believing,  as  we  do,  that  the  book  will  be 
of  interest  to  the  people  of  the  State,  we,  therefore  approve  the  same. 

Henry  Lloyd, 
R.  H.  Alvey, 

E.    P.   DUVALL. 


MM  ?— ■  ir\  <r  x  .lOi  4~k 


PREFACE. 

:  o : 

This  History  of  Annapolis  has  been  written  in  hours  taken  from 
the  (lays  of  a  very  busy  life.  They  have  been  hours  of  lalior,  but 
hours  lightened  by  the  pleasures  of  the  task. 

The  annals  of  the  In-ave,  intelligent,  chivalrous  people  who  made 
the  City  of  Annapolis  celebrated,  are  part  of  the  history  of  the  nation. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  capital,  the  sturdy  Puritans  represented 
the  austere  and  religious  in  its  annals  ;  the  political  and  aggressive 
period  followed  the  removal  of  the  capital  from  St.  Mary's  to  An- 
napolis ;  the  third  stage  was  the  goLien  age  of  Annapolitan  history. 
Its  people,  polished  in  literature,  skilled  in  politics,  energetic  in  busi- 
ness, experienced  the  benefits  of  literary  culture,  maintained  their  rights 
against  encroaching  proprietaries,  pushed  their  commerce  into  many 
seas,  and  enjoyed  the  opulence  that  active  trade  returns  to  intelligent 
enterprise.  Then  came  the  Revolutionary  epoch.  In  it,  no  city  in 
the  colonies  was  more  prompt  and  decisive  in  resisting  the  aggres- 
sions of  the  crown,  and  in  supplying  troops  and  sinews  of  war  for 
carrying  on  active  operations  in  the  field  against  the  British  forces. 
After  the  Revolution,  Annaiiolis  declined  in  importance,  but  the  loca- 
tion of  the  Naval  Academy  here  in  1845  restored  its  national  charac- 
ter. The  connection  l)y  Short-Line  railroad  with  Baltimore  renews 
its  ancient  hopes  of  commercial  importance.  To  gather  the  rays  of 
light  from  their  varied  sources  and  to  form  them  into  one  prism  of 
information  has  made  it  necessary  to  search  many  volumes  of  history, 
trench  on  the  memory  and  patience  of  numerous  citizens,  and  to  record, 
out  of  our  own  limited  store-house  of  recollection,  things  new  and  old. 

In  this  task  we  have  had  the  aid  of  the  following  public  documents, 
journals,  and  histories : 

Maryland  Gazette,  William  Parks,  Publisher,  Annapolis,  1727, 
1728,  1729. 

Maryland  rrazeto,  Jonas  Green  and  descendants,  publishers,  1745  to 
1839. 

Ridgely's  Annals  of  Annapolis,  1841. 

Historical  View  of  the  Government  of  Maryland,  .lohn  V.  L.  Mc- 
Mahon,  1831. 

Historv  of  Maryland,  John  Leeds  Kerr,  2  vols.,  1837. 

Scharf's  History  of  Maryland,  3  vols.,  1879. 

Archives  of  Maryland,  3  vols.,  1883. 

Appletou's  Encyclopedia. 

Laws  of  Maryland,  1637  to  17(33. 


6  PREFACE. 

Allen's  History  of  St.  Anne's  Parish,  1857. 

Eddis'  Letters  from  Annapolis,  1769  to  1776. 

Lord  Baltimore's  Rent  Roll  for  Anne  Arundel. 

MS3.  in  the  Land  Office. 

Surveys  in  Annapolis,  MSS.  in  the  Land  Office. 

Journals  of  Proceedings  of  the  House,  MSS.,  in  the_Land  Office, 
Annapolis  and 

Maryland  Historical  Society,  Baltimore. 

Proceedings  of  the  Provincial  Court,  MSS.  in  the  Land  Office. 

Proceedings  of  the  Governor's  council,  MSS.  Land  Office. 

Marsliall's  Life  of  "Washington. 

Terra  Marte. 

Force's  Tracts. 

Register  of  St.  John's  College. 

Report  of  the  Legislature  on  St.  John's  College. 

A  Puritan  CoLmv  in  Maryland,  Dan'l.  R.  Randall. 

A  French  Offict-r's  Letters  from  America. 

Soley's;  History  oi  the  Naval  Academy. 

House  and  Senate  Documents,  1S61. 

Proceedings  of  the  Corporation. 

Docket  of  the  ZvLiyor's  Court  of  Annapolis. 

The  Annapolis  (razefte. 

The  Maryland   (razette.     (Xew  Issue.) 

The  Record,  Annapolis. 

The  Revised  Code  of  Atmapolis. 

Laws  of  Maryland  of  1884. 

I  am  indebted  g:reatly  to  Senator  Niciiolas  Brewer,  of  this  county, 
for  the  loan  of  a   valuable  volume — Eddis'  Letters  from   Awnapolis  ; 
also,  a  French  Officer's  Letters  from  America.     The  former  has  Ijeen 
invaluable  and  without  it  the  History  of  .Vniiapolis  would  have  been 
■wanting  in  much  important  information. 

To  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Shafer,  Deputy  iu  the  Land  Office,  Dr.  E.  P.  Duvall, 
State  Librarian,  and  Mi.  S.  M.  Gatchell.  Librarian  of  the  Maryland 
Historical  Society,  I  am  hi(lel)ted  for  their  many  courtesies  in  grant- 
ing me  full  access  to  the  numerous  sources  of  history  in  their  respec- 
tive offices. 

To  my  venerable  and  esteemed  relative,  Mrs.  Eliza  Bon.sall.  now  in 
the  84th  year  of  her  age,  of  sound  mind,  keen  memory,  and  well-or- 
dered intellect,  I  hereby  gratefully  acknowledge  my  great  indebtedness 
for  much  valuable  information,  especially  in  the  location  of  former 
landmarks  and  the  identification  of  ancient  houses  in  our  city. 
To  Dr.  George  Wells,  wliose  unremitting  and  unsolicited  efforts  were 
largely  instrumental  in  securing  the  option  of  a  State's  subscription 
to  this  History,  I  here  record  my  high  appreciation  of  his  friendly 
and  invaluable  services,  that  were  rendered  in  that  lofty  spirit  which, 
when  conferring  a  favor,  seems  to  be  receiving  one. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  members  of  the  Legislature  who  voted    to 


PREFACE,  7 

•sustain  the  work.     Had  it  not  been  for  them  this  volume  had  possibly 
not  been  written. 

My  thanks  are  particularly  due  to  the  unwearied  assistance  the 
Anne  Arundel  delegation  gave  in  securing  State  aid  to  this  work. 

To  the  many  friends  whose  interest  has  encouraged  and  whose  help- 
ful efforts  have  aided  in  the  preparation  of  this  work,  I  am  gratefully 
indebted,  and  none  the  less  to  those,  in  many  quarters,  who  were  in- 
stant in  season  and  out  of  season  in  bringing  to  the  attention  of  Legis- 
tors,  the  merits  of  the  proposed  work,  and  in  urging  upon  them  the 
propriety  of  encouraging  the  publication  by  a  State  subscription. 

The  author  has  endeavored  to  make  the  work  essentially  oue  of 
fact,  and  to  present  those  facts  in  the  language  of  those  who  lived 
this  history,  or  who  first  chronicled  the  events  to  which  they  were  co- 
temporary.  He  conceives  that  the  plan  will  convey  to  the  reader  a 
better  picture  of  the  people  and  the  times  of  which  he  wrote  than  any 
style  he  might  adopt. 

If  the  halo  of  a  State's  glory  is  brightened  by  this  work  :  if  any 
service  has  been  rendered  the  commonwealth;  if  something  valuable  has 
been  j)re*erved  from  partial  or  total  destruction  by  the  History  of 
Annapolis,  the  members  of  the  Legislature  who  voted  for  chapter  150, 
Acts  of  1886,  are  entitled  to  a  large  share  of  the  credit  to  be  accorded 
-this  volume.     These  members  are : 

In  the  Senate. 

President  Edwin  Warfield,  Senator  from  Howard. 

Nicholas  Brewer,  '•         "      Anne  Arundel. 

William  I).  Burchinal,  "         "       Kent. 

Charles  T.  Claggett,  "         "       Prince  George. 

R.  Johnson  Colton,  "         "       St.  Mary's." 

Griffin  W.  Goldsborough,  "         •'       Caroline. 

Thomas  G.  Hayes,  "         '*       Baltimore  City. 

Clinton  McCullough,  "         "       Cecil. 

A.  Beall  McKaig,  "         "       Allegany. 

George  Peter,  "         "       Montgomery. 

Isidor  Rayner,  "         "       Baltimore  City. 

Harry  W.Rusk, 

C.  Bohn  Slinglulf,  "         "       Baltimore  county. 

Theophilus  Tunis,  "         •'       Talbot. 

In  the  House  of  Delegates. 

Speaker  Joseph  B.  Seth,     of    Talbot  county. 

Francis  V.  King,  "     St.  Mary's  county. 

Charles  F.  Xorris,  "  " 

Lewis  C.  Justice,  Jr.,  "     Kent. 

John  Ireland,  "     Anne  Arundel. 

E.  E.  Gott,  Jr.. 

M.  Tilghman  Howard,         "  " 

vGeo.  N.  Potee,  "  " 

Francis  Gantt,  "    Calvort. 


John  Hubner, 
William  Pole,  Sr., 
Joseph  S.  Baldwin, 
Michael  O'Hara, 
James  J.  Lindsay, 
F.  A.  Benson, 
Paul  Winchester, 
De Wilton  Snowden. 
Fillmore  Beall, 
William  W.  Busteed. 
Edward  C.  Legg. 
William  Dudley. 
R.  Harris  Archer, 
Charles  W.  Wright, 
John  Y.  Graham, 
James  R.  Willing, 
Edward  D.  Fitzgerald. 
John  Rooney, 
Peter  J.  Campbell. 
Richard  J.  Penn, 
Charles  H.  Evans, 
C.  Dodd  McParland. 
Patrick  Reilly. 
L.  W.  Gunther, 
Timothy  Hayes, 
Charles  A.  Hoffman, 
Lewis  Reitz, 
Harry  A.  Schultz, 
John  E.  Durding, 
Henry  C.  Seebo, 
Lewis  C,  McCusker, 
Geo.  M.  Stonebraker, 
E.  C.  Gaskill, 
Albert  Holle, 
Samuel  H.  Hoffacker, 
Michael  Buckman, 
Elias  B.  Arnold, 
Annapolis,  June  8,  1887. 


PREFACE. 

"  Baltimore  county. 

((  " 

II  it 

"  Talbot  county. 

"  Prince  George's  county. 

"  Queen  Anne's  county. 


"     Harford  county. 
' '     Caroline  county. 

"     Baltimore  City. 


■'  Washington  county. 

"  Allegany 

<<  ii 

"  Carroll 


ELIHU  S.  RILEY. 


CHArTE] 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X.  . 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 
XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

xxr^qii. 

XXIX. 
XXX. 
XXXI. 
XXXIT. 


CONTENTS. 

(:o:) 

\.  PAGE. 

Settlement  op  Annapolis 17 

PoRJUTiox  OF  Anne  Aruxuel  County 20 

The  Puritans  Refuse  to  Send  Delegates  to  the 

Legislature  of  1651 23 

The  Animosities  of  the  Old  World  Transplanted 

IN  THE  New 34 

Providence  Sends  a  Petition  to  the  Commission- 
ers OF  the  Commonwealth 26 

Gov.  Stone  Proclaims  the  Puritans  to  be  Rebels  37 

An  Indian  Treaty  Made  on  the  Severn 28 

Preparations  for  War 31 

The  Battle  of  the  Severn 38 

Quakers  and  Indians  Disturb  the  Colony 37 

Colonial  Life 40 

Ax    Indiscreet    Representative    from     Anne 

Arundel 48 

The    Courageous    Spirit     of     the    Maryland 

Settlers -50 

Providence  Changed  to  "The  Town  at  Proctors'"  52 

The  Impeachment  of  Ma.ior  Thomas  Truman.  , . .  54 
Removal  of  the  State  Capital  from  St.  Mary's 

TO  Annapolis 55 

Ch(j,()xicles  of  Axxapolis  from  1694  to  1700 63 

First  State  House  in  Annapolis 66 

St.  Anne's  Parish 68 

King  William's  School 77 

The  Second  State  House  in  Annapolis 80 

The  Attempt  of  Richard  Clarke,  in  1707,    to 

Burn  Annapolis 81 

Annapolis  is  Made  a  City 85 

The  Annapolis  Delegates  Denied  Admittance 

TO  THE  House 93 

The  First  Newspaper  in  Maryland 94 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1707  to  1740 96 

The  Second  Newspaper  Printed  in  Maryland.  .  98 

Annapolis  in  1745 103 

Annapolis  A  Century  Old 108 

Chronicles  of  Anitapolis  from  1746  to  1773 109 

Customs  and  Characters  of  the  Capital 132 

The  First  American  Theatre  Erected  in  An- 
napolis   146 


10 

XXXIII. 
XXXIV. 

XXXV. 

XXXVI. 

XXXVII. 

XXXVIII 

XXXIX. 

XL. 

XLI. 

XLII. 

XLIII. 

XLIV. 

XLV. 

XLVI. 

XLVII. 

XLVin. 

XLIX. 

L. 

LI. 

LII. 

LIII. 

LIV. 

LV. 

LVI. 

LVII. 

LVIII. 

LIX. 

LX. 

LXl. 
LXII. 
LXIII. 
LXIV. 


CONTENTS. 

The  Stamp  Act  in  Annapolis 149 

Gov.  Eden,  OF  Maryland,  the  Last  English  Gov- 
ernor to  Leave  the  Revolted  Colonies.  . .  153 

Shipyards,  Race  Courses,  and  Indians 157 

The  Third  State  House  in  Annapolis 161 

Annapolis  in  the  Declaration  of  I»dependence  164 

Annapolis  During  the  Revolutionary  War.  . . .  165 
A  Political  Prisoner  in  Annapolis  During  the 

Revolution 1^5) 

Annapolis  After  the  Revolution 193 

Annapolis  Wants  to  be  the  Capital  of  the  United 

States  198 

General  Washington  Resigns  His  Military  Com- 
mission AT  Annapolis 200 

St.  John's  College  308 

President  Washington's  Visit  to  Annapolis 318 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1777  to  1810 320 

The  Ancient  Regime  Disappears 228 

William  Pinkney  Banquetted  in  Annapolis 280 

Annapolis  During  the  War  of  1813 383 

LaFayette's  Visit  to  Annapolis 339 

"Thr  Glorious  Nineteen" 344 

'MoE  Morgue" 3.')0 

Chronicli-  s  of  Annapolis  from  1810  to  1839 353 

Location  of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy 

AT  Annapolis  304 

A  Riot  in  Annapolis 368 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  184.')  to  1847 373 

A  Retrospect  of  Two  Centurif.s 374 

A  Galaxy  of  Illustrious  Annapolitans 375 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1860  to  1861 380 

Opening  of  the  Civil  War — Annapolis  Seized  by 

THE  Federal  Government 381 

Public  Buildings,  Churches,  and  Ancient  Land-  * 

MARKS 303 

Elections  in  Annapolis  During  thr;  Civil,  War.  .  310 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1863  to  1887 311 

A  Disastrous  Accident 321 

Annapolis  of  the  Present 333 


GOVERNORS 


Of  the  Province  and  State  of  Maryland  from 
THE  First  Settlement  in  1633  to  1887. 


UNDER  THE  PROPRIETARY  GOVERNMENT. 


Leonard  Calvert 1688. 

Thomas  Greene 1(547. 

William   Stone 1R49. 

Commissioners    ii  n  d  e  r 

Parliament 1(554. 

.Josiah  Fendall 1658. 

Philip  Calvert 1661. 

Charles  Calvert 16(52. 

Cliarles  Lord  Baltiraorel676.' 

Thomas  Notley 1678. 

Charles  Lord  BaltimoreKSSl. 


John  Hart 1 

Charles  Calvert 1 

Benedict  L.  Calvert..  .1 

Samuel  <  )gle 1 

Charles  Lord  Baltimorel 

Samuel  Ogle 1 

Thomas   Bladen 1 

Samuel  Ogle 1 

Horatio  Sharpe 1 

lioiiert  Eden 1 


715. 
720. 
727. 
732. 
733. 
735. 
742. 

lil. 

753. 
769. 


UNDER  THE  ROYAL  GOVERNMENT. 


Government   seized    by 
the  crown  of  Englandl68!J. 

Lyonel  Copley 1602. 

Francis  Nicholson 1694. 

PRESIDENT'S    OP  THE  PROVINCE 


Nathaniel  Blackiston.  .1699- 

.Tohn  Seymour 1704- 

.John  Hart 1714- 


Benjamin  Tfsker. 


Thomas  Tench 1703. 

Edward  Lloyd 1709. 

UNDER  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 


.1752. 


Provisional    G  o  v  e  r  n- 

^     ment 1776. 

Thomas  .Johnson 1777. 

Thomas  Sim  Lee 1779. 

William  Paca 1782. 

William  Smallwood..   .1785. 
.John  Eager  Howard. . .  1788. 

George  Plater 1791 . 

Thomas  Sim  Lee  1792. 

JohnH.  Stone 1794. 

John  Henry 1797. 

Benjamin  Ogle 1798. 

John  Frances  Mercer.  .1801. 

Robert  Bowie 1803. 

Robert  Wright 1806. 


Elected  under  Constitu- 
tion of  1851,  for  four 
years. 

Thomas  WatkinsLigon.1853. 

Thos.  Holliday  Hicks. 1857. 

Augustus  W.  Bradford. 1861. 

Elected  tinder  Consti- 
tution of  1866,  for 
four  years. 

Thos.  vSwann,  of  Balto. 
City 1865. 

Elected  under  Constitu- 
tion of  1867,  for  four 
years. 

Oden  Bowie 1869. 


12 


GOVERNORS  OF  3IARYLAND. 


Edward  Lloyd 1800. 

Robert  Bowie 1811. 

Levin  Winder 1812. 

Charles  Ridgel  y ,  of 
Hampton 1815. 

Charles  Goldsborough.1818. 

Samuel  Sprigg 1810. 

Samuel  Stevens,  Jr 1832. 

Joseph  Kent 1825. 

Daniel  Martin 1828. 

Thomas  King  Carroll.  .1829. 

Daniel  Martfn 1830. 

George  Howard 1831. 

.Tames  Thomas 1832. 

Thomas  W.  Veazey.  .  .1835. 

William  Grason 1838. 

Elected  under  the 
amended  Constitution 
of  1838,  for  three  years 

William  Grason 1838. 

Francis  Thomas 1841. 

Thomas  G.  Pratt 1844. 

Philip  P.  Thomas 1847. 

Enoch  Louis  Lowe 1850. 


Wm.  Pinkney  White,.  1873. 

Resigned  March  4, 1874, 
to  take  seat  as  U.  S. 
Senator. 

James  Black  Groome.  .1874. 

Gov.  Groome,  elected 
by  the  Legislature. 

John  Lee  Carroll 1875. 

Wm.  T.  Hamilton 1879. 

Robert  M.  McLane 1883. 

Resigned  March  37, 
1885,  to  take  the 
position  of  U.  S. 
Minister  to  France. 

Henry  Lloyd 1885-7. 

On  resignation  of  Gov. 
McLane,  Hy.  Lloyd, 
of  Maryland,  (by  vir- 
tue of  lieing  President 
of  the  Senate,  became 
Governor.)  and  wa.s 
re-elect e d  by  the 
Legislature,  Jan.  30, 
1886. 


MAYORS 


Of  the  City  of  Annapolis  Under   the  Charter 
OF  Q.UEEN  Anne,  and   Subsequently. 


Amos  Garrett 1708. 

Thomas   Larkiu 1720. 

Benjamin  Tasker 1721. 

Vac'hel  Denton 1722. 

Benjamin  Tasker  1726. 

Vachel  Denton 1727. 

William  Rodsrers 1745. 

.John  Ross 1749. 

Benjamin  Tasker 1750. 

Michael  Macnamara..  .1753. 

Benjamin  Tasker 1754. 

JohiiBrice 1755. 

Benjamin  Tasker 1756. 

John  Bnllen 1757. 

John  Ross 1758. 

G-eorge  Stewart 1759. 

Michael  Macnamara . .  .1760. 

Stephen  Bordley 17G1. 

John  Brice 1762. 

George  Stewart 176:3. 

Daniel  Dulanv 1764. 

John  Ross...". 1765. 

Walter    Dnlanv 1766. 

Upton  Scott 1767. 

Allen  Quynn 1778-9. 

.John  Brice 1780. 

.John  Bullen 1781. 

James  Brice  1782. 

-Jeremiah  T.  Chase 1783. 

Nicholas  Carroll 1784. 

Rol)ert  Conden 1785. 

Allen  Quynn 1786-7. 

James    Brice 1788. 

.John  Bnllen 1789. 

Nicholas  Carroll 1790. 

Robert  Couden 1791. 

Allen  Quynn 1792. 

John  Bnllen 1793. 

James  Williams 1794. 


Burton  Whetcroft 1807. 

Johnlvelly.... 1808. 

Burton  Whetcroft 1809. 

John  Johnson  1810. 

Nicholas  Brewer 1811 . 

Gideon  White 1812. 

John  Randall 1813. 

Nicholas  Brewer 1814. 

John  Randall 1815. 

Nicholas  Brewer 1816. 

John  Randall 1817. 

Nicholas  Brewer 1818. 

Lewis  Duvall 1819-1822. 

.James  Boyle 1823-4. 

Richard   Harwood,  of 

Thos 1825-7. 

Dennis  Claude. .  ..1828-1836. 

.John  Miller 1837-9, 

Alex.  C.  Magruder..  1840-2. 

Richard  Swann 1843-4. 

William  Bryan 1845. 

Richard  Swann 1846-7. 

Richard  R.  Goodwin..  .1848. 

Abram  Claude 1847-50. 

B.  T.  B.   VVorthington.1851. 

Richard  R.  Goodwin.  ..1852. 

Dennis  Claude 1853. 

Abram  Claude 1854. 

N.  Brewer,  of  Nich..    .1855. 

Richard  Swanm 1854-7. 

Joshua  Brown 1858. 

William  Harwood 1859. 

John  R.  Magruder..  .1860-1. 

J.  Wesley  White 1863. 

John  R.  Magruder 1863. 

Solomon  Phillips 1864. 

Richard  R.  Goodwin.  ..1865. 

Richard  Swann 1866. 

Abram  Claude 1867-8. 


14 


MAYORS  OF  ANNAPOLIS. 


William  Pinkney 1795. 

John  Davidson 1800. 

James  Williams 1801. 

Allen  Quynn 1802. 

Samuel  Ridout 1803. 

John  Johnson 1 804. 

James  Williams 1805. 

Samuel  Ridout 1806. 


Augustus  Gkissa way. ..  1869. 

JohnT.  E.  Hyde 1870. 

James  Munroe 1871-4.- 

Arthur  W.  Wells. . .  .1875-6, 
.James  H.  Brown. ..  .1877-8. 
Thomas  E.  Martin.  .1879-8*. 
Abram  Claude 1883-7.- 


ANNAPOLIS  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 


Mayor, 
DR.  ABRAM  CLAUDE. 
Counaellur, 
JAMES  REVELL. 
Aldtrmnn, 
1st  Ward,     JOHN  li.  THOMAS,        DAVID  O.  PARLETT 
2nd     "        JOHN  B.  FLOOD,  WM.  E.  BROOKS. 

3rd      "        JULIAN  BREWER,         GRAFTON  MUNROE. 

Clerk, 
ELIHU  S.  RILEY. 

Treasurer, 

LOUIS  H.  REHN. 

City  Commissioner, 

EDGAR  HUTTON. 

Market  Master, 

MARTIN  F.  REVELL. 

City  Police. 

ARTHUR  MARTIN,  Chief. 

EZEKIEL  A.  MITCHELL,      JAMES  WATKINS 

C.  N.  STINCHCOMB,  JOHN  R.  TYDINGS. 


A^'NAPOLIS  VOLUNTEER  FIRE  DEPART- 
MENT. 


Chief  Marshal— WASHINGTON  D.  BASIL. 
Engineer— ROBERT  BELLIS. 
Fireman— JAMES  D.  JOHNSON. 

Rescue  Hose  Company. 

Assistant  Marshal— PRANK  MYERS. 

Foreman— JOHN  H.  RAWLINGS. 

1st  Assistant  Formean— J.  W.  ANDERSON. 


16  FIRE  DEPART3IENT. 

2nd  Asst.  Foreman— W.  T.  JEWELIi. 
Secretary— A.  C.  SWEET. 
Treasurer— T.  IRVING  BAKER. 
Trustees— H.  C.  BASIL  and  J.  W.  WEAVER. 

Independent  Fire  Co.mpanv,  No.  2. 


President— F.  H.  STOOKETT,  .Jk. 

Vice-President— P.  ELWOOD  PORTER. 

Secretary— RICHARD  H.  GREEX.  .Jk. 

Treasurer— W.  D.  BASIL. 

Foreman— JULIAN  BREWER. 

Asst.  Marslial— GRAFTON  3IUNR(^E. 

Watekwitch  H()(jk  and  Ladder  Co.mj'anv 


Foreman— JOHN  L.  BEALL. 
Asst.  Foreman— A.  M.  PARKINGSON. 

1st  Mai-shal— JOHN  NASON. 

3nd        "     —JAMES  CANNON. 
Recording  Secretary— JAMES  BURNS. 

Treasurer- THOMAS  EADES. 
Annapolis,  June  15,  1887. 


HISTORY  OF  ANNAPOLIS. 


CHAPTER  I. 
The  Settlement  of  Axxapolis. 

[1008.]  The  Iiuliuns  were  the  first  to  occupy  the  site  of  Ainuipo- 
lis.  The  records  of  tlieir  liahitiition  reinahi  in  the  occasional  well- 
shapen  arrow  and  finely-modelled  tomahawk  that  the  furrow  of  the 
farmer  upturns  in  tlie  vicinity,  or  the  showers  of  heaven  wasli  from 
the  earth. 

The  white  man.  who  first  saw  the  fair  liills  of  Severn,  was  tlie  famous 
Captain  Joliu  Smitli.  of  Vii'ginia.  who.  in  1608,  made  his  celebrated 
voyage  up  the  Chesapeake,  and,  from  his  description  of  liis  journev. 
passed  the  montli  of  the  Sevei'u.  and  continued  his  travels  to  tlie  Pa- 
tapsco. 

-  The  settlement  of  Annapolis  was  due  to  events  as  novel  as  a  ro- 
mancer's imaginings. 

[1648.]  A  Protestant  governor  ruled  in  Virginia,  a  Catholic  pro- 
prietary reigned  in  Maryland.  Tliat  liberality,  which  professors  of  a 
similar  faith  might  be  reasonably  expected  to  exhil)it  to  each  other,  was 
sadly  wanting  in  the  Churchmen  of  Virginia  towards  their  Puritan 
brethren,  and.  in  tlie  year  1648.  the  authorities  of  Virginia,  discovering 
that  the  Congregational  or  Independent  Church,  formed  in  1642,  liad. 
by  the  aid  of  secret  meetings,  notwithstanding  the  laws  against  it. 
increased  to  one  hundred  and  eighteen  members,  began  a  rigorous 
executionof  their  penal  statutes  against  the  Puritans,  Their  conven- 
ticle was  broken  up,  and  the  members  of  it  were  scattered  in  different 
•directions. 

Xear  the  close  of  the  year  1648,  the  elder  of  the  Indejjendents, 
Mr.  Durand.  took  refuge  in  Maryland.  Negotiations  for  a  settemenr 
of  the  Independents  very  soon  began,  and  the  persecuted  Puritans 
were  offered  an  asylum  in  Maryland,  provided  they,  wlio  would  hold 
land,  would  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  Loi'd  Baltimore, 

This  was  the  oath  : 

'•I  do  faithfully  and  truly  acknowledge  the  right  honorable  Cecil- 
ius,  lord  baron  of  Baltimore,  to  be  the  true  and  absolute  lord  and  pro- 
prietary of  this  province  and  country  of  Maryland  and  the  islands 
thereunto  belonging,  and  I  do  swear  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  unto 
his  lordship  and  to  his  heirs  as  to  the  true  and  alisolute  lordsand  pro- 
prietaries of  the  said  province  and  islands  thereunto  belonging,  and 
will  not  at  any  time  by  words  or  actions  in  public  or  in  private,  wit- 


18  '  •  T  H  E  A  X  C  I  E  X  T  C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

tingly  or  willingly,  to  the  best  of  ray  nnderstaudiug,  any  -way  dovo- 
gate  from,  Imt  will  at  all  times  as  occasion  shall  require,  to  the  ut- 
most of  my  power  defend,  and  maintain  all  such  his  said  lordsliip's 
and  his  heir's  riglit.  title,  interest,  privilege,  royal  jurisdiction,  pre- 
rogative; proprietary  and  dominion  over  and  in  tlie  said  province  of 
Maryland  and  islands  thereunto  belonging,  and  over  the  people  who 
ai-e  and  shall  be  therein  for  the  time  being  as  are  granted,  or  men- 
tioned to  be  granted  to  his  said  lordship  and  his  heiis  by  the  king  of 
England  in  his  said  lordship's  pateuu  of  tlie  said  province  imder  the 
great  seal  of  England.  I  do  also  swear  that  I  will,  with  all  expedi- 
tion, discover  to  his  said  lordship,  or  to  his  lieutenant,  or  other  clxief 
governor  of  the  said  province,  for  the  time  being,  and  also  use  my 
best  endeavors  to  prevent  any  plot,  conspiracy,  or  combination,  which 
I  shall  know,  or  have  cause  to  suspect,  is.  or  shall  be.  intended  against 
the  person  of  his  lordship,  or  which  shall  tend  any  ways  to  the  dishi- 
hersion  or  deprivation  of  his  said  lordshii)'s  or  his  said  heir's  tlieir  right 
title,  royal  jurisdiction,  and  dominion  aforesaid,  or  any  any  part 
thereof,  and  I  do  swear  that  I  will  not  either  by  myself,  or  hj  any 
other  person,  or  persons,  directly  or  indirectly  take,  accept,  receive, 
purchase,  or  possess,  any  lands,  tenements,  or  hereditaments  within 
the  said  province  of  of  Maryland,  or  the  island'^  thereunto  lielonging, 
from  any  Indian  or  Indians  to  any  other  use,  or  uses,  but  to  the  use 
of  his  said  lordship  and  his  heirs,  or  knowingly  from  any  other  per- 
son or  persons  not  deriving  a  legal  title  thereunto  by,  from,  or  under 
some  grant  from  his  said  lordship  or  his  said  heirs  legally  passed,  or 
under  Ms  or  their  great  seal  of  the  said  province  for  the  time  being. 
So  help  me  God,  and  by  the  contents  of  this  book."* 

[1(549.]  A  small  company  from  Richard  Bennett's  plantation,  at 
Nansemond,  in  all  about  ten  families,  was  the  first  to  arrive  on  the 
Severn.  At  Greenbury's  Point  they  made  a  settlement — a  tract  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  was  surveyed  and  divided  into  lots  of  fif- 
teen acres,  each  settler  receiving  one  lot.  and  Bennett  securing  the 
balance.  As  the  Puritans  came  to  the  Chesapeake  they  took  jiosses- 
sion  of  unoccupied  lands,  and  there  was  quite  speedily  a  line  of  planta- 
tions exrending  from  Herring  Bay  to  Magothy  river,  a  distance  of 
twenty-five  miles. 

George  Lynn  Lachlin  Da^is  sjiys  the  town  was  originally  intended 
to  be  erected  at  Greenbury's  Point,  and  bases  his  opinion  on  the  fact 
that  the  lots  there  were  spoken  of  as  tlie  "Town  Land  at  Green- 
bury's." The  events  that  led  to  the  subsequent  selection  of  the 
present  as  the  location  of  the  town,  have  not  been  preserved. 

Among  those  wiio  had  land  surveyed  in  or  about  Annapolis  at  this 
period,  was  Matthew  Howard,  whose  lot  was  surveyed  .July  3,  1050, 
on  "ye  south  side  of  Severn  river."  Then  came  these  allortments : 
For  William  Grouch,  on  Dec.  11,  1G.50,  on  "-ye  south  side  of  Sev- 
ern river,"  for  Thos.  Todd,  July  8,  1051.  -'on' ye  south  side  of  Sev- 
ern river. ' '  "This, ' '  says  the  present  Roll  Book,  t  "is  part  of  Annapolis 
Town,  and  part  the  Libertys  begins  at  ye  n.  e.  point  of  the  town 
and  extends  along  the  river  to  ye  first  creek  to  ye  west  and  then  with 
back  lines  to  ye  beginning. ' '  Nov.  22. 1051,  Locust  Xeck,  on  the  south 
of  the  Severn,  was  surveyed  for  James  Horner.  Nov.  22, 1051 .  land  was 
surveyed  for  Nicholas  Wyat ;  Nov.  15,  1651,  for  Richard  Acton,  near 

*  B.-'zman-s  Maryland,  Vf  1.  2,  v.  6n9. 
t  Vol.  I,  p.  i;5. 


H  I  S  T  0  R  Y  of  A  N  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  19 

Severn  river  ;  Xov.  20. 1651,  for  Peter  Porter,  on  the  south  side  of  Sev- 
ern river  ;  Xov,  25,  1651,  to  Thomas  Howell,  on  south  side  of  Severn 
river  ;  Xov.  20,  1651,  for  James  Warner,  near  Severn  river  ;  Dec.  4, 
1658,  for  Thomas  Gott,  on  south  side  of  Severn  river,  (afterwards 
escheated  to  the  State  and  Iwught  Ity  William  Bladen.)  Xov.  3, 1658, 
John  Xorwood  was  given  tlie  title  to  tracts  of  land  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Severn  ;  Aug.  27,  1659,  land  was  surveyed  for  Wm.  Galloway, 
on  the  south  side  of  Severn  ;  Xov.  2,  1659,  for  John  Colier,  on  south 
side  of  Severn  ;  Dec.  16,  1661,  for  Saml.  Ruthers,  on  soutli  side  of 
Severn  river,  near  Howell's  creek. 

There  were  besides  these  many  allottments  on  South  river,  one  of 
which  on  Fel).  20,  1661,  was  of  Wardridge,  "for  James  Warner  and 
Henry  Ridgely,  on  tlie  north  side  of  South  river,  possessors  of  200a., 
Coll.  Henry  Ridgely,  200a.,  ditto  for  his  son  Henry's  orphans  :  200a. 
for  Charles  Ridgely."  Tlie  tomb  of  a  descendant  of  these  Ridgelys 
remains  to  this  day  on  the  sp.me  spot,  upon  wliich  the  early  Ridgelys 
first  settled. 

Thomas  Todd's  lot  is  the  only  one  of  the  early  settlers'  allottments 
that  can  be  recognized  as  part  of  Annapolis.  The  water  front  of  his 
lot  began  at  a  point  on  the  harbor  line  and  ran  up  to  the  mouth  of 
Spa  creek. 

The  Puritans,  who  formed  the  nxieleus  of  this  colony,  wliich  was 
destined  to  rule  the  province,  were  with  but  few  exceptions  the  sturdy 
sons  of  the  English  yeomanry.  Warrosquoyacke  county,  or  Isle  of 
Wight,  afterward  called  Xorfolk  county,  Virginia,  lying  on  the  south 
of  the  James,  was  the  centre  of  the  Puritan  district,  from  whence  the 
settlers  of  Providence  came.  Edward  Bennett,  a  wealthy  London 
merchant,  who  had  obtained  in  1621,  a  large  grant  of  land  on  the 
Xansemoud  river,  south  of  the  James,  when  he  came  to  Virginia,  had 
brought  with  him  considerable  company  of  Puritans.  Edward  Ben- 
nett was  their  p^itriaix'h.  Rev.  William  Bennett,  a  relative,  their  spir- 
itual leader,  and  Richard  Bennett,  son  of  Edward,  became  the  Moses 
of  the  Virginia  Puritans  when  they  made  their  exodus  from  Virginia 
to  Maryland.!. 

Descended  from  this  hardy  stock  of  sturdiest  English,  indoctrinated  in 
the  tenets  of  their  austere  faith,  inheritors  of  trials  and  persecutions, 
their  subsequent  reliellious  and  courageous  conduct  in  Maryland  was 
the  natural  sequence  of  their  Vilood,  religion,  and  education. 

Soon  after  their  arrival  at  Pro^•idenoe,  Gov.  Stone  urged  upon  the 

iritans  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  Lord  Baltimore,  which  he  told  them 

f  they  did  not  take,  they  must  have  no  land,  nor  abiding  in  the 

ovince." 

The  Pui-itans  peremptorily  refused  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance, 
haggling  especially  at  the  expressions  "royal  jurisdiction"  and  "ab- 
solute dominion,"  which  latter  "they  exceedingly  scrupled."  They 
objected  to  the  aoth,  also,  because  "they  must  swear  to  uphold  that 
government  and  those  officers  who  were  sworn  to  countenance  and  up- 
hold anti-Christ — in  plain  words  expressed  in  the  officer's  oath — the 
Roman  Catholic  religion." 

Lord  Baltimore's  friend,  Mr.  John  Langford,  very  aptly  rephed  to 
these  olijectioiis  that  "there  was  nothing  promised  by  my  lord  or  Cap- 
tain Stone  to  them,  but  what  was  performed.     They  were  first  ac- 

t  A  Pus-itau  Colony  in  Maryland,  p.  7. 


20  *  '  T  H  K    A  N  C  1  E  N  T    C  1  T  Y  .  '  ' 

quainted  by  Captain  Stone  before  they  came  there  with  that  oatli  of 
fidehty.  wliich  was  to  be  taken  l)y  those  who  would  have  any  Lmd 
there  "from  his  lordship  ;  nor  had  they  any  regret  totlie  oath,  till  they 
were  as  much  refreshed  with  their  entertainment  there,  as  the  snake 
in  the  fable  was  with  the  countryman's  breast ;  for  which  some  of 
them  are  equally  thankful.  But  it  is  now,  it  seems,  thought.  ))y  some 
of  these  people,  too  much  below  them  to  take  an  oatli  to  the  lord  pro- 
prietary of  that  province,  though  many  Protestants,  of  much  Ijctter 
qiiality.  liave  taken  it.  and,  (which  is  more  than  can  be  lioped  for  some 
of  these  men,)  kept  it.  As  to  the  government  there,  they  knew  it 
very  well  before  they  came-  thither ;  and,  if  tliey  had  not  liked  it. 
they  might  have  forborne  coming  or  staying  there  ;  for  they  were  never 
forced  to  either.  The  chief  officers,  under  my  lord  there,  are  Pro- 
testants. The  jurisdiction  exercised  there  l)y  them  is  no  other  tlian 
what  is  warranted  by  his  lordsliip's  patent  (jf  tliat  province,  wliicli 
gives  him  the  jjower  and  privileges  of  a  count  ])alatine  there,  dejjend- 
ing  on  the  supreme  authority  of  England,  with  power  to  make  laws 
with  the  people's  consent ;  without  wliicli  powers  and  privileges  liis 
lordsliip  would  not  have  undertaken  that  i)lantation.  and  luive  been 
at  so  great  a  charge,  and  run  so  many  liazards  he  hath  done  for  it." 
*  *  *  "There  are  none  there  sworn  to  npliold  anti-Christ,  as  Mr. 
Strong  falsely  suggests :  nor  doth  the  oath  of  fidelity  bind  any  man 
to  maintain  any  other  jurisdiction  or  dominion  of  my  lord's,  than 
what  is  granted  by  his  patent.  Tliough  some  of  tliese  people  (it 
seems)  thmk  it  unfit  that  my  lord  should  have  such  a  jurisdiction  and 
dominion  there,  yet  they,  it  seems,  by  their  arrogant  and  insolent  pro- 
ceedings, tlihdi  it  fit  for  them  to  exercise  farre  moreabsolute  jurisdic- 
tion and  dominion  there  tlian  my  lord  Baltimore  ever  did  ;  nor  arc 
they  contented  ^\ith  fredom  for  themselves  of  conscience,  person  and 
estate,  (all  of  which  are  established  to  them  by  law  there  and  enjoyed 
by  them  in  as  ample  manner  as  ever  any  people  did  in  any  place  in  the 
world.)  unless  they  may  have  the  lil^erty  to  debarr  \)thers  from  the 
like  freedom,  and  that  they  may  domineer  and  do  what  theyjilease."** 
So  obstinately  did  these  people  refuse  to  comjjly  with  tlie  obliga- 
tions they  took  to  olitain  an  asylum  in  Maryland,  they  remained  en- 
tirely outside  the  pale  of  lord  Baltimore'sgovenunent.andoljstructed 
the  foi-mation  of  a  county,  for  a  year. 

**  Bozman's  Marvlund,  vol.  2,  p  371. 


CHAPTER  II. 
FOUMATION    OF    AXNE    AkUXDEI.    CoUNTY. 

[1C50.]  The  Puritans  of  Providence  by  April.  1650.  had  recovered 
sulRciently  from  their  scruples  of  conscience  to  elect  delegates  to  the 
General  Assembly,  that  convened  at  St.  Mary's  on  the  (ith  of  that 
month. 


II  I  S  T  0  R  Y   0  F     A  N  N  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  21 

The  Governor's  return  from  Providence  was.  "By  the  lieutenant, 
&c.,  of  Maryland.  The  freeman  of  that  part  of  this  province  of 
Maryland,  now  called  Providence,  being  by  my  appointment  duly 
summoned  to  tliis  present  assembly,  did  unanimously  make  choice  of 
Mr.  Puddington  and  Mr.  James  Cox,  for  tlieir  burgesses,  I  being  tliere 
in  person  at  the  time." 

The  reconciliation  effected  by  Gov.  Stone  promised  to  be  jierma- 
nent.  The  House  chose  Mr.  James  Cox,  of  Providence,  their  speaker, 
and  the  Assembly  passed  tlie  following  : — 

"An  Act  for  the  erecting  of  Providence  into  a  county  by  the  name 
of  Annarundell  county. 

"Be  it  enacted  by  tlie  Lord  Proprietary,  by  and  Aviththe  assent  and 
approl)ation  of  the  Upi)er  and  Lower  House  of  this  Assembly,  That, 
that  part  of  the  Province  of  Maryland,  on  the  west  side  of  tlie  Bay 
of  Chessoi)eack,  over  against  the  Isle  of  Kent,  formerly  called  l)y  the 
name  of  Providence  l)y  the  inhabitants  there  residing  and  inhabiting 
this  yeare,  sluill  lienceforth  be  created  into  a  shire,  or  county,  l)y  the 
rtame  of  Annarundell  county,  and  l)y  that  name  hereafter  to  be  ever 
called." 

It  was  prol)ably  so  called  from  the  maiden  name  of  Lady  Balti- 
more, then  lately  deceased,  Lady  Anne  Arundel,  the  daughter  of 
Lord  Arundel,  of  Wardour,  wliom  Cecilius,  Lord  Baltimore,  had  mar- 
ried.* 

After  the  adjournment  of  tlie  General  Assembly,  Governor  Stone, 
in  July,  1G50,  visited  Providence,  and  organized  it  into  a  county, 
under  the  name  of  Anne  Arundel. 

A  commission  was  issued  by  the  Governor  to  "Mr.  Edward  Lloyd, 
gentleman,"  ai)pointing  him  "to  be  connuander  of  Anne  Arundel 
county,  until  the  Lord  Pnjprietary  should  signify  to  the  contrary." 
James  Homewood.  Thomas  Meares.  Thomas  Marsh,  George  Pudding- 
ton.  Matthew  Hawkins,  James  Merryman,  and  Henry  Catlyn  were, 
with  Commander  Lloyd,  appointed  commissioners  of  the  county. 

The  commission  of  Conunander  Lloyd  gave  him,  with  the  approval 
of  the  other  commissioners,  the  right  to  issue  "warrants  and  com- 
missions, and  for  all  other  matters  of  judicature,  with  whom  you, 
Commander  Lloyd,  are  to  consult  in  all  matters  of  importance  con- 
cei'ning  your  said  county." 

Commander  Lloyd's  duties,  as  by  his  commission  declared,  were  "to 
call  and  appoint  courts  to  be  kept  within  and  for  the  said  county  ;  hi 
which  courts  you.  the  said  commander,  or  your  deputy,  (being  one  of 
the  said  commissioners,)  with  any  three  or  more,  of  the  said  com- 
missioners there  present  from  time  to  time,  to  hold  pleas,  and  finally 
to  determine  all  causes  and  actions  whatsoever,  civil,  happenhig  or 
arising  between  any  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  county,  of  what 
value  soever,  savhig  and  reserving  to  all  and  every,  the  inhabitants 
of  said  county  and  others,  liberty  of  appeal  from  the  county  court  to 
the  provincial  court,  in  any  civil  cause  or  action  to  the  value  of  £30 
sterling  or  3.0001b  tobacco,  and  upwards,  the  party  so  appealing  first 
putting  hi  sulhcient  security  to  the  said  county  court  to  be  answerable 
for  treble  damages  in  case  the  order  of  judgment  of  the  said  county 
court  made  in  that  cause,  shall  happen  to  be  confirmed  upon  liearing 
by  the  provincial  court  ;  and  also  to  hear  ^and  determine  all  matters 

•  Rjdgely's  Annals  o»h  Annapolis,  p.  37. 


22  '  '  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T   C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

criminal,  hapiJening  and  committed  in  the  said  county,  which  may  be 
heard  by  justices  of  the  peace  in  any  coiuity  in  England,  in  their 
courts  of  session,  not  extending  to  life  or  member,  an(l  further  to  do, 
use,  and  execute  all  manner  of  jurisdiction  and  authority  whatsoever, 
for  the  conservation  of  the  peace  within  the  said  county,  as  any  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  hi  England  may.  or  ought  to  do,  by  virtue  of  his 
commission  for  the  peace  ;  further  likewise  authorizing  you  tlie  said 
commander,  or  your  deputy,  to  elect  and  appoint  all  necessary  officers 
for  the  execution  of  justice  and  conservation  of  the  peace  there,  with 
allowance  of  such  fees  as  are  usually  belonging  to  the  same  or  like 
officers  in  Virginia  ;  and  to  do  all  other  things  and  acts,  which  shall 
be  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  powers  and  jurisdiction  hereby 
committed  to  you."t 
This  commission  was  signed  by  Gov.  Stone  at  Providence,  July  30,1650. 

The  day  before  the  above  was  issued,  Gov.  Stone  had  given  a  com- 
mission to  the  Commander  of  Anne  Arundel  authorizmg  him  "to  grant 
warrants  for  land  withm  the  said  county  to  adventurers  or  i^lanters, 
according  to  his  lordship's  conditions  of  plantation,  whereupon  such 
land  shall  happen  to  be  due  to  such  adventurers  or  planters  respec- 
tively." "The  warrants,  together  witli  the  particular  demands  or  as- 
signment upon  which  the  same  shall  l)e  granted,  to  be  entered  upon  re- 
cord by  his  lordship's  secretary  of  the  said  province." 

Though  the  political  storm  had  calmed,  all  was  not  well  in  the  infant 
colony.  The  Indian  was  still  a  near  neighbor,  and  though  generally 
peaceable,  his  savage  nature  had  displayed  itself  in  tiie  murder  of  some 
of  the  citizens  of  the  new  county  in  a  most  cruel  and  inhuman  manner. 

Tliese  murderers  were  supposed  to  be  Susquehannocks,  a  powerful 
and  war  like  tribe,  who  inhabited  all  that  section  which  extends  from 
the  Patuxent  to  the  Susquehanna  river  on  the  Western  Shore,  and  all 
that  part  that  lies  between  the  Choptank  and  Susquehanna  rivers  on 
the  Eastern  side  of  the  bay. 

To  punish  the  murderers  and  their  abettors,  the  General  Assembly 
of  lOoO,  enacted  that  "Whereas,  certain  Indians  these  last  year  have 
most  wickedly  antl  barl)erously  murtJiered  an  Engli.4i  inhabitant  of 
the  county  of  Kent  and  other  mhaljitants  likewise  since,  in  Anne 
Arundel  county.  Be  it  therefore  ordered,  that  the  Governor,  with 
the  advice  of  the  council,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  shall  have  power, 
in  case  such  Indians,  who  have  committed  such  barberous  and  wicked 
murders,  shall  not  be  sent  in.  after  demand  made  of  them,  to  the 
government  here  to  receive  such  punishment  as  is  due  f(n-  such  o/fenee, 
to  press  men,  and  to  appoint  such  allowance  for  their  pay.  and  to 
make  war  upon  the  nations  of  Indians  refusing  to  deliver  up  those  of- 
fenders as  aforesaid,  as  in  in  his  and  their  best  discretion,  shall  l)e 
thought  fit ;  the  charge  of  whicli  was  to  be  laid  by  an  equal  assess- 
ment on  the  persons  and  estates  of  all  the  inhabitants'of  this  province." 

Xo  account  has  come  down  to  us  of  the  result  of  these  preparations, 
although  the  silence  of  our  records  raises  the  presumption  that  the 
traditional  peace  of  the  colony  with  the  Indiiuis  was  also  unbroken  in 
this  case. 

Meanwhile,  with  the  usual  activity  of  Englishmen,  the  colony 
carried  on  a  brisk  trade  with  those  Indians  whose  peaceable  methodc 
led  them  in  the  avenues  of  Ixirter  and  exchange. 

t    Bozniiin's  JVlarvljiHd.  vol.  2,  p  40S. 

t    !"0Z!iiair.<  Maryland,  vol.  2,  p.  409. 


H- 1  S  T  0  R  Y   O  F    A  N  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  2o 

CHAPTER  III. 

TiiK    PriiiTAXs  Keftse  to  8exi)  Delegates  to  the 
IjEGiseateek  of  1()-j1. 

Tlif  PuritiUis  who  settled  ut  Ainiiiiwlis.  were  a  restless  set  with 
itciiini;'  ears,  wlio  seemed  never  so  satisfied  as  when  they  were  in  0])en 
<3p])osition  to  tlie  jiowers  that  were. 

Tiie  Genei-al  Assembly  ot  1050  liad  modified  the  oath  of  alleiriance 
to  Lurd  Baltimore,  eai-efidly  ex)niiigine:  tlie  objectionable  phrases 
••absolute  lord"'  and  •"royal  jurisdiction."  In  their  place  was  insei'ted 
'•that  they  would  defend  and  maintain  all  such  his  lordship's  j;i stand 
lawful  right,  title,  interest,  j^rivileges.  jurisdictions,  prerogatives, 
propriety,  and  doniiuion  over  and  in  the  said  province,  &c.,  not  any 
wise  understood  to  infringe  or  ])rejudice  liberty  of  conscience  in  })oint 
•of  religion." 

,  This,  for  a  time,  tranquilized  tlie  settlers  at  Providence,  but  the 
next  year,  1051,  when  they  were  called  upon  to  send  delegates  to  the 
General  Assembly,  they  peremptorily  refused. 

The  reason  for  this  refusal  has  not  been  preserved,  but  it  is 
generally  thought  it  was  because  the  Puritans  believed  that  the  pro- 
prietary government  would  be  overthrown  by  Cromwell,  who  was 
steadily  advancing  to  power. 

Lord  Baltimore  heard  of  the  conduct  of  the  Puritans  with  just  in- 
dignation. Under  date  of  August  20.  1051,  he  wrote  to  "William 
Stone,  Es(^.,  his  lieutenant  of  his  said  ju'ovince  of  Maryland,  and  to 
his  right  trusty  and  well-beloved,  the  Upper  and  Lower  Houses  of  his 
General  Assembly  there,  and  to  all  other  his  officers  and  inhabitants 
of  hisiirovince."  expressing  his  ••wonder at  a  message  which  he  under- 
stood was  lately  sent  l>y  one  Mr.  Lloyd,  from  some  lately  seated  at  Anne 
Arundel  within  his  said  province  of  Maryland  to  his  General  Assembly, 
held  at  St.  Mary's  in  March  last,  and  his  unwillingness  to  impute 
either  to  the  author  or  deliverer  thereof  so  malign  a  sense  of  ingrati- 
tude and  other  ill-affections  as  it  may  seem  to  bear;  conceiving  ra- 
ther, that  it  proceeded  from  some  apprehensions  in  them  at  the  time, 
grounded  upon  some  reports  in  these  parts  of  a  dissolution  or  resigna- 
tion here,  (in  England)  of  his  patent  and  right  to  that  province." 
After  declaring  these  rumors  to  be  false  and.  referring  the  Puritans 
to  Mr.  Harrison,  their  former  pastor.  Avho  was  then  in  England,  for 
the  truth  of  his  assertions.  Lord  Baltimore  added,  '•in  consideration 
of  a  better  compliance  from  these  people  with  his  government  there 
for  the  future,  he  should  not  any  further  expostulate,  or  make  any 
further  reflection  on  that  message,  till  further  occasion  given  him  by 
them,  and  if  such  admonition  did  not  prevail,  then  that  he  would  make 
use  of  his  authority,  with  the  assistance  of  well-aft'ected  persons,  to 
compel  such  factious  and  turljident  spirits  to  a  better  compliance  with 
the  lawful  government  there."  He  accordingly  willed  and  required 
"his  lieutenant  to  proceed  with  all  such  as  shall  lie  for  the  future  re- 
factory  on  that  kind  ;  and  in  case  any  of  the  English  inhal)itants  of 
that  province  sliould  at  any  time  hereafter  refuse  or  neglect  to  send 
burgesses  to  our  General  Assembly  there,  Viehig  lawfully  suinmoned 
tor  that  purpose,  he  wills  and  requires  all  the  nienibers  of  the  said 
Assembly,  which  shall  lawfully  meet  upon  such  summons  to  proceed, 


24  '  '  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  N  T     C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

as  they  ought,  as  they  may  lawfully  do.  in  all  liusiuess  Ix'loiigiug  to 
the  General  Assembly  there,  notwithstaiulmg  any  such  refusiil,  or 
neglect  as  aforesaid,  and  to  fine  all  such  refusers  or  neglectors  accord- 
ing to  their  demerits  ;  and  moreover,  in  case  of  their  persistency  in 
such  refusal  or  neglect,  then,  that  they  be  declared  enemies  to  the 
pxiblic  peace  of  the  province,  and  rebels  to  the  lawful  government 
thereof,  and  be  proceeded  against  accordingly."'*" 

The  conduct  of  these  Puritans  was  especially  ungrateful,  since,  re- 
ceived by  Lord  Baltimore  when  professors  of  the  Protestant  relig- 
ion had  refused  themdomicil,  their  asylum  in  Maryland  had  cost  Lord 
Baltimore  the  enmity  of  Charles  II,  then  in  exile  ui)on  the  continent. 
So  great  was  the  displeasure  of  the  young  king,  that  Ijord  Balti- 
more had  given  the  Puritans  a  settlement  in  Maryland,  that  he,  the 
natural  friend  of  the  proprietary,  in  spite  of  Lord  Baltimore's  un- 
doubted right  to  name  his  lieuteiumt  hi  the  province,  ajjpointed  Sir 
William  Davenant,  Governor  of  Maryland,  alleging  in  the  couunissiou 
that  Daveuiint  was  so  appointed  "because  the  Lord  Baltimore  ilid 
visibly  adhere  to  the  rebels  hi  England,  and  admitted  all  kinds  of  sec- 
taries and  schismatics,  and  ill-affected  persons  in  that  province. "'f 

*   Hozmun's  Maryland,  vol.  2,  |).  ^lli. 
+  ha  me  ji.  410. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Animosities  OF  theOt>d  Wowld  Tr.ANsi'i, anted 
IN  THE  New. 

[1G49.]  In  1049,  when  Charles  I  was  executed,  Thomas  Greene, 
who  was  acting  Governor  during  the  absence  of  Governor  Stone, 
caused  the  Prince  of  Wales  to  be  proclaimed  in  Maryland  as  the  "un- 
doubted, rightful  heir  to  all  his  father's  dominions,"  This  j)roclama- 
tion  was  issued  on  the  loth  of  November,  and  on  the  sixme  day  an- 
other was  published  "to  further  the  common  rejoicing  of  the  inhabi- 
tants upon  that  occasion,"  declaring  a  general  pardon  to  all  the  in- 
hcibitants  of  the  province,  who  had  committed  any  criminal  offence.* 

This  proclamation  and  the  general  rejoicing  were  not  in  consonance 
with  the  sentiments  of  the  Puritan  adventurers  on  the  banks  of  the 
Severn,  and  this  latent  feeling  was  exhil)ited  in  their  refusal  to  send 
delegates  to  the  General  AssemV)ly,  and.  a  little  later,  a  more  forcible 
proof  of  their  political  animosities  was  given. 

The  cause  of  the  coinmonwealth  triumphant  in  England.  Cromwell 
turned  his  attention  to  the  American  plantations,  and  commissioners 
were  sent  out  to  take  possession  of  all  that  were  unfavorable  to  the 
Protector.  Maryland  was  not  named  in  the  ^^ct  of  Pai-liament.  Vtut 
Lord  Baltimore's  enemies  contrived  to  have  that  colony  mentioned  in 
the  instructions  to  the  commissioners. 

*  Kidegly's  Annal<  of  AunHpoli>',  r.  f!5. 


History  of  Annapolis.  25 

Richard  Beuiu'tt  and  the  notorious  William  Olaiboriie.  who  luid 
given  so  much  troulile  to  the  infant  colony  ot  Maryland,  were  two  of 
the  commissioners. 

[1652.]  In  March.  1()52.  at  tlie  head  of  an  armed  force,  the  com- 
missioners entered  Maryland.  They  proposed  to  Grovernor  Stone  and 
tlie  council  of  th(>  province,  •'tiiat  they  should  all  remain  in  their 
places,  confoi-ming-  tiiemselves  to  tlie  laws  of  the  commonwealth  of 
England  in  point  of  government  only,  and  not  infringing  the  Lord 
Haltinioie's  just  rights."  Clovernor  Stone  and  tlie  balance  of  Lord 
?>altimore's  officers  of  government  '"declared  that  they  did  in  all  hu- 
mility submit  themselves  to  the  government  of  the  commonwealtli  of 
England,  hi  chiefe  under  God." 

Prom  the  proposition,  liowever.  to  issue  writs  in  the  name  of  the 
commonwealtli  instead  of  Lord  Baltimore.  Gov.  Stone  and  his  coun- 
sellors "desired  to  be  excused,  because  they  did  conceive  tlie  parliament 
intended  not  to  divest  the  Lord  Baltimore  of  his  right  in  las  province, 
and  that  they  understood  out  of  England,  that  the  Council  of  State 
intended  not.  that  any  alteration  should  be  made  hi  Maryland;  that 
the  King's  name  was  never  used  heretofore  in  said  writs,  but  that  they 
had  always  been  in  the  name  of  the  lord  proprietary,  according  to  the 
privileges  of  his  patent  ever  since  the  beginning  of  that  plantation^" 

■•Whereupon."  says  Mr.  John  Langford.  "the  said  commissioners 
liemanded  of  Captain  Stone  the  Lord  Baltimore  commission  to  him; 
which  he  showed  them  ;  and,  then  without.any  other  cause  at  all.  they 
detained  it.  and  removed  him  and  his  lordship's  other  officers  out  of 
their  enii)loynient  in  the  province  under  him.  and  appointed  others  to 
manage  the  government  of  iNlaryland.  indejiendent  of  his  lordship." 

Bennett  and  Claiborne  ordered  "that  all  writs,  warrants,  ami  jirocess 
whatsoever,  be  issued  forth  in  the  name  of  the  keepers  of  the  liberty 
of  England  ;  and  that  they  be  signed  under  the  hand  of  one  or  more 
of  the  council  liereafter  named,  viz  : — Robert  Brooke.  Esq..  Col. 
Francis  Yardley,  j\Ir.  Job  Chandler.  Captain  Edward  Windham,  Mr. 
Richard  Preston,  and  Lieutenant  Richard  Banks." 

The  new  council,  or  any  two  or  more  of  its  members,  was  empow- 
ered to  hold  courts,  and  to  direct  and  govern  the  affairs  of  the  province. 

Thus  the  disaster,  that  Ijord  Baltimore,  by  his  personal  intercession 
with  i)arlianieiit.  had  l)een  able  to  ward  off  in  the  legislative  branch, 
was  consummated  by  his  enemies  through  the  executive  power  of  the 
Council  of  State. 

^Maryland  reduced  to  subjection,  the  commissioners  returned  to 
Virginia,  where  Bennett  was  made  Governor,  and  Claiborne,  Secre- 
tary of  State. 

Handsomely  provided  for  in  Virginia,  the  commissioners  visited  Mary- 
land to  rivet  more  firmly  their  hold  upon  it.  Discovering  that  Gov- 
ernor Stone  was  exceedingly  popular  with  the  people,  as  well  as  affable 
to  the  commissioners.  Bennett  and  Claiborne  resolved  to  make  him 
Governor  once  more.  Li  order  to  justify  their  actions  in  ousting  him 
at  their  previous  visit,  they  declared,  in  their  proclamation  restoring 
Governor  Stone  to  his  office,  and  Mr.  Hatton  as  Secretary  of  State, 
that  these  were  left  out  of  office  "upon  some  misapprehension  or  mis- 
understanding, as  they  alleged,  in  that  particular  of  issuing  out  writs 
and  all  other  process  whatever,  in  the  name  of  the  liberties  of  Eng- 
land by  authority  of  parliament,"  that  Captain  Stone  was  "contented 


26  '  ' T H E  A x c  I E XT   C I T  V  .  ■  ' 

to  reassuDie  his  former  pUiL-e."  oil  coaditiou  that  ht-  might  "reserve 
and  save  to  liimself.  as  also  to  the  aforesaid  Mr.  Thomas  Hattoii, 
Robert  Brooke,  Esq..  and  Ca])taiii  John  Priee.  their  oaths  made  to  the 
Lord  Baltimore,  lord  pro])rielor  of  this  i>rovinee.  until  the  pleasiuv  ot 
the  State  of  England  be  further  known. '"t 

The  proclamiition  liore  date  of  June  28th.  I'i-'O. 

t   IS.znv.in's  .M:,r\lana,  V..I.  2,  |>.  4i:. 


CHAPTER  V. 

Providence  Sends  a  Petition  to  TiiECoMMi»!nM.:i;> 

OF  THE  C()M:\H'NWEAI/rH. 

[IG.Jo.]     Whilst  Maryland  was  made  a  shuttle-cock  in  the  hands  ol 
opposing  forces,  the  Puritans  of  Severn  addressed  a  ]>etition — 

'•To  Honorable.  Richard  Bennett  and  Col.  William  Claiborne. 
Esqrs.,  Commissioners  of  the  Connnonweaith  of  England  for  Virginia 
and  Maryland. ■■  It  was  styled:  "The  Humble  Petition  of  the  Com- 
missioners and  Inhabitants  of  Severne,  alias  Ann  Arundel  county. 
sheweth."  It  read:  '"That  whereas,  we  were  invited  and  encouraged 
by  Captain  Stone,  tlie  Lord  Baltimore's  Governor  of  Maryland,  ti> 
remove  ourselves  and  estates  into  Ins  province,  with  projuiseoi  enjoy- 
ing the  liberty  of  consciences  in  matter  of  religioii.  and  all  other 
privileges  of  English  subjects.  And  your  petitioners  did  u|)on  this 
ground,  witii  great  cost,  labor,  and  danger,  remove  ourselves,  and 
have  been  at  great  charges  in  building  and  clearing:  Now  the  Lord 
Baltimore  imposeth  an  oath  upon  us  by  proclamation,  which  lie  re- 
quireth  his  Lieutenant  forthwith  to  publish;  wliich.  if  we  do  not  take 
within  three  months  after  publication,  all  our  lands  are  to  be  seized 
for  his  lordship's  use.  This  oath  we  conceive  not  agreeable  to  the 
terms  on  which  we  came  hither,  nor  to  the  liljerty  of  our  consciences 
as  Christians  and  free  subjects  of  the  Connnonweaith  of  England: 
Neither  can  we  be  persuaded  in  our  consciences  by  any  light  of  God. 
or  engagement  upon  us,  to  such  an  oath;  but  rather  humbly  conceive 
it  to  be  a  very  real  grievance  and  such  an  oppression  as  we  are  not 
able  to  bear;  neither  do  we  see  by  what  lawful  power  such  an  oath, 
with  such  extreme  penalties  can  by  his  Lordship  be  exacted  of  us  who 
are  free  subjects  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  and  have  taken 
the  Engagement  to  them.  We  have  complairicd  of  this  grievance  to 
the  late  Honorable  Councel  of  State,  in  a  })etition  subscribed  by  us, 
which  never  received  an  answer,  such  as  might  clear  the  lawfulness 
of  such,  his  proceedings  with  us,  but  au  aspersion  cast  upon  us  of 
being  factious  fellows  ;  neither  have  we  received  any  conviction  of  our 
error  in  not  taking  the  said  oath,  nor  cruer  by  that  power,  before 
wiicn.  our  petition  is  still  dependiu^;,  to  take  it  hereafter;  neither  can 
ve  believe  that  the  Couimonwealcn.  of  England  will  ever  expose  us  to 
such  a  numifest  and  real  bondage  (who  assert  themselves,   the  main- 


History  ofAnnapolis.  27 

taiiiers  of  the  lawful  liberties  of  the  subject.)  as  to  make  iis  swear 
absolute  subjection  to  a  Government,  where  the  Ministers  of  State  are 
bound  by  oath  to  countenance  and  defend  the  Roman  Popish  Religion. 
which  we  api^rehend  to  be  contrary  to  the  Fundamental  Law  of  Eng- 
land, the  covenant  taken  in  the  three  Kingdoms,  and  the  conscience 
of  true  English,  subjects  and  doth  carry  on  an  arbitrary  power,  so  as 
whatever  is  done  Ijy  the  people  at  great  costs  in  assemblies,  for  the 
good  of  the  people,  is  liable  to  be  made  null  by  the  negative  voice  of 
his  Lordship.  But  affirmative  propositions  and  commands  are  in- 
cessantly urged,  and  must  not  be  denied. 

"In  Consideration,  whereof,  we  humbly  tender  our  Condition  and 
Distraction,  upon  this  occasion,  falling  upon  the  hearts  of  the  people, 
■to  your  view  and  consideration,  iutreating  your  honors  to  relieve  us 
according  to  tlie  Cause  and  Power  wherewith  you  are  entrusted  by  the 
Commonwealth  of  England.  We  rather,  because  upon  such  an  exi- 
gent at  this,  we  have  none  to  flie  to  but  yourselves,  the  Honorable 
Connnissioners  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England:  not  douV)ting  but 
God  will  direct  you  into  what  his  mind  and  will  is  in  this  matter  con- 
cerning us.  and  that  yuu  will  faithfully  apply  yourselves  to  our  redress 
in  what  is  just  and  our  lawful  liberty,  which  is  the  prayer  of  your 
j)oor  jietitiouers.     Severn  River,  the  3d  of  January.  16o3."* 

This  petition  was  signed  by  Edward  Lloyd  and  seventy-seven 
others  of  the  housekeepers,  freemen,  and  inhabitants  of  Severn. 

The  })e(>ple  of  nortli  Patuxeut  sent  a  similar  petition  under  date  of 
Mareli  1st.  \(i~)'^>.  This  was  signed  by  Richard  Preston  and  sixty 
othei's.  On  ]\[arch  13,  IGoo,  Bennett  and  Clarborne  returned  an  en- 
couraging answer  to  the  [)etitions  from  Severn  and  Patuxent,  in 
which  reply  they  counselled  that  the  settlers  "continue  in  your  due 
ol)e(lience  to  the"  Commonwealth  of  England,  in  such  manner  as  you. 
and  they,  were  then  ajipointed  and  engaged;  and  not  to  be  drawn 
aside  from  tlie  same  upon  any  pretence  of  such  uncertain  relations  as 
we  hear  are  di\-ulged  among  you.  To  which  we  expect  your  real  con- 
formity, as  you  will  answer  the  contrary:  notwithstanding  any 
I)retence  of  power  from  Lord  Baltimore's  Agents,  orauy  other  whatso- 
ever to  the  contrary." 

*  Pawe'H  Ti!ici>.  vol.  2,  ch.  ix.  p.  JS. 


CHAPTER  VL 

Gov.  Stoxe  Proclaims  THE  Puritans  to  be  Rebels. 

[1G54.]  Information  of  Cromwell's  elevation  to  the  protectorate 
having  been  received  Governor  Stone  proclaimed  him  protector  on 
the  6th  of  June,  1654.  The  same  year,  on  the  4th  of  July,  Governor 
Stone,  in  public  proclamation,  charged  the  commissioners,  Bennett 
and  Ckiborne,  and  the  whole  Puritan  party,  mostly  of  Anne  Arundel, 
with  "drawing  away  the  people,  and  leading  them  into  faction,  sedi- 
tion, and  rebellion  against  the  Lord  Baltimore." 


28  '  •  T  II  E    A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

Tliis  proclaniatiou  is  not  now  extant,  but  Mr.  Leonard  Stronfr,  a 
Puritan  writer  and  a  leading  citizen  of  Providence,  contemporaneous 
with  tlie  document,  say.s  that  the  paper  called  "that  which  was  done 
by  commission  from  the  Council  of  State  in  England,  rebellion  against 
the  Lord  Baltimore;  and  those,  that  were  actors  in  it,  factious  and 
seditious  persons,  which  was  done  by  a  proclamation  full  of  railing 
terms,  published  at  Providence  in  the  church  meeting."* 

Bennett  and  Claiborne  promptly  returned  to  Maryland.  Eleven 
days  from  the  date  of  Gov.  Stone's  proclamation.  ' "they  applied  tliem- 
selves  to  Captain  William  Stone, t  the  Governor,  and  Council  of  Mary- 
land," "in  a  peaceable  and  loving  way  to  persuade  them  into  their 
due  and  promised  obedience  to  the  commonwealth  of  England." 'J 

The  commissioners,  in  their  published  statement  of  the  occurrence, 
declared  that  Governor  and  Council,  "returning  only  opprobious  and 
uncivil  language,  presently  mustered  his  wliole  power  of  men  and  sol- 
diers ill  arms,  intending  to  surprise  the  said  commissioners,  and  (as 
could  be  imagined)  to  destroy  all  those  that  liad  refused  the  said 
unlawful  oath,  and  Only  kept  themselves  in  their  due  obedience  to  the 
commonwealth  of  England  under  which  they  were  reduced  and  set- 
tled by  the  parliament's  authority  and  commission.  Then  the  said 
commissioners,  in  quiet  and  peaceable  manner,  with  some  of  the  people 
of  Patuxent  and  Severn  went  over  the  river  of  Patuxent,  and  there  at 
length  received  a  message  from  the  said  captain  Stone,  that  the  next 
lay  he  would  meet  and  treat  in  the  woods;  and  thereupon  being  in 
some  fear  of  a  party  come  from  Virginia,  he  condescended  to  lay  down 
his  power,  lately  assumed  from  the  lord  Baltimore  and  to  submit,  (as 
he  had  once  before  done)  to  such  government  as  the  commissioners- 
should  appoint  under  his  highness  the  lord  protector." 

*  Bozman's  M  my  land,  vol.  •_',  p.  .'.Ol. 
t.^tatemeiit  ol  the  Cointni^sioner^. 
Jlieonard  Strotifr. 


CHAPTER  VIL 

An  Indian  Treaty  Made  on  the  Severn. 

[lGo2.]  The  dissensions  of  the  Maryland  colonists  did  not  prevent 
them  from  looking  to  the  peace  of  State  with  the  Indijins. 

The  Governor  and  Council,  sitting  as  a  court,  on  the  38th  of  June, 
1652,  Win.  Stone,  Governor,  Thomas  Hatton,  Secretary,  and  Robert 
Brooke,  Col.  Francis  Yardley.  Jol)  Chandler,  and  Richard  Preston, 
members,  bemg  present,  passed  the  following  : 

"Whereas,  this  court  is  informed,  that  the  Susquehanna  Indians 
have  a  long  time  desired,  and  much  pressed  for  the  conclusion  of  a 
peace  with  the  government  and  inhabitants  of  this  province,  which  as 
is  now  conceived,  may  tend  very  much  to  the  safety  and  advantage 
of  the  mhabitants  here,  if  advisedly  effected :     It  is,  therefore,  ordered,. 


H  I  S  T  0  R  Y   O  F     A  X  N  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  29 

iiud  the  court  doth  hereby  give  full  power  and  authority  unto  Richard 
Bennett,  Esq.,  Mr.  Edward  Lloyd,  Captain  "Williara  Fuller,  Mr. 
Thomas  Marsh  and  Mr.  Leonard  Strong,  or  and  three  or  more  of  them 
whereof  tlie  said  Richard  Bennett,  Esqr.,  to  be  one.  at  such  time  and 
place  as  they  may  think  convenient,  to  consult  and  treat  with  tlie  said 
Susquehainia  Indians,  and  l)y  the  use  of  all  lawful  and  fitting  means, 
(if  they  can,)  to  conclude  a  league  and  peace,  on  the  behalf  of  this 
government  and  the  inhabitants  tliereof.  with  the  said  Susquehanna 
Indians,  so  as  the  peace,  safety,  and  advantage  of  the  inhabitants 
here  may  be,  (so  far  as  in  them  lies,)  thereby  advanced,  settled,  and 
preserved." 

All  of  tlie  ])ersons  named  as  connnissioners  were,  with  the  exception 
of  Richard  Bennett,  inliabitants  of  Providence.®  .The  commissioners 
proceeded  at  once  to  their  work.  On  the  fifth  of  July  following,  a 
treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  with  the  Sus(|ueliannas,  "at  the  River 
of  Severn,  in  the  Province  of  Maryland." 

It  is  not  difficult  to  picture  the  canoe  of  the  formidable  Susquehan- 
na?, decked  with  feathers  and  paint,  armed  witli  bow  and  tomahawk, 
dashing  with  daring  skillfulness  from  Greenljury's  to  Sycamore  point, 
and  thence  to  Windmill,  and  out  again  to  theohlng,  and  fading  in  thw 
dim  sunset  up  the  Chesapeake  before  the  steady  gaze  of  thesturdv 
Puritans,  nor  the  ripple  of  excitement  that  moved  the  little  settle- 
ment when  these  formidable  saA'ages  appeared  in  its  midst. 

The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  treaty  made  on  the  Severii. 
and  the  quaint  style  of  expression  and  homely  phrases  cast  a  ruddy 
glare  of  information  upon  the  environs  of  the  early  inhabitants 
.of  the  capital : 

'"Articles  of  peace  and  friendship  treated  and  agreed  upon  the  .5tli 
day  of  July,  1653,  between  the  English  nation  in  the  province  of 
Maryland  on  the  one  party,  and  the  Indian  nation  of  Sasquesahanogh 
■on  tiie  other  parties,  as  foUoweth  : 

"Istly.  That  the  English  nation  shall  have,  hould,  and  enjoy  to 
them,  their  heires,  and  assigns  for  ever,  all  the  land  lying  fi-om  Pa- 
tuxent  river  unto  Palmer's  island  on  the  western  side  of  the  bay  of 
Chesapeake,  and  from  Choptank  river  to  the  northeast  branch,  whicli 
lyes  to  the  northward  of  Elke  river  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  said  bay. 

with  all  the  islands,  rivers,  creeks,   f  fish,  fowl,  dear,  elk,  aiid 

whatsoever  else  to  the  same  belonging,  excepting  the  isle  of  Kent  and 
Palmer's  island,  which  belong  to  Captain  Claiborne.  But,  neverthe- 
less, it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  aforesaid  English  or  Indians  to  build  a 
house  or  fort  for  trade  or  any  such  like  use  or  occasion  at  any  tyme. 
upon  Palmer's  island. 

"2dly.  That  if  any  damage  or  injury  be  done  on  either  side  at  any 
tyme  hereafter,  either  by  the  English  or  Indians  aforesaid,  or  by  any 
other  allies,  confederates,  tributaries,  or  servants,  that  reparation  be 
made  and  satisfaction  given  from  each  other  from  tyme  to  tyme  as  the 
case  requires,  and  as  in  reason  should  be  done  between  those  that  are 
friends,  and  that  desire  soe  to  continue. 

"3dly.     That  if  any  the  people  or  servants  belonging  to  the  Eng- 
lish or  to  the  Indians  shall  goe  away  or  run  away  from  either  side,  they 
shall  not  be  concealed,  or  kept  away  from  each  other.  But  shall,  with  all 
*  Now  Annapolis. 
T  A  word  not  lesible  in  the  record. 


30  '  '  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

conveuieut  speede,  be  returned  back,  and  brought  home.  And  satis- 
faction to  be  made  in  a  reasonable  way  for  transportation  by  land  or 
water  to  those  that  bring  them  in. 

•'4thly.  That,  upon  any  occasion  of  business  to  the  Englisli,  or  any 
message  or  the  Uke,  the  Indians  shall  come  by  water  and  not  by  land,- 
That  there  shall  not  be  above  eight  or  ten  at  the  most  at  one  tyme. 
And  that  they  bring  with  them  the  token  given  them  by  tlie  English 
for  that  purpose,  by  which  they  may  be  known  and  entertiiined,  As 
also  that  the  English  on  their  partes,  when  they  send  to  the  Indians 
the  messenger  shall  carry  the  token  wliich  wee  have  received  from  them. 

"othly.  And  lastly,  these  articles  and  every  particular  of  them 
shall  be  really  and  invioably  observed,  kept,  and  performed  liy  thetwo 
nations,  before  named,  and  by  all  the  people  belonging  to  tlicm,  or 
that  are  in  amity  with  them,  for  ever  to  the  end  of  the  world.  And 
that  all  former  injuries  being  buried,  and  forgotten  from  licncofor- 
ward,  they  doe  promise  and  agree  to  walke  together  and  carry  one 
towards  another  in  all  things  as  friends,  and  to  assist  one  another  ac- 
cordingly. But  if  it  so  happen  at  any  tyme  hereafter  that  cither  party 
is  weary  of  the  peace,  and  intends  war,  then  that  the  same  shall  be 
signified  and  mode  knowne  each  to  otlier  by  sending  in,  and  deliver- 
ing up  his  writing  before  any  Act  of  hostility  or  enmity  l)e  done  or  at- 
tempted, and  that  twenty  days  warning  thereof  be  given  beforehand. 

"Tliese  several  articles  were  solemnly  and  mutually  debated  and  con- 
cluded at  the  river  of  Severne,  in  the  province  of  Maryland,  by  Richard 
Bennett,  Esquire,  Mr.  Edward  Lloyde,  Capn.  William  Fuller,  Mr. 
Thomas  Marsh,  and  Mr.  Leonard  Strong,  commissioners,  authorized 
and  appointed  by  the  governor  and  councell  of  the  aforesaid  province. 
And  by  Sawahegeh,  treasurer,  Auroghtaregh,  Scarhuhadigh,  Ruth- 
chogah,  and  Nathheldianeh,  warr  captaines  and  councillois  of  Sas- 
quehanogh,  commissionors,  appointed  and  sent  for  that  purpose  by  the 
nation  and  state  of  Sasquehanogh.  An  were  fully  ratified,  done,  and 
confirmed  by  several  presents,  gifts,  and  tokens  of  friendship  mutually 
given,  received,  and  accepted  on  both  sides.  In  witness  whereof  the- 
aforesaid  commissioners,  in  behalf  of  the  aforesaid  nation  have  here- 
unto sett  their  hands  and  seales  the  day  and  the  veare  above  written. 

"Ri.  Bennett— Edw.  Lloyd— Thos.  Marsh— Will.  Puller,— Leo.. 
Strong.  Locus 

The  mark  of  t^  X 

Sawahegeh  Sigilli . 

The  marlv  of   <! 

Aureghtaregh." 

The  mark  of  F         Ruthchogah. 

V 
The  mark  of  | 

A  Scarhuhadigh. 

The  mark  of  WW  Nathheldianeh. 

Locus 
William  Lawson,  X 

Sigilli. 
Jafer  Peter — for  the  Sweades's  Governors  Witness. "t 

t  Council  Procee'ling>,  Lib.  H.  H.,  p.  02. 


HiSTORYOF   Annapolis.  31 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
Preparations  for  War. 

[l(5-)4.]  Frequent  and  violent  changes  in  the  government  of  the- 
jirovinee  had  tlieir  legitimate  sequence. 

On  the  last  reducement  of  the  Maryland  government  by  Bennett  and 
Claiborne,  July  15,  1054,  they  had  appointed.  Cajitain  William  Fuller, 
Mr.  Richard  Preston,  Mr.  William  Durand,  Mr.  Edward  Lloyd,  Cap- 
tain .John  Smith.  Mr.  Leonard  Strong,  Jolm  Lawson,  3Ir.  .John  Hatch, 
Mr.  Richard  Wells,  and  Mr.  Richard  Ewen.  or  any  four  of  them, 
whereof  Captain  William  Fuller,  3Ir.  Richard  Preston,  or  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Durand,  to  be  always  one,  to  be  commissioners  for  the  well- 
ordering,  directing,  and  governing  the  affairs  of  Maryland,  under  his 
liiglmess,  the  lord  protector  of  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  the 
dominions  thereof ,  and  in  his  name  only,  and  no  other."  The  com- 
mission gave  authority  to  hold  courts,  to  summon  an  assembly,  and 
proliil)ited  Roman  Catholics  from  voting. 

The  names  in,  and  spirit  of,  the  commission,  bear  evidence  tliat  the 
majority  of  tlie  commissioners  were  Puritans  of  Prondence  and  its 
adjacent  settlements. 

Captain  Fuller  and  his  associates  summoned  a  Legislature,  and  it 
began  its  sessions  at  Patuxent,  October  30th,  1654,  the  assembly  sit- 
ting as  one  house.  The  most  remarkalile  law  of  this  Legislature  was 
the  one  that  "enacted  and  declared  that  none  who  profess  and  exercise 
the  Popish  (commonly  called  the  Roman  Catholic)  religion  can  be 
l)rotected  in  this  province  by  the  laws  of  England  formerly  established 
and  yet  unrepealed  I " ' 

Never  had  the  fable  of  the  camel  who  asked  to  pitt  his  nose  in  the 
Arab's  tent  and  who  finally  turned  the  owner  out,  been  more  com- 
pletely realized  than  it  was  with  the  Puritans  and  Catholics  of  3Iary- 
land.  Stringent  laws  were  passed  by  the  same  assembly  against 
drunkenness,  swearing,  false  reports,  slandering,  and  tale  bearing, 
violations  of  the  Sabbath,  and  acts  of  adultery  and  fornication. 

An  act  was  also  passed  changing  the  name  of  Anne  Arundel  county 
to  the  County  of  Providence,  and  prescribing  the  bounds  thereof  to  be 
Herring-Creek,  including  all  the  plantations  and  lands  unto  the 
bounds  of  Patuxent  county,  (supposed  to  be  the  present  Calvert,)  that 
is.  to  a  creek  called  "Mr.  Marshe's  Creek,  otherwise  called  Oyster- 
Creek." 

[11)55.]  All  was  peace  in  the  province  until  January,  1655,  when 
the  ship  G(jl(len  Fortune,  Caiit.  Tilman,  arrived  in  Maryland.  On  it 
came  a  gentleman  named  Eltonhead,  who  brought  the  information, 
■"that  the  lord  Baltimore  kept  his  patent  and  that  his  highness,  (the 
lord  protector, )  had  neither  taken  the  lord  Baltimore's  patent  from 
him,  nor  his  land." 

By  the  same  ship,  it  appears,  came  a  letter  from  lord  Baltimore  up-- 
braiding  Gov.  Stone  for  '"resigning  up  his  government  unto  the  hands 
of  the  lord  protector  and  commonwealth  of  England,  without  striking 
one  stroke." 

Gov.  Stone  needed  no  more  encouragement  to  act.  He  re-assiimed 
f.he  duties  of  Governor  under  his  former  commission,  and  determined. 


32  '  '  T  H  E    A  N  C  I  E  N  T     C'  I  T  V  .  '  ' 

to  make  a  manlv  strugirle  to  obtain  possession  of  the  government  of  the 
province.  He  proeeei:led  immediately  to  issue  military  connnissions 
to  officers,  and  to  organize  an  armed  "force  in  the  b)yal  cijunty  of  Sr. 
Mary's. 

Which  of  the  two  sides.  Lord  Baltimore's  or  the  Commissioners". 
Cromwell  sustained  isdiflficult  to  tell,  in  view  of  two  letters  on  the  sub- 
ject one  written  January  12th.  lOoo.  and  the  otlier  September  2f;tli. 
which  are  palpable  contradictions  of  each  other. 

But  this  conflict  of  rights  had  gone  so  far.  war.  and  not  words, 
could  only  decide  it. 

The  overt  act  was  connnitted  by  Gov.  Stone,  who  despatched 
Mr.  John  Hammond  to  recover  the"  records  of  the  province  and 
to  seize  a  magazine  of  arms  and  anuuunition.  gathered  at 
Mr.  Richard  Preston's  house  at  Patuxent.  and  belonging  to  the 
Puritans. 

Mr.  Hammond  says  :  "I  went  UMarined  amongst  the  Sons  of 
Thunder,  only  three  or  four  to  row  me.  and  despite  all  their 
braves  of  raising  the  country,  calling  in  his  servants  to  appre- 
hend me,  threatened  me  witli  the  severity  of  their  new  made 
law.  myself  alone  seized,  and  carried  away  the  Records  in  de- 
fiance." 

The  Puritan  account  of  tliese  proceedings  isipiaint.  Mr.  Leonanl 
Strong  wrote  :  "Then  (that  is  on  tlie  arrival  of  the  news  by  tlie  (rol- 
den  Fortuns.)  the  Lord  Baltimoi-e's  oiticers.  and  the  jwpish  party  be- 
gan to  divulge  abroad,  and  lioast  mucli  of  power,  wliicli  came  in  that 
shi])  from  his  higlniess,  the  lord  protector,  to  confirm  tlu;  Lord  Balti- 
more's patent  to  liim.  and  to  re-establish  his  ollicers  in  their  f(n'mer 
l>laces  under  him  ;  which  pretended  power  tliey  assumed  to  themselves  ; 
Captain  Stone  and  the  rest  giving  out  threatening  speeches.  That 
now  the  rebels  at  Patuxent  and  Severne  should  know  that  he  was 
governor  again  ;  giving  order.  That  neither  Act  of  the  said  Assembly 
should  be  observed,  nor  writ  from  the  power  eslablislied  by  the  com- 
missioners aforesaid  obeyed," — (to  wit.  writs  in  tlie  juime  of  Captain 
Fuller  and  others,  to  whom  Bennett  and  Clailiorne  had  committed  the 
powers  of  government,  as  l)eiore  cited.)  "but  wliat  should  issue  forth 
in  the  name  of  the  lord  proi)rietary,  viz.,  lord  Baltimore.  And  further, 
the  said  Captain  Stone  gave  several  commissions  to  the  papists  and 
other  desperate  and  bloody  fellows,  to  muster  and  raise  men  in  arms 
to  be  ready  upon  all  occassions,  giving  out  that  he  would  go  to  Pa- 
tuxent, and  seize  the  records  of  the  province  at  the  place  where 
they  were  appointed  to  be  kept  by  an  Act  of  the  Assembly,  and 
to  apprehend  Mr.  Richard  Preston  also,  at  whose  house  they 
were  :  which  shortly  was  eifected  by  virtue  of  a  warrant  in  Captain 
Stone's  name,  without  proclaiming,  or  shewing  and  jtower  bv  which 
he  acted  such  liigh  robbers,  But  in  threatening  si)eeches  declared, 
that  they  would  have  the  government  ;  and  for  the  terror  of  others, 
would  hang  some  of  the  Commissioners,  which  were  entrusted  with 
the  ^government  by  the  conunissioners  of  the  connnmonwealth 
of  England,  under  his  highness,  the  lord  protector,  namelv.  Cap- 
tain Williiim  Fuller,  Mr.  Richard  Preston,  and  Mr.  William  Pu- 
raud." 


H  I  S  T  0  R  Y   O  F   A  N  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  33 

CHAPTER  IX. 
The  Battle  of  the  Seveen. 

[1655.]  •  About  the  30th  of  March,  1055,  Gov.  Stone  started  from 
St.  Mary's  to  briua:  the  unruly  Puritans  of  Providence  into  subjection 
to  Lord  Baltimore's  government.  The  forces  of  the  Governor  con- 
sisted of  130  men.  Part  of  these  marched  by  land  up  the  southern 
peninsula,  and  were  fei-ried  across  the  mouths  of  rivers  and  creeks  in 
eleven  or  twelve  small  boats  which  the  Governor  had  pressed  into  his 
service. 

Advised  of  the  advance  of  Gov.  Stone's  forces,  the  Puritans  sent 
messengers  to  meet  the  Governor,  whom  they  found  near  Herring 
Bay,*  in  Anne  Arundel. 

Roger  Heameans  who  took  part  in  the  engagement  that  followed, 
says: 

"A  message  having  been  sent  to  demand  his  power  and  the  ground 
of  such  his  proceedings. 

"The  second  message  to  him  being  such  low  terms,  that  those  that 
sent  it  were  grieved  at  their  hearts  that  ever  it  went  out  of  their 
hands;  which  was  as  foUoweth  : 

'"For  Captain  William  Stone,  Esq.: 

"Sir  : — The  people  of  these  parts  have  met  together,  and  considered 
the  present  transactions  on  your  part,  and  have  not  a  little  marvelled 
that  no  other  answer  of  the  last  message  hath  been  made,  than  what 
tendred  rather  to  make  men  desperate  than  conformable;  yet  being 
desirous  of  peace,  do  once  again  present  to  your  serious  consideration 
these  ensuing  proposals,  as  the  mind  of  the  people  : 

"1.  If  you  will  govern  us  so  as  we  may  enjoy  the  liberty  of  Eng- 
glish  subjects. 

"3.  And  that  we  be,  and  remain  indempnified  in  respect  of  our 
engagement,  and  all  former  acts  relating  to  the  reducement  and 
government. 

"3.  That  those  who  are  minded  to  depart  the  province,  may  freely 
do  it  without  any  prejudice  to  themselves  or  estate;  we  are  content  to 
own  yourseK  as  governor,  and  submit  to  your  government.  If  not, 
we  are  resolved  to  commit  oui'selves  into  the  hands  of  God,  and  rather 
die  like  men,  than  be  made  slaves. 

Will.  Durand,  Secretary. 

"But  no  answer  to  this  was  returned,  birt  the  same  paper  in  scorn 
sent  back  again." 

These  pacific  offers  were  carried  by  six  men  in  a  boat.  The  pro- 
posals of  peace  were  not  only  rejected,  but  the  messengers  were  seized 
as  captives  of  war.  Three  of  them,  however,  contrived  to  escape,  and 
took  back  to  Providence  the  story  of  their  treatment,  and  the  intentions 
of  Captain  Stone  upon  the  settlement. 

On  the  rejection  of  their  offer  of  peace,  the  Puritans  prepared  to 
put  in  execution  their  resolve  "to  die  like  men,  rather  than  be  made 
slaves." 

Gov.  Stone,  in  the  meanwhile,  behaved  himself  in  a  fustian  style 
at  Herring  Bay,  seizing  one  of  the  commissioners  of  State,  and  forcing 

*  Tneu  (!:illeii  .le.iins  Creek. 
3 


34  "  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

"another  of  quality  to  fly  for  his  life,  having  threatened  to  hang  him 
up  to  his  own  door;  and  not  finding  the  man.  affrighted  his  wife,  and 
I^lundered  the  house  of  ammunition  and  provision,  threatening  still 
what  they  would  do  to  the  people  at  Providence,  and  that  tliey  would 
force  the  rebellious,  factious  Roundheads  to  submit,  and  tlien  they 
would  show  their  power."* 

Gov.  Stone,  moving  nearer  to  Annapolis,  sent  forward  Dr.  Luke 
Barber  with  a  proclaniation  which  is  not  extant.  Dr.  Barber,  hi  de- 
scribing his  en  voyage  to  Cromwell,  s-xys  that  '"in  the  end  of  this  de- 
claration, the  governor  did  i^rotest,  as  in  the  presence  of  Almighty 
God,  that  he  came  not  in  a  hostile  way  to  do  them  any  hurt,  but 
sought  by  all  means  possible,  to  reclaim  them  by  faire  meaiies;  and  to 
my  knowledge  at  the  sending  out  of  parties,  (as  occasion  sei'ved.)  he 
gave  strict  command,  tliat  if  they  met  any  of  the  Ann  Arundel  men, 
they  should  not  fire  the  first  gun,  nor  upon  paine  of  death  plunder 
any.     These  were  his  actings  to  my  knowledge  upon  the  march." 

Whilst  these  messages  were  passing  between  the  opposing  forces,  the 
men  of  St.  Mary's  were  rapidly  closing  the  gap  between  them  and 
Pi'ovidence. 

Dr.  Barber  and  his  companion,  Mr.  Coursey,  were  permitted  to  read 
the  document  they  brouglit  from  Gov.  Stone,  "but  having  no  other 
treaty  to  offer,  they  were  quietly  dismissed  to  their  own  company," 
to  wliom  it  seems  they  did  not  return.  Mr.  Packer,  from  Gov.  Stone, 
the  next  day  followed  Dr.  Barber.  After  Mr.  Packer,  came  Mr.  Cour- 
sey, presurilably  on  the  same  errand.  None  of  them  returned  to  Gov. 
Stone,  who,  left  in  ignorance  as  to  the  intentions  of  the  Puritans, 
pushed  on  to  the  Severn,  at  the  mouth  of  which,  on  the  24th  of  March 
he  arrived  "about  the  shutting  of  the  eve,"  "with  eleven  or  twelve 
vessels,  greater  and  lesser,  in  which  their  whole  army  was  wafted. "f 

On  the  appearance  of  Gov.  Stone  and  lus  fleet  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Severn,  Capt.  Fuller,  the  commander  of  tlie  Puritans,  called  his 
councillors  together,  and  sent  liis  secretary,  Mr.  William  Durand,  and 
another  of  his  councillors,  on  board  the  merchant  ship.  Golden  Lyon, 
Roger  Heamans,  captain,  then  lying  in  the  hai'bor.  There  they  made 
a  requisition  upon  the  captain  for  the  services  of  himself,  his  ship, 
and  his  crew,  in  defence  of  the  to^vn.  Durand,  at  the  same  time, 
posted  on  the  mainmast  a  proclamation  by  which  Heamans  "was  re- 
quired, in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Protector  and  commonwealtli  of 
England,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  the  just  liberties,  lives,  and 
estates  of  the  free  subjects  thereof,  against  an  unjust  power,  to  be 
aiding  and  assisting  in  this  service."  Heamans  manifested  a  real 
or  fictitious  unwilhngness  to  take  part  in  the  engagonent,  but  says, 
'  'after  seeing  the  equity  of  the  cause,  and  the  gi'oundless  proceedings  of 
the  enemy,  he  offered  himself,  ship,  and  men,  for  that  service,  to  be 
directed  by  the  said  councillors."  Dr.  Barber,  a  partisan  of  Gov. 
Stone  says,  Heamans  was  hired  by  the  Puritans  to  take  the  part  he 
afterward  played. 

Heamans  relates  that,  on  seeing  the  "company  of  sloops  and  boats 
making  towards  the  ship,  the  council  on  board,  and  the  ship's  com- 
pany, would  have  made  shot  at  them,  but  this  relator  commanded 
1  hem  to  forbear,  and  went  himself  upon  the  poop  iii  the  stern  of  the 
ship,  and  hailed  them  several  times,  and  no  answer  was  made.  ■  He 

*  Uozmans  Maiylancl,  vol.  2,  p.  520. 
*  Boz!nau"s  Maryiand,  vol.  2,  p.  52j. 


H  I  S  T  0  K  Y   0  F     A  X  X  A  P  O  L  I  S  .  35 

then  charged  them  not  to  come  nearer  the  ship,  but  the  enemy  kept 
rowing  on  their  way  and  were  come  within  shot  of  the  ship;  his  mates 
and  company  having  had  information  of  their  threatenings.  as  well 
against  the  ship  as  the  poor  distressed  people,  resolved  to  fire  upon 
them  without  their  commander's  consent,  rather  than  hazard  all  by 
the  enemy's  nearer  approach,  whereupon  he  ordered  them  to  fire  a 
gun  at  random  to  divert  their  course  from  the  ship,  but  the  enemy 
kept  still  course  right  with  the  ship,  and  took  no  notice  of  any  warn- 
ing given.  He  tlien  conunanded  his  gunner  to  fire  at  them,  but  one 
of  his  mates,  Mr.  Robert  Morris,  who  knew  the  country  very  well, 
the  malice  of  the  adversary  against  these  people  who  were  then  near 
worn  out  with  fears  and  watehings,  made  shot  at  them,  which  came 
fairly  with  them;  whereupon  they  suddenly  altered  their  course  from 
the  ship,  and  rowed  into  the  creek,  calling  the  ship's  company  rogues, 
round-headed  rogues,  and  dogs,  and  with  many  execrations  and  rail- 
ing, threatened  to  fire  them  on  the  morning." 

Gov.  Stone  entered  the  mouth  of  Spa  Creek,  which  forms  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  present  city  of  Annapolis,  and  landed  his  forces 
on  Horn  point,  a  peninsula  oi)posite  Annapolis,  and  south  of  Spa  Creek. 

Whilst  the  Governor  was  landing  his  men,  Capt.  Heamans  fired 
another  shot  at  them.  "The  shot  thereof  lighting  somewhat  near  to 
them,  the  Governor  deemed  it  most  prudent  to  send  a  messenger  on 
board  the  Golden  Lyon  to  know  the  reason  of  their  conduct,  with 
directions  to  the  messenger  to  inform  the  captain  of  the  ship,  that  he 
(Gov.  Stone)  thought  'the  captain  of  the  ship  had  been  satisfied.' 
To  which,  Captain  Heamans,  who  and  a  younger  brother,  Mrs. 
Stone  says,  were  great  sticklers  in  the  business,  answered  in  a  veiy 
blustering  manner — 'Satisfied  with  what?  I  never  saw  any  power 
Capt.  Stone  had  to  do  as  he  hath  done,  but  the  superscription  of  a 
letter.     I  must,  and  will,  appear  for  these  in  a  good  cause.'  "* 

"The  same  night,"  says  lleamans,  "came  fui-ther  intelligence  from 
the  enemy  in  the  harbor,  that  they  were  making  fireworks  against 
the  ship.'"'  On  this  the  Puritans  "commanded  a  small  ship  of  Captain 
Cut's,  of  New  England,  then  in  the  river,  to  lie  in  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  to  prevent  the  enemy's  coming  forth  in  the  night,  to  work  any 
mischief  against  the  ship.'" 

The  St.  Mary's  men  evidently  looked  upon  the  campaign  as  one  of 
certain  triumph,  and  like  of  Goliath  of  Gath,  before  the  armies  of 
Israel,  they  defied  the  hosts  of  the  Puritans. 

Approaching  on  the  morrow  by  a  narrow  neck  of  land,  near  which 
their  A-essels  were  moored,  the  Cavaliers,  with  sound  of  drum  and  rail- 
ings loud,  called  to  their  enemies:  "Come,  ye  rouges,  come,  ye 
rouges,  round-headed  dogs."  On  this  the  Captain  of  the  Golden 
Lyon  fired  his  fourth  and,"  this  time,  fatal  shot,  killing  one  of  the  St. 
Mary's  men. 

Tlie  day,  the  25th  of  March,  was  the  Sabbath,  but  religion  and 
fighting  are  professions  the  Puritans  always  would  mix.  So  whilst  the 
Governor  was  putting  his  troops  in  martial  array,  the  Puritans  were 
already  in  his  rear.  Their  little  band  of  one  hundred  and  twenty, 
under  Capt.  Wm.  Fuller,  had  marched  out  of  town,  around  tlie  head 
of  Spa  Creek,  a  detour  of  six  miles,  and  now  appeared  behind  the  Gover- 
nor's ai"my. 

*  Leonard  Strong;— in  Bozmiiii's  Mnryl-md,  vol.  2,  p.  524. 


36  "  T  H  E  A  X  C  1  E  X  T  C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

The  sentry  of  the  St.  Mary's  men  fired  the  signal  shot,  when  "Cap- 
tain Fuller  still  expecting,  that,  then  at  least,  possibly  they  might 
give  a  reason  of  their  coming,  commanded  his  men,  upon  pain  of  death, 
not  to  shoot  a  gun,  or  give  the  first  onset,  setting  up  the  standard  of 
the  commonwealth  of  England,  against  which  the  enemy  shot  five  or 
six  guns,  and  killed  one  man  in  the  front  before  a  shot  was  made  by 
the  other.'"  "Then,"  continues  Mr.  Leonard  Strong,  "the  word  was 
given,  ''In  the  name  of  God  fall  on:  God  is  our  strength.'"  '  The  cry 
of  the  St.  Mary's  men  was,  "Met/,  for  St.  Ilarifs.'"  Thus  the  battle  of 
the  Severn  began. 

The  charge  was  fierce,  but  brief.  "Through  the  glorious  presence 
of  the  Lord  of  hosts,"  says  the  same cotemporary author,  "manifested 
in  and  towards  his  poor,  oppressed  people,  the  enemy  could  not  endure, 
but  gave  back  ;  and  were  so  efliectually  charged  home,  tliat  they  were 
all  routed,  turned  their  backs,  threw  clown  their  arms,  and  begged  for 
mercy.  After  the  first  volley  of  shot,  a  small  company  of  the  enemy, 
from  behind  a  great  tree  fallen,  galled  us,  and  wounded  divers  of  our 
men,  but  were  soon  beaten  off.  Of  the  whole  company  of  Marylanders 
there  escaped  only  four  or  five,  who  ran  away  out  of  the  army  to  carry 
news  to  their  confederates.  Capt.  Stone,  Colonel  Price,  Capt,  Gerrard, 
Capt.  Lewis,  Capt.  Kendall,  (probably  Fendall,)  Capt.  Guither,  Major 
Chandler,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  covuicellors,  officers,  and  soldiers  of  the 
Lord  Baltimore,  among  whom  both  commanders  and  soldiers,  a  great 
number  being  Papists,  were  taken,  and  so  were  their  vessels,  arms,  am- 
munition, provisions,  about  fifty  men  slain  and  wounded.  We  lost 
only  two  men  in  the  field,  but  two  died  since  of  their  wounds.  God 
did  ajspear  wondertul  in  the  field,  and  in  the  hearts  of  the  people,  all 
confessing  Him  to  be  the  only  worker  of  this  victory  and  deliverance." 
However  miich  the  Puritans  attributed  the  fate  of  battle  to  the  Al- 
mighty, after  the  contest  was  once  over,  they  laid  aside  His  precepts, 
and  proceeded  to  close  matters  after  their  o\\^l  will.  Doctor  Barber, 
an  author  of  that  period,  writing  in  the  interests  of  the  St.  Mary's 
men,  says:  "After  the  skirmish,  the  Governor,  upon  quarter  given 
him  and  all  his  company  in  the  field,  yielded  to  be  taken  prisoners, 
but,  two  or  three  days  after,  the  victors  condemned  ten  to  death,  and 
executed  four,  and  had  executed  all,  had  not  the  incessant  petition- 
ing and  begging  of  some  good  women  saved  some,  and  the  soldiers 
others  :  the  Governor  himself  being  condemned  by  them  and  since  beg- 
ged by  the  soldiers,  some  being  saved  just  as  they  were  leading  to 
execution," 

Those  who  were  executed,  were  Mr,  William  Bltonhead,  Lieut.  Wm. 
Lewis,  Mr.  Legget,  and  John  Pedro,  a  German.  Gov.  Stone,  though 
his  life  was  spared,  was  treated  with  great  cruelty,  and,  whilst  in 
prison,  suffering  from  a  severe  wound  received  in  the  battle,  neither 
his  friends  nor  his  wife  were  allowed  to  visit  him, 

A  year  after  this  battle,  the  23rd  of  October,  1656,  Lord  Baltimore 
sent  instructions  to  his  Lieutenant  and  Council  in  which  he  required 
the  people  of  Anne  Arundel  to  quietly  and  peacefully  submit  to  his 
Lordship's  Patents  as  he  used  and  exercised  the  same  there  before  the 
troubles  began,  vizt.  in  the  year  1650,  and  according  to  the  advice  of 
the  said  (of  Trade)  committee,  which  had  decided  that  Lord  Balti- 
more was  entitled  to  the  Government  of  the  province  of  Maryland- 
He  added,  "His  Lordship  wills  and  requires  his  said  Lieutenant  and 
Council  that  the  Law  in  the  said  Province  instituted,  An  act  concern- 


HisTORYOF  Annapolis.  37 

ins:  Religion  and  passed  heretofore  there  with  his  Lordship's  assent, 
Whereby  all  Persons  who  profess  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ  have 
Liberty  of  Conscience  and  free  exercise  of  their  religion  there,  be  dnly 
observed  in  the  said  Province  by  all  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  that 
the  penalties  mentioned  in  the  said  act  be  duly  put  in  execution  upon 
any  oifendors  against  the  same,  or  any  part  thereof."* 

The  Province  was  restored  to  Lord  Baltimore  in  March,  1658,  hfir 
Jiavmg  been  deprived  of  it  six  years. 


CHAPTER  X. 
Ql'AKEES   AND    INDIANS   DiSTURB   THE    COLONY. 

[1658.]  Incessant  were  the  disturbances  in  the  colony.  When 
the  Puritans  and  the  State  were  at  peace,  the  Indian  and  the  Quaker 
ruffled  the  Province.  "At  a  Council  held  23  of  Julij,  at  Annarundell 
Present,  The  Governor,  The  Secretary  Col :  Nathaniell  Vtie."  The 
following  proceedings  toolc  phxce  : 

"This  morneing  was  sworne  Of  his  Lordship  Councell  Mr.  Edward 
Lloyd  and  from  the  Councell  went  to  assist  the  Governor  at  the 
County  Court. 

"After  the  Court  was  ended  the  Councell  mett  againe  and  there 
being  then  Present  The  Governor  The  Secretary  Coll :  Xathaniell  Vtie 
Mr.  Edward  Lloyd. 

"Toke  into  consideracon  tlie  insolent  hehaviour  of  som  people 
called  Quakers  who  at  the  Court,  in  contempt  of  an  order  then  made 
&  proclaimed,  would  presumptuously  stand  Covered,  and  not  only  so, 
but  also  refused  to  subscribe  the  engagement  notwithstanding  the  Act 
of  Assembly  in  that  case  provided  alleadging  they  were  to  be  governed 
by  Gods  lawe  and  the  light  within  them  &  not  by  mans  lawe  and  vpon 
full  debate  finding  that  this  thcyr  refusall  of  the  engagement  was  a 
breach  of  the  Articles  of  the  24th  of  March  last,  and  that  theyr  prin- 
ciples tended  to  the  destruction  of  all  Government. 
"Ordered 

"That  all  persons  whatsoeucr  that  were  resideing  within  this  Pro- 
vince on  24th  of  March  1657  should  take  &  subscribe  the  said  engage- 
ment by  the  20th  of  August  next  or  else  dei^art  the  Province  by  the 
25th  of  March  foUoweing  vpon  paine  due  to  Rebbells  «&  Traitors  if 
found  within  this  Province  after  the  said  25th  of  March,  &  that  a 
Proclamacon  be  forthwith  drawne  to  this  effect. 
"Proclamation, 

"By  the  Lieutenant  &  Governor  of  Maryland. 

"Whereas  vpon  the  Surrender  of  the  Government  to  me  his  Lord- 
ship Lieutenant  on  the  24th  of  March  last  past  amongst  other  things  it 
was  then  agreed  that  the  Oath  of  fidelity  should  not  be  pressed  vpon 
the  inhabitants  then  resideing  within  this  Province  but  that  in  place 
*  Archives  of  .Ma  yland.  Council  Proceedings,  p.  325. 


■38  <  '  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

and  stead  thereof  an  engagement  should  be  taken  in  Manner  and 
forme  as  in  those  Articles  (relation  vnto  them  being  had)  more  at 
large  appeareth  And  whereas  l)y  Act  of  this  last  Generall  Assembly 
the  said  Articles  are  confirmed'&  the  said  engagement  by  a  La  we  com- 
manded to  be  taken  To  the  end  tlie  said  Articles  may  be  inviolably  ob- 
served and  that  all  Jealousies  and  fearcs  be  removed  These  are  in  the 
Lord  Proprietarys  name  strictly  to  charge  &  Command  all  persons 
whatsoeuer  to  make  theyr  repaire  to  the  Clarkes  of  the  respectiue 
County  Courts  at  or  before  the  30th  day  of  August  next  ensueing  to 
make  theyr  subscriptions  to  the  said  engagement  or  else  that  they 
provide  themselues  to  depart  this  Pro\-ince  by  the  35th  day  of  March 
next  and  to  declare  that  all  persons  who  shall  refuse  to  subscribe  the 
engagement  -within  the  time  before  limited  and  shall  be  found  in  any 
part  of  this  Province  after  the  25th  day  of  March  aforesaid  shall  be 
proceeded  against  as  Rebbells  &  Traitors  Given  vnder  my  hand  this 
33rd  of  July  1G58.  Josias  Fendall. 

'•At  Councell  held  35  Julij  at  Patuxent  Present  The  Governor  The 
Secretary. 

"Aecording  to  the  Warrant  beareing  date  33nd  Instant  Thomas 
Thurston  was  brought  before  the  Governor,  &  the  said  Thurston  being 
desirous  to  depart  the  Province  the  Governor  Ordered  this  followeing 
Warrant  to  he  drawne  Whereas  Thomas  Thurston  by  himselfo  & 
friends  hath  desired  of  me  that  he  may  passe  vp  to  Annaruudell, 
irom  whence  he  hath  ingaged  himselfe  to  depart  this  Province  by  Mon- 
day next  being  the  second  day  of  August,  vntill  whos  departing  out  of 
this  Province  Josias  Cole  is  to  remaine  as  by  Order  of  Court  Provided 
These  are  therefore  in  the  Lord  Proprietarys  name  to  Will  &  require 
you  not  to  molest  the  said  Thomas  Thurston  during  the  time  limited 
for  his  stay  and  so  soone  as  he  shall  signify  to  you  his  intention  pres- 
ently to  depart  that  you  sett  at  lilierty  the  said  Josias  Cole  Provided 
that  if  they  or  either  of  them  shall  be  found  within  this  Province  after 
the  aforesaid  second  day  of  August  (vnlesse  made  vnaljle  to  depart  by 
sicknes)  they  or  either  of  them  be  apprehended  and  proceeded  against 
according  to  lawe  in  theyr  case  ])rovided  Given  Vnder  my  hand  at  Pa- 
tuxent tins  35th  day  of  July  1658.  Josias  Fendall."     * 

[1605.]  In  1005,  the  Indians  again  became  an  element  of  trouble, 
and  a  Council  that  met  at  St.  Mary's,  June  0th,  1065,  took  "into  de- 
bate some  speedy  way  for  the  prevention  of  the  Indian  Enemyes 
further  incursiones  into  this  province,  And  how  they  may  be  sup- 
pi-essed  for  the  future." 

In  the  levy  for  the  various  counties,  St.  Mary's  had  to  raise  thirty 
men  and  the  like  number  was  required  of  Anne  Arundel.  Capt.  Wil- 
liam Burges,  of  Anne  Arundel,  was  put  in  command  of  the  troop,  and 
he  was  ordered  to  raise  them  by  press  or  otherwise,  with  sufficient  arms 
and  ammunition.  He  was  also  made  Deputy  Commander  of  all  the 
forces. 

The  commission  and  instructions  given  to  Capt.  Burges,  preserved 
ill  the  proceedings  of  the  council, t  give  a  curious  insight  into  the 
state  of  the  colony  regarding  that  still  unsolved  problem — the  Ameri- 
can Indian. 

"The  Commission  Reads  : 

"Charles  Calvert  &c.,  To  Capt.  William  Burges  Greeting  Whereas 

*  Archives  of  Md.  Council  ProepedinKP,  p.  H53. 
t  Arciiives  of  Md.  Council  Prcceedin«.«,  p.  b2'i. 


HistokyopAnnapolis.  39 

Diverse  Forraigne  Indians  have  of  late  Committed  diverse  murders 
vpon  the  people  of  this  Province  and  Committed  diverse  other  Out- 
rages for  repression  of  -ndiich  I  have  thought  fitt  to  raise  a  Competent 
Number  of  Men  Now  Know  Yee  that  I  reposing  espeeiall  confidence  in 
yor  fidelity  Courage  and  Experience  in  Martial!  Affaires  have  Consti- 
tuted Ordained  and  Appointed  and  by  these  presents  doe  Constitute 
Ordaine  and  appoint  yow  Coramandr  in  Cheife  under  mee  of  all  the 
forces  soe  raised  in  St.  ]\Iary's,  Kent,  Charles,  Calvert  and  Anne 
Arundell  Countys  against  the  said  Indians  to  make  warre  and  pursue 
and  by  Gods  Assistance  to  Vanquish  and  Kill  and  Generally  in  all 
things  to  doe  all  or  any  thing  or  thhigs  as  any  Commandr  in  Cheife 
may  or  of  Eight  Ought  to  doe  according  to  such  Instruccons  as  I  haue 
herewith  sent  or  shall  from  time  to  time  send  yow  Given  at  St.  Mary's 
undr  my  hand  and  Scale  this  6th  day  of  June  in  the  34th  yeare  of  his 
Lordps  Dominion  Ouer  this  Prouince  Annoq  Domini  1065. 

Charles  Calvert." 

The  following  were  the  instructions  given  Capt.  Surges  :"•■■ 

"Instructions  directed  by  the  Honble  the  Leiutennt  Generall  Charles 
Calvert  Esqr  &c.,  To  Capt.  William  Burges  and  sent  wth  his  Comcon 
dated  0th  day  of  June  1065. 

"Imprimis  you  are  to  take  Under  yor  Charge  and  Comand  the 
Seuerall  parties  of  men  raised  in  St.  Mary's,  Kent,  Charles  and  Cal- 
vert Countys  as  those  in  Anne  Arundell  Countys  wth  which  men  ac- 
cording to  your  Bes  t  discrecon  and  wth  the  Aduice  and  Consent  of  the 
major  part  of  the  Officers  comanding  in  the  Seuerall  partyes  yow  are 
to  Endeauour  to  find  out  the  Indian  Enemy  in  theire  Quarters  and 
them  by  God's  Assistance  to  Vanquish  or  Otherwise  driue  Out  of  this 
Prouince  or  Otherwise  uppon  the  place  and  Emergent  Occasions  as 
yow  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  aforesaid  shall  finde  it  more  Exped- 
ient and  for  the  safety  of  the  Province  in  Generall  to  keepe  severall 
partyes  ranging  the  woods  as  well  to  the  Head  of  Patuxent  as  Patapsco 
&  Bush  Riners  or  eucn  up  to  the  Utmost  bounds  of  the  Prouince  up- 
pon the  Sasquesahanough  riuer. 

"Secondly  yow  are  to  take  speciall  Care  to  see  yow  men  want  not 
necessary  jirouisiones  for  foode  nor  Amies  nor  Amunicon  and  to  that 
end  yow  are  to  issue  Orders  to  the  Sherriffes  or  other  Officers  next  to 
yow  in  tlie  seuerall  Countyes  where  yow  shall  chance  to  come  in  pur- 
suite  of  yor  Commission  to  presse  any  Armes  Ammunicon  or  Provis- 
iones  Needfull ;  Who  are  to  keepe  exact  and  true  accompts  of  such 
thinges  so  pressed  as  aforesaid. 

"Thirdely  yow  are  to  take  espeeiall  Care  of  the  People  in  Patapsco 
riuer  and  Gunn  Powder  Riuer  and  to  that  end  yow  are  to  keepe  a  Con- 
stant Correspondence  with  yor  Colonell  Lewis  Stockett,  whom,  when 
yow  shall  Chance  to  meet  yow  are  to  Obey  in  all  thinges. 

"Fourthly  To  the  end  all  necessary  assistance  may  be  Given  to  all 
places  in  danger  yow  are  to  giue  notice  of  all  yor  proceedings  and  all 
intelligence  yow  shall  receive  to  me  twice  euery  weeke  and  Oftener  if 
need  be,  and  to  presse  messengers  expressely  to  bring  yor  letters  to 
me  as  also  to  send  yor  intelligence  to  your  Collonell  as  often  as  need 
shall  be,  and  Generally  yow  are  to  presse  Boates  men  or  horses  either 
to  Carry  Baggage  or  to  March  after  the  Ennemy  as  yow  shall  see  Oc- 
<?asion. 

*  Archives  of  Md.  Council  Pr  jr'ef  dings,  p.  524. 


40  ''TheAncientCity.'' 

"Fifthly  Yow  are  to  Associate  with  any  the  friendle  Indians  to  any 
number  yow  shall  finde  most  Contenient  for  the  service  now  in  hand  ; 
but  in  yor  march  or  in  yor  Quarters  yow  are  to  take  speciall  Care  that 
noe  English  doe  Game  or  wrestle  with  any  Indians  so  to  auoid  all  Oc- 
casiones  of  Quarrell. ' ' 

No  war  followed  this  preparation  of  arms,  and,  in  1666,  a  treaty  of 
peace  was  made  with  a  number  of  Indians,  in  which  the  rijjht  was 
conceded  to  the  proprietary  to  appoint  the  emperor  of  the  Indians. 
For  nine  years  tlie  colony  enjoyed  exemption  from  Indian  warfare. 


CHAPTER  XI. 
Colonial  Life. 


Prom  1657  to  1683  there  is  a  lamental)le  gap  in  the  history  of  Provi- 
dence, due,  it  is  beUeved,  to  the  loss  of  the  State's  Records  by  '-the 
removal  of  the  records  and  documents  of  the  province  from  St.  Mary's 
to  Annapolis,  some  of  which  were  greatly  damaged,"  and  to  "the  loss 
of  some  by  the  fire  which  destroyed  the  State  House  in  1704,  whei'e 
they  were  chiefly  deposited."* 

The  chasm  will  be  filled  by  extracts  from  the  journals  of  tlie  General 
Assembly  and  records  of  the  Courts,  from  whose  quaint  proceedings 
and  curious  customs  may  be  gleaned  the  thoughts,  deeds,  and  charac- 
ters of  the  men  who  laid  the  foundations  of  Annapolis. 

Upper  House,  Saturday  28th,  April,  1666. 

[1666.]  "Then  came  a  member  from  the  lower  house,  and  desired 
the  governor,!  from  the  the  whole  lower  house,  not  to  discharge  Ed- 
ward Erbery,  merchant,  from  the  save  of  Bristol ;  in  regard,  they  had 
something  to  object  against  him,  as  well  for  abusing  the  lower  house 
of  Assembly,  as  his  lordship,  last  night. 

"Then  came  a  member  from  the  lower  house,  with  this  paper  follow- 
ing : 

Tuesday,  1st  May,  1666. 

"William  Calvert,  Esq.,  motions  the  house, 

"That,  whereas  there  was  an  abuse  committed  last  night  by  Edward 
Erbery,  to  the  disturbance  of  the  whole  house,  in  their  quiet  and  rest, 
and  the  clerk  of  this  house  informs  that  the  said  Erbery  did  call  the 
whole  house  papists,  rogues,***®  rogues,  «&c.,  which  the  speaker  is 
desired  to  take  notice  of,  and  proceed  therein,  either  by  presentment 
or  otherwise,  as  to  him  shall  seem  best,  and  that  it  be  the  first  thing 
this  house  takes  into  consideration  or  debate. 

"Mr.  Nicholas  Piccard  and  Mr.  Richard  Blunt  informed  the  house 
of  certain  vulgar  and  indecent  expressions  of  Erbery  concerning  the 
lower  house,  and  that  they  were  ashamed  of  the  place  from  whence 
they  came. 

*  Ridgely's  Annals  of  Annapolis,  p.  54. 

t  Archives  of   Maiyland.  Pioeeeiliiiss  ol  Assembly,  p.  55. 


History  OP   Annapolis.  41 

"Mr.  Richard  Hall  says,  that  amongst  a  great  many  other  extrava- 
gant words,  Erbery  said  that  Charles  Calvert  was  a  rogvie. 

"William  Calvert,  Esq.,  saith,  how  that  Erbery,  in  his  hearing,  said, 
we,  viz.  the  assembly,  were  in  company  of  j^itiful  rogues  and  puppies, 
and  there  is  not  one  in  the  country  deserves  to  keep  me  company  but 
Charles  Calvert,  who  owes  me  ten  thousand  pounds  of  tobacco. 

"Mr.  Richard  Smith  informs  this  morning,  when  Erbery  awaked,  the 
Erbery  complained  that  he  was  bound  ;  that  he  remembered  all  that 
he  had  said  last  night,  and  that  he  was  not  drunk  ;  and  in  a  threaten- 
ing manner,  said  he  would  remember  those  that  bound  him. 

"The  abuse  that  Edward  Erbery  gave  to  the  lieutenant-general  and 
this  assembly  last  night,  being  taken  into  consideration,  and  upon  a 
full  debate  thereon,  had  in  this  house,  they  do  judge  the  same  to  be  a 
scandal  to  the  Lord  Proprietor,  to  his  lieutenant-general,  and  to  both 
houses  of  assembly,  and  a  great  reflection  i;pon  the  province  in  gen- 
eral ;  and,  therefore,  unanimously  voted  by  this  house,  that  the  said 
Erbery  be  brought  before  this  house,  to  give  answer  to  the  above  said 
charge,  in  relation  to  those  informations  now  given  in  against  him. 

"Ordered  by  the  speaker  that  Mr.  Edward  Erbery  be  brought  into 
the  sheriff,  &c.' 

"And  taxed  by  the  gpeaker  of  all  those  words  spoken,  who  making 
his  appearance  after  the  charge  being  read  unto  him,  he  answered  that 
he  remembered  none  of  these  words  that  is  alleged,  only  he  confesseth 
that  he  was  in  drink,  and  being  further  taxed  about  the  words  spoken 
this  morning,  (which  were  averred  by  a  member  of  this  house)  he  says 
that  he  remembers  not  that  ever  he  spoken  such  words. 

"Which  answer  being  taken  into  consideration,  the  house  do  judge 
the  same  altogether  unsatisfactory,  and  that  no  person  of  full  age  shall 
take  advantage  by  drunkenness  in  such  case. 

"Whereupon  this  house  do  humbly  present  the  consideration  thereof 
to  the  upper  house,  that  they  would  please  to  signify  to  this  house  their 
resentment  of  the  same,  and  what  they  sliall  judge  further  necessary 
to  be  done  with  the  said  Erbery  as  touching  the  punishment  or  other- 
wise for  this  house's  concured  therewith.' 

"The  upper  house  do  order  that  the  said  Edward  Erbery  be  tyed  to 
an  apple  tree  before  the  house  of  assembly,  and  be  there  publickly 
whipped  upon  the  bare  back  with  thirty-nine  lashes,  and  that  the  sher- 
iff of  St.  Mary's  county  be  commanded  to  apprehend  the  said  Erbery 
and  see  this  order  put  in  execution,  and  that  the  said  Erbery  do  pay 
the  sheriff'  his  fees  before  he  departs  out  of  his  custody  ;  and  further 
ordered,  that  the  said  Erbery  be,  after  he  is  whipped,  brought  into 
both  houses  of  assembly  publickly  to  ask  them  forgiveness. 

(Signed)  John  Gittings,  Clerk." 


"Upper  House,  February  17th,  1G74. 

[1674.]  'Came  into  this  house,  a  petition  of  the  lower  house,  as 
followeth,  viz: 

"To  the  honourable  Charles  Calvert,  Esquire,  Lieutentant  General 
and  Chief  Judge  of  the  Provincial  Court  of  the  Right  Honourable  the 
Lord  Proprietary. 

"The  humble  petition  of  the  Deputies  and  Delegates  of  the  Lower 
House  of  Assembly, 

"Hmnbly  sheweth  to  your  excellency, 


42  "  T  H  E    A  X  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

"That,  whereas  John  Cowman  being  arraigned,  convicte',  and  con- 
demned npon  the  statute  of  the  first  of  King  James  of  England,  &e., 
for  witchcraft,  conjuration,  sorcery,  or  enchantment  used  npon  the 
body  of  Elizabeth  Goodall,  aud  now  lying  under  that  condenniation, 
and' hath  humbly  implored  and  besceched  us,  your  lordshijj's  petition- 
ers, to  mediate  and  intercede  in  his  behaK  with  your  excellency  for  a 
i-eprieve  and  stay  of  execution. 

"Your  excellencie's  petitionersdo  therefore,  accordingly,  in  all  hum- 
ble manner,  beseech  your  excellency  that  the  rigour  and  severity  of  the 
law  to  which  the  said  condemned  makfactor  hath  miserably  exposed 
himself,  may  be  remitted  and  relaxed  by  the  exercise  of  your  excel- 
lency's mercy  and  elemencie  upon  so  wretched  and  miserable  an  object. 

"And  your' petitioners,  as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  pray,  &c.' 

'Upper  House,  February  17th. 
"The  lieutenant-general  hath  considered  of  the  petition  here  above, 
and  is  willing,  upon  the  request  of  the  lower  house,  that  the  con- 
demned malefactor  be  reprieved,  and  execution  stayed,  provided  that 
the  sheriff  of  St.  Maries'  county  carry  him  to  the  gallows,  and  that 
the  rope  being  about  his  neck,  it  be  there  made  known  to  him  how 
much  he  is  beholding  to  the  lower  house  of  assemblie  for  mediating 
and  interceeding  in  his  behalf  with  the  lieutenant-general,  and  that 
he  remain  at  the  city  of  St.  Maries,  to  be  employed  in  such  service 
as  the  governor  and  council  shall  think  fitt,  during  the  pleasure  of 
the  governor." 

The  Quakers,  or  Friends,  who  had  settled  in  Maryland  at  an  early 
period  of  its  estal)lishment,  suffering  under  that  system  of  intoler- 
ance and  i:)rosecutoin  which  prevailed  against  all  dissenters  at  that, 
and  down  to  a  latter  day,  remonstrated  against  the  unjust  laws  of  the 
province  which  debarred  their  testimony  or,  "affirmation,"  "and  sub- 
jected them  to  heavy  penalties  for  refusing  to  take  the  prescribed 
oaths,"  "although  contraiy  to  their  conscience,  and,  in  their  opinion 
the  SavioTir's  positive  injunction,  declared  in  his  sermon  on  the  mount 
'  — 'swear  not  at  all. ' ' '  This  remonstrance  or  petition  appears  iipon  the 
journals  of  the  upper  house  in  1G74,  and  is  as  follows  : 

"Saturday,  23d  May,  1674. 

"Read  in  the  house,  a  petition  exhibited  by  certain  Quakers,  as  fol- 
lows, viz  : 

"I'his  we  do  lay  before  the  governour  and  council  assembly,  in  the 
wisdom  of  God,  to  consider  of,  from  us  who  in  scorn  are  called, 
Quakers. 

'•What  we  can  say  and  do  instead  of  an  oath,  it  is  in  ol^edienceto 
Christ's  command,  that  we  cannot  swear  and  take  an  oath,  and  Christ 
our  Lord  and  Saviour's  command  is,  'I  say  imto  you  swear  not  at  all,' 
Though  in  the  old  time,  they  were  not  to  forswear  themselves,  but 
perform  their  oaths  to  the  Lord  ;  and  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ's  com- 
mand is,  but  let  your  communication  be  yea,  yea,  and  nay,  nay,  for 
whatsoever  is  more  than  these  cometh  of  evil ;  and  St.  .Tanies  saith, 
in  his  general  epistle  to  the  Church  of  Christ,  above  all  things,  my 
bretheren,  swear  not;  neither  by  heaven,  nor  by  the  earth,  nor  by 
any  other  oath  ;  mark,  but  let  your  yea,  be  yea,  and  your  nay,  be  nay, 
least  you  fall  unto  condemnation.  Now.  here  ye  may  see,  that 
Christ  and  apostles  sett  us  yea,  yea,  and  nay,  nay,  over  and  above  an 


_r 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  43 

oath  and  sweai'ing,  and  in  lieu  of  an  oath.  See,  in  oliedience  to  Christ 
and  the  apostles'  command,  it  is,  that  we  do  not,  and  dare  not  swear, 
least  we  should  go  into  the  evil,  and  so  fall  into  condemnation,  as 
Christ  and  the  apostles  saith  before.  But  according  to  Christ  Jesus 
and  the  apostles'  command,  doe  keep  to  yea,  yea,  and  nay,  nay, 
wherein  they  do  double  their  words  to  make  them  of  more  force. 
•Christ  Jesus  to  the  deeiples  and  the  apostles  to  the  church :  and  now, 
if,  that  we  are  called  to  testifie  the  ti'uth,  or  to  serve  in  any  office  or 
place  or  jurie,  if  that  we  do  In-eak  oxir  yea,  yea,  or  nay,  nay,  then  let 
us  suiter  the  same  penalty,  as  they,  that  do  break  an  oath,  or  are  fore- 
sworne.  And  this  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  England,  having  the 
same  penalty  on  the  sa\ne  transgression  ;  for,  in  Jamaica,  their  law  is 
so,  that  our  brethren's  testimony  upon  yea.  yea,  and  nay,  nay,  as 
■Christ  and  as  the  apostles  commanded,  is  taken,  and  the  same  in  the 
same  in  the  acts  and  province  laws  at  Carolina,  and  the  same  in  the 
patent  and  acts  at  Road  Island,  and  the  same  in  the  new  country  of 
Jersey,  is  taken  instead  of  an  oath  ;  which  the  governour  and  his 
coiincil  and  assembly  may,  by  an  act  of  assembly,  let  us  have  the  same 
liberty  here,  as  our  brethren  have  in  other  places,  colonies,  or  pi-ovin- 
ces,  that  we  may  not  be  put  to  inconveniences,  for  you  do  not  know 
what  trouble  often  many  of  lis  are  put  to,  because  we  cannot  swear 
and  take  oath,  and  do  lose  our  rights  and  that  which  is  due  to  us  from 
others,  and  how  we  have  been  made  prey  upon  by  many,  because  we 
cannot  swear,  and  have  lost  much  in  our  estates,  and  cannot  be  so  ser- 
viceal)le  in  our  generation  to  the  country,  as  we  might  be,  and  also 
what  trouble  we  have  had,  who  have  been  overseers  or  executors,  or 
the  like,  that  have  been  intrusted  with  orphans,  fatherless,  and  wid- 
ows' estates  or  wills,  for  want  of  an  oath.  And,  therefore,  you  having 
power  to  remedic  these  things  by  making  an  act,  we  do  lay  them  be- 
fore yoii.  and  that  if  we  do  breake  our  yea,  yea,  or  nay,  nay,  or  what 
we  testifie,  then  let  us  suffer  the  same  punishment  as  they  do  that 
break  their  oaths  or  swear  falsely  ;  and  this  we  are  willing  to  suffer, 
who  profess  faith  in  Christ,  and  would  all  that  profess  the  same,  to 
exercise  a  conscience  void  of  offence  towards  God  and  men.  So  yoix 
may  remove  this  oppression  if  you  please,  and  let  us  have  the  same 
liberty  that  our  friends  and  brethercn  have  in  other  countrys  and  is- 
lands, as  we  are  creditably  informed  ;  whose  hands  are  hereunto  sub- 
scribed in  behalf s  of  our  l^retheren. 

'Wenlock  Christekson,  Jo.  Homeard, 

'William  Perrie,  Ri.  Beard,  &c. 

"Ordered  by  the  house,  that  the  petition  here  above  be  sent  to  the 
lower  house,  and  offered  to  their  consideration. 

"This  petition  was  accordingly  sent  to  the  lower  house,  who  re- 
turned it  with  a  message  requesting  to  be  informed  by  his  excellency 
and  tlie  upper  house,  whether,  in  their  opinion,  the  asseml)ly  had  the 
power  to  alter  the  form  of  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  laws  of  Eng- 
land, in  point  of  evidence  between  the  king  and  his  people,  &c.,  in 
matters  depending  within  the  province,  or  not.  To  which  message, 
the  upper  house  replied,  that  they  had  resolved,  that  the  petition 
should  remain  upon  the  journal  till  further  advice  from  the  Lord  Pro- 
prietary, who  declared  that  he  'formerly  had  intention  of  gratifying 
■the  desire  of  the  said  people,  called  Quakers,  in  that  kind  ;'  but  for 
some  reason  not  mentioned,  his  lordship  desired  'that  all  proceedings 
therein  be,  for  the  present,  suspended.' 


44  ''TheAncientCity." 

"This  highly  respectable  and  long  misnnderstood  society  of  chris- 
tians, were  not  restored  to  the  riglits  and  privileges,  so  moderately, 
but  firmly,  insisted  upon  in  the  foregoing  petition,  until  the  year  1702* 
— when  the  legislature  struck  from  the  statute  books  this  relict  of  in- 
tolerance, "f 

[1671.]  On  the  28th  of  March,  1671,  when  the  Upper  House  had 
met  at  "two  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon,"  it  received  "a  message 
from  the  Lower  House  which  was  their  desire  to  know  whether  the 
Deputys  of  Calvert  county  or  the  deputys  of  Anne  Arundel  county 
ought  to  take  jDlace.  Upon  examination  whereof  this  House  were  of 
ophiion  that  the  Deputys  of  A  me  Arundel  ought  to  have  the  Prece- 
dency and  sent  the  honorable,  the  Secretary  to  satisfy  them  in  that 
particular  with  the  Records  of  their  Commission  constituting  their 
county  Courts.  And  afterwards  this  house  sent  Mr.  Brooks  and  Mr. 
Trueman  to  the  Lower  House  for  their  further  satisfaction  therein. "J 

The  jurisprudence  of  a  nation  and  the  manner  of  its  application  to 
the  causes  which  arise  under  it  are  indices  of  the  moral  and  mental 
status  of  that  people. 

From  yellow  and  dusty  volumes,  MSS.  preserved  among  the  arch- 
ives of  Maryland,  are  taken  the  records  of  some  quaint  trials  which 
throw  a  radia^it  light  upon  those  curious  times. 

[1656.]  In  1656,  the  provinc:  being  under  the  authority  of  the 
commissioners  of  Cromwell,  Judith  Catchpole  was  brought  before  the 
Court  under  a  suspiction  of  having  murdered  her  child.  It  was  "a 
Generall  Provincial  court  Held  at  Patuxent,  September,  22nd,  1656," 
which  heard  the  case  to  determine  if  she  should  be  indicted.  Patux- 
ent was  then  the  name  of  Calvert  county. 

The  Court  was  composed  of  Capt.  Wm.  Fuller,  Mr.  Richard  Pres- 
ton, Mr.  Edward  Lloyd,  Mr.  John  Scott  and  Mr.  Michael  Brooke. 
Judith  denied  even  the  birth  of  the  child,  whereupon  the  court  or- 
dered "a  jury  of  able  women  to  be  impanelled  and  to  give  in  their 
verdict  to  the  best  of  their  judgement  whether  she,  the  said  Judith, 
hath  ever  had  a  child,  or  not." 

The  following  jury  was  selected:  Rose  Smith,  Mrs.  Belcher,  Mrs. 
Chaplin,  Mrs.  Brooke,  Mrs.  Battin,  Mrs  Cannardy,  Mrs.  Bussey,  Mrs. 
Brooke,  Elizabeth  Claxton,  Elizabeth  Potter  and  Dorothy  Day — 
eleven. 

The  testimony  in  the  case,  as  recorded,  was  : 

"James  Jolly,  sworne  examined,  saith  that  l)eing  at  John  Grara- 
mer's,  a  weeke  before  Wm.  Bramhall's  man  died,  the  said  servant  of 
Bramhall  said  that  Judith  Catchpole  cut  a  maid's  sldnn  off  her  throat, 
and  she  never  felt  it,  and  the  saitl  Judith  Catchpole  sewed  the  wound 
up,  againe,  and  further  saith  not." 

"Elizabeth  Norton,  sworne  and  examined,  saith  that  Wra.  Bram- 
hall's servant  that  dyed,  saith  that  Judith  Catchpole,  Cut  the  skinn 
of  a  maid's  throat  when  she  was  asleep,  and  the  said  maid  never  felt 
it,  and  the  said  Judith  sewed  Up  the  wound  againe,  with  a  Needle  and 
thread  ;  and  the  said  servant  said,  if  he  should  divulge  it,  it  would  be 
worse  for  him,  and  further  saith  hot.  That  Wm.  Bramhall's  man 
said  that  Judith  Catclipole  and  he  did  grind  a  knife  Dutch  fashion, 
and  the  said  Judith  prickt  a  seaman  in  the  back  with  it,  a.'  d  she 

*  Act  of  1702,  chapter  1,  sfclion  l^l, 

t  Ridjiely's  Annals. 

t  Areluves  of  Ma  ylanri,  Proceedings  of  Assembly,  r.  210. 


H  I  S  T  0  R  Y   0  F     A  X  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  45 

begged  a  little  grease  of  the  chirurgeou,  and  greased  his  back,  and 
he  stood  up  again  ;  and  the  said  servant  said  that  Judith  was  to  kill 
three  or  four  men  more  and  further  said  not." 

"Andrew  Wilcox  sworne  and  examined,  saith,  that  Mr.  Bramhall's 
man-servant  that  dyed  said  that  when  the  murther  was  done  all  the 
peo])le  and  seamen  in  the  shi]3  were  asleep  ;  and  after  it  was  done 
Judith  Catchpole  and  the  said  servant  of  Wm.  Bramhall  went  up 
upon  the  deck,  and  walked  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  afterward  off  they 
Went,  each  to  their  Lodging  ;  this  being  at  Sea  in  the  middle  of  the 
night,  and  further  saith  not." 

We  the  jury  thereupon  rendered  a  verdict  "The  Jury  of  women, 
before  named,  having  according  to  our  charge  and  oath,  searched  the 
body  of  Judith  Catchpole.  doe  give  in  our  verdict  that  according  to 
our  best  judgment,  that  said  Judith  Catchpole  hath  not  had  any  child 
within  the  time  charged." 

The  court  then  gave  opinion  that,  "Whereas,  Judith  Catchpole, 
servant  to  Wm.  Darrington,  of  this  Province  of  Maryland,  was  apjire- 
hended  and  brought  before  the  court  upon  a  suspicion  of  murdering 
a  child  in  her  voyage  at  sea,  bound  for  this  Province  in  the  ship  Mary 
and  Francis,  who  set  forth  of  Engla-.d  upon  her  intended  voyage  in. 
or  about  October  last,  1655,  and  arrived  in  this  Province  in,  :r  about 
January  following,  and  her  accuser  being  deceased,  and  no  murther 
appearing,  upon  her  examination,  denying  the  fact  ;  was  ordered  that 
her  Ijody  should  l)e  searclit  by  a  jury  of  able  women,  which  being 
done,  the  said  jury  returning  their  verdict  to  this  court  that  they 
found,  tliat  the  said  Judith  had  not  had  any  child  within  the  time, 
charged,  and,  also  it  appearing  to  this  court,  by  severall  testimonies 
that  the  party  accusing  was  not  in  sound  mind,  whereby  it  is  con- 
ceived the  said  Judith  Catchpole  is  not  inditable.  Tne  Court  doth, 
therefore,  order  that  upon  the  reasons  aforesaid  that  she,  the  said  Ju- 
dith Catchpole,  be  acquitted  of  that  charge  unless  further  evidence 
appear. ' ' 

The  court  records  of  this  decade  bear,  in  several  places,  the  name 
an  individual  who  seemed  to  be  one  of  those  characters,  who  furnish 
food  for  courts.  Peter  Godson  is  the  unfortunate  Marylander.  One 
of  the  cases  was  when  Peter  was  sued  for  calling  a  woman  a  witch. 
He  confessed  penitence,  and  escaped,  in  a  measure,  the  meshes  and 
penalties  of  the  law. 

[16G5.]  "At  a  court  holden  the  fifth  day  of  October,  1605,"  it  is 
recorded  that  "Peter  Godson,  being  convicted  of  stealing  n  bodkin 
from  the  wife  of  John  Ilambleton,  and  concealing  the  same  shall  ac- 
cording to  the  Act  of  Assembly,  restore  four  fould  in  silver,  which  is 
four  shillings  and  six  pence,  to  the  defendent,  with  the  charges  of 
court  being  four  hundred  and  six  pounds  of  tobacco." 

In  December  of  the  same  year  Peter  again  appears  in  court.  Thos. 
Ager  complained  "that  he  hath  paid  unto  Peter  Godson  Tobacco  for 
a  cure,  ihe  said  Godson  undertook  to  perform  on  the  said  Ager,  and 
hath  left  him  worse  than  he  found  him.  It  is  ordered, ' '  said  the  Court, 
"that  the  sai  d  Godson  pay  him  his  tobacco  back  againe  except 
he  perform  his  undertaking." 

In  the  succeeding  March,  the  following  proceedings  in  the  case 
were  had  : 

"Whereas,  by  a  former  order,  Peter  Godson  was  iujoyned  to  make 
a  cure  of  Thomas  Ager  or  else  repay  ye  tobacco  which  he  had  received 


46  ''TheAncientCity.'' 

in  satisfaction  of  his  cure,  and  it,  appearing  to  this  Court,  that  the 
said  Godson  hath  not  performed  the  order,  it  is  now  ordered  that  the 
said  Godson  shall  rejiay  the  said  tobacco  which  is  GOOMj  and  caske,  or 
else  execution." 

James  Johnson  for  a  misuse  of  his  tongue  paid  severe  penalties.  At  a 
court  held  July  loth,  1647,  "the  Court  being  informed  of  certaine 
mutinous  speeches  uttered  by  James  Johnson,  aboiit  ye  3d  of  July, 
viz.;  that  he  should  say  unto  Richard  Beiniett,  after  some  discourse 
concerning  the  Government  now  established,  that  he  hoped  within  a 
while,  to  see  a  confusion  of  all  Papistry  here,  and  further  the  said 
James  Johnson  said  that  both  he,  the  said  Ricluird  Bennett  and  yt. 
came  up  with  the  late  Governor  from  Virginia,  (meaning  the  soldiers,) 
were  rogues  ;  for  that  they  had  undone  a  brave  country,  for  had  it  not 
been  for  them,  to  "witt,  the  soldiers,  they  might  have  enjoyed  this 
country,  to  themselves,  (meaning  the  late  Kebells  to  his  Proprietary,) 
and  their  progency  after  them.  And  tlie  said  Richard  Bennett  re- 
plyed,  yt.  there  were  in  the  Governor's  Company  as  lionest  men  as 
himself.  The  said  Johnson  still  persisted  in  it,  saying  that  they  were 
all  rogues  and  he  would  justifie  it,  and,  at  the  same  time  he,  the  same 
.James  Jolmson,  urged  the  said  Bennett  to  go  downe,  and  certifie  the 
Governor  of  these  speeches,  saying  that  if  he  should  complaine  to  the 
Governor  against  him,  he  regarded  it  not,  for  he  cared  noe  more  for 
the  Governor,  (meaning  Mr.  Greene,)  then  he  did  for  any  of  tlic  rest. 
Also,  at  the  same  time,  speaking  concerning  Capt.  Hill,  he  wished 
thatCapt.  Hill  would  come,  and  re-assume  the  government,  affirming 
that,  if  Cajit.  Hill,  were  come,  and  yt.  he.  the  sjiid  James  Johnson 
could  sec  Capt.  John  Price,  pressing  soldiers  to  resist  the  said  Capt. 
Hill,  and  not  above  two  others  in  his  company,  he  would  shott  liim, 
(meaning  Capt.  Price. )  All  which  being  proved  by  the  oatli  of  Richard 
Bennett,  the  Court  judged  that  he  should  be  fined  in  2,0001b  tobacco, 
and  to  be  whipped  with  thirty  lashes.  And  to  remain  in  the  Sheriff's 
hands,  till  the  Corporall  punishment*  be  exequuted,  and  to  put  in 
security  for  ye  payment  of  the  said  fine. 

"Warrant  to  the  Sheriff  to  see  sentence  exequuted  to-morrow  in  the 
evening. ' ' 

[1654.]  Mrs.  Brooks  for  an  amiable  piece  of  gossip  among  her  ac- 
quaintances, was  called  to  answer  "at  a  court  holden  for  the  Province 
of  Maryland,  16th  of  Oct.,  1654." 

The  "first  witness  Mr.  Geo.  Newman,  testified  he  "heard  IMrs.  Brooks 
relate  that  she  heard  Mrs.  Goulson  had  beaten  her  maid  two  hour  by 
the  dock,  and  there  were  that  would  take  their  oath  that  it  was  aii 
hour  and  a  half  hy  the  clock." 

"Margaret  Prichard,  aged  twentie  yeares  or  thereabouts,"  deposed, 
"that  this  Deponent  heard  Mrs.  Brooks  say  that  Mrs.  Goulson  had 
beaten  her  maid  two  hours,"  following  that  with  the  significant  at- 
testation, "by  the  clock."  Unhke  the  inattentive  and  poetical  New- 
man, Margaret  had  not  to  say  that  Mrs.  Brooke  related  "there,  were 
that,"  who  could  make  a  certain  oath  that,  and  so  forth,  but  she  could 
swear  to  the  person,  and  give  a  longer  period  to  Mrs.  Goulsoia's  active 
episode  in  her  household  duties.  She  testified  that  Mrs.  Brooks 
further  said  :  Elizebeth  Tennis  would  take  her  oath  that  it  was  two 
hours  and  a  half,"  but  the  important  "by  the  clock,"  was  not  vouch- 
safed by  tliis  deponent.  Elizebeth  heard  more  ;  Margaret  had  fin- 
islied  up  with  a  delicious  titbit  of  gossij)  respecting  the  conjugal  rela- 


II  ]  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    A  N  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  47 

tioiis  of  hci-  uiiinereiful  acquaintance.  Mavjraret  farther  continued 
her  deposition  V)y  testifying  that  "Elizabeth  Tennis  should  say"  that 
the  exasperated  lord  of  Mrs.  Goulson,  "tore  the  hair  of  his  head  and 
wisht  that  she.  the  said  Mrs.  Groulson  would  kill  the  self-same  maid, 
that  she  might  never  kill  more." 

This  record  follows: — "That,  whereas,  Mrs.  Brooks  reported  that 
Sarah  Goulson  unlawfully  punished  her  raaid-serrant,  which  cannot 
he  proved.     It  is  ordered  that  Mrs.  Brooks  shall  pay  the  charges." 

Thus  the  slanderer  received  her  reward. 

[1G48.]  Itsdignity  our  provincial  courts  jealously  guarded.  Swearing 
at  its  sessions  was  punished,  and  jierjury  before  it,  it  would,  in  no 
wise,  countenance,  as  is  attested  by  the  sentence  of  one  John  Gonoore 
who  was  found  guilty  of  this  latter  crime,  "att  a  court  held  at  Henry 
Morgan's  att  Kent  22nd  Jan'y,"  sometime  about  1648. 

Thomas  Matthews  in  behalf  of  the  Lord  Proprietary  complained 
"against  John  Gonoore,  that  Ijeing  called  to  answer  upon  his  oath, 
not  haveing  the  feare  of  God  afore  his  eyes,  he  answered  falsely  and 
and  against  his  knowledge,  whereby  he  committed  a  willfuU  perjury, 
wherefore  the  said  Thos.  jNIatthews  requireth  in  the  behalf  of  the 
said  Lord  Proprietary,  the  said  Goonore  to  l)e  brought  to  condine 
punishment. 

"John  Goonore  not  having  anything  to  say  for  his  defence,  more 
than  that  it  was  the  first  time  he  ever  committed  the  like  offence. 
The  Court  adjudged  him  to  be  nailed  by  both  ears  to  the  Pillory  with 
nailes  in  each  eare,  and  the  nails  to  be  slitt  out,  and  afterwards  to  be 
whipped  with  20  good  lashes.  Aiirl  fhi-s  fo  be  exequufed  immediately 
before  any  other  biisine.s.'i  of  Court  he  proceeded  upon.^' 

The  following  curious  trial  is  found  in  Liber  S.  Folios  297  and  298, 
of  the  Provincial  Court  of  Maryland  : 

[1659.]  "Whereas  John  Wasiiington,  of  Westmoreland  county,  in 
Virginia,  hath  made  complaynt  against  -Edward  Prescott,  merchant, 
accusing  ye  said  Prescott  of  felony  unto  ye  Governor  of  this  Province. 
Alleging  how  that  thee  ye  said  Prescott,  hanged  a  witch  in  his  ship, 
as  hee  was  outwards  bound  from  England  hither  ye  lastyeare.  L^ppon 
wliich  complaynt  of  ye  said  Washington,  ye  Governor  caused  ve  said 
Edward  Prescott  to  bee  arrested  ;  Taking  bond  for  his  appeai'ance  at 
tills  Provinci;xll  Court,  of  4,000tbs  tobacco.  Giving,  moreover,  notice 
to  ye  Siiid  Washington,  by  letter,  of  his  proceedings  therein,  a  copie 
of  which  bond,  with  ye  sjiid  Washington's  answere  thereto  are  as  fol- 
lowcth : 

"Mr.  Washington, 

"Uppon  your  complaynt  to  me  that  Mr.  Prescott  did  in  his  voyage 
from  England  hither,  cause  a  woman  to  bee  executed  for  a  witch,  I 
have  caused  him  to  bee  apprehended  up]>on  suspition  of  felony,  and 
iloe  intend  to  bind  him  over  to  ye  Provincial  Court  to  answere  it ; 
where  I  doe  allso  expect  you  to  bee,  to  make  good  your  charge.  Hee 
will  be  called  upon  his  tryall  ye  4th  on  5th  of^  October  next,  att  ye 
court  to  bee  hold  then  att  Patunent,  neare  Mrs.  FPenwick's  house  ; 
where  I  suppose  you  will  not  fayle  to  bee.  Whitnesses  examined  in 
Virginia  will  be  of  no  vallew  there  in  this  case,  for  they  must  bee 
face  to  face  with  ye  party  accused,  or  they  stand  for  nothing.  I 
thought  good  to  acxuaynt  with  this,  that  you  may  not  come  unpro- 
vided. 


48  '  '  T  H  K   A  X  C  I  E  >■  T    C  I  T  V  .  '  ' 

"This  at  present    Sr.  is  all  from 
"Your  Friend, 
"Josiat  Fendell, 

"29th  September." 

"Humble  Sir, 

"Yours,  of  this  39th  instant,  this  day  I  received.  I  am  sorry,  yet 
my  extraordinary  occassions  will  not  permit  me  to  be  at  ye  next  Pro- 
vi'nciall  Court  to"  be  held  in  Maryland  ye  4  of  this  next  month.  Be- 
cause then,  God  willing,  1  intend  to  g-et  my  youn.<r  sone  baptized,  all 
ye  eomi)any  and  gossips  being  all  ready  invited.  Besides  in  this  short 
time  witnesses  cannot  be  got  to  come  over.  But  if  Mr.  Prescott  be 
bound  to  answer  at  ye  next  Pro\-incialI  Court  after  this.  I  shall  do 
what  lyeth  in  my  power  to  get  them  ouer.  Sir,  I  shall  desire  you  for 
to  acquaint  me  wheather  Mr.  Prescott  be  bound  over  to  try,  next 
Court,  and  when  yr  court  is,  that  I  may  have  some  time  for  to  provide 
evidence.     And  so  I  rest 

"Your  Friend  &  Servant, 

"John  Washington, 

"oO  September  1659. " 

"To  which  complaynt  of  John  Washington,  ye  said  Edward  Pres- 
cott, (submitting  himself  to  his  tryall,)  dcnyeth  not  but  that  there 
was  one  Elizabeth  Richardson,  hanged  in  his  ship,  as  he  was  outward 
bound  ye  last  year  from  England,  and  comming  for  tliis  Province, 
near  unto  ye  Western  Islands,  by  his  master  and  company,  (he  having 
appointed  one  John  Greene,  for  ye  voyage  master,  thouglit  himself 
was  both  merchants  and  owner  of  ye  ship,)  but  further  sayth,  that 
be  understood  ye  proceedings  of  his  said  master  and  company,  and 
protested  against  in  that  business.  And  that  there  upon  both  ye 
master  and  company  were  ready  to  mutiny. 

"And  it  appearing  in  y^-  court  by  ye  printed  custom  house  dis- 
charge, and  light  house  bills  or  acquittances  produced  and  shewn  liy 
ye  said  Edward  Prescott,  taken  or  given  in  John  Greene's  name,  that 
ye  said  Green  was  master  for  ye  voyage,  and  not  Edward  Prescott, 
and  no  one  coming  to  prosequnto.  Ye  said  Prescott,  therefore  prays 
that  hee  may  be  acquitted. 

"Edward  Prescott,  prisoner  at  ye  bar,  upon  suspition  of  felony. 
stated  upon  his  acquittal.  If  any  person  can  give  evidence  against 
him,  let  him  come  in,  for  the  prisoner  otherwise  will  be  acquitted. 

"And  no  one  appearing,  ye  prisoner  is  acquitted  by  the  Board." 


CHAPTER  XII. 

Ax  INDISCREET  Represent  ATI  VE  from  Anne 
Arundel. 

[1662.]  The  early  annals  of  the  province  of  Maryland  preserve,  as 
representatives  of  Anne  Arundel  in  the  General  Assembly,  the  names 
of  many  families  still  to  be  found  within  the  borders  of  this  interest- 
ing county.  In  1662.  Anne  Arundel  was  represented  by  Robert  Burle, 
Richard  Beard,  and  Ralph  Hawkins. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  49 

The  former  became  engaged  in  <a  serious  difficulty  by  the  indiscreet 
use  of  his  pen,  as  will  appear  by  t!ie  following  extracts  from  the 
journal  of  proceedings  of  the  General  Asseml)ly  :* 

"Wednesday,  the  2d  of  April.  Then  was  taken  into  consideration 
a  certain  paper,  endorsed  'To  the  worshij)ful,  the  burgesses  tor  this 
present  Assembly,  holden  for  Maryland.  The  declaration  of  :;overal 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Anne  Arundel  county,  which,  as  bearing  no 
date,  nor  being  subscribed  by  any  jierson  whosoever,  was  put  to  the 
vote  whether  it  were  a  lil;)el  yea,  or  no.' 

"Voted  liy  the  House  that  it  is  a  libel,  containing  scandalous  and 
seditious  expressions,  tending  to  the  utter  subversion  and  overthrow 
of  tlie  legislative  power  of  this  province,  residing  in  the  Lord  Proprie- 
tary and  both  houses  of  Assembly,  and,  that  it  be  sent  to  the  lower 
house  who  are  desired  to  join  with  this  liouse  in  the  searcliing  t)utand 
centunng  the  author.  "Ordered,  that  Mr.  Daniel  Jenifer,  messer  ~er^ 
be  sent  from  this  house  to  the  lower  house,  to  present  that  seditious 
paper  published  at  Anne  Arundel,  with  the  vote  of  this  lioiisi,  :Dr 
their  concurrence." 

"Tliursday,  the  3rd  of  April. 

"Then  the  Lower  House  returned  the  seditious  pamphlet  sent  by 
the  Upper  House  to  them  together  with  the  vote  of  this  house,  en- 
dorsed on  the  Imek  side  : 

"Assented  to  by  the  lower  house.     William  Bretton,  clerk. 

"And  further  informed  this  house  that  as  a  member  of  that  liouse,  by 
name  Robert  Burle,  did  acknowledged  that  paper  would  i-eflect  upon 
him,  and  that  therefore  the  Lower  House  did  desire  that  that  member 
might  be  suspended  from  voting  as  a  member  till  he  had  purged 
himself. 

"Unanimously  voted  by  the  Upjter  House  that  that  person,  viz: 
Robert  Burle.  should  be  suspended  from  sitting  till  he  had  purged 
himself,  and  that  this  vote  lie  seat  to  the  said  Burle. 

"Then  came  two  memliers  of  the  Lower  House,  and  said  that 
the  Lower  House  desired  that  Robert  Burle  might  be  forthwith  tried. 

"Ordered,  That  a  conference  be  dfesired  immediately  with  the 
Lower  House. 

"At  a  conference  the  Upper  House  did  satisfy  the  Lower  House, 
that  Robert  Burle  is  not  to  lie  tried  liy  an  assembly,  but  at  a  Provin- 
cial Court  regularly. 

"Friday,  the  4th  of  April. 

"Then  came  Robert  Burle  and  preferred  the  following  petition  and 
acknowledged  his  hearty  sorrow  for  his  faults  concerning  the  mutinous 
and  seditious  expressions  in  the  libel  contained,  which  he  penned  and 
was  published  at  Anne  Arundel 

"To  the  Right  Honorable,  the  Lieutenant  General  and  to  the  Hon- 
orable Philip  Calvert,  Esq.,  Councellor,  and  to  the  Honored  Council. 

"The  humble  petition  of  Robert  Burle,  showeth, 

"That  whereas  your  petitioner  is  adjudged  by  your  honors  and  by 
the  Burgesses  to  have  committed  great  transgression,  and  tliat  of  a 
high  nature,  which  he  hath  committed  inconsiderately  through  in- 
firmity and  weakness,  for  which  he  declareth  himself  to  be  heartily 
sorry  and  humbly  prayeth  your  honors  to  pardon  and  to  pass  by  his 
great  offence  and  conceiving  himself  to  be  the  first  offender  since  his 

*  Archives  oC  Md.  Piviceeii  iiiL,'.^^  of  Assembly,  p.  427. 

4 


50  "TheAscientCity.'' 

Lordship's  arrival,  humbly  praveth  for  ford  veness  which  maybe  for 
tlie  Honor  of  liis  Lop.t  and  shall  engage  your  petitioner  to  better 
fidelity,  loyalty,  and  faithful  obedience,  and  shall  ever  engage  the  pe- 
titioner to  pray  for  your  honor's  prosperity. 

'•Ordered,  That  tire  said  Burle  do  forthwith  go  to  the  Lower  House 
and  ask  pardon  for  liis  fault,  and  that  the  clerk  of  the  Lower  House 
be  desired  to  see  his  submission  recorded  in  their  journal. 

'•The  Lower  House  sent  to  desire  to  know  whether  Robert  Burle 
might  be  admitted  to  sitt  with  them  again. 

''The  Lieutenant  General  left  it  to  their  discretions." 

The  exact  contents  of  this  paper  are  not  preserved.  It  is  apparent 
the  Lower  House  concluded  to  lot  Mr.  Burle  remain  a  member  of  that 
body,  as  his  name  appears  among  the  list  of  delegates  prefixed  to  the 
acts"  of  assembly  of  the  session  of  1GG2. 

t  Loidfihip. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

The  Courageous  Spiiiit  of  the  Maryland 
Settleks. 

[1081."1  It  was  not  alone  in  the  tented  field  that  that  courageous 
spirit,  which  has  always  characterized  Marylanders,  was  evinced  by 
our  early  settlers,  but  in  tvery  position  where  manly  deeds  and  noble 
words  were  required,  the  hardy  adventurers  proved  themselves  men 
worthy  of  the  stock  from  whence  they  came. 

Over  and  over  again  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  the  lower  house 
especially,  showed  a  determined  opposition  to  the  encroachments  of 
the  proprietary  upon  their  just  rights  and  liberties,  and  evinced  that 
determination  in  so  marked  a  manner  that  proprietaries  were  com- 
pelled to  submit  to  their  imperative  demands. 

This  determination  to  yield  no  rights  and  to  urge  no  unnecessary 
privileges  was  strongly  portrayed  by  the  proceedings  of  the  Assembly 
which  met  in  August,  1681.  On  calling  the  roll,  there  appeared 
twelve  vacancies  in  the  lower  house.  The  house  thereupon  addressed 
the  Lord  Proprietary  requesting  him  to  appoint  some  officer,  to  whom 
the  speaker  of  their  house  might  direct  his  warrants,  to  cause  these 
vacancies  to  be  filled;  until  whicli  "they  humbly  conceived  them- 
selves greatly  incapacitated  to  act  and  do  projtortionable  to  the  great 
trust  reposed  in  them,  and  sufficiently  to  consult  the  graiul  and 
weighty  affairs  of  the  province."  The  address  also  complained  about 
his  lordship  having  called  but  two  members  from  each  county  when 
four  should  have  been  called. 

His  lordship  asked  the  presence  of  the  lower  house.  On  entering 
the  upper  house,  the  Lord  Proprietary  said  :  "That  by  his  proclama- 
tion, by  which  they  were  now  called,  the  law  for  four  delegates  is  suffi- 
ciently dissented  to,  and  that  otherwise,  he  would  gratify  their  re- 


History  ofAnnapolis.  51 

qiiest  ill  issuing  out  writs  for  filling  up  vaccxncies."  The  lower  house 
was  then  i-cquested  to  unite  with  the  upper  house,  with  their  members 
then  i)rescnt,  and  to  proceed  to  business. 

The  lower  house  refused.  Thereupon  the  Proprietary  agreed  that 
writs  might  be  issued  for  supplying  the  vacancies  for  the  present, 
provided  the  lower  house  would  acknowledge  it  as  a  favor  from  his 
lordship,  and  so  enter  it  upon  the  journals. 

Seeing  the  opportunity  by  a  stroke  of  policy  to  secure  a  principle, 
the  lower  house  consented  to  make  this  entry  on  their  journal,  and  to 
agree  to  the  election  of  two  representatives  from  each  county,  jjro- 
vided  his  lordship  would  consent  that  in  all  future  vacancies,  the 
speaker  should  have  the  right  to  issue  his  warrant  to  the  secretary  of 
the  province  to  order  elections  to  fill  such  vacancies  ;  otherwise  they 
declared  their  unanimous  resolution,  "to  stand  to,  and  not  to  recede 
from  the  substance  of  their  address,  "and  for  the  right  of  their  speaker 
to  issue  his  warrant  in  case  of  vacancies,  and  that  they  had  "made  all 
the  condesccntions  they  can,  without  apparent  violation  of  their 
privileges,"  and  they  hoped  that  the  upper  house  would  concur 
therehi.  The  upper  house  refused  to  grant  this  authority  which  they 
thouglit  •  'aimed  at  things  wholly  new  and  unheard  of  in  this  province. ' ' 

The  lower  house  answered  this  by  declaring  it  a  "'denyalof  the  just 
and  reasonable  proposalls  of  this  house  for  the  future  election  of 
deputies.  &e.,"  and  passed  a  unanimous  vote,  ''that  it  was  the  un- 
dou))ted  jM-ivilege  of  this  house,  that  the  speaker  of  this  house  issue 
hii  warrants,"  &c.,  and  considered  it  '"a  very  unsafe,  ill  precedent  to 
proceed  any  further  in  the  business  of  the  session,  and  request  his 
lordshij)  to  api)oint  some  person  to  whom  said  warrants  should  be 
directed." 

Tlie  chancellor  thereujion  was  sent  by  his  lordship  to  tlie  lower 
hotise  to  acquaint  them  "that  he  cannot  but  wonder  how  the  lower 
house  of  assembly  assume  to  themselves  a  power  here  that  is  not  only 
new  to  us,  and  unheard  of  before  in  this  province,  but  not  practiced 
in  Virginia.  Barbadoes.  or  any  other  of  his  majesties  plantations,"  &c. 

"His  majesty  hath  the  sole  power  to  dispose  of  his  conquests  upon 
tcrnas  he  jileases,  &c.,  and  desired  to  know  their  positive  answer, 
whetlier  they  would  join  them  in  the  dispatch  of  l)usiness,  promising 
if  they  would,  he  would  immediately  issue  writs  to  fill  up  the  house 
with  four  delegates  from  each  county." 

The  lower  house  resolved,  that  if  his  lordship  caused  writs  to  issue 
as  j)romised,  that  t.;ey  would  "proceed  upon  such  matters  as  shall  be 
recommended  to  them  from  his  lordship."  But  at  the  same  time,  they 
asserted  "their  rights  and  privileges,  rather  from  the  rules  of  England 
than  the  imperfect  proceedings  of  the  nominated  colonies,  the  first 
being  our  inherent  right — yea,  and  birthright,  though  born  in  this 
provhice. 

"To  liken  us  to  a  conquered  people,  we  take  very  heavily,  and  wish 
we  had  not  heard,  and  do  wonder  it  should  pass  the  upper  house. 
But,  if  the  word  conquest  intends  that  we  are  subjects  to  arbitrary 
laws  and  impositions,  then  we  humbly  take  leave  lo  believe  that 
they  are  not  Ms  lordship's  words,  but  the  result  of  strange,  if  not 
evil  council. 

"That  his  majesty  has  reserved  for  us  the  rights  and  privileges  of 
Englishmen,  is  that  we  iuoist  upon." 


53  ''TheAncientCitt.'' 

The  Lord  Proprietary,  in  reply  to  the  last  message  from  the  lower 
house.  tli?claimed  any  intention  to  liken  the  freemen  of  Maiyland  to  a 
conquered  people,  or  subjeco  to  arbitrary  laws  or  impositions,  and 
hopes  that  they  may  no  way  deserve  that  severe  refieetion.  and  assures 
thein  that  he  had  always  "been  ready  to  oblige  and  show  his  kindness, 
to  t.\e  good  people  of  this  province  :"  and,  as  a  further  testunony  of 
it,  f.ates  his  willingness  to  issue  writs  as  desired,  if  the  lower  h  use 
will  isk  it  of  him  "as  a  thing  that  will  oblige  (at  this  time)  ^the  in- 
habiiants  of  this  province,  of  whom  they  are  representatives," _&c. 

Thi  lower  house  accordingly  made  the  request,  stating  thtir  will- 
ingness "to  leave  off  all  disinitatlons  about  words,"  saying,  it  -'will 
be  a  matter  cf  great  content  and  rejoicing  among  to  the  good  people 
of  thiti  province,"  &c.* 

Thu:i  the  "freemen  of  Maryland,"  as  they  were  called,  proved 
theifiseives  worthy  of  their  honorable  title,  and  gave  abundant  evi- 
dence ol  that  love  of  liberty  and  courage  to  enjoy  it  which  have  cr.ar- 
acterized  the  English  speaking  race,  at  all  times,  the  world  over. 

'  Ki.iu  'ly's  Ahum!,*  tif  Anu.ipoli?^,  i--.  8() 


CHAPTER  XIV. 
Proviuexce  Changed  to  "The  Town,  at  Proctor's." 

[1683.]  Providence  seems  to  have  changed  its  name  sometime  he- 
tween  1650  and  1683,  for  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  last 
named  year,  chap.  V,®  it  .vas  spoken  of  as  "The  Town  at  Proctor's," 
and  made  a  port  of  entry  of  the  province. 

The  commissioners  appointed  by  this  act  to  execute  its  powers  were, 
soii.etirae  before  the  25th  of  March,  1684.  to  meet  on  the  respective 
lands,  and  to  agree  with  and  purchase  of  tne  owners  100  acres  of  con- 
venient lands,  and  cause  the  same  to  l)e  surveyed,  marked  and  stake  '' 
out,  and  divided  into  convenient  streets,  lanes,  and  alleys,  with  open 
places  to  be  left  tor  erecting  church,  chapel,  market-house,  or  other 
public  buildings,  and  the  remaining  part  of  the  said  100  acres,  to 
divide  into  100  equal  lots,  marked  on  posts.  1,  2,  3,  &c.,  to  100,  of 
which  the  owner  of  the  land,  to  have  his  first  choice  for  one  lot.  No 
person  to  purchate  more  than  one  lot,  during  lour  months  after  the 
2oth  of  March,  1684,  and  the  lots  to  be  purchased  by  the  inhabitants 
of  the  con  ty  only.  But  if  not  taken  up  by  them  within  the  said 
four  months,  tnen  to  be  free  to  any  person  whatsoever,  to  take  up  the 
same,  paying  the  owner  proportionably. 

If  the  owners  refused,  or  were  disabled  by  legal  incapacity  to  sell, 

the  co'cmissioners   were  empowei'ed   to    issue  their  warrant  to  the 

sheriff,  to  summon  a  jury  to  value  the  lands,  and  the  damage  by  them 

assessed,  was  to  be  paid  to  the  owners,  by  the  parties  taking  up  lots,  in 

iroportion  to  theii-  lots. 

*  Bmcoh  s   Lriw.-. 


History  o  f   Annapolis.  53 

The  eoniinissioners  were  empowered  to  summon  the  Surveyor-Gen- 
erai,  or  liis  Deputy,  in  the  county,  to  survey  and  layout  the  "100 
acres  aforesaid,"  and  to  mark  and  stake  out  the  same  into  100  equal 
lots,  with  st -eets. 

After  such  survey,  laying-out,  and  valuations,  any  lerson  making 
choice  of  a  lot.  and  making-  entry  theieof,  with  the  person  appointed 
by  the  commissioners,  to  keep  tlie  book  of  entries,  and  paying  or  giv- 
ing security  for  payment  of  such  sum,  a's  should  be  by  direction  of  the 
commissioners,  rated  upon  such  lot,  and  payable  to  the  owner  of  the 
land,  and  building  on  such  lot  one  sufficient  twenty  foot  square  house, 
at  the  least,  liefore  the  last  day  of  August,  1685,  each  respective  lot 
to  be  held  of  the  Lord  Proprietary,  his  heirs  forever,  under  the  yearly 
rent  of  on-  penny  current  money,  for  each  respective  lot ;  the  same, 
or  any  other  manner  of  settlement  or  building  thereon,  according  to 
the  directions  of  I  he  act,  was  to  invest  the  said  taker-up  and  builder 
with  an  estate  of  inheritance  in  the  said  lot  to  him,  his  heirs,  and  as- 
signs forever.  And  also,  upon  tender  of  payment  and  refusal,  the 
said  buildings  as  aforesaid,  with  proof  of  such  tender  avd  refusal,  were  to 
be  binding  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  against  the  said  parties  so  re- 
fusing, their  heirs,  &c. 

The  conunissioners  for  each  respective  county,  named  in  this  act, 
were  to  appoint  a  person  to  keep  a  book,  wherein  to  enter  down  each 
man's  choice  of  any  respective  lot. 

Tlie  Surveyor's  fee  was- to  be  80Ibs.  of  tobacco  for  each  lot,  to  be 
paid  liy  the  taker-up. 

In  case  the  taker-uj)  of  any  lot  should  refuse  or  neglect  to  build 
within  the  time  by  this  act  appointed,  any  person  whatsoever,  might 
take  up  the  same,  paying  the  tobacco  first  set  on  such  lot,  to  tlie  com- 
missioner of  the  county,  or  to  the  person  by  them  appointed  to  receive 
the  same,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  said  town,  provided  such 
second  taker-up  begin  to  build  such  house,  as  was  limited  in  the  act 
within  one  month  after  such  his  entry,  and  finish  the  same  within  six 
months,  which  house,  so  built,  should  give  and  settle  an  estate  of  in- 
heritance to  him  and  liis  heirs  forever,  on  said  lot. 

Lots  not  taken  up  in  five  years  were  to  revert  to  their  original 
owners  "as  in  their  first  and  former  estate." 

All  ships  and  vessels  trading  with  the  province,  after  August,  1685, 
were  required  to  "unload  their  respective  goods  and  merchandise  at 
such  towns,  ports  and  i:)laces  only,"  as  were  in  the  "act  before  set 
down  and  appointed,  on  penalty  of  forfeiting  all  such  goods  and 
merchandizes  by  them  landed,  at  any  other  places  whatsoever,  one- 
third  to  his  lordship,  one-third  to  the  benefit  of  the  next  adjacent 
town  in  tae  county  where  such  offence  shall  be  committed,  and  one- 
third  to  the  informer. 

No  mercliant,  factor,  mariner,  or  other  person,  trading  into  the 
province,  whether  foreigiier  or  inhabitants,  Avas  allowed  to  traffic, 
sell,  or  barter  away  any  goods  but  at  some  of  these  legally  appointed 
ports  and  towns.  l;»ut  it  was  allowed  for  workingmen's  wages  to  be 
I)aid,  and  the  inhabitants  were  permitted  to  buy  at  their  own  planta- 
tions, necessary  provisi:iis  for  their  families,  with  any  goods,  &e., 
bought  at  any  the  ports,  or  with  goods  by  them  purchased,  imported, 
and  landed  at  any  of  the  ports. 

All  goods  and  wares,  of  the  growth,  production,  or  manufacture  of 
the  province,  intended  for  exportation,  had  to  be  brought  to  one  of 


54  '  '  '  T  H  E    A  X  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

these  ports  for  shipment,  and  all  store-liouse  keepers,  having  room  for 
storage,  were  required  under  penalty,  to  allow  goods  brought  for  ex- 
portation to  be  stored,  under  rent  of  10  11)8.  of  tobacco  per  hogshead. 
The  store-house  keeper  acted  by  tliis  receipt  of  goods  as  insurer  of 
the  goods,  casualties  by  fire  excepted. 

"This  effort  to  enlarge  the  "Town  at  Proctors,"  it  appears,  jiroved 
futile,  for,  in  1694,  commissioners,  wdth  similar  powers,  to  those  given  in 
the  act  of  1G88,  were  re-appointed  to  do  these  'first  works  over  again." 


CHAPTER  XV. 

The  I^[^EACHMENT  of  Major  Tiio^rAS  TRr:^rAN. 

[1675.]  The  Siisquehannock  Indians,  at  one  time  one  of  the  most 
powerful  tribes  in  Maryland,  had  to  retreat  before  the  advance  of 
the  ferocious  Senecas,  and,  in  1675,  the  former  located  themselves  in 
the  coun'try  of  the  Piscattoways  at  the  head  of  tlie  Potomac. 

Several  murders  having  been  committed  by  these  Indians.  i\Iary- 
land  and  Virginia  united  in  sending  a  force  against  them.  Tlie  troops 
invested  a  fort  occupied  by  the  Siisquehannocks,  from  which  during 
the  course  of  the  siege,  five  Indian  chiefs  were  induced,  under  offers 
of  friendship  and  promises  of  protection,  to  come  into  the  colonial 
camp,  in  which  they  were  treacherously  murdered. 

This  base  condvict  aroused  the  indignation  of  the  jieople  of  Mary- 
land, and  Major  Truman  was  impeached  and  ti'ied  for  murder  in  1676. 

The  first  article  of  impeachment  declared  : 

"Articles  against  major  Thomas  Truman  exliiVuted  by  the  lower 
house  of  assembly  to  the  right  honourable  the  Lord  Proprietary,  and 
iipper  house  of  Assembly.® 

"We,  your  lordship's  most  humble,  true,  faithful  and  oljedicnt  peo- 
ple, the  Irargesses  and  delegates  in  your  lower  house  of  assembly,  be- 
ing constrained,  by  necessity  of  our  fidelity  and  conscience,  in  vindi- 
cation of  the  honour  of  God,  and  the  honour  and  welfare  of  your 
lordship  and  this  province,  do  complain  and  shew  that  the  said  major 
Thomas  Truman,  late  commander-in-chief  upon  an  expedition  against 
the  Indians  at  the  Susquehannah  forte,  hath,  by  many  and  sundry 
ways  and  means,  committed  divers  and  sundry  enormous  crimes  and 
offences,  to  the  dishonour  of  Almighty  God,  against  the  laws  of  na- 
tions, contrary  to  your  lordship's  commission  and  instructions,  and  to 
the  great  endangering  of  your  lordship's  peace,  and  the  good  and 
safety  of  your  lordship's  province,  according  to  the  articles  hereafter 
mentioned,  that  is  to  say  : 

"We  find,  upon  rcading^your  lordship's  commissioi\  and  instructions, 
and  the  affidavits  which  we  herewith  send  to  your  lordship  and  upper 
house  of  assembly,  and  which  we  Inimbly  submit  to  you  lordship's- 
examination  and  serious  consideration.' 

*  .\vchive.<j  of  i[nri-hin(i.  Assenibl.y  Pi-ooeerlinj;s,  p.  ISo, 


H  I  S  T  O  K  Y   O  F     A  X  X  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  55 

"The  first.  That  the  said  major  Truraan  hath  broken  his  commis- 
sion and  instructions  thus  :  that  the  said  major  Thomas  Truman  hav- 
ing received  six  Indians  sent  out  by  the  Susquehannahs  as  embassa- 
dors to  treat  with  him  on  the  Sunday  after  the  arrival  of  the  Mary- 
land forces,  and  received  their  paper  and  meddall,t  by  which  we  find 
they  were  received  as  friends,  and  in  amity  with  us,  and  had  liberty 
of  going  back  to  the  fort,  and  were  assured  that  no  intention  of  force 
was  to  be  used  against  them,  and  that  no  damage  should  be  done  to 
them,  their  wives,  or  children,  and  that  they  did,  that  night,  go  into 
the  forte,  and  the  next  morning  did  return  again  with  the  like  num- 
ber, only  one  Indian  changed,  and  supposed  to  come  on  jaurpose  to 
treat,  and  not  in  any  hostile  manner,  yet  the  said  major  Thomas  Tru- 
man, without  calling  any  council  of  warr  of  your  lordship's  ollicers 
imder  his  command,  as  he  ought  to  have  done,  did,  in  a  barliarous 
and  cruel  manner,  cause  five  of  the  said  Indians  to  be  killed  and  mur- 
dered, contrary  to  the  law  of  God  and  nations,  and  contrary  to  your 
lordship's  commissi<m  and  instructions." 

The  upper  house  after  a  "full  hearing  on  both  sides,  and  after  read- 
ing of  the  said  major's  commission  and  instructions  from  his  loi-dship 
and  council,"  found  Major  Truman  guilty  as  impeached,  and  ordered 
a  messenger  to  l)e  sent  to  the  lower  house  to  di'aw  up  a  bill  of  at- 
tainder against  him. 

The  lower  house  prescribed  in  the  bill  a  fine  as  punishment.  The- 
upper  house  objected  to  a  fine  being  levied  for  "such  broad  crimes," 
and  said  ;  "it  will  l)e  much  wondered  by  those  who  shall  hear  and  view 
our  proceedings  thereon,  what  shall  be  the  cause  why  the  same  hath 
been  past  over  witli  so  sleuder  and  shghta  punishment,  being  no  more 
than  what  crimes  of  a  more  inferior  nature  might  have  deserved." 

The  lower  house  replied  to  this  by  saying  "that  the  said  ^Vlajor 
Truman,  for  his  crime  does  not  deserve  death,  in  regard  that  several 
circumstances  that  appeared  at  his  tryall,  extenuated  his  crime  very 
much,  as  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Virginians,  and  the  eager  im- 
petuosity of  the  whole  field,  as  well  ]Marylanders,  upon  the  sight  of 
the  Christians  murdered  at  Mr.  Hinson's,  and  them  very  Indians 
that  wei'c  there  killed,  being  proved  to  be  murderers,  both  of  them 
and  several  other  Christians ;  and  in  regard,  also,  that  it  appears  to 
this  house  tliat  the  said  crime  was  not  maliciously  perpetrated,  or  out 
of  any  design  to  prejudice  the  province,  but  merely  out  of  ignorance, 
and  to  prevent  a  mutiny  of  the  whole  army,  as  well  Virginians  as 
Marylauders ;  wherefore,  this  hoiise  do  not  think  fitt  to  recede  from 
their  former  vote.'" 

Between  the  differences  of  the  two  houses  on  the  subject,  Major 
Truman  appears  to  have  escaped  punishment  altogether. 

t  Very  pvobahly  th<isf>  reoeiv^d  when  ihe\'  in-cci  -  '.'<'-■  Ti'>-.uv  "itM  tlie"  Pitri- 
tan-i  on  the  SeviMMi  in  165-. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

Removat.  of  tiik  State  Capital  Ve():\[  St.  Mary's 
TO  Annapolis. 

[1094.]  Plant  a  capital  on  any  site,  and  it  immediately  throws  out 


56  '  '  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T     C  I  T  Y  .  " 

its  tendrils,  and  takes  root  in  the  hodj  politic  and  in  the  affections  of 
the  people.  Time  increases  the  depth  of  these  roots,  and  diir.inishes 
the  clianees  of  their  transplanting.  History  establishes  the  fact  that 
capitals  are  not  easily  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  and  that  a 
State  clings  to  the  site  of  its  ancient  capital  with  almost  religious 
veneration.  Catholic  Italy,  for  a  time  deprived  of  its  early 
seat  of  government,  at  the  favorable  moment,  put  its  armies  in 
motion,  and  headed  by  a  son  of  the  Church,  thrusts  the  Pope  into  the 
narrow  confines  of  the  Vatican,  and  seizes  upon  its  ancient  capital  to 
the  joy  of  a  Catholic  people. 

Maryland,  since  her  settlement  as  a  colony,  has  had  but  two  sub- 
stantial changes  of  her  capital.  Several  temporary  removals  of  the 
place  of  the  meeting  of  tlie  General  Assembly  and  the  sessions  of  the 
Courts  have  taken  place,  but  from  1634,  the  year  of  tlie  settlement  of 
Maryland,  to  1083,  "St.  .Marie's,"  in  St.  Mary's  county,  remained 
legally,  and,  most  of  the  time,  really,  the  venerated  capital  of  Mary- 
land. 

The  first  evidence  St.  Mary's  had  that  its  treasured  prerogative,  the 
possession  of  the  capital,  could  be  taken  fr^^m  her,  was  in  1654,  after 
the  parliamentary  couunissioners,  Bennett  and  Claiborne,  had  reduced 
the  colony  to  obedience  to  the  commonwealth — to  which  authority  it 
was  never  overtly  disobedient.  The  Assembly,  called  by  the  Puritan 
provincial  authorities,  met  at  one  Richard  Preston's  i^ouse  on  the  Pa- 
tuxent  Iviver,  to  which  place  the  documents  and  records  of  the  colony 
had  been  remov.  d.  In  1650,  wliilst  St.  Mary's  remained  the  residence 
of  Lord  Baltimore's  Lieutenant  in  the  Province,  Gov.  Fendall,  Pa- 
tuxent  still  continued  the  place  of  the  regular  meeting  of  tlie  General 
Assembly.  St.  Mary's,  in  the  year  1659,  was  fully  restored  to  all  her 
ancient  prerogatives,  and,  in  that  year,  the  session  of  the  General  As- 
sembly was  held  there. 

St.  Mary's  remained  undisturbed  in  her  I'e-acknowledgcd  honors 
until  1683."  wheft,  through  the  remote-.ess  of  the  town  from  the  rest 
of  the  province,  its  inconvenience,  and  expense  of  access,  wiiich  had 
always  l)eeu  "felt  and  often  complained  of,"  slie  was  once  more  tem- 
porarily shorn  of  her  laurels.  The  will  of  the  Proprietary  and  feel- 
ings of" tlie  people  conspired  to  sustain. the  privileges  of  this  ancient 
city  ;  but  the  former,  in  1683,  yielded  to  the  desires  of  the  long-sufi'er- 
ino-  people,  and  the  Assembly  was  removed,  with  the  courts  and  pro- 
■vineial  offices,  to  a  place  called  the  "Ridge,"  in  Anne  Arundel  county. 
One  session  only  of  the  General  Assembly  was  held  here.  The  i)oor 
accommodations  of  the  Ridge  drove  them  hence,  and  tiie  peripatetic 
capital  took  up  its  abode  on  Battle  Greek,  on  the  Patux'ent  River, 
from  wiience,  after  a  session  of  three  days  only,  it  was  again  removed 
to  its  old  site,  the  city  of  St.  Mary's.  The  Provincial  Court  found  it 
necessary  to  adjourn*  also  from  the  Ridge,  from  the  want  of  necessary 
accommodations. 

Once  more  settled  at  St.  Mary's,  the  Proprietary  gave  the  inhabitants 
of  that  town  a  written  promise  that  the  capital'  "should  not  be  re- 
moved again  during  his  life."  Resting  under  this  assurance  the  peo- 
ple of  StT  Mary's  had  reason  to  feel  secure  in  the  possession  of  the 
capital  of  the  province,  at  least,  for  the  uncertain  duration  of  the  pro- 
prietary's life.  Suljsequent  events  proved  the  vanity  of  human  calcu- 
lations upon  this  tenure. 

*-  McMahoirs  Mmvlaud,  u.  2f.i. 


HistoryofAnxapolis.  57 

Providence,  evidently,  had  a  desire  for  the  location  of  the  seat  of 
govornnient  within  its  limits  very  early  in  its  history,  for  in  1G74,  when 
the  Legislature  was  cousiderino:  the  propriety  of  erecting  a  State 
Honse,  prison,  and  office,  at  the  Eidge,  a  member  of  tlie  lower  house 
stated,  aiid  the  house  sent  the  message  to  the  Governor  and  Council 
that  "there  are  seve rail  persons  of  qualitie  in  Anne  Arundel  county 
that  will  undertake  to  build  a  State  House,  prison  and  office  at  there 
own  charge  onlie  to  be  repaid  by  the  countrey  when  the  buildings  are 
finished  and  to  build  a  House  for  his  Excelency,  at  their  own  proper 
costs  and  charges."  The  Lower  House  showed  that  it  was  fully  ripe 
for  the  innovation  by  voting  "that  it  be  necessarie  and  this  house  doe 
petition  his  Excelencie  accordinglie." 

The  U]iper  House  gave  a  sharp  reply.  It  returned  "answer  to 
which  vote  tlie  Captaine  General  signifietli  to  the  Lower  House  that 
he.  having  by  writieing  allreadie  declared  his  choice  and  the  public 
faith  being  allreadie  passed,  and  conceivhigthat  this  Last  Paper  is  noe 
answer  to  the  last  message  of  this  House  tuching  the  Cuildings.  doth 
not  tliinke  fit  to  take  anie  further  notice  of  the  said  Paper  ;  but  that 
the  Lower  House  be  desired  to  signefie  to  this  House  of  what  dimen- 
sion the  said  Buildings  are  to  be  and  then  some  persons  will  offer 
themselves  as  undertakers  of  the  same." 

In  1089,  William  of  Orange  mounted  tlie  throne  of  England,  and 
Protestantism  l)ecarae  the  ascendant  religion  in  that  kingdom.  Lord 
Baltimore  received  instructions  to  proclaim  William  and  Mary,  as 
sovei-eigns,  in  the  province  of  Maryland.  He  ]n-omptly  obeyed  the 
connnand.  His  orders,  however,  failed  to  reach  his  agents  in  Mary- 
land in  pi'oper  season,  and,  waiting  to  hear  his  mind  in  the  matter, 
the  Proprietary's  "timid  deputies  lost  him  his  government  by  shirking 
in  a  moment  of  emergency  above  the  ordinary  restrictions  of  law, 
from  the  exercise  of  powers  not  nominated  in  their  commission. "f 

The  instrument  of  the  revolution  in  the  province. was  an  organiza- 
tion known  as  "An  Association  in  arms  for  the  defense  of  the  Pro- 
testant religion,  and  for  asserting  the  rights  of  King  William  and 
Queen  Mary  to  the  province  of  Maryland  and  all  the  English  domin- 
ions." .John  Coode  was  the  leader  of  the  association.  After  a  brief 
struggle,  the  association,  in  August,  1G89,  obtained  entire  possession 
■of  the  i)rovince.  A  convention  was  innnediately  held  in  the  name  of 
the  association,  and  a  full  account  of  the  proceedings  and  purposes  ot 
the  organization  was  submitted  to  the  King. 

The  King  approved  the  revolution,  and  the  province  remained  under 
the  autlioritv  of  the  convention  until  April  9th,  1693.  At  that  time, 
in  accordani'e  with,  the  wishes  of  the  convention.  Sir  Lionel  Copley, 
who  had  appointed  the  first  royal  governor  of  Maryland,  assumed 
control  of  the  affairs  of  the  province.  He  convened  the  Legislature 
immediately.  Notwithstanding  the.  governor  counselled  moderation 
in  legislation,  the  General  Assembly  commenced  its  work  by  throwing 
a  fire  In-and  in  the  province,  in  thanking  the  King  for  redeeming  them 
"from  the  arbitrary  will  and  jjleasure  of  a  tyrannical  Popish  govern- 
ment under  which  they  had  so  long  groaned."  A  most  gratuitous 
and  unwarrantable  assertion.  They  followed  up  that  charge,  with 
the  establishment  of  the  protestant  religion  in  the  ])rovince,  and  pro- 
•viding  for  its  support  by  general  taxation.     Lord  Baltimore's  agents 

t   Alc:M.ilion's  MMi-ylnnd,  p.  230. 


58  "  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  " 

were  then  prohibited  from  receiving  port  duties,  and  his  colloetion  of 
his  land  rents  was  grievously  interi'erred  with. 

The  old  city  of  St.  JIary's,  around  which  clustered  all  the  historic 
associations  of  early  settlement,  and  which  had  been  the  permanent 
seat  of  government  since  the  existence  of  the  colony,  was  immolated 
in  turn  upon  the  altar  of  revolution.  The  town  at  this  time,  1094, 
contained  about  sixty  houses — a  number  it  had  reached  a  few  years 
after  its  settlement.  It  had  soon  obtained  its  full  growth.  Stunted 
in  its  early  enei-gies,  its  vital  powers  were  sajiped,  and,  at  the  [)eriod 
when  the  removal  of  the  capital  was  suggested,  had  Iweome  "'a  more 
landing-place  for  the  trade  of  its  own  immediate  neighborhood."  St. 
Mary's  had  several  disadvantages  that  presented  the  town  unfavora- 
bly to  the  body  of  Legislators.  Situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
the  province,  it  was  remote  from  the  rest  of  the  inhal)itants,  and  the 
expense  and  inconvenience,  in  those  days  of  incommodious  traveling, 
attended  access  to,  and  egress  from  the  place.  Besides  its  local  dis- 
advantages, it  had  one  feature  to  discommend  it  to  the  partizans  of 
that  day.  Its  people  were  Catholics,  whilst  the  Legislature  was  [lecu- 
liarly  Protestant,  at  least,  as  far  as  illiberal  men  could  represent 
protestant  principles.  With  all  these  against  it.  there  is  no  wonder 
at  the  i-esult,  although  a  State  House  of  resi)ectable  dimensions  at  St. 
Mary's  indicated  what  expense  would  attend  the  loss  of  one  capitol, 
and  the  building  of  another. 

The  place  contem])lated  as  the  new  capital  was  the  "Town  at  Pi-oc- 
tors,"  now  Annapolis.  This  place,  as  we  may  judge  from  an  almost 
contemporary  description  of  it,  was  not  so  large  even  as  St.  Mary's 
but,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  1683,  it  had  been  created  as  a  town 
and  port  of  entry.  In  1004,  previous  to  the  removal  of  the  capital,  it 
was  named,  "Anne  Arundel  Town,"  and  was  made  the  residence 
of  the  district  collector,  the  naval  officer,  and  their  deputies,  "for  the 
dispatch  of  shipping."  Passing  ahead  of  the  period  of  which  we  are 
writing,  we  quote  a  description  of  the  town  penned  about  six  years 
later.  It  reads,  "Col.  Nicholson  has  done  his  endeavor  to  ma  Ice  a 
town  of  that  place.  There  are  about  forty  dwelling  housi's  in  it, 
seven  or  eight  of  which  can  afford  a  good  lodging  or  accommodations 
for  strangers.  There  are  also  a  State  House  and  a  free  school,  built 
of  brick,  which  make  a  great  show  among  a  parcel  of  wooden  houses, 
and  the  foundation  of  a  church  is  laid,  the  onlybrick  church  in  Maryland. 
They  have  two  market  days  hi  a  week  ;  and'  had  Gov.  Nicholson  con- 
tinued there  a  few  months  longer,  he  had  brought  it  to  i)erfection;"| 

The  people  of  St.  Mary's  were  not  disposed  to  let  this  valued 
treasure  slip  from  their  grasp,  witiiout  making  the  most  stivnuous 
efforts  to  retain  it.  They  turned  their  eyes  toward  Gov.  Nicholson, 
lifted  up  tiieir  hands,  and.  easting  themselves  at  his  feet  in  an 
agony  of  desj:eration,  as  tlieir  only^hope,  prayed  him  for  succor  in  this, 
the  day  of  their  calamity.  They  directed  a  petition  to  him  as  "his 
Excellency,"  and  as  "Captain  General  and  Governor  in  chief,  in  and 
over  this,  their  Majestys'  province  and  Territory  of  Maryland."  The 
address  began,  "The  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  Common  Council- 
men,  and  Freemen,  of  the  city  of  St.  Mary's  in  the  said  province,  and 
principally,  from  the  bottom  oi  their  hearts,  they  rejoice  in  your  Ex- 
cellency's happy  accession  to  this,  your  Government ;  and  sincerely 

t  Oli'm  xon's  Hi<tory  of  V'ii'f  inin. 


History  ofAnnapolis.  5& 

pray  for  your  peaceable  and  quiet  enjoyment  thereof,  and  long  and 
prosperous  continuance  therein  for  the  Glory  of  God,  their  Majestys' 
serrice.  the  good  and  benefit  of  their  subjects,  and  your  own  particu- 
Lir  comfort  and  satisfaction." 

The  petition  then  proceeds  to  supplicate  the  Governor  to  continue 
to  the  petitioners  "their  ancient  franchises,  rights,  and  privileges, 
granted  them  by  their  charter  with  such  other  benefits  and  advantages 
as  l^ath  been  accustomed  and  generally  allowed,  and,  from  time  to 
time,  continued  to  them  by  your  [)redecessors,  riilers,  and  governors 
of  the  province.  hum})]y  offering  and  proposing  to  your  Excellency 
these  following  reasons  as  motives  inducing  thereto." 

These  reasons  were  classed  under  sixteen  heads.     The  first,  in  full : 

"Iniprimiis,  As  that  it  was  the  prime  and  original  settlement  of 
the  province,  and  from  the  first  seating  thereof  for  above  sixty  years 
hath  been  the  antient  and  chief  seat  of  Government." 

The  second  reason  was  1)ecause  Lord  Baltimore  had  conferred  on  it, 
in  consideration  of  the  above  fact,  especial  privileges. 

The  third  paragraph  set  forth  that  the  capital  should  remain  where 
it  was,  because  "the  situation  in  itself  is  most  pleasant  and  healthful, 
and  naturally  commodious  in  all  respects  for  the  purpose,  being  plen- 
tifully s,nd  well  watered  with  good  and  wholesome  springs,  and  almost 
encompassed  around  with  harbor  for  ship])ing,  where  five  hundred  sail 
of  sliip,  at  least,  may  securely  ride  at  anchor  before  the  city."  The 
town  also  contained,  this  section«nsserted,  excellent  points  of  land  on 
whicli  to  erect  fortifications  to  defend  the  said  shipping,  and  for  the 
preservation  of  the  "public  magazine  and  records  of  the  province." 

The  fourth  argument  recited  that  the  capital  ought  not  to  be  re- 
moved, because,  liyan  act  of  the  Legislature  of  10G2.  land  was  bought, 
and  in  1674.  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  to  build  a  State  House  and 
a  prison,  which  cost  the  province  ;jOO,000  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  and  in 
the  next  asserted  that  tlie  inhabitants  of  St.  Mary's  had  made  and 
paid  a  free  ottering  of  100,000  pounds  of  tobacco  to  build  Lord  Balti- 
more a  house  adjacent  to  the  town. 

The  si^  th  and  seventh  paragraphs  recounted  the  removal  of  the  Leg- 
islature and  Courts  to  the  Kidge  in  1683,  and  those  inconveniences 
that  brought  again  the  capital  to  the  "antient  seat  of  government." 

The  eighth  reason  given  was  that,  for  the  encouragement  of  the  in- 
habitants I  f  St.  Mary's  to  make  provision  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  persons  who  would  be  called  to  the  toAvn  by  public  business,  Lord 
Baltimore  promised  the  seat  of  government  should  not  be  removed 
from  St.  Mary's  diiring  his  life. 

The  ninth  section  states  that  "upon  which  encouragement  given, 
several  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  said  city  have  launched  out,  disbursed 
considerable  estates  to  their  great  impoverishment  and  almost  utter 
ruin,  if  they  should  bo  defeated  of  such,  their  promised  encourage- 
ment, and  not  only  so.  but  divers  others  tlie  inhabitants  for  several 
miles  about  contiguous  and  adjacent  to  the  said  county,  upon  the 
same  encouragement  of  his  Lordship,  have  seated  themselves  iipon 
mean  and  indifferent  lands,  and  laid  out  their  estates,  and  made  im- 
provements thereon,  barely  for  the  raising  of  stock  wherewith  to  sup- 
ply the  said  city  for  the  end  and  purpose  aforesaid,  which  is  now  be- 
come their  whole  and  only  dependence  for  their  future  support  and 
maintenance." 


60  "  T  H  E    A  X  C  1  E  -X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

The  tenth  paraf,'raph  laid  down  the  advautages  of  St.  Mary's,  as  to 
its  convenience  for  masters  of  vessels  and  others  coming  in  and  going 
out  of  the  province,  for  the  dispatch  of  letters  and  expresses,  its  ac- 
cessilileiiess  from  Patuxeut  and  Potomac  Tlivers,  and  the  "Main  Pjay." 
and  the  colony  of  Virginia,  "with  whom"  the  petition  affirmed,  '•niii- 
tnal  intercourse  and  correspondence  is  most  undeniably  necessary  and 
material. ' " 

The  eleventh  reason  given  announced  that  the  capital  should  not  be 
removed  because  Gov.  Copley  liad  been  required  to  enter  upon  his 
gul)eruatorial  duties  at  St.  Mary's  I 

The  twelth  set  forth  that  "scarce  any  precedent  can  be  produced  of 
so  sudden  a  change,  as  the  removal  of  the  antient  and  chief  scat  of 
government,  upon  the  careless  suggestion  and  allegation  of  some  i)ar- 
ticular  persons  for  their  own  i)rivate  interest  an  advantage  ;"  and  evi- 
dently to  array  Gov.  Nicholson  upon  the  side  of  St.  Mary's,  the  peti- 
tioner^ flattered  him  with  the  soft  impeachment  tliat  the  removal  of 
the  capital  was  invested  with  him  as  their  majestys'  representative, 
and,  at  his  Excellency's  "feet,"  continued  tlie  petitioners,  "we  humbly 
cast  ourselves  for  relief  and  support  against  the  calamities  and  ruin 
wherewitli  we  are  threatened,  and  wholly  relying  upon  your  Excel- 
lency's grace  and  favor  therein,  witii  whom,  we  also  conceive,  should 
be  good  manners  in  all  persons  first  to  treat  and  in terceed.  lieforethey 
presumi!  to  make  any  peremptory  result,  in  case  of  so  high  a  nature 
as  this  may  be." 

The  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  paftigraphs  reminded  the  Governor 
that,  in  1693,  "it  was  put  to  the  vote  of  a  full  house,  whether  the 
holding  of  the  Courts  and  Assembly  at  Saint  Mary's  were  a  grievance, 
or  not.  and  caPi'ied  in  the  negative,"  and  they,  the  petitioners  "hum- 
bly conceive  that  house  did  well  consider  all  difficulties  and  outlays, 
losses,  anl  expenses  to  be  incurred  in  moving  the  capital,  besides  the 
hazards  and  casualties  of  removing  and  transporting  the  records  from 
one  ))lace  to  another,  of  which  already  some  experience  hath  been 
had." 

To  meet  all  the  objections  of  inconvenience  of  travel  to  the  "antient 
and  cliief  seat  of  government,"  the  petitioners  offered  to  provide  as 
soon  as  possible  "a  coach,  or  caravan,  or  both,  to  go  at  all  times  of 
public  meeting  of  xVssemblies  and  Provincial  Courts,  and  so  forth, 
everyday,  daily,  between  St.  Mary's  and  Patuxent  River,  and  at  all 
other  times,  once  a  week,  and  also  to  keep  constantly  on  hand  a  dozen 
horses  at  least,  with  suitable  furniture,  for  any  person,  or  persons, 
having  occasion  to  ride  post,  or  otherwise,  with  or  without  a  guide,  to 
any  jjort  of  the  province  on  the  Western  shore." 

The  sixteenth  and  concluding  paragraph  argued  that  the  objection 
that  St.  Mary's  was  not  in  the  centre  of  the  province,  and,  therefore, 
not  suitable  as  the  capital,  was  conspicuously  untenable  from  the 
fact  that  the  Imperial  Court  is  held  in  London,  "as  far  from  the  cen- 
tre of  England  as  St.  Marie's  in  this  province  ;  Boston,  in  Xew  Eng- 
land :  Port  Royal,  in  Jamaica  ;  Jamestown,  in  Yirginia  ;  and  almost 
all  other,  their  ^Majesties  American  plantations,  where  are  still  kept 
and  continued  in  their  first  antient  stations  and  places,  the  chief  seat 
of  ijovernmeut  and  courts  of  judicature." 

Then  follow  the  names  of  the  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Councilmen  of 
St.  Maries,  with  the  freemen  thereof,  among  the  latter  being  thai  of 
John  Coode. 


History  ofAnnapolis.  61 

After  the  signatures  comes  an  especial  sop  for  the  governor's  vanity,  in 
which  the  same  parties  hojaed  that  the  reasons  and  motives  herewith 
offered  to  his  Excellency  and  the  Council  will  prevent  their  assent  to 
the  contemplated  law,  and  affirmed  that  they  placed  their  reliance  on 
"his  Excellency's  known  experience,  assisted  by  so  worthy  a  council." 
They  urged  again  that  it  was  a  royal  prerogative  only  to  change  the 
seat  of  government,  and  when  that  authority  was  invaded  "the  State 
is  in  a  confusion."  Knowing  their  Majesties' respect  for  the  riglits 
of  their  subjects,  as  "sufficiently  evidenced  by  their  placing  a  person 
of  your  Excelltucif  s  k)ww/t,  regard  to  the  same  at  the  helm  of  the  gov- 
ernmetif,  tlie  petitioners  do  humbly  conceive  that  it  is  not  consistent 
with  the  rules  of  gratitude  for  so  great  a  blessing,  as  to  pass  a  law 
whicli  your  petitioners  are  well  informed,  is  an  apparent  incroach- 
ment  upon  their  Majesties'  prerogative." 

They  supplemented  their  lengthly  review  of  the  case  witlia  jirayer, 
which  showe.'l  how  solicitous  the  people  of  St.  Mary's  were  for  the 
reputation  of  the  State.  "Least,"  said  the  petitioners,  "the  province 
may  be  so  blamed  as  to  have  it  said  that  it  was  the  first  of  the  Ameri- 
can jjlantations,  that  offered  violence  to  the  prerogative  of  so  worthy 
a  prince,"  tliey  ask  that  the  governor  will  reject  the  bill,  until,  at 
least,  leave  be  first  obtained  from  his  Majesty.  An  apology  for  |mttiug 
with  so  much  freedom  his  Excellency  in  mind  of  a  matter  whir-li  tliey 
knew  was  his  "chiefest  care  to  preserve,"  concludes  the  paper.  The 
Grovernor  sent  the  petition  to  the  lower  house. 

The  quaint  and  jeering  reply  of  that  body  to  this  petition  was  found- 
in  a  yellow  and  musty  MS,  at  the  Land  Office,  Annapolis,  Md.  It  is 
quoted  entire : 

"By  the  Assembly,  Oct.  the  11th,  1694. 

"This  House  have  read  and  considered  of  the  petitions  and  reasons 
of  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  otliers,  calling  themselves  Common 
Council  and  Freemen  of  the  City  of  St.  Maries,  against  removing  the 
Courts  and  Assembly  of,  from  this  Corner  and  poorest  place  in  the 
province,  to  the  Center  and  best  abilitated  place  thereof.  Although 
wee  conceive  the  motives  tliere  laid  downe,  are  hardly  deserving  any 
answer  at  all,  many  of  them  being  ((.gainst  the  plain  mcMer  of  fact, 
some  against  reason,  and  all  against  Generall  good  and  wellfaire  of 
the  province  :  yet,  because  your  Excellency  has  been  pleased  to  lay 
them  befoi'e  us,  wee  humbly  retnrne  this,  our  sence  of  the  same,  that 
as  to  the  1:2:3:4:5:6:7:  and  8  :  Reasons,  relating  to  what  his 
Lord  Proprietary  has  thought  fitt  to  doe  to  the  city  of  St.  Maries,  it 
is  noe  Rule,  nor  Griiide  to  their  Majesties,  your  Excellency,  nor  this 
house.  Itt  seemes  in  some  parts  to  reflect  on  his  Jjord  Proprietary 
raoi-e  than  this  house  believes  is  true,  or  deserved  by  his  Lord  Proprie- 
tary. 

"2.  As  to  the  9  :  this  house  say  that  it  is  against  the  plain  matter 
of  fact,  for  wee  can  decerne  noe  Estate,  either  laid  out,  or  to  lay  out 
in,  or  about  this  famous  City  comparable  with  other  parts  of  this  pro- 
vince. But  they  say,  and  can  make  appeare  that  there  hasl)een  moore 
^loney  spent  here,  l3y  three  degrees  or  more,  than  this  city  and  all  the 
inhabitants  for  tenn  miles  round  is  worth,  and  say  that  having  liad 
<)Oty-odd  years  experience  of  this  place,  and  almost  a  quarter  part  of 
the  province  devoured  by  it,  and  still,  like  Pharoah's  kine,  remain  as 


C2  "  T  H  E   A  X  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

at  first,  they  are  discouraged  to  add  anymore  of  their  substance  to 
such  ill  improvers. 

"As  to  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh,  wee  conceive  the  being  of  St. 
Maries  soe  neare  Virginia,  is  not  soe  great  an  advantage  to  the  pro- 
vince, as  the  placeing  the  Courts  in  the  Centre  and  Richest  part  of 
the  same,  which  is  noe  great  distance  from  thence  of  Virginia  either, 
and  nearer  Xew  York  and  other  Governments  which  wee  have  as 
much  to  doe  with  as  Virginia,  if  not^more.  and  the  place  as  well 
watered  and  as  Commodious  in  all  respects  as  St.  Maries,  which  has 
only  served  hither  to  cast  a  Blemis>  upon  all  the  rest  of  the  province 
in  the  Judgment  of  all  discerning  strangers  who,  perceiving  the 
meanness  of  the  head,  must  rationally  judge  proportionably*  of  the 
body  thereof. 

"To  the  12  :  13  :  and  14  :  they  say  that  they  doe  not  hold  themselves 
accountable  to  the  Mayor  and  his  Eretheru  for  what  they  doe  for  their 
countrey's  service,  nor  by  what  measures  they  do  tlic  same,  nor  what 
time  they  shall  take  to  doe  it  in,  nor  for  what  reasons  ;  and  are,  and 
will  be  as  careful!  of  the  records  and  properties  of  the  people,  as  the 
proprietary. 

"To  the  loth  :  the  house  s;iy  the  petitioners  offer  faire  as  they  have 
done  formerly  ;  but  never  yet  performed  any,  and  this  house  believes 
that  the  Generall  welfare  of  the  province  ouglit  to  take  place  of  that 
sugar  plum  of  all  the  Mayor's  Coaches,  who,  as  yet,  has  not  one. 

"To  the  10  :  this  house  conceive  that  the  citty  of  St.  Maries  is  very 
unequally  rankt  with  London,  Boston,  Port  Royall,  &c. 

"All  which  wee  humbly  offer  to  your  f]xcellency's  juditious  Con- 
sideration." 

All  the  honeyed  words  of  flattery  that  fell  from  the  lips  of  the  pe- 
titioners upon  the  ear  of  his  "Excellency,"  w«re  also  unavailing.  On 
the  reception  of  tlie  answer  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  the  council 
tersely  recorded  its  view  of  the  matter,  in  this  brief  paragra])li — "This 
Board  concur  witli  the  said  answers  made  by  tlie  House  of  Burgesses." 

The  removal  was  consummated  the  ensuing  winter,  and  the  Assem- 
bly met  first  on  the  28th  of  February,  1G94,  (old  style,)  in  its  new 
capital. 

The  archives  of  the  province,  which  were  the  objects  of  such  disin- 
terested solicitude  on  the  part  of  the  peojile  of  St.  Mary's  were  ordered 
to  be  carried  "in  good  strong  bags,  and  to  be  secured  with  cordage 
and  hides,  and  well  packed — witli  guards  to  attend  them  night  and 
day,  to  be profecfed  froDh  all  accUhiits,  (!)  and  to  be  delivered  to  the 
Sherifl:  of  Anne  Arundel  County  at  Anne  Arundel  Town."  These  re- 
cords reached  Annapolis  in  the  winter  of  1G94-9.'j. 

*  Thi.''  word  is  touml  in  a  hiier  copy.  In  the  e^  rlier  records  it  seems  to  he 
"exporconably."' 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1GU4  to  1700. 

[1694.]  By  chapter  8,  acts  of  1694,  passed  Oct.  18th,  the  name  of 
•'Town-Land  at  Proctors,"  now  Annapolis,  was  changed  to  the  "Town 
and  Port  of  Anu-Arundel."    The  commissioners  by  the  act  of  1694 


II I  STORY  OF  Annapolis.  63 

were  IMajor  John  Ilammoud,  Major  Edward  Dorsey,  Mr.  John  Ben- 
nett, INfr.  John  Dorsey,  Mr.  Andrew  Norwood,  Mr.  PhiHp  Howard, 
Mr.  James  Sandei's,  and  tl\e  Honorable  Xicholas  Greenbury,  Esq.  Tlie 
concluding  section  of  this  act,  appointing  the  commissioners,  says: 
"That,  at  the  Town  and  Port  at  Severn  in  Anne  Arundel  county,  shall 
be  bought  or  valued  by  the  Jury  as  before  in  this  act  is  mentioned,  all 
that  parcel  or  neck  of  Land  within  Leary  Neck-Cove*  and  Acton's  Covef 
lying  and  adjoining,  or  near,  to  the  said  Town  as  aforesaid,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  by  the  commissioners  shall  be  found  convenient,  to  be  fenced 
in  and  called  The  Town  Common,  or  Pasture,  and  paid  for,  and  fenced 
in  at  the  Public  Charge:  xVud  shall  be  for  the  public  use  and  service, 
when  need  shall  require,  and  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  Town 
shall  not  raise  any  of  cattle  or  hogs,  horse's  or  sheep,  more  than  what 
they  can  contain  and  raise  upon  their  respective  lot  or  lots,  and  not 
more,  at  the  discretion  of  the  commissioners." 

This  same  act  also  constituted  Ann-Arundel  town  a  port  of  entry 
and  place  of  trade,  and  made  it  the  place  of  residence  of  the  collector 
of  tlie  district,  naval  officer,  and  their  deputies,  "for  the  dispatch  of 
shipping." 

[KJOo.]  Dignified  with  the  seat  of  government,  Annapolis  put  on  its 
honors  with  the  stir  of  a  new  vitality.  The  Legislature  ordered  one 
or  moi'u  places  to  be  laid  out  and  reserved  as  ship-yards,  and  passed 
an  act  giving  Anne  Arundel  the  Town  the  more  euphonious  title,  of  An- 
napolis, "Chap.  II  of  this  session  enacting  that  the- port  shad  for  ever 
hereafter  be  denominated,  called  and  known  by  the  Name  and  Port  of 
AnuaiJolis,  and  by  no  other  Name  or  Distinction  whatever." 

The  first  session  of  the  Legislature  in  Annapolis  was  held  in  the 
house  of  Major  Edward  Dorsey,  begining  on  February  28,  16!)4,  0.  S.. 
(orl(i!jr),N.'S.) 

One  day  during  this  session,  the  Legislature  adjourned  in  a  body  to 
an  ale-house,  if,  for  other  than  the  inferential  reason,  is  not  stated  ;  but 
the  alt'air  excited  the  indignation  of  Governor  Francis  Nicholson. 

Brick  clay  of  good  quality  having  been  discovered  near  Annapolis, 
contracts  were  made  with  Casper  Aiigust  Herman,  a  burgess  from 
Cecil,  for  building  the  parish  church,  school-house,  and  Stadt-house.* 

This  Assembly  voted  "that  a  publique  ferry  be  kept  upon  Severn 
river  at;  Annapolis,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  publique."  Allen 
Robinett  was  appointed  keeper  of  the  ferry  and  was  required  to  reside 
in  Annapolis,  and  for  his  services  was  paid  9000  pounds  of  tobacco 
a  year,  out  of  the  public  revenues.  This  ferry  was  maintained  by  the 
Anne  Arundel  county  authorities  to  the  year  1887,  when  it  was  super- 
seded by  a  bridge. 

In  the  act  of  1695,  "for  keeping  good  rules  and  orders  in  the  Port  of 
Annapolis,"  it  was  enacted  that  "for  encouragement  of  all  sorts  of 
tpadesmen,  or  men  of  calling,  to  come  and  inhabit  the  town  aforesaid, 
*  ■;■:-  «  »  *  tiiat  when  any  baker,  brewer,  tailor,  dyer,  or  any  such 
tradesmen,  that,  by  their  practice  of  their  trade,  may  any  ways  annoy, 
or  disquiet  the  neighbors  or  iidiabitants  of  the  town,  it  shall  and  may 
be  lawful  for  the  commissioners  and  trustees  aforesaid,  to  allot  and 
appoint  such  tradesmen  such  part  or  parcel  of  land,  out  of  the  pre- 
sent town    pasture,    as  to  the  said  commissioners  shall  seem   meet 

*  In  Gi-Avevard  Creek, 
tin  ^pR  Craek. 

*  ytale-houjfe. 


64  ''TheAncientCity.'' 

and  convenient  for  the  exercise  of  such  trade,  a  sufficient  distance 
from  the  said  town  as  may  not  be  annoyance  thereto,  not  exceeding 
the  quantity  of  one  lot  or  acre  of  land  to  any  one  tradesman  afore- 
said. And  provided,  the  same  trade  and  lots  of  land  for  that  use, 
may  be  as  near  together  and  CQutiguous  as  the  nature  of  the  trade  will 
allow,  without  hindering  or  Etitrhoying  one  another,  which  said  ap- 
pohitment  and  parcel  of  land  aforesaid,  allotted  by  the  commissioners- 
and  trustees  aforesaid,  shall  be  to  such  pers;ons,  tradesmen,  and  their 
heirs  for  ever,  and  to  the  maintenance  of  such  trades  and  not  others." 

[1690.]  In  this  year,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  for  '"keoping 
good  rules  and  order"  in  the  town  of  Annai)olis.  and  Gov.  Nicliolsou, 
the  Honorable  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  the  Honorable  Nichohis  Green- 
bury,  the  Honorable  Thomas  Tench,  Major  John  Hammond,  Major 
Edward  Dorsey,  Mr.  James  Sanders,  and  Captain  Richard  Hill,  or  any 
live  of  them,  were  made  the  body  corporate  for  the  town.  The  same 
act  gave  Governor  Nicholson  a  lot  of  land  within  the  town  connnon, 
"for  planting  or  making  a  garden,  vine-yard,  and  sunmier-house." 
This  land  comjjrised  all  that  part  of  the  town  beginning  on  the  iu)rth. 
east  side  the  present  dock,  (then  called  Nicholson's  Cove,)  running 
with  a  straiglit  line  to  East  street,  with  the  said  street  to  State  House 
Circle,  with  the  Circle  to  Francis  street,  then  down  Francis  to  Cliurch, 
down  Church  to  the  south  east  side  of  the  dock.  There  stood  within 
the  lines  of  this  lot,  until  fifteen  years  since  a  house,  for  many  years 
occupied  by  Mrs.  liichard  llidgely,  which  tradition  says  was  the  house 
where  the  tirst  Governor  who  lived  in  Annapolis  resided.  That  Gover- 
nor was  Francis  Nicholson.  The  house  stood  on  the  corner  of  Hyde's 
alley  and  Cornhill  street  and  was  of  frame  and  of  an  architecture 
curious  and  ancient. 

It  appears  from  the  same  act  that  Mr.  Richard  Beard  had  made  a 
maj),  or  plot,  of  Annapolis. 

The  commissioners  were  authorized  to  erect  a  market-house  and  to 
hold  a  market  once  a  week,  and  a  fair  every  year. 

At  the  same  session  it  was  profjosed  to  have  a  Bridewell,  "if  any 
person  would  undertake  to  build  and  keep  it  that  all  idle  and  vagrant 
perpers  may  be  taken  up  and  put  to  work  there." 

The  house  declared,  "that  such  Bridewell,  or  house  of  correction,  was 
very  necessary  and  convenient,  but  that  the  present  ill  circumstances 
of  this  province  will  not  admit  the  beginning  or  carrying  on  of  any 
new  building  then  already  undertaken." 

For  tlie  improvement  of  Annapolis,  it  was  proposed  and  adopted  by 
the  house  "that  ye  townes  poeple  be  empowered  to  purchase  a  com- 
mon, and  for  tlie  commissioners  of  the  said  town  to  make  bye-laws, 
with  power  to  ifyne  any  persons,  inhabitants  committing  breach 
thereof  in  such  summe  to  be  ascertained. ' '  "To  assess  ye  conduit  made 
at  the  publique  charge.  That  the  common  be  well  i3leaned  with  ye 
points  of  land,  and  ye  place  dividing  the  common  to  be  well  ditched." 
"That  an  handsome  pair  of  gates  Kic.  madeat  ye  coming  in  of  the  towue, 
and  two  triangxdar  houses  built  for  ye  rangers."  "To  liave  the  way 
from  the  gate  to  go  directly  to  the  top  of  ye  hill  without  the  towne,  and 
to  be  ditched  on  each  side  and  sett  with  quick  setts  or  some  such  thing."* 

"That  part  of  the  land  which  lye  on  ye  creeke,t  by  major  Dorisey's 

*  Ridtely's  *  niials  <if  Aiinapulis,  i..  Do. 

t  Tliis  creek  puiSM'cl  ii|j  Kii't;  GfOige  .sireet  I'.iid  enterod   the    g.ii''li:i     \\h    le 

It.  S.  II.  Kenedy  now  ri'^idc-- 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F     A  X  X  A  P  O  L  I  S  .  Go 

house,  whereby  his  excellency  at  present  lives,*  Ije  sett  aside  for  pub- 
liqiie  buildinccs,  and  if  in  ease  the  same  happen  to  come  within  any 
of  ye  said  major's  lotts, — propose  that  land  be  given  him  elsewhere 
for  it. 

'"To  have  in  the  said  towne  two  flairs  a  year,  and  persons  coming 
thither  not  to  be  arrested  for  one  day  before  the  said  ffair  and  one  day- 
after. 

'"That  forty  foot  space  be  left  along  the  water  side  within  the  port 
of  Annapolis,  for  any  person  to  Ijuild  warehouses  upon  if  the  owners 
of  sucli  lotts  that  front  upon  the  same  do  not  build  thereon  in  such  a 
tyme  to  l;)e  sett."  "That  the  holes  made  by  grnbl^ing  up  stumps  and 
cutting  off  tops  of  stones  in  the  said  port  of  Annapolis  be  filled  up." 

It  was  proj)osed  this  session  to  build  a  ciiurch  in  Annapolis,  and  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  "inspect  into  the  proj)osals  for  building  the 
same." 

]\[ajor  Edward  Dorsey,  from  the  committee,  reported  'that  there  was 
in  Banck  for  building  the  church  at  Annapolis.  £458  sterling.  'That 
they  had  discoursed  workmen,  and  the  carpenter  demands  for  his 
work  .£250 — the  bricklayer,  having  all  stuff  upon  the  place.  £220 — the 
liriekmaker  £90 — tliat  they  find  no  other  means  to  raise  money  there- 
for without  the  assistance  of  some  charitable  disposed  persons';  That 
the  charge  of  building  the  said  church  will  amount  to  £1,200  ster- 
ling." 

An  was  act  passed  the  same  day  imposing  a  tax  of  "three  pence  per 
hundred  on  tobacco,  to  continue  and  be  in  force  until  the  12th  dav  of 
May.  which  shall  be  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God,  1698,  and  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  building  of  ye  church  at  Annapolis."  The  architect  of 
this  church  was  Thomas  Ffielder. 

This  year  a  Mr.  Gaddess  arrived  at  Annapolis,  "being  sent,  out  by 
liis  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London  and  the  house  appointed  him  to 
read  prayers  in  some  vacant  parish,  and  made  a  provision  for  his  sup- 
port of  10.000  pounds  of  tobacco." 

The  legislature  at  its  May  session,  in  1096,  passed  the  act,  establish- 
ing at  Annapolis  the  famous  "King  William's  Scliool."  "forthe  pro- 
pagation of  the  gospel  and  education  of  youth  in  good  letters  and 
manners."  At  this  school  the  distinguished  William  Pinkney  was  a 
student. 

]Mr.  Pinkney  was  a  native  of  Annapolis,  and  his  renown  is  naturally 
linked  with  that  of  another  distinguished  lawyer  and  son  of  Annapo- 
lis, Reverdy  Johnson,  who  followed  him  in  the  classic  halls  of  St. 
John's,  the  lineal  descendant  of  King  William's  school.  These  two 
men,  whose  talents  and  renown  have  been  the  glory  of  the  nation, 
ought  to  have  barbed  the  arrows  of  derision  that  conceited  minds  have 
often  aimed  at  the  age  and  size  of  the  ancient  city.  When  the  long 
roll  of  America's  illustrious  names  is  called,  the  little  hamlet  on  the 
Severn  proves  its  right  to  existence  by  pointing  with  just  pride  to 
Pinkney  and  Johnson  as  the  peers  of  any,  in  virtue,  intellect,  and 
patriotism. 

[1700.]  A  general  visitation  of  the  clergy  of  the  province  was  held 
at  Annapolis,  May  23,  1700.     This  was  summoned  by  Rev.  Dr.  Brayt 

*  This  is  the  house  where  Mrs.  Margaret  Marchniul  now  lives, 
t  .\llen's  St.  Anne's  Parish,  p.  34. 

5 


66  '  '  T  H  E   A  N  C  1  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y.    '  ' 

who  had  been  appointed  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  commissary  of 
Maryhind.  This  convocation,  the  first  held  in  America,  is  memora- 
ble for  orghiatiiig  "the  first  missionary  effort  made  by  any  part  of  the 
church  on  this  continent."  The  field  selected  was  Pennsylvania — the 
people  the  Quakers  !  Three  clergymen  appeared  at  this  convocation 
from  Anne  Arundel.  They  were^Heury  Mall,  of  St.  Jame's.  Ilerring 
Creek  ;  Josepli  Colbach,  of  All  Hallows  ;  and  Edward  Topp,  of  An- 
napolis. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 
The  First  State  House  in  Annai'ui.is, 

[1696.]  "The  foundation  of  the  First  State  House  in  Annapolis 
was.  laid  April  30.  1696.--- 

[1697.]  On  the  11th  of  June,  1697,  the  Legislature  passed  the  fol- 
lowing:! 

"Whereas,  this  Province  hath  been  at  great  charge  and  expense  in 
the  building  of  a  State  House,  or  Public  House  of  .Tudicature,  at  this 
Port  ol  Annapolis,  which  is  now  almost  finished  and  completed,  and 
to  the  end  that  the  said  House  and  the  several  rooms  and  apartments 
therein,  may  in  time  present  and  to  come,  be  applied  and  appropriated 
to  the  uses  and  purposes  the  same  was  designed  for,  and  no  other. 

"II.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  present  General  Assembly,  and  the 
authority  of  the  same,  tliat  the  said  State  House  ami  the  several  rooms 
and  apartments  therein,  for  the  lime  present  and  to  come,  be,  and  is 
hereby  appointed  and  appro]>riated  to  the  uses  and  purposes  hereafter 
mentioned,  and  no  other,  that  is  to  say, 

"in.  The  great  room  below  stairs,  for  courts  and  assemblies  to  sit 
in  ;  the  little  room  below  the  stairs  to  be  for  a  magazine  for  everything 
but  powder  to  lie  in  ;  the  two  rooms  on  the  right  liand  above  stairs, 
for  jury  and  connnittee  rooms  ;  the  two  rooms  on  the  left  hand,  to  be 
for  provincial  and  land-office  records  to  l)e  kept ;  and  the  fore-porch 
to  be  for  the  commissary's  office,  and  records  of  j)robate  of  wills  and 
granting  administrations,  &c.,  to  be  kept  in;  the  two  rooms  on  the 
right  hand  in  the  upper  lofts,  one  for  tlie  county  clerk  to  keep  the 
county  records  in,  and  the  other  for  jVnnapolis  town  clerk  to  keep  his 
papers  in  ;  and  the  other  two  rooms  on  the  left  hand,-  one  of  them  for 
keeping  the  records  of  the  Chancery  court,  and  the  other  for  keeping 
the  records  of  the  Governor  and  Councils  in  one  part  of  it,  and  another 
part  of  the  same  room  for  lodging  of  all  bonds,  bills,  certificates, 
dockets  and  other  naval  papers,  transmitted  from  the  Collectors  antl 
Naval  Officers  of  this  province.  "'•■  *  *  *  Tlie  room  above  the 
back-porch  to  be  for  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Delegates  to  keep  the 

T  Bacon's  L;iws. 

•  Allea's  Hlatoiy  of  St.  Anne's,  p.  27. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F   A  X  N  A  P  0  L  I  S  .  G7 

Jounials  of  Procejdiiiirs  of  that  House  in.  ;  and  the  loft  above  the  fore- 
jiorch  over  the  Commissary's  odice  to  be  for  hanging  a  lanthotii  out. 
and  for  a  committee  room." 

Tlius  disposing-  of  the  apartments,  the  Assembly  enacted  that  the 
'•rooms  he  fitted  up  with  all  necessary  and  convenient  boxes  and 
shelves,  desks,  and  tables  to  write  on.  and  at  tlie  door  of  every  office  a 
bar  be  made,  within  which  no  person  shall  come,  but  the  clerk  of  such 
office,  unless  upon  ura:eut  and  e-reat  occasion." 

"His  Excellency.  Francis  Nicholson,  his  Majesty's  present  Crovernor 
of  this  province,  the  Honorable  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence.  Baronet,  his 
Majesty's  Secretary,  and  the  Honorable  Henry  Jo wles,  Esq..  Chancel- 
lor of  the  province,  and  the  Honorable  Kenelm  Cheseldyn,  the  Com- 
missary General,"  wei'e  made  a  committee  to  carry  out  the  provisions 
of  this  act. 

[1699.]  This  State  House  had  a  brief  and  tra<j:ic  history.  On  the 
journal  of  the  House  of  the  13th  of  July.  1699.  is  the  followint;: : 

"Memorandum,  that  on  Thursday.  July  loth,  about  four  or  five  of 
the  clock  in  the  afternoon,  a  violent  flash  of  lightninii:  broke  into  the 
State-house  at  Annapolis  ;  the  House  of  Delegates  being  there  sitting, 
which  instantly  killed  Mr.  James  Crauford,  one  of  the  members  of 
Calvert  county,  and  hurt  and  wounded  several  other  members,  and 
shattered  and  broke  most  part  of  the  doors  and  window  cases  belong- 
ing to  tlie  said  house,  and  sett  ye  said  State  House  on  fire  in  one  of 
the  upper  chambers,  and  several  other  damages ;  but  the  fire  was 
presently  quenched  by  the  dilisjence  and  industry  of  his  Excellency, 
Nathaniel  Blackistone,  his  majesty's  governor.''^ 

[1704.]  In  1704.  the  State  House  was  burned  down.  Prom  what 
cause  it  was  ignited  is  left  to  conjecture.  Gov.  Seymour  in  his  mes- 
sage on  the  suljject  said  : 

"The  late  melancholy  accident  might  have  been  prevented  had  my 
often  admonitions  took  place  ;  for  I  never  saw  any  public  building 
left  solely  to  Providence  but  in  Maryland.  I  hope  this  sad  experi- 
ment will  awaken  yoixr  care  for  time  to  come,  and  in  tlie  interim  your 
best  considerations  to  secure  the  laws  and  records  of  your  country  for 
the  advantage  and  quiet  of  future  generations.  What  is  proper  tol)e 
done  in  rebuilding  your  Stadt-house.  so  very  necessary  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  public.  I  leave  entirely  to  your  own  serious  debates 
and  decision,  for  I  have  no  other  aim  than  the  true  interest  and  service 
of  your  country.  "'■■■■'■■ 

This  State  House  had  been  ordei'ed  to  be  built  bv  the  Legislature  of 
1694.t 

t   Kicisrelv'-  Aiiiiah  of  Annaoolis  p.  101. 
**  Riairp|y"s  .\nnHls  of  AniiMiiolis,  p.   105. 
+  Ridgely's  Annuls  1  1  Auiiiipolis,  p.  i);'.. 


G8  '  '  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  " 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

St.  Axne's  Parish.* 

1G93— 1887. 

[1692.]  This  jKirish  is  one  of  thirty  wliich  were  establisheil  inuler 
the  Act  of  Assembly,  of  1093.  The  loss  of  the  first  twelve  pti^es  of 
the  parish  records  has  robbed  us  of  much  of  its  valuable  history.  In 
the  returns,  however,  of  the  several  vestries  in  tiu-  province  to  the 
Governor  and  his  Council  in  1093,  St.  Anne's  was  designated  !«y  the 
name  of  3Iiddle  Xeck  Parisii,  and  consisted  of  the  territory  bet  sveen 
South  and  Severn  rivers. 

The  destruction  of  these  i)ages  of  the  records  of  tlic  parish  has  left 
to  speculation  the  origin  of  the  name  of  tiie]jarish.  There  is,  however, 
liardly  any  doul)t  but  tiiat  it  was  named  in  honor  of  tlie  reputed  mother 
of  the  Virgin  Mary,  St.  Ann  ;  and  so  designated  because  it  wasa  hajjpy 
coincidence  with  the  name  of  the  Princess  Anne,  afterward  (^ucen 
Anne,  of  England. 

[1694.]  On  the  8th  of  October,  1694.  the  Governor  proposed  to  his 
council  that,  at  the  port  of  Annapolis,  a  lot  be  laid  off  for  the  minister 
nigh  to  where  the  churcli  is  to  stand,  and  tiiat  the  minister  beoliliged 
to  read  prayers  twice  a  day.  On  the  7th  of  May  1090,  Mr.  Coney, 
supposed  to  be  the  incumbent  of  St.  Anne's  Parish,  preached  Ijefore 
the  assembly,  and  this  sermon  he  was  desired  by  tlie  assembly  to  havL- 
[)rinted. 

[1690.]  When  St.  Anne's  returned  its  |)roceedings,  as  required  by 
ch.  3d,  acts  of  1096.  under  the  name  of  Middle  Xeck  Parish,  the  taxable 
persons  in  it  were  stated  to  number  o74.  Tiie  vestrymen  of  the  parish 
were  given  as  :  Thomas  15land,  Richard  Warfield.  Jjawrence  Draper. 
•Jacob  llarnass,  William  Brown,  Cornelius  Howard.  When  King 
William's  scliool  was  established  the  same  year,  1690,  Rev.  Peregrine 
Coney,  the  supposed  rector  of  St.  Anne's,  was  one  of  its  trustees. 

On  September  30th,  the  Lower  House  sent  to  the  Uijper  the  follow- 
ing message  :  "To  show  our  readiness  to  contribute  to  the  utmost  of 
our  abilities  to  the  service  of  God,  in  building  a  free  church  and  school 
at  Annapolis,  we  have  proposed  and  resolved,  that  out  of  the  revenue 
raised  for  the  charge  of  the  Province,  by  '3d  per  hhd,  on  tobacco,  one 
year's. re  venue  so  raised  be  for  defraying  the  charge  of  the  church  at 
Annapolis." 

The  Lower  House,  preparatory  to  passing  this  Act,  appointed  a 
I  oinmittee  to  inspect  the  proposals  for  building  the  church  ;  which  re- 
l)orted  that  there  was  in  bank  for  this  purpose  £458  sterling.  Tiiis 
had  arisen  from  the  sale  of  the  tobacco  which  liad  been  collected. 
They  also  reported  that  the  church  would  cost  £1200  sterling,  about 
87,000. 

These  were  busy  times  in  Annapolis.  The  State  House,  King  Wil- 
liam's School,  and  St.  Anne's,  for,  on  the  3d  of  October,  the  Governor 

*  For  ilie  evilly  fact!.' of  (his  chapcer  I  am  in..iiiily  iii.iebte.i  to  Kev.  Ktlian' 
.Mien's  History  of  St.  Anne's  Parish. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  69 

was  selected  l)y  the  counoil  to  emjiloy  workmen  to  Imild  the  eliurch. 
were  all  in  course  of  erection. 

This  was  the  first  brick  chiircli  in  Maryland,  but  not  the  first  ]jlaee 
of  worship  in  Annapolis.  There  was  a  meeting-house  of  the  Puritans 
in  Anna])olis  thirty  years  before  this  and  the  records  show  there  was 
also  a  house  dedicated  to  ihe  service  of  God  on  Greenbury's  Point  that 
also  antedated  St.  Anne's. 

[1G97.]  On  the  :50th  of  June.  1697,  a  petition  from  Ruth  Gregg  was 
laid  before  the  Governor  and  his  council.  Rev.  Peregrine  Coney  was 
defendant.  This  document,  with  Mr.  Coney's  defence,  was  ordered  to 
be  given  to  Mr.  Carroll,  "the  said  Ruth's  procurator."  The  nature 
of  the  coiii plaint  has  not  Cf)me  down  to  us,  biit  Mr.  Coney  appears  to 
have  enjoyed,  and  never  to  have  lost,  the  fullest  confidence  of  Governor 
Nicholson,  wiio  gave  him  the  duty  of  issuing  marriage  licenses.  His 
sermons  were  frequently  asked  for  publication  by  the  Assembly. 

[1699.]  Gov.  Nicholson  selected  the  site  of  St.  Anne's,  and  was  the 
active  agent  in  its  erection.  Gov.  Blacldston  succeeded  Gov.  Nichol- 
son, and,  in  tlie  former's  term,  July  22,  1699,  an  Act  of  Assembly  im- 
posed a  fine  of  £:>:5:l.  6  s.  8  p..  on  Edward  Dorsey  for  not  fulfilling  his 
agreement  to  build  the  church  :  and  another  Act  of  the  same  session  ap- 
])ointcd  persons  tn  tieat  with  workmen  to  Iraild  it. 

[1704.]  Rev.  Mr.  Topp  followed  as  the  second  rector  of  St.  Anne's 
and  Rev.  James  Wootten  was  tlie  thii-d.  and,  in  1704.  the  vestrynien 
were  recorded  as  Co).  John  Hammond,  Mr.  William  Bladen,  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Taylard.  Mr.  Amos  Garrett.  Mr.  John  Freeman,  Mr.  Samuel 
Norwood.  An  entry  on  tlie  parisli  records,  ordering  payment  for 
altering  the  gallery  seats,  shows  that  the  church  was  finished.  Thomas 
Ffielder  was  tlie  architect  of  the  edifice.  The  entries  in  the  parish  re- 
cords also  discover  to  us  that  the  first  St.  Anne's  had  both  bell  and 
belfry,  and  a  golden  ball  adorned  the  spire. 

The  church  was  Imild  in  the  shape  of  a  T.  and  was  neatly  finished 
inside.  The  principal  entrance  faced  east,  tliat  is  toward  the  State 
House. 

[1706.]  In  1706.  the  General  Assem^ily,  ever  mindful  of  St.  Anne's, 
directed  Tliat,  of  tlie  three  lots  originally  laid  out  within  the  city,  one 
should  V)e  for  the  rector  of  the  Parish,  one  for  the  Sexton,  and  a  third 
for  tlie  clerk  of  the  vestry  and  eommissary'-s  clerk.  The  revenues  of 
St.  Anne's  were  further  exhanced  by  an  order  requiring  40  shillings 
for  every  corpse  buried  in  the  church  yard.  This  was  the  ground 
about  the  church  andis  emViraced  in  the  present  circle.  The  grave- 
yard extended  l)eyond  its  present  limits  into  the  streets  as  excavations 
"within  its  beds  painfully  proved  a  few  years  since. 

The  revenues  at  this  period  were  exceedingly  meagre,  and  it  is  es- 
timated tliat  in  1717  the  rector  did  not  receive  over  S850  per  annum. 

[1719.]  May  15.  1719,  the  vestry  of  St.  Anne's  laid  before  the  Lower 
House  of  Assembly  the  grievances  under  which  the  parish  labored. 
The  gravamen  of  their  burden  was  that  the  parish  church,  1)y  being 
built  near  tlie  utmost  verge  of  the  parish,  is  hereby  rendered  very  in- 
convenient to  a  great  part  of  the  parishioners,  some  of  these  living 
twenty  miles,  and  others  at  a  greater  distance  from  it,  so  that  were 
"it  not  that  the  rector  voluntarily  goes  up  at  apjjointed  times  and 
preaches  among  them,  a  great  juirt  of  them  would  be  without  the 
lu'iiefits  of  a  minister  ;  that  to  add  to  this  difficulty  the  church  is  much 


70  •  •  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  N  T  C  1  T  T  .  '  ' 

too  little  for  a  parish  church,  many  of  the  parishoiiers  being  obligecl 
to  stay  at  home  for  want  of  room,  but  that  this  is  most  visible  at  pub- 
lic times,  as  we  humbly  conceive  is  apparent  to  the  constant  experience 
of  this  Honorable  House,  that  there  is  no  visible  way  to  remove  the 
first  of  these  difficulties,  but  by  contracting  the  parish  into  narrower 
bounds,  or  dividing  it,  nor  is  there  any  means  to  remove  the  latter 
l:)ut  by  enlarging  the  church,  but  no  both  these  are  rendered  imprac- 
ticable to  us  by  some  other  difficulties  which  we  shall  take  the  liberty 
of  naming  to  your  honors. ' ' 

The  first  remedy  was  open,  the  report  continued,  to  the  objection 
that  the  benefits  of  this  parish  are  already  so  small,  that  it  is  l)ut  a 
bare  support  for  "a  single  man  in  a  parish,"  but  to  that  is  added  that 
behig  '"Chaplain  to  the  public,"  he  "is  uiuxvoidably  exposed  to  much 
greater  expeuse  than  the  benfits  of  the  parish  can  defray"  wliich  lu\s 
often  been  the  cause  of  the  parish  being  without  a  minister. 

The  second  remedy  could  not  be  applied  as  the  vestrymen  had  no 
means  with  which  to  enlarge.  The  Legislature  took  no  notice  of  this 
P':inted  applications  for  an  increase  of  revenues. 

At  this  time  one  family  came  thirty  miles  to  church,  having  to 
drive  on  Saturday  into  the  neighborhood,  so  as  to  be  able  to  reach 
Cliurch  on  Sunday. 

[1723.]  iMay  7tli,  1723,  Alexandria  Prazier,  Robt.  Gordon,  Thomas 
Worthington,  Vachel  Denton,  Joshua  George  and  William,  obtained 
permission  to  build  at  their  own  expense  a  gallery  at  the  west  end  of 
the  church. 

[1727.]  April  4th,  1727,  several  parishoncrsof  St.  Anne's,  V.  Den- 
ton, Thomas  Worthington,  John  Beall,  and  Pliilif)  Hammond,  with  A. 
Frazier,  rector,  obtained  permission  to  build  a  chapel  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  parish.  This  was  asked  on  account  of  the  mconvenience  of 
reachir.g  Annaiolis  for  church.  Tlie  site  selected  was  the  head  of 
Soutii  Kiver.  No  churcli.  or  chapel  could  be  built  in  the  province 
without  th-  pe-mission  of  the  Lord  Proprietory,  and  he  had  delegated 
his  power  to  his  Governor,  Charles  Calvert,  who  gave  the  requisite 
license. 

May  2nd,  1727,  permission  was  granted  to  Mr.  Richard  Claggett 
•'to  erect  a  pew  where  the  font  st'.od,"  and  on  July  4,  the  vestrymen 
granted  permission  "to  erect  a  gallery  over  the  pews  appointed  for  tlia 
gentlemen  of  the  Assembly."  On  May  7,  1728,  the  following  petition 
on  the  same  taibject  was  presented  to  the  vestry  as  the  humble  peti- 
tion vf  some  of  the  parishoiiers  of  said  Parish  : 

[1728.]  "That,  in  consideratioa  of  the  s.nallness  of  the  parish  and 
that  there  was  muc  i  want  of  room,  you  were  pleased  to  encourige 
yo\;r  parishioners  l)y  giving  them  leave  sometimes  since  to  build  a 
gallery  tow;irds  the  north-east  end  of  the  taid  church,  and  your  peti- 
tioners madi.-  provisions  according  thereto,  but  some  vestries  after,  we 
understood  you  were  inclined  to  enlarge  the  said  gallery  by  making  it 
extend  from  near  the  jiulpit  all  over  the  assembly  pews  and  over  the 
chancel,  until  it  should  reach  near  the  Governor's  pew,  a  design  very 
much  wished  for  and  of  a  general  good  and  service,  and  by  these  con- 
trivances the  churcli  may  be  made  to  hold  almr.st  as  many  abive  as 
below.  And  we  are  humbly  of  opinion,  as  we  believe  all  good  and 
considerate  men  will  be  likewise,  that  the  be  ^t  ornament  to  a  church 
is  a  good  pastor  and  a  large  flock,  we  thank  God  we  are  blest  with  the 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  71 

one,  (Eev.  John  Ilnmphrey,)  but  want  of  room  ob.itructs  the  other. 
In  consideration  of  which,  we  with  patience  waited  to  know  your  reso- 
hitions,  and,  at  leng-th,  being  ordered  to  go  on  with  your  first  direc- 
tion which  we  did  accordingly  till  we  were  prevented  by  Mr.  John 
Beale,  who  told  us  not  to  proceed  any  further  'until  further  orders 
We,  therefore,  having  been  at  considerable  charges,  and  loss  of  time 
in  proceeding  with  the  said  work  according  to  your  orders,  humbly 
hope  your  honors  will  take  it  into  your  consideration.  And  we  beg 
leave  to  know  your  commands,  l)eing  fully  persuaded  that  it  will  l)e 
most  consistent  to  the  honor  and  praise  of  God,  and  to  the  great  benefit 
and  advantage  of  tlie  said  church  and  people.  In  hopes  of  which 
with  humble  submission  your  petitioners  as  in  duty  bound  shall  ever 
pray. 

'•Richard  Tootell.  Simon  Duff,  Peter  Werard,  Wm.  Ghiselen." 

The  vestry  ordered  the  petitioners  to  proceed  with  the  erection  of 
the  gallery. 

[1740.]  In  1740,  St.  Anne's  was  enlarged,  but  this  enlargement  did 
not  accommodate  its  increasing  congregation,  and,'  in  1741,  leave  was 
given  to  build  a  gallery  to  hold  eleven  pews. 

[1750.]  In  1750,  the  assembly  passed  a  tax  bill  to  raise  a 
sinkuig  fund  to  protect  the  colonists  from  border  ravages  by  the 
Indians.  In  the  taxables  were  bachelors.  A  list  from  eacli  parish 
was  ordered  to  be  returned  to  the  Government.  The  list  in  St. 
Anne's  Parish  included  Gov.  Sharpe  and  Rev.  John  McPherson,  the 
rector  of  St.  Anne's,  who,  not  caring  to  determine  whether  they  came 
under  the  list  of  taxables.  or  rot.  the  vestry  settled  their  status  for  them 
by  ordering  them  on  the  list.  All  over  25  years  of  age,  assessed  under 
£300  and  over  £100  were  taxed  five  shillings  eacli,  and  the  law  re- 
mained in  force  six  years.  Joshua  Frazier,  Richard  Green  and 
Allen  Quynn  paid  till  1751,  Baldwin  Lusby  paid  for  1756  ;  Caleb 
Davis  and  Emanuel  Marriott  for  1756-7,  and  Rezin  Gaither,  at  the 
head  of  Severn,  for  1756-7-8. 

[1756.]  Those  assessed  over  £300,  were  taxed  20s.  each  and  Wil- 
liam Stuart,  John  Ridout,  John  Gilliss,  and  Daniel  Wolfstenhome, 
Stephen  Bordley,  and  Charles  Carroll,  barrister,'  paid  it  for  six 
years.  James  Maceul)bin,  Beall  Nicholson,  of  Annapolis,  William 
Gaither,  head  of  Severn,  Charles  Hammond,  of  Philip,  and  John 
Griffith  paid  it  for  five  years.  Col.  Benj.  Tasker  and  Lancelot 
Jacques  ;  paid  the  tax  for  four  years.  James  Johnson,  John  Leadler, 
and  Zachariah  Hood  ;  paid  it  for  three  years.  Thelast  was  the  stamp- 
officer  in  1765,  and  had  to  flee  the  city  before  the  wrath  of  the  people. 
Moses  Maccubbin  and  John  Davis  jiaid  the  tax  for  two  years  ;  and  S. 
Lowe,  Charles  Cole,  William  Thornton,  Charles  Carroll,  Esq.,  Dr. 
Upton  Scott,  Robert  Stram,  Robert  Conden,  Benj.  Beall,  and  John 
Bennett  paid  it  for  one  year. 

Xon-attendance  upon  the  services  of  the  church  about  this  time  be- 
came such  a  serious  evil,  that  on  March  6,  1751,  the  wardens  of  St. 
Anne's  gave  this  public  notice  in  the  columns  of  the  Gazette  : 

"The  Church  wardens  of  St.  Anne's  Parish,  in  Anne  Arundel 
county,  do  here1)y  signify  that  we  shall  be  under  a  necessity  of  ob- 
serving the  Laws  of  this  Province,  and  the  Statutes  of  England,  re- 
lating to  religious  worship  :  and  more  particularly  the  14th  section  of 
the  fh-st  Elizabeth,  Chap.  2,  which  oblige  all  persons,  not  having  law- 


72  "  T  H  E  A  X  c  I E  X  T  C  I T  y  .  '  ' 

ful  excuse,  to  resort  to  tlicir  Parish  Church,  or  Chapel,  ou  every  Sun- 
day, and  other  days  ordained  and  used  to  be  kept  as  Holy  Days,  and 
then  and  there  to  abide  in  decent  manner,  during  the  time  of  common 
prayer,  preaching,  or  other  services  of  Uod  ;  and  therefore  request  all 
concerned  to  take  notice. 

''.Samuel  Howard.  Cainaliel  Butler,  Church  Wardens." 

On  the  29th  of  June  1701,  an  organ  loft  Avas  ordered,  the  first  men- 
tion looking  to  the  use  of  an  organ  in  the  church. 

Uii  the  2nd  of  February,  1708,  the  vestry  ordered  a  search  for  the 
deed  of  the  parsonage,  lot  K  in  Annapolis.  It  Avas  found,  and  was 
dated  17o9.  It  was  from  Philip  Key,  of  St.  Mary's  and  Theodosea, 
his  wife,  to  the  Eev.  Alex.  Williamson  and  vestry ;  consideration 
£20.  The  lot  is  described,  as  lying  on  the  Southwest  side  of  Hanover 
St..  running  South  156  feet,  and  Northwest  190,  tlie  whole  correspond- 
ing with  the  parsonage  used  until  the  present  decade,  and  which  is 
now  owned  by  Mrs.  Owen  A.  Iglehart. 

[1767.]  It  Avas  at  this  period  that  St.  Anne's  had  a  notorious  pas- 
tor, the  liev.  Bennett  Allen,  the  seventeenth  incumbent.  His  was  a 
spirit  born  to  intrigue  and  violence.  A  graduate  and  feilow  of  Wad- 
ham  College,  Oxford,  Ai)ril  20,  1767,  he  presented  his  letters  of  intro- 
duction to  the  vestry  from  Gov.  Sharpe.  Mr.  Allen  was  a  jiarticular 
friend  of  Lord  Baltimore,  who  wrote  Gov.  Sliarpe  to  give  him  what- 
ever he  wished  in  the  province.  Mr.  Allen  liad  his  eye  on  All  Saints 
Parisli,  in  Frederick,  which  was  wortli  nearly  85,000  per  annum,  and 
whilst  he  was  waiting  for  the  aged  rector  to  drop  into  his  grave,  he 
accepted  St.  Anne's.  For  a  year  all  went  well,  the  rector  being  held 
in  general  esteem,  and  with  lavish  hand  spending  a  whole  year's  in- 
come to  improve  the  glebe  house.  On  the  24th  of  October.  Mr.  Allen 
received  from  the  Governor,  a  license  as  curate  of  St.  James,  Anne 
Arundel,  and  the  rector  soon  after  dying,  he  received  letters  of  induc- 
tion and  became  its  rector,  w.alst  still  holding  on  to  the  rector- 
ship of  St.  Anne's  witli  the  consent  of  both  vestries.  Tnis  permission 
he  obtained  by  unfair  means,  and  for  it  received  a  challenge  from  one 
of  St.  James'  vestry.  He  also  became  involved  in  a  quarrel  with  Daniel 
Dulany,  Esq.,  it  is  said,  who  visited  him  with  personal  chastisement 
in  the  streets  of  xVnna]5olis. 

[1708.]  In  June  1708.  the  rector  of  All  Saints  buiug  dead.  Mr.  Allen 
was  presented  with  that  parish.  He  was  mobbed  on  the  very  first  Sun- 
day of  his  appearance,  under  the  iuHuence,  he  said,  of  the  Dulanys. 
Mr.  Allen  resigned  St.  Anne's  and  after  holding  on  to  All  Saints  one 
year  resigned  that  also. 

Allen  wasa  tory  aYud.  as  by  the  bill  of  rights,  the  support  of  the 
clergy  ceased  in  November,  1776,  he  returned  to  England.  There  on 
the  18th  of  June,  1782,  he  challenged  Mr.  Lloyd  Dulany,  formerly  of 
Maryland,  but  then  in  London,  and  killed  hin'i.  It  is'said  of  Allen 
that  he  died  in  wretched  ])0verty.  being  intemperate  anddegraded  about 
the  streets  of  London.  He  is  said  to  have  Ijeen  a  man.  not  only  of 
finished  scholarship,  but  of  fine  personal  appearance  and  address.  He 
was,  however,  destitute  of  princijde  and  piety,  profane,  grasping  and 
haughty;  "poor  wretched  maul""'" 

[1770.]  Nothing  went  on  in  Annapolis  at  this  time  that  escaped  the 
eye    or    ear    of    the  observant  Eddis,  who  arrived    in    Annapolis, 

t^Allen's  Histury  of  St.  Anne's.^ 


History  ofAnnapolis.  1?, 

September  4th,  1770.  "Understanding"  he  writes,  "that  I  was  in  time 
for  divine  service,  I  availed  myself  of  an  immediate  opportunity  to 
offer  up  my  fervent  acknowledgement  at  the  throne  of  grace.  *  '■■ 
«•  «■  The  exterior  of  the  church.  (St.  Anne's,)  hao  but  little  to 
recommend  it,  but  the  congregation  was  numerous.  The  solemn 
oflflces  were  performed  with  a  becoming  devotion,  and  my  mind  was 
in  perfect  unison  with  the  important  duties  of  the  day." 

[1771.]  St.  Anne's  was  the  only  church  in  the  city  and  notwith- 
standing ii  was  the  protege  of  the  State,  it  was  allowed  to  fall  into  a 
I'uinous  condition.  Its  minister  often  remonstrated  with  his  congre- 
gation and  urged  the  repairing  or  rebuilding  of  it.  Septembers,  1771, 
the  following  poem  appeared  in  the  Maryland  Gazette,  addressed  : 
"To  the  very  worthy  and  respectable  inhabitants  of  Annapolis,  the 
humble  petition  of  the  old  church,  showeth  : 

"That,  late  in  "century  the  last, 

By  private  bounty,  here  were  placed, 

My  sacred  walls,  tho',  in  truth, 

Tlieir  style  and  manner  be  uncouth  ; 

Yet,  whilst  no  structure  met  mine  eye, 

That  even  with  myself  could  vie, 

A  goodly  edifice  I  seemed. 

And  pride  of  all  Saint  Anne's  was  deemed. 

How  changed  the  times  ;  for  now.  all  round, 

Unnuml)ered  stately  piles  abound, 

All  better  built,  and  looking  down 

On  me  (piite  antequated  grown. 

Left  unrepaired,  to  time  a  prey, 

I  feel  my  vitals  fast  decay  ; 

And  often  liave  I  heard  it  said. 

That  some  good  people  are  afraid. 

Least  I  should  tumlile  on  their  heads. 

Of  which,  indeed,  this  seems  a  proof — 

They  seldom  come  beneath  my  roof. 

The  stadt-house,  that,  for  ])ulilic  good.  / 

With  me  co-eval  long  had  stood  ; 

With  me  full  many  a  storm  had  dared, 

Isl  now  at  length  to  be  repaired  : 

Or,  rather,  to  be  built  anew. 

An  hinour  to  the  land  and  you. 

Whilst  I  alone,  not  worth  your  care. 

Am  left  your  sad  neglect  so  V)ear. 

With  grief,  in  yonder  field,  hard  by, 

A  sister-ruin  I  es{)y  : 

Old  Bladens  place,  once  so  famed. 

And  now  too  well,  "the  tolly"  named. 

Her  roof  all  tottering  to  decay. 

Her  walls  a  mouldering  all  away  : 

She  says,  or  seems  to  say,  to  me, 

•Such  too,  ore  long,  thy  fate  shall  be.' 

Tho',  now  forever  gone  and  lo^■t, 

T  blusli  to  say,  how  little  cost. 

The  liandsome  pile  would  have  preserved, 

Till  some  new  perfect  had  deserved 


74  «'TheAnciextCitt.'' 

A  mansion  here,  from  us.  to  have 

As  good  as  Carolina  gave. 

But  party,  faction  (friends  that  still 

Have  been  the  foes  of  public  weal ) 

The  dogs  of  war  against  her  slipped, 

And  all  her  rising  honours  nipped, 

Of  sunshine  oft  a  casual  ray, 

Breaks  in  upon  a  cloudy  day, 

O'erwhelm'd  with  woe  :  methinks,  I  see 

A  ray  of  hope  thus  dart  on  me. 

Close  at  my  door,  on  my  own  laud. 

Placed  there,  it  seems,  by  your  command, 

I've  seen,  I  own,  with  some  surprise, 

A  novel  structure  sudden  rise. 

There  let  the  stranger  stay,  for  me, 

If  virtue's  friends,  indeed  one  be. 

I  would  not,  if  I  could,  restrain, 

A  moral  stage  ;  yet,  would  I  fain 

Of  your  indulgence  and  esteem, 

At  least,  an  equal  portion  claim. 

And,  decency,  without  my  prayers. 

Will  surely  whisper  in  your  ears, 

'To  pleasure,  if  such  care  you  shew, 

A  mite  to  duty,  pray  bestow.' 
Say,  does  my  rival  boast  the  art 

One  solid  comfort  to  impart. 

Or  heal,  like  me,  pour  forth  the  strain 

Of  peace  on  earth,  good  will  to  men  ? 

Merit  she  has  ;  but,  let  me  say. 

The  highest  merit  of  a  play, 

Tho',  Shakespeare  wrote  it.  but  to  name 

With  mine,  were  want  of  sense  or  shame. 

Why  should  I  point  to  distant  times. 

To  kindred  and  congenial  climes. 

Where,  spite  of  many  a  host  of  foes, 

To  God  a  mighty  temple  rose  ? 

Why  point  to  every  land  beside 

Whose  honest  aim  it  is.  a  pride. 

However  poor  if  be,  yet  still. 

At  least,  to  make  God's  house  genteel? 

Here,  in  Annapolis  alone, 

God  has  tlie  meanest  house  in  town, 

The  premises  considered,  I 

With  humble  confidence  rely, 

That,  Phenix-like,  I  soon  shall  rise, 

From  my  own  ashes  to  the  skies  ; 

Your  mite,  at  least,  that  you  will  pay. 

And  your  petitioner  shall  pray." 
The  poeua  accomplished  wliat  the  pastor  could  not.r     Tlie  congrega- 
tion resolved  to  erect  a  new  church. 

[1774.]  The  General  Assembly  was  appealed  to  for  aid,  and  at  its 
3Iarch  Session.  1774,  Chapter  il,  the  General  Assembly  appointed 
John  Ridout,  Samuel  Chase,  William  Paca,  Upton  Scott,-  and  Thomas 


II  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  P    A  X  N  A  P  O  L  I  S  .  ^5 

Hyde,  trustees,  for  building  in  Annapolis,  an  elegant  church  adorned 
with  a  steeple.  It  was  to  cost  £G,000,  and  £1,500  was  to  be  received 
from  the  State.  In  return  for  it,  there  were  to  be  provided  a  pew  for 
the  Governor,  a  large  one  for  the  Council,  one  for  the  Speaker,  all  to 
be  properly  ornamented,  and  other  jjews  for  the  members  of  the  Lower 
House,  one  for  the  Judges  of  the  Provincial  Court,  and  one  for 
strangers.  One  was  also  to  be  for  the  incumbent,  one  for  the  Wardens, 
and  one  for  the  Provincial  .luries.  Wiien  completed,  the  subscribers 
were  to  choose  their  pews,  preference  being  given  to  subscribers  of  the 
largest  amounts  ;  no  one  who  subscribed  less  than  £20  being  entitled 
to  a  pew.  Then  twenty  pews  were  to  be  sold  to  the  parishioners  by 
auction.  There  was  to  be  a  common  gallery  for  the  parishioners,  one 
for  servants,  and' another  for  slaves.  July  1775,  Mr.  Woodcock  was- 
allowed  £80  a  year  as  an  organist.  The  revolution  prevented  the 
erection  of  the  church,  and  the  theatre  was  used  to  worship  in. 

"It  wasnow,"  says  the  faithful  chroniclerof  St.  Anne's,  "a  dark  day 
for  the  church  in  Annaijolis.  Her  church  editice  had  been  taken 
down,  her  congregation  scattered,  her  minister  deprived  oi  his  sup- 
port" and  the  Parish  was  vacant. 

"In  the  last  twenty-six  years,  St.  Anne's  had  the  services  of  eleven 
clergymen,  not  averaging  two-and-a-half  years  to  each  one,  yet  no 
one  of  them  had  died  while  in  the  service  of  the  parish.  It  seems  to 
have  been  the  Point-Look-out  of  the  church  in  the  province.  All  save 
one  had  continued  in  the  parishes,  of  which  they  became  the  incum- 
bents on  their  leaving  here,  till  tlieir  death,  or  till  the  present  time. 
Malcolm,  Keene,  and  Boucher  were  certainly  eminent  men  in  their 
profession.  One  was  indeed  a  bad  man,  and  perhaps,  two  others  were 
of  doubtful  character.  But  Myers,  McPherson,  Edmyston,  Mont- 
gomery, and  T.  Lendrum.  all  were  of  fair,  if  not,  of  excellent  standing. 
Still,  what  had  been  gained,  for  the  church.  The  population  of  the 
parish  had  increased  jirobably  one-third  during  the  period  under  re- 
view, and  wealth  also  had  increased.  But  the  theatre  had  been  in- 
troduced, and  horse-racing,  card-playing,  dancing  and  drinking  had 
l)ecame  unrestrained,  and  Co, ernors  and  office-holders  had  upheld 
and  patronized  them,  not  less  than  did  the  proprietaries  themselves, 
and  the  church  iiad  shown  itself  powerless.  And  now,  it  was  in  the 
dust,  a  time  of  retriuution  had  come,  and  everything  was  dark." 

[1792.]  The  church  was  finally  completed  in  November,  1792,  eigh- 
teen years  after  it  was  commenced.  It  cost  £ti,000,  nearly  $:}0,000. 
The  church  was  110  feet  long,  and  90  broad,  and  was  surmounted 
with  a  tower.  On  the  outside  were  pilasters,  which  divided  the  wall 
into  panels,  and  long  windows  gave  it,  with  its  time-colored  bricks,  a 
sombre,  and  religious  appearance.  Inside,  the  church  was  frescoed. 
This  church,  with  its  modern  panels  and  posts,  in  green  and  white, 
encircling  the  yard,  remained  until  the  night  of  Sunday,  February 
14th,  1858,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  This  originated 
[1858.]  from  the  furnace  below  which  ignited  the  flooring.  About 
eleven  o'clock  the  ringing  of  the  bell  of  the  church 
summoned  the  citizens  to  the  destruction  of  this  ancient  edifice.  At 
first  the  bell  seemed  to  be  only  the  nine  o'clock  curfew ;  but  the  dole- 
ful cry  of  "fire,"  resounding  through  the  dark  and  quiet  streets  told 
another  story.  For  two  hours  the  flames,  unseen  and  inaccessible, 
lay  hidden  in   their  lairs,  pouring  forth  volumes  of    stifling  smoke. 


76  '  '  T  II  E   A  X  C  I  E  N  T   C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

This  sluraljer,  that  deceived  the  hopeful,  suddenly  ended  with  the 
flames  flaring  into  the  oeilinc,  daitin<?  from  the  roof,  and  leaping  to 
the  tower.  The  faithful  l)ell,  that  had  not  oca.-^ed  from  tlie  'oeginning 
of  the  fire  to  peal  its  own  requiem,  broke  the  stilly  atmosphere  with  its 
doleful  knell,  the  crackliuj;  timbers  joined  the  dirge,  the  pitiless  heat, 
sweeping  through  tlie  organ,  touclied  its  keys  with  fiery  fingers  and 
made  it  sing  its  own  death  song,  wliilst  a  passing  steamer's  sympa- 
thizing bell  and  faithful  women's  tears  attended  tlie  unexpected 
calamity.  In  a  few  hours  only  tha  l)are  walls  of  St.  Anne's  remained. 
The  laborers  employed  to  remove  tlie  rul)liisli  from  the  site  of  St. 
Anne's  unearthed  a  tombstone  l)earing  tlie  following  inscription  : 

"ME111-]  LYETIl  THE  IJODY  OK  JOHN  THE  ELDEST  SON  OF 
EVAN  .10NP]S  AND  MAKY  HIS  W1FI-:  ^V110  DYED  THE  3d  of 
7tber  ANO  d  m  1716  AGED  TWO  YEARS. 
Pe  diuch  nag  wylucli  yii  gaetli 

Dyfarucli 
Darfu  ty  mihvrueih 
llyii  0  gnawd  i  hynny  gwnaetli 
Prudd  ahvodd  i  jtridd  eilwaeth." 
The  latter  part  of  this  inscription  was  in  the  Welsh  language,  and 
was  cut  on  tlie  stone  in  very  rude  oiiaracters  in  lines  perj)endicular  to 
the  lines  of  the  first  part  of   the   inscrii»tion.     Mr.   Josejih  II.   Bellis 
translated  it.     He  said  it  was  a  verse  of  Welsh  poetry  : 
'•Do  not,  do  not  grieve  to  much. 

lle])ent ; 
I  have  finished  my  course. 
This  flesh  of  mine  for  that  was  made. 
Earth  called  to  earth  again." 
The  stone  was  of  rectangular  shape,. aliout  three  feet  long,  one-and- 
.a-half  feet  wide,  and  four  inches  thick,  with  bevelled  edges.      It   was 
steatite,  nnd  in  excellent  itreservation. 

The  following  was  copied  from  a  stone  which  had  been  lying  at  the 
east  end  of  the  church  for  many  years  : 

"Here  lietli  interred  the  body  of  Mr.  Amos  Gabrett  of  tlie  city  of 
Annapolis,  in  Anne  Arundel  county,  in  the  Province  of  Maryland, 
Merchant,  son  of  Mr.  .lames  and  3irs.  Sarah  Garrett,  late  of  St.  Olive 
street,  Southwork.  tlien  in  the  Kingdom  of  England,  now  a  part  of 
Orate  Brittain,  who  departed  this  life  on  March  the  8th,  1737. 
.Etatis  56." 
The  sioiic  was  of  white  marble,  and  the  inscription  is  below  a  coat 
of  arms  consisting  of  flcur  de  lis  and  a  grilliu  rampant. 

This  inscription  possesses  interest  to  Annapolitans,  from  the  fact 
that  Mr.  Garrett  was  the  first  Mayor  of  our  (*ity.  He  kept  a  store  in 
the  house  on  Green  street,  now  occupied  by  the  Public  School.  *  It  is 
said  that  after  his  death  his  body  was  arrested  for  debt,  and  kept  for 
seven  days,  as  was  allowed  by  an  old  law  of  England. 

The  third  St.  Anne's  was  rebuilt  the  same  year  the  second  was  de- 
stroyed. 

Hon.  George  Wells,  jiresident  of  the  Farmers"  Bank,  and  formerly 
presiding  officer  of  the  JIarylaud  Senate,  was  one  of  the  Wardens  of 
St.  Anne's  when  the  furnace  was  put  under  the  church.  He  remon- 
strated against  it,  and  when  the  edifice  was  burned,  lie  declined  to 


History  OP  Annapolis.  77 

srive  anythiujr  to  rebuild  it.  So  the  church  went  up  and  thebellless 
tower  was  finished.  One  day  a  thousand  doHar  bell  was  sent  to  the 
church.  The  j^ood-hearted  warden  had  kept  Ids  vow  and  also  showed 
his  fxenerous  sjnrit. 

[1887.]  A  change  has  come  over  the  spirit  of  her  dreams  since  the 
days  when  St.  Anne's  dragged  paltry  tithes  from  unwilling  tax-payers 
or  threatened  callous  citizens  with  public  pr(jsecution  unless  they  at- 
tended church  services. 

It  is  in  the  front  rank  of  good  works  and  charitable  deeds ;  its 
numerous  societies  for  the  benefit  of  its  parishioners  attesting  its  zeal, 
its  piety,  and  goodly  walk. 

From  the  report  of  the  rector  of  188(J.  Rev.  W.  S.  Southgate,  it  is 
found  that  St.  Anne's  has  a  Parish  Church  and  two  Chapels,  13  Sunday 
Schools,  44  teachers,  ;506  scliolars.  During  the  year  there  were  Bap- 
tisms 00  ;  Marriages  31  :  Burials  44  ;  Communicants  859  :  Contribu- 
tions for  the  vear  (including  completion  of  Chapel  and  repairs  of  Rec- 
tory) $11,430. 

St.  Anne's  Chapel,  East  Street,  was  begun  in  1877 :  lower  story 
being  used  for  services  in  1878.  The  Building  was  completed,  as  a 
memorial  of  Alexander  Randall,  in  1886.     Total  cost  about  SO. 000. 

St.  Philiirs  Chapel — a  place  of  worship  for  colored  people — origi-- 
nally  built  by  Zion  Baptists, was  l)ought  a  few  years  ago  and  fitted  up  for 
the  colored  congregation  now  using  it.  It  has  about  85  communicants. 

The  bell,  given  by  Queen  Anne's,  perished  in  the  fire  of  1858,  but  St- 
Anne's  retains  one  proof  of  its  honorable  age.  The  set  of  communion 
vessels,  now  used  in  St.  Anne's  Church,  consists  of  five  pieces  made 
in  Loudon  by  Francis  G-arthoruc  in  1(595.  They  are  all  of  solid  silver 
and  engraved  with  the  arms  of  William  III. 


CHAPTER  XX. 
King  William's  School. 

1696 1785. 

•■For  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  and  the  education  of  the  Youth 
of  this  province  in  good  letters  and  manners,"  the  act  of  1696,  chap- 
ter 17,  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland:  provided  that  "place  or 
places  for  a  free  school,  or  place  of  study  of  Latin.  Greek,  writing,  and 
the  like,  consisting  of  one  master,  one  usher,  and  one  writing  master 
or  scribe,  to  a" school,  and  one  hundred  scholars,  more  or  less,  accord- 
ing to  the  ability  of  the  said  free  school,  may  be  made  ejected  founded, 
propagated  established  under  your  Royal  patronage."  This  act  was 
addressed  "to  his  most  Excellent  Majestv,  &c.,  Dread  Sovereign," 
William  the  Third  of  England. 

This  law  further  enacted,  "that  the  most  reverend  Father  in  God 
Thomas,  by  divine  Providence  Lord  Archliishop  of  Canterbury,  Pi'imate 


78  '  '  T  H  E   A  N  C  1  E  X  T   C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

and  Metropolitan  of  all  England,  may  be  Chancellor  of  said  schools 
and  that,  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  your  majesty  it  may  be  called 
King  William's  School,  and  managed  l)y  certain  trustees,  to  be  chosen 
and  appointed  by  your  sacred  majesty  to  wit :  as  also  by  the  following 
trustees  nominated  and  appointed  ])y  this  present  General  Assem- 
bly, That  is  to  say,  by  your  Majesty's  said  Governor,  Francis  Nichol- 
son, Esq.,  the  Honorable  Sir  Tho.nas  Lawrence,  Baronet.  Col.  George 
Robothan,  Col.  Charles  Hutchins,  Col.  John  Addison,  of  your  Majesty's 
Honorable  Council  on  this  province  :  the  Reverend  Divine.  Mr.  Pere- 
grine Coney,  and  Mr.  -Tohn  Hewett,  together  with  Robert  Smith.  Kene- 
lin  Cheseldyne  Henry  Coursey.  Edward  Dorsey,  Thomas  Etuials,  Thomas 
Lasker,  Francis  .Jenkins,  William  Dent,  Thomas  Smith,  Edward 
Boothy,  Jno.  Thompson,  and  -Tolin  Bigger,  gentlemen,  or  the  great- 
est part,  or  the  successors  of  them,  upon  and  in  a  certain  place  of  this 
province,  called  Anne-Arundel  Town,  (now  Annapolis,)  upon  Severn 
River." 

The  trustees  were  given  power  to  hold  laud  to  the  value  of  £1500 
sterling  and  to  accept  all  other  personal  eifects  given  for  the  support 
of  the  various  schools  to  be  established  under  this  act.  The  official 
title  of  the  boards  of  management  of  the  various  schools  was  "the 
Governors,  and  Visitors  and  Trustees, "  who  were  limited  to  twenty 
and  of  whom  "one  discreet  and  fit  Person  shall  be  called  rector."  One 
hundred  and  twenty-pounds  per  annum  was  voted  to  each  free  school 
thus  established. 

In  the  proceedings  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  .July  3, 1091),  the  follow- 
ing is  found  : 

"The  new  elected  members  of  this  house  give  to  tiio  use  of  the  free 
schools,  to  wit  : 

£  tob.  '\ 
Mr.  Jas  Crawford,       1,000  |       ,p,^^^^   gentlemen    to    be 
Mr.  Jenkins.  1.000  .discharged  from  their  own 

Mr.  Wm.  Hutton,        1,000     ,,,,)scri;tionsin  their  several 
Mr.  Wm.  HeJmsley,        800     ,^,,„tyes." 
Mr.  Geo.  Ashman,  800 

Major  Wm.  Barber.        800, 
This  evidently  went  to  King  Williams  schoal  since  these    members 
were  to  be  discharged  from  "subscriptions  in  their  several  conntyes." 
"Mr.  Anthony  Workman  came  before  this  house,    (the  same  day) 
and  gave  £150  sterling  to  the  building  of  a  liouse  upon  a  lott  whicli 
his  excellency  had  already  given  togther  with  tenn    pounds  sterlings 
towards  building  the  said  house,  which  is  to  be  enjoyed  by  the  said 
Anthony  Workman  during  his  natural  life,  and  remayned  over  to  the 
use  of  the  free  schools.     Also,   the  said  Mr.  Workman   promised  to 
leave  all  improvements  upon  said  lott  in  good  and   sufficient  repair." 
This  house  was  built  and  Iving  William's  school  succeeded  to  the 
ownership  of  it. 

Iving  William's  school  was  thus  established  at  Annapolis.  Gov. 
Nicholson  gave  a  lot  and  upon  this  the  trustees  immediately  began 
the  erection  of  a  brick  school  house.  This  was  on  the  south  side  of 
the  State  House,  or  court-lumse  as  it  was  often  called,  very  nearly,  if 
not  on  the  site  of  the  De  Kalb  Statue.  The  name  of  School  street,  the 
street  that  connects  State  House  and  Church  circles — is  doubtless  a 
memento  of  this  ancient  seminary  of  learning.     It  was  a  plain  building, 


I 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  ''^ 

containing  besides  school-rooms,  apartments  for  the  teacher  and 
his  family.  It  was  completed  in  the  year  1701.  The  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don, sent  over  Mr.  Andrew  Geddess  to  take  charge  of  the  school,  but, 
he,  not  finding  it  finished  was  sent  to  All  Saints,  Calvert  county.  The 
earliest  mention  of  an  officiating  master  of  the  school  is  found"  in  the 
recordsof  St.  Anne's  jiarish.  They  record,  "Wed,  Xov.  9th,  1713.  Rev. 
Edward  Butler,  rector  of  St.  Ann's,  and  master  of  the  free  school, 
Annapolis."  Mr.  Butler  was  selected  as  rector  April  14,  1711,  and 
the  fact,  that  he  was  a  resident  of  Annapolis  before  that  period,  lias 
raised  the  presumption  that  he  had  been  master  previous  to  being 
rector. 

Unfortunately  information  regarding  this  interesting  seminary, 
"which  educated  the  celebrated  AVilliam  Pinkney,  is  exceedingly 
meagre.  .  The  act  of  1750,  chapter  20,  indicates,  however,  that  the 
school  was  not  witliout  friends  and  supporters.  By  authorizing  the 
sale  of  certain  lands,  it  shows  the  school  had  some  endowments  i)eside 
the  £120  voted  it  as  its  establishment.  This  act  authorized  the  rector 
and  visitors  of  said  school  to  sell  650  acres  in  Dorchester  county, 
devised  to  them  by  Thomas  Swithson,  late  of  Talbot  county,  and  also 
several  houses  and  lots  in  Annapolis  "of  which  they  are  seized."  The 
rector  and  visitors  were  directed  to  lay  out  the  money  "arising  from  the 
sale  of  said  lands,  and  the  said  lots  and  houses  in  the  city  of  Annapolis, 
at  interest  on  good  security,  for  the  use  of  said  school,  and  apply  the 
annual  interest  arising  therefrom  towards  the  payment  of  a  master, 
masters,  or  usher  of  the  said  school,  and  to  no  other  use  or  purpose, 
whatever  :  saving  to  his  majesty,  the  Lord  Proprietary,  and  all  others 
not  mentioned  in  this  act,  their  several  and  respective  rights." 

By  act  of  1774.  chapter  15.  the  "rector,  governors,  trustees,  and 
visitors  of  King  William's  school  in  Annapolis."  were  empowered  to 
receive  any  gift  of  lands  or  chatties,  provided  they  were  not  to  hold 
beyond  £200  annual  income.  By  the  same  act  any  seven  of  the  above 
board  were  empowered  to  transact  business  in  the  absence  of  the  rector. 
The  register  of  the  school,  also  by  the  same  act  was  required,  under  a 
penalty  of  £20,  to  give  notice  to  every  member  of  the  board,  residiiig 
in  Annapolis  or  any  member  whom  he  knows  happens  to  be  in  An- 
napolis, of  any  intended  meeting  of  the  corporation.  This  sug- 
gests there  may  have  been  secret  assemblies  of  a  clique  of  the  trustees 
for  sjiecial  purjwses,  and  this  act  was  to  check  these  ancient  "ways  that 
were  dark  and  tricks  that  were  vain." 

The  new  political  condition  of  the  province  required  in  1778,  the 
passage  of  a  law  enacting  that  any  number  of  the  visitors,  not  less 
than  three,  who  have  taken  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  support  the  State, 
may  manage  the  affairs  of  the  school, -and  execute  all  the  powers  of 
the  corporation,  until  some  three,  or  more,  shall  have  met  and  elected 
so  many  other  visitors  as  are  required  to  complete  their  full  numljer. 
This  election  they  were  enjoined  to  make  on  or  before  the  15th  of  .July 
following,  out  of  the  inhabitantsof  the  State,  "duly  qualified  who  have 
taken  the  oath  aforesaid." 

By  act  of  1785,  chap.  39,  the  property  and  funds  of  King  William's 
School  were  conveyed  to  St.  John's  College.  Among  the  chatties 
passed  to  the  college  was  a  number  of  "quaint  and  curious  volumes 
of  forgotten  lore."  which  still  remain  in  the  Library  of  St.  John's. 

Few  of  the  rectors  of  the  school  have  come  down  to  us,  but  about 


80  '  '  T  H  E   A  X  C  I  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

1756,  and  for  nine  years  after,  Mr.  Isaac  Dakeii  is  mentioned  as  mas- 
ter of  the  school.  On  the  ITth  of  August  1784.  Rev.  Ralph  Iliggiu- 
liotliam  was  ai>pointed  master  of  King  William's  School. 

The  record  of  the  graduates  of  King  William's  School  is  lost,  hut 
one  name  remains — that  proves  its  right  to  existence — William  Pink- 
ney's. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 
The  Second  State  House  in  Anxapolis. 

1706 1769. 

After  the  first  State  House  was  burned  in  1704.  a  committee  of  the 
Legislature  reported  that  the  old  walls  could  be  built  u{)on  in  "form 
and  manner  as  before,"  and  it  was  rebuilt  by  Mr.  W.  Bladen,  the  ar- 
chitect of  the  other  buildhigs.  The  price  was  not  to  exceed  11,000 
sterling,  Mr.  Bladen  was  given  the  l)enefit  of  all  "the  materials  saved 
out  the  fire  which  appertaiv.ed  to  the  old  court  house."* 

During  the  erection  of  this  l)uilding  the  House  of  Delegates  held 
its  sessions  in  the  house  of  Colonel  Edward  Dorsey,  in  Annapolis, 
the  iiisscm!)ly  meeting  twice  a  day,  from  8  o'clock  to  12  A.  M.,  and 
from  3  to  4  P.  M.,  and  was  called  together  by  the  beating  of  a  drum. 

Mr.  David  Ridgely,  who  wrote  the  "Annals  of  Annapolis"  in  1841, 
says  : 

"This  house,"  (the  second  State  House,)  "was  finished  in  1700, 
and  is  recollected  by  some  few  of  the  present  inhabitants  of  this  city 
— and  stood  where  the  present  state  house  now  stands.  It  is  de- 
scribed as  having  been  a  neat  l)rick  building.  It  was  in  form  an  ob- 
long-sqnare,  entered  by  a  hall — opposite  to  the  door  of  which  was 
the  judges'  seat,  and  on  each  side  thei-e  were  rooms  for  the  jury  to 
retire.  Over  the  judges'  seat  was  a  full  length  likeness  of  Queen 
Anne,  presenting  a  printed  charter  of  the  ciiy  of  Annapolis.  In 
this  house  the  General  Assembly  held  its  sessions.  A  handsome  cu- 
pola surmounted  the  building,  surrounded  by  balustrades,  and  furn- 
ished with  seats  for  those  who  desired  to  enjoy  the  beautiful  scenery 
around.  The  portrait  of  Queen  Anne,  just  mentioned,  is  said  to  have 
been  destroyed  during  the  revolutionary  war — when  everything  bear- 
ing the  semblance  of  royalty  was  in  bad  odour  with  oiir  republican 
sires. 

"About  the  same  period,  an  armory  was  built  near  the  court-house, 
•  lu  the  north  side  of  it.  It  is  represented  to  have  been  a  large  hall 
with  seats  around  it,  above  which  the  walls  were  covered  w'ith  arms, 
tastefully  arranged.  It  was  often  used  as  ball  room — from  the  vaulted 
roof  was  suspended  a  wooden  gilt  chandelier,  which,  when  lighted  n\), 
produced  a  brilliant  effect  by  the  reflection  of  the  li  ,ht  from  the  arms. 

*  The  Slate  House  \v;is  oKen  callod  Court  House. 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  81 

The  walls  of  the  hall  were  also  decorated  with  full  length  portraits  of 
Queen  Anne  and  Lord  Baltimore.  The  governor  and  council  held 
their  sessions  in  one  of  the  apartments  of  this  building. 

"On  the  south  side  of  the  court-house,  stood  the  memorable  academy 
of  King  William,  "t 

In  the  Treasury  Building  the  Governor  and  Council  also  held  their 
sessions,  and,  at  one  time,  both  Houses  of  the  Legislature  met  there  : 
probably  when  the  present   State  HQUse  was  in  course  of  erection. 

OctoV)er  1st,  1769,  ]Mr.  Eddis  wrote  of  the  State-house,  then  called 
the  Court  House.  J 

"The  court-house,  situated  on  an  eminence  at  the  back  of  the 
town,  commands  a  variety  of  views  highly  interesting  :  the  entrance 
to  the  Severn,  the  majestic  Chesapeake,  and  the  eastern  shore  of  Mary- 
land, being  all  united  in  one  resplendant  assemblage.  Vessels  of  va- 
rious sizes  and  figures  are  continually  floating  before  the  eye  :  which, 
while  they  add  to  the  beauty  of  the  scene,  excite  ideas  of  the  most 
pleasing  nature. 

"In  the  court-house,  the  representatives  of  the  people  assemble, 
for  the  dispatch  of  provincial  business.  The  courts  of  justice  are 
also  held  here  ;  and  here,  likewise,  the  public  offices  are  established. 
This  building  has  nothing  in  its  appearance  expressive  of  the  great 
purposes  to  which  it  is  a])i)ropriated  ;  and  l>y  a  strange  neglect  is  suf- 
fered to  fall  continually  into  decay  ;  Ijeing,  both  without  and  within, 
an  emblem  of  pul)lic  poverty,  and  at  the  same  time  a  severe  reflection 
on  the  government  of  this  country,  which,  it  seems,  is  considerably 
richer  than  the  generality  of  the  American  provinces. 

"The  council  chamber  is  a  detached  building,  adjacent  to.the  former 
on  a  very  humble  scale.  It  contains  one  tolerable  room,  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  governor  and  his  council,  who  meet  here  during  the 
sitting  of  the  assembly  ;  and  whose  concurrence  is  necessary  in  pass- 
ing all  laws." 

It  was  during  this  same  year  that  the  Legislature  became  imljued 
wth  sentiments  similar  to  those  entertained  by  Mr.  Eddis,  and  de- 
termined to  remove  this  "  severe  refle?tion  on  the  government,"  and 
the  second  State  House  was  pulled  down  to  make  room  for  the  third. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

The  Attempt  of  Richard  Clarke,  ix  1707,  to 
Burn  Annapolis. 

[1707.]  In  the  address  of  Gov.  .John  Seymour,  made  to  the  House 
of  Delegates  of  Maryland,  on  March  27th,  1707,  he  stated  that  among 
other  duties  the  members  of  the  Legislature  would  be  called  upon   to 

t  Riflgelv's  AnnaLs  of  Annapolis,  p.    106. 

+  Eddi>'  Letters,  p.  15. 

G 


82  "  T  H  E   A  X  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y.    " 

perform,  would  be  that  of  outlawing  "'Richard  Clarke,  whose  crimes 
are  so  notoriously  aggravated,  they  cry  aloud  for  justice." 

On  March  31st,  Col.  John  Contee.  Mr.  Robert  Bradley.  Mr.  William 
Frisbey,  Mr.  John  Watters,  and  Col.  Pearce,  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  investigate  the  crimes  against  Clarke. 

Annapolis,  at  this  time,  was  the  most  important  town  in  the  province 
of  Maryland.     A  plot  that  struck  at  it  was  no  small  conspii'acy. 

On  April  4th,  the  Lower  House,  in  its  reply  to  tlie  executive,  made 
in  accordance  with  custom,  said  to  Gov.  Seymour: — "We  are  very 
sensible  of  the  Great  and  dangerous  designs  wliich  have  been  carrying 
on  by  wicked  people,  enemy?  to  Her  Majestys  Government,  to  destroy 
the  records,  arms,  and  ammunition,  of  tliistoAvn,  and  all  that  was  neces- 
sary to  render  this  Government  safe  and  secure,  and  we  doe,  in  a  very 
deep  sence  thereof,  returue  you  our  hearty  thanks  for  the  great  care 
and  prudence  you  have  sliowed  in  the  preservation  of  all  those  things, 
and  the  preventing  the  effect  of  soe  dangerous  a  conspiracy,  and  we 
doe  humbly  pray  that  your  p]xceliency  would  l)e  pleased  to  give  order 
to  the  Atturncy  Generall  to  prosecute  all  such  jjersons  as  now  are,  or 
shall  be  found  to  !)e,  in  the  said  conspiracy." 

On  the  same  day  the  committee,  appointed  to  investigate  the  rase  of 
Clarke,  elected  Col.  .John Contee,  chairman,  and  jMr.  Richard  Dallam, 
clerk,  and  after  examining  a  large  mass  of  testimony,  worded  in  the 
quaint  phraseology  of  tliose  timss.  and  given  at  length  in  the  manu- 
script copy  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Lower  House  of  Maryland  of  1707, 
and  preserved  in  the  Land  office  at  Annapolis,  made  tlie  following  re- 
port to  the  House  : 

"The  Committee  having  fully  heard  and  considered  the  aforegoing 
declarations,  doe  humbly  reiiort  to  the  House,  that  they  find  there  was 
a  design  fram'd  by  Richard  Clarke,  Daniel  Wells,  and  a  certaine  per- 
son who  term'd  himself  a  saylor,  to  take  some  vessell,  and  get  what 
assistance  they  could,  in  order  to  disturb  her  Majestys  peace  and  gov- 
ernment, here,  to  make  an  attempt  upon  the  Town  of  Annapolis,  and 
burn  some  houses  there,  and.  whilst  that  consternation  continued,  to 
seize  the  magazine  and  powder  liouse  to  furnish  themselves  ^vith  arms 
and  ammunition  to  goe  a  privateering  ;  tliat  they  so  farr  prosecuted 
their  designe  as  to  gain  several  housekeepers  of  desperate  fortunes, 
and  other  disaffected  persons  to  their  party,  and  that  Clarke,  by  his 
prodigality  in  disbursing  and  spreading  about  the  counterfeit  money, 
(which  he  had  coined  himself.)  had  so  insinuated  himself  into  the  minds 
of  several  servants  belonging  to  persons  in  and  near  the  Towne  of  An- 
napolis and  elsewhere,  to  joine  with  them  in  their  cursed  and  wicked 
designe  and  intent ; 

"That  they  had  caballs  together  especially  at  Annapolis,  where  a 
time  for  their  goeing  was  prefix'd  to  be  some  time  in  March  last. 

"That  they  had  agreed  to  take  Mr.  Buff's  boate  and  if  that  (was) 
not  sufficient,  Mr.  Es-ans  Jones' Shallup,  or  any  other  vessell  fit  for 
their  tuine,  as  soon  as  they  had  done  their  mischief  here,  to  go  to 
Carolina.  That  Clarke  was  assisted  out  of  South  River  by  Daniel 
Wells  and  him,  called  the  Saylor,  who  afterwards  came  to  Annapolis 
to  prepare  the  others,  but  Wells  having  broke  some  of  Clarke's  money 
was  in  fear  of  being  apprehended,  whereupon  he,  the  saylor  an^ 
(William)  Simpson  had  a  meeting  at  the  house  of  Sinithers  in  An- 
napolis, and  then  Wells  and  the  Saylor  went  off  in  a  boat  and  pursued 
a  shallop,  wherein  was  Mr.  .Jacob  Lookerman,  Jr.,  and  one   Edward 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  P   A  N  N  A  P  0  L  1  S  .  83' 

Taylor,  bound  for  South  River,  but  not  gaining  their  intent  made 
their  way  down  the  Bay  and  came  within  a  day's  journey  of  Clarke, 
sometime  after  several  of  them  were  apprehended  in  Annapolis  and 
committed  to  prison  (to  witt)  Simpson,  Cooper,  Williams,  Peacocke, 
and  Keyton  where  they  now  lye  ))y  his  Excellency's  orders,  (who  we 
thinke  deserve  the  utmost  thanks  of  the  House  for  his  care  thei-ein,) 
for  had  this  cursed  and  villainaious  design  taken  Effect,  we  and  our 
prosterity  might  have  been  ruined  by  burning  of  the  Records  wliich 
we  are  of  opinion  was  the  Chief  Intent  and  designe  of  these  villaines. 

"As  to  those  persons  that  were  Runing  away  with  Mr.  Gales' 
sloop  at  the  Eastern,  we  are  of  opinion,  was  to  the  same  intent  of  the- 
others. 

"As  to  the  money,  we  conceive  Clarke  was  the  makerand  it's  plaia 
his  wife  the  disburser,  therefor,  to  Mr.  Caiu-oll. 

"As  to  Sylvester  Welch,  his  selling  the  country  powder,  its  very 
Y)lain  by  the  declaration  of  .John  Devall  and  Blezabeth  Pinley,  that- 
three  pounds  of  tlie  country  powder  was  sold  by  Welsh  to  Wells,  and 
it  is  the  opinion  of  this  committee,  that  the  several  persons  now  in 
prison,  and  concerned  in  the  same  design  and  conspiracy,  be  prose- 
cuted at  the  common  law,  and  that  the  Hpuse  give  order  to  her  Ma- 
jesty's Attorney  General,  to  proceed  according." 

The  committee  also  reported  that  William  Simpson,  whose  deposi- 
tion was  before  the  committee,  was  one  of  the  "chief e  actors  in  the  in- 
tended designe  of  Clarke  and  his  accomplicies  against  her  Majesty's 
Government,  also  tliat  Wells  and  the  privateer  followed  Clarke,  eaine 
to  Long  Island  in  the  Bay  where  Clarke  had  been  the  day  before,  and 
inquired  after  hini,  that  they  were  in  a  small  boat  well  armed,  that 
Wells  carryed  powder  and  shot  with  him  from  home,  pretended  they 
were  in  pursuite  of  Clarke  by  order  of  Major  Wilson,  that  Clarke  jn-e- 
tended  himself  a  merchant  going  to  settle  in  News  River  in  Carolina, 
said  many  people  of  i\Lirylaud  were  following  him,  and  used  many 
arguments  to  perswade  the  inhabitants  about,  the  Islands  to  goe  with 
him." 

The  House  concurred  in  the  report. 

Clarke's  pei'sonal  appearance  was  not  prepossessing.  He  is  de- 
scribed as  "having  a  flat  nose,  peaked  chinn,  and  under  jaw  out  setting 
the  upper."     He  was  also  addicted  to  drunkenness. 

The  bill  for  the  attainder  of  Clarke  was  passed  by  both  Houses  on 
the  9th  of  April. 

But  this  was  not  the  only  proceedings  had  in  the  Legislature  in  re- 
gard to  this  nefarious  plot.  The  records  of  the  two  Chambers  show 
that  the  General  Assembly  was  most  intensely  exercised  over  this 
conspiracy,  which,  if  comsummated,  would  have  been  exceedingly  in- 
jurioiis  to  the  colony. 

Capt.  Sylvester  Welch,  on  April  3rd,  was  called  before  the  Council 
to  answer  the  charge  of  selling  the  country's  powder  to  Clarke's  ac- 
complices. Capt.  Welch  replied  that  "he  did  spare  Daniel  Wells 
powder,  but  it  was  of  his  own — being  asked  what  he  had  done  with 
the  country  powder  he  had  of  his  Excellency,  he  said  what  was  left 
was  at  his  house  and  the  rest  he  had  fired  away  in  the  summer." 

"His  excellency  was  pleased,"  continues  the  record  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  council  of  1707,  "to  tell  him  that  he  did  not  believe  liim, 
and  discharged  him  from  his  command,  and  ordered  that  he  should  give 
good  security  for  his  behavior." 


84  "TheAncientCity." 

April  otli,  Major  Josiah  Wilson,  high  sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  county 
brought  before  the  Council,  "as  he  had  been  ordered  to  arrest  them, 
JohnSi^ry  and  Thomas  Brereton,  the  former  the  professed"  skipper 
of  the  sloop  Margaret's  Industry,  lately  arrived  from  Virginia  m 
South  Eiver,  after  the  goods  of  some  of  the  conspirators.  The  pro- 
ceedings say  "neither  of  the  said  persons  offering  to  make  an  Ingen- 
ious confession,  but  trifling  with  his  Excellency  and  the  board,  were 
ordered  to  be  committed  to  the  custody  of  the  Sheriff"  of  Anne  Arun- 
del county  untill  his  Excellency  and  the  Board  had  further  leisure  to 
Examine  them." 

It  was,  however,  gathered  that  Clarke  was  at  "Little  Wicomico,  in 
Virginia,"  awaiting  the  return  of  the  sloop.  It  was  also  discovered, 
probably  from  the  same  source,  "that  Clarke  haunts  Cartewrights,  at 
the  Rosey  Crowne,  in  Norfolk  Towne." 

Subsequently  Brereton  and  Spry,  in  council,  under  oath,  on  the  7th 
of  April,  confessed  that  they  had  been  sent  by  Clarke,  after  his  wife, 
children,  and  household  goods,  with  an  open  letter  to  Mr.  Hill,  who, 
ui  accordance  with  the  paper,  had  given  them  assistance. 

On  the  8th  of  April,  Thomas  Tench,  Esq.,  entered  the  Uouse  of 
Delegates  and  delivered  a  bill  of  attainder  against  Richard  Clarke 
and  the  following  message  -fi'om  the  council  : 

"The  bill  herewith  sent  to  House  for  the  attainder  of  Richard 
Clarke  is  thought  reasonable  by  this  Board,  since  this  is  the  second 
time  your  House  has  ordered  the  Attorney  Generall  to  prosecute  him 
and  his  accomplices,  and  that  hath  been  ineffectual,  and  although 
there  are  now  actually  four  bills  of  indictment  found  l>y  several  grand 
juries  of  this  province  against  him.  yet  divers  evil  persons  have  pre- 
sumed to  receive,  comfort,  and  aid  him,  whereby  he  has  been  able  to 
avoid  justice,  according  to  his  demerits,  sculking  within  tenn  miles  of 
this  place,  the  seat  of  government,  and  practicing  and  carryiug  on  his 
traitorous  and  wicked  designs." 

The  paper  was  read  and  referred  for  further  consideration. 

It  was  on  this  evidence  that  the  following  proceedings  were  had ; 

On  the  9th  of  April,  a  warrant  was  issued  by  the  council,  directing 
the  Sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  county,  to  arrest  Joseph  Hill  for  treason, 
and  to  keep  him  in  custody  until  "such  time  as  he  shall  be  delivered  by 
due  course  of,  law  therefrom."  This  process  was  recommended,  orap- 
proved  of,  by  the  Attorney  General.  Mr.  Hill  was  arrested  on  the 
10th,  and  brought  before  the  council  to  make  his  defence,  six  mem- 
bers of  the  House  appearing  to  represent  it :  Messrs.  Major  Low, 
Mr.  Young,  Col.  Greenfield,  Mr.  Hall,  Mr.  Spinner,  and  Mr.  Macall. 
The  Governor  opened  the  interview  by  telling  Mr.  Hill,  that  he  little 
expected  a  man  of  his  status  and  character  would  be  guilty  of  aid- 
ing, and  corresponding  with  those  that  were  enemys  to  her  Majesty's 
Government,  and  disturbers  of  the  peace  thereof.  The  depositions  of 
Spry  and  Brereton  were  read  to  Mr.  Hill,  who  then  "denyed  ever  the 
evidence  mentioned  Clarke's  name  to  him,  and  says  that  he  has  not 
seen  him  for  about  twelve  months,  nor  does  he  know  where  he  now  is." 
Mr.  Hill  denied  ever  recei^ing  a  letter  from  Clarke  by  the  two  wit- 
riesses  who  were  called  in,  confronted  him,  and  affirmed  that  they  had 
deUvered  to  him  the  letter  in  question.  The  Council  concluded  their 
inquiry  by  informing  him  that  they  would  at  present  have  nothing 
further  to  say  to  him,  as  he  had  given  bail. 


HisTORYOF   Annapolis.  85 

On  the  11th  the  depositions  were  sent  to  the  Lower  House,  and  Mr. 
Hill  was  desired  to  withdraw  from  it  as  "the  House  find"'  tlie  deposi- 
tions I'elate  "some  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors  supposed  to  be  com- 
mitted by  Mr.  Joseph  Hill,  a  member  of  this  House."  The  accxised 
withdrew,  and  the  House  after  fully  considering  and  debating  the  sub- 
ject resolved  that  Mr.  Hill  be  expelled  from  the  House  "till  he  be 
cleai-ed  of  what  is  lay'd  to  his  charge.'"  The  expelled  member  was 
then  called  into  the  House,  and  informed  of  its  action,  when  he  with- 
drew. 

It  seemed  that  the  House  wished  the  evidence  of  Spry,  Brereton, 
and  Thos.  Richetts  entered  on  their  Journal,  probably  as  a  justifica- 
tion of  their  actions.  The  Council  only  gave  consent  to  put  it  in  at 
the  end,  as  tliey  did  not  wish  to  have  the  Queen's  Evidence  Divulged 
before  trial,  as  "they  Avere  unwilling  to  trust  to  Mr.  Taylard,  their 
Clark'e  integrity,  in  that  he  may  give  out  a  copy."  The  House  did 
not  agree  to  this,  and  sent  a  message  saying  that  they  ought  to  be  in- 
serted the  same  day  they  were  read  in  the  house.  The  Council  agreed 
to  this  on  condition  to  whicli  the  House  consented,  that  they  "be  close 
sealed  up  untill  Mr.  Hill's  Tryall  was  over." 

What  punishment  was  meted  out  to  the  conspirators,  their  abettors, 
and  sympathizers  is  not  known.  The  Court  records  of  Anne  Arundel 
of  that  period  have  not  been  discovered  after  research.  The  act  of 
attainder  which  passed  this  session  upon  Clarke,  and  which  set  forth 
that  he  "had  obstinately  refused  to  surrender  himself  to  justice,"  was 
not  the  first  measure  that  had  been  taken  against  him.  In  1705,  he 
had  been  outlawed  for  the  same  character  of  ofliences.  It  is  very 
probable,  as  our  records  and  history  are  so  silent  upon  the  subject, 
that  Clarke  himself  never  suffered  the  penalty  of  the  law  for  his 
treasonable  designs. 


CHAPTER  XXIIl. 

Anxapoi.is  is  Made  a  City. 

On  the  10th  of  August,  1708,  Annapolis  received  its  charter  as  a  city, 
which  was  granted  hj  the  honorable  John  Seymour,  the  royal  Gover- 
nor of  Maryhand.  "It  appears  to  have  been  one  of  his  favourite  de- 
signs, and  was  proposed  by  him  to  the  assftnbly,  as  early  as  1704.  No 
measures  being  adopted  hj  the  latter  to  carry  his  wishes  into  effect, 
he  at  length  conferred  tlie  charter  by  virtue  of  the  prerogative  of  his 
office.  Under  this  charter,  Ix'sides  the  powers  and  privileges  relative 
to  the  organization  and  exercise  of  its  municipal  government,  the  city 
of  Annapolis  obtained  the  privilege  of  electing  two  delegates  to  the 
general  assembly."* 

This  privilege  the  city  retained  until  1836.  That  year  it  was  re- 
duced to  one  representative,  and  finally,  in  1840,  it  lost  this  remnant 

*  McMahou's  JliJ.  p.  255. 


8C  ''TheAncientCitt.'' 

of  its  ancient  importance,  and  was  merged  into  the  county  of  Anne 
Arundel.  By  the  act  of  1840,  Annapolis  was  continiied  as  the  Capital 
of  the  State  and  tlie  piace  of  holding  tlie  Court  of  Appeals  for  the 
Western  Shore,  and  the  high  Court  of  Chancery.  The  act  of  1837, 
made  it  the  residence  of  the  Governor.  These  honors  have  been  in- 
corjiorated  in  the  organic  law  of  the  State  and  are  part  of  the  present 
Constitution  adopted  in  1867. 

The  following  was  the  petition  presented  to  Governor  Seymour,  by 
the  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  Common  Council,  and  sundry  citizens 
of  Annajjolis,  asking  a  charter  for  the  city  : 

"To  His  Excellency,  John  SeymouPv,  Esq., 

"The  humble  pet  icion  of  theCorporacionof  theCittyof  Annapolis,  and 
the  greater  i^arts  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  same,  humbly  showeth  : 
"Tluxt,  whereas,  in  her  most  gracious  majesties  in  behalf  of  yor.  Ex- 
cellency, for  the  bentfitt  of  her  dutifull  subjects,  inhabitants  in  this 
place  was  pleased  to  grant  them  a  Charter,  incorporating  thereby  this 
late  toATie  of  Annapolis,  into  a  Citty,  it  haveing  formerly  had  the 
honour  in  Remembrance  of  Princess  Anne,  now  our  good  Queen  to  be 
erected  into  a  towne,  and  in  a&  much  as  it  is  the  seat  of  Government 
the  best  situated  and  most  conveniei'.t  place  for  trade,  wherein  are  a 
greater  number  of  inhabitants  than  in  any  other  place  in  this  her  ma- 
jesties Province,  who  are  desirous  that  that  parte  of  her  majesties  grant 
to  this  Citty,  impowering  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  five  of 
the  Common  Councillii.en,  to  ellect  and  send  two  representatives  to 
the  Generall  Assembly,  to  serve  as  Burgesses,  for  rhis  Citty,  may  be 
enlarged,  May  it  therefore,  please  yor.  Excellency,  soe  farr  to  enlarge 
the  Charter  that  all  persons  beine:  free-holders-  in  this  Citty,  (that  is  to 
say,  owning  a  whole  lott  of  land  with  a  house  built  thereon,  according 
to  law,)  and  that  all  persons  actually  resideing  and  i  habitting  in 
this  Citty  haveing  a  visible  esta-vC  of  the  valine  of  twenty  pounds, 
sterling,  and  all  soe,  that  all  persons  1  hat  hereafter  shall  serve  five 
years  to  any  trade  within  this  Citty,  and  shall,  after  the  expiracion  of 
their  time  be  actually  housekeepers  and  inhalntantsinthe  same,  (they 
first  taking  the  oath  of  free  citizens,)  may  have  a  free  vote  in  the  ellect- 
ing  such  representatives  or  Burgesses  to  serve  hereafter  in  all-  Gen- 
erall Assemblys  as  in  the  said  Charter,  is  expressed  and  further  that 
after  the  Decease  or  Removall  of  any  of  the  Comii.on  Councilimen, 
already  ellected.  and  sworne  by  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Aldermen, 
of  the  said  Citty,  all  the  freemen,  inhabitants,  as  aforesaid,  may  have 
a  free  vote  in  the  ellecting  of  another  Common  Councillman,  or  Com- 
mon Councilimen,  to  serve  in  this  or  their  place  andslead  ;  and  it  is 
further  most  humbly  prayed,  that  noe  person  or  persons — after  the 
next  Generall  Asseir.bly,  (notwithstanding,  being  madfc  freemen  of  the 
Citty,  j  shall  have  an  ellection  voyce  in  the  chuseing  of  Burgesses,  or 
Representatives,  for  this  Citty.  untill  they  have  lieen  made  free  three 
months,  which  is  the  humble  desire  of  your  petitioners,  the  suljscribers, 
and  as  in  duty  bound  wee  will  ever  pray,  &c. 
"Amos  Garrett,  Mayor  ;  WornellHunt,  Recorder  ;  Wm.  Bladen, John 
Freemen,  Benjamin  Fordham,  Evan  .Jones,  Thomas  Boardley,  .Tosiah 
"Willson,  Aldermen. 
"William  Haughton.  Charles  Crowley,  Wm.  EUott,  Richard  Thomp- 
son, Samuel  Ne\vill,  Wm.  Gaylard,   John  Grosham,  Jr.,  Cha.  Kill- 


HistoryopiAn>-apolis.  87 

bourne.  Math.  Beard.  Tho.  Jones,  Patrick  Ogilvie,  Cadder  Edwards, 
Common  Councillmen. 

"John  Baldwin,  John  Brice,   Tho.   Donera,  Richard  Younsj.  James 

Wotton.    Christoplier  Sniithers,   Joseph  Hiimphrey,  John  B. 

"Wm.  Gwyn.   Richard  Bnkardike,   Richard  Kolk,  Thomas  Holmes, 
John  Xovarre,  Wm.  Diirdan." 

The  ])etition  was  acted  upon  immediately.  The  records  bear  the 
annexed  endorsement : 

"November  th^  18th,  1708.  The  within  petticion  syranted  and 
ordered  that  the  Corjioraicon  prepare  a  Charter  as  within  prayed,  to 
be  signed  by  his  Excellency,  and  on  her  majesties,  behalf e  sealed,  with 
ihe  greate«seals  of  this  Province, 

Signed  ]3er  Order, 

W.  Bladex,  Clerk  Council." 

This  was  the  charter  : 

''The  Charter  of  the  City  of  Annapolis. 

"Anne,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  Greate  Brittain,  France,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  Dominions  thereiiuto  belonging,  Queen,  Defender  of  the  faith, 
&c.  To  all  and  singular  our  faithfull  subjects  within  our  Province  of 
Maryland,  Greeting,  whereas,  there  is  a  very  pleasant,  healthful  and 
comodius  place  for  trade,  by  act  of  the  Generall  Assembly  of  this  our 
Province,  laid  out  for  a  towne  and  porte,  called  Annapolis,  in  honour 
■of  us,  which  said  towne  and  porte,  hath  in  few  years  (especially,  since 
the  accession  of  our  trusty  and  well  beloved  John  Seymour,  Esq.,  our 
Capt.  Generall  and  Governour-in-Chiefe,  of  this  our  Province,  to 
the  Government  thereof, )  very  considerably  encresed  in  the  number 
of  its  inhabitants  as  well  as  buildings,  both  public  and  private,  soe 
that  it  oxcelleth  all  other  townes  and  portsin  our  said  province,  and 
for  that  our  present  seate  of  Government,  within  our  province  afore- 
said, is  fixed  att  the  said  porte  and  towne,  whereby  the  same  is  become 
the  chiefe  mart  of  the  whole  coimtrey,  wee,  being  willing  to  encourage 
all  our  good  and  faithfull  subjects  as  well  att  present,  resideivig  and 
inhabitting.  or  which  hereafter  shall,  or  mayinhabitt,  ori*eside  within 
the  said  porte  of  Annapolis,  of  our  Royall  Grace,  good  will,  and  raeer 
motion  with  the  advice  of  our  Council!,  in  our  said  province,  have 
thought  fitt.  and  doe  by  these  our  letters  pattents,  constitute  and 
erect  the  said  towne  and  porte  of  Annapolis,  together  with  the  circuits 
and  jn-esincts  thereof,  includeing  the  lands  heretofore  laid  out  for  the 
said  towne  and  porte  of  Annapolis,  publick  pasture,  and  towne  com- 
mon together,  with  the  River  and  Creeks  adjacient,  into  a  Citty,  by 
the  name  of  tne  Citty  of  Annapolis,  and  doe  gx-ant  to  the  inhabitants 
of  the  said  Citty  that  the  same  Citty  shall  be  incorporated  a  Citty,  con- 
sisting of  a  Mayor,  one  person  learned  in  the  law,  stiled.  and  bearing 
the  office  of  Recorder,  of  the  said  Citty,  and  six  Aldermen,  and  tenn 
other  persons  to  be  Common  Councillmen,  of  the  said  Citty,  which  said 
Mayor.  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Councillmen  shall  be  a 
body  incorporate,  and  one  comunity  forever  in  right,  and  by  the  name 
of  Mayor.  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Councill.  of  the  said 
Citty  of  Annapolis,  shall  be  able  and  capable  to  sue  and  be  sued  att 
law,  and  to  act  and  execute,  doe  and  performe  as  a  body  incorporate, 
which  shall  have  succession  forever,  and  to  that  end  to  have  a  com- 
mon scale,  and  that  Amos  Garrett,  Esqr.,   one  of   the  inhabitants  of 


88  '  '  T?  H  E   A  N  CI  E  X  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

the  said  Citty,  shall  for  the  present  be,  and  be  named  Mayor  of  the 
said  Citty,  for  the  ensueing  year,  and  Wornell  llvuit,  Esqr.,  Recorder 
thereof,  and  William  Bladen,  John  Freemen,  Benjamin  Fordham, 
Evan  Jones,  Tho.  Boardley,  and  Josiah  Willson,  Esqrs.,  inhabitants 
of  the  said  citty,  shall  be  Aldermen  thereof,  soo  long  as  they  shall 
well  behave  themselves  therein,  haveing  first  taken  and  snbsciibed  the 
test  and  severall  oatlis  for  secnrity  of  the  Government,  as  by  Law  es- 
tablished and  allsoe  the  oath  appointed  by  lis  or  our  present  Gover- 
nour.  to  l)e  taken  by  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Aldermen  of  the  Citty 
of  Annapolis,  afoi-esaid  ;  Which  shall  be  administered  to  them  by  our 
Governour-in-Chiefe,  keeper  of  the  greate  scale  of  this  our  province 
for  the  time  being,  or  by  such^other  person  or  persons  as  wee,  our  heirs, 
and  successors,  or  our  Gov.  aforesaid,  for  tlie  time  being,  sliall,  from 
time  to  time,  authorize  and  appoint  to  administer  the  same,  and  wee 
grant  that  the  said  Mayor,  Rceordei  and  Aldermen,  or  the  Major  parte 
of  them  shall  ellect  and  choose  some  others  of  the  most  sufficient  of 
the  iuhal)itants  of  the  said  City,  being  freemen  thereof,  to  be  of  the 
Common  Councill  of  the  said  City,  for  soe  long  time  as  they  shall  well 
behave  themselves,  and  to  perpetuate  the  succession  of  the  said  Mayor, 
Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Councill  in  all  times  to  come,  wee 
doo  grant,  that,  for  the  future,  they  shall  assemble  in  some  convenient 
place  in  the  said  citty,  upon  the  feast  day  of  St.  Michaell.  the  Arch- 
angell,  in  every  year,  and  shall  ellect  and  choose  by  the  Major  vote  of 
such  of  them  as  shall  be  then  present,  one  other  of  the  Aldermen  of 
the  said  citty,  for  the  time  being,  to  be  Mayor  of  the  said  citty,  for 
the  ensuing  year,  and  upon  decease  or  removeall  of  the  said  Mayor,  of 
the  said  citty,  for  the  time  being,  or  upon  any  decease,  or  decTeasses, 
removeall,  or  removealls,  of  the  said  Recorder,  or  Aldermen,  or  any 
of  them,  or  within  one  month,  after  sucli  respective  decease,  or  de- 
ceases, removall,  orremovalls,  the  residue  of  tlie  said  Alderm«.ii,  to-_ 
gether  with  the  said  Mayor,  or  if  he  shall  be  living  or  tho  major  part 
of  them  whom  shall  at  a  set  time  by  them  to  be  appointed  within  ye  said 
citty  and  presincts  ellect  and  nominate  some  other  jjerson  or  persons 
to  be  Mayor.  Recorder,  Alderman  or  Aldermen  of  the  said  Citty  in 
the  place  and  places  of  such  person  or  persons  soe  deceased  or  re- 
moved respectively  as  the  case  shall  require  soe  as  the  said  mayor  to  be 
Ellected  and  nominated  to  be  att  the  time  of  such  EUectiouand  nomi- 
naion  actually  one  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  said  Citty  and  soe  as  the 
said  Recorder  soe  to  be  Ellected  and  nominated,  be  a  person  learned 
in  the  law,  soe  as  the  said  Alderman  or  Aldermen  soe  to  be  Ellected 
and  nominated  be  actually  att  the  time  of  sucli  Ellection  and  Nomi- 
naciou  of  the  Common  Councill  of  the  said  City,  the  said  Mayor,  Re- 
corder, or  Alderman,  or  Aldermen,  soe  to  be  Ellected  and  Nominated, 
first  Takcing  the  severall  and  Respective  Oaths  before  mencioned  to  be 
appointed  as  aforesaid,  and  shall  likewise  then  fill  up  by  the  Election  of 
the  free  Voters  of  the  said  Citty,  out  of  and  from  among  tlie  Inhabit- 
tants  and  freeholders  of  the  said  Citty.  the  full  number  of  tenn  persons 
to  be  Common  Councillmen,  and  that  tlie  said  persons  hereby  appointed 
and  named  or  hereafter  to  be  Elected  and  nominated  mayor.  Recorder, 
or  Aldermen,  be  Justices  of  the  peace  within  tlie  City  presincts  and 
liberties  thereof,  having  first  taken  the  oaths  usually  appointed  to  l)e 
taken  by  the  Justice  of  the  Peace,  the  said  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Al- 
dermen hereby  named  and  appointed  or  hereafter  to  be  Elected,  noini- 


History  OF  Annapolis.  89* 

nated,  or  any  three  of  them,  whereof  the  said  Mayor  or  Recorder,  for 
the  time  being,  shall  be  one,  shall  have,  within  the  presincts  of  the 
said  Citty,  full  power  and  authority  to  make  ConstaV)les  and  otlier 
nessessary  officers,  and  to  rule,  order,  and  govern  the  inhabitants 
thereof,  as  justices  of  the  peace,  are  or  shall  be  authorized  to  doe,  and 
shall  have  power  to  execute  all  the  Laws,  Ordinances,  and  Statutes,  in 
that  behalfd,  made  as  fully  and  amjily  as  if  tliey  were  authorized 
thereto,  by  express,  commission,  named  therein,  willing  and  com- 
matuling  that  noe  other  justices  of  the  peace  or  quorum  within  our 
said  county  or  province,  doe  att  any  time  hereafter,  take  upon  them 
or  any  of  them  to  execute  tlie  olhce  of  a  justice  of  peace  within  the 
said  Citty,  or  in  tlie  presincts  thereof  ;  notwithstanding  any  coraission 
at  large,  authoriseing  them  thereunto,  saveing  the  authority  and  juris- 
diction of  her  majesties'  justices  of  oyer  and  terminer  and  Groale  de- 
liver, now  or  hereafter  to  be  assigned,  dureing  the  time  of  their  holde- 
ing  their  severall  respective  Courts  in  the  said  Citty,  and  further  wee 
will  and  grant  unto  the  said  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Co'nmon  Councill 
of  the  said  Citty,  for  the  time  being,  full  power  and  authority,  after 
the  space  of  six  years,  to  ellect  a  Sherriff  for  the  said  Citty,  but  that 
untill  tlicii  the  JSheniif  of  Anne  Arundell  county  for  the  time  being, 
shall  be  Sherriff  of  tlic  said  (tounty  and  to  make,  order,  and  ap[)oint 
such  by-laws  and  ordinances  among  themselves,  for  the  regulacion 
and  good  Government  of  Trade  and  other  matters  exigences  and 
things  within  the  said  Citty  and  presincts,  as  to  them,  or  the  major 
parte,  shall  seem  meet  to  be  consonant  to  reason  and  not  contrary,  but 
as  near  as  conveniently  may  be  agreeable,  to  the  Laws  and  Statutes- 
now  in  force,  which  ^aid  Bye-laws,  shall  be  observed,  kept,  and  per- 
formed by  all  manner  of  persons,  Tradeing  and  Resideing  within  the 
said  Citty,  under  such  reasonable  pains,  penalities,  and  forfeitures,  as 
shall  be  imposed  Ijy  the  said  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Com- 
mon Councillmen,  or  the  major  jiarte  of  them  then  assembled  from  time 
to  time,  not  exceeding  forty  sliillings  sterling,  the  said  pains,  penal- 
tys  and  forfeitures  to  l)e  raised  by  distress,  and  sale  of  the  goods  of  such, 
person  offending,  and  tu  be  employed  for  the  publick  benefitt  of  the 
said  Citty  att  their  diseression  ;  and  further,  wee  doo  grant  and  give 
fill]  power,  lycence,  previllidge,  and  authority,  to  the  Mayor,  Recorder,. 
Aldermen,  and  Common  Councillmen  of  the  said  Citty,  for  the  time 
being,  and  their  successors  forever,  and  alsoe  all  free-holders  of  tlie 
said  Citty,  that  is  to  say,  all  persons  owneing  a  wliole  lott  of  land 
with  a  house  built  thereon,  according  to  law,  and  all  persons  actually 
resideing  and  inliabitting  in  the  said  Citty,  haveing  a  visable  estate  of 
the  valine  of  twenty  pounds  sterling,  att  the  least,  and  likewise,  all  per- 
sons hereafter  who  sliall  serve  five  years  to  any  trade  within  this  Citty, 
and  shall,  after  the  expiracion  of  their  time,  be  actually  housekeepers 
and  inhabitants  in  the  same,  to  send  two  cittizens  and  delegates  to 
every  one  of  our  assembly  or  assemblys,  hereafter  to  be  held,  or  att 
any  time  or  times,  hereafter  to  be  called,  to  be  held  for  this,  our  said 
Province  of  Maryland,  to  be  elleeted  and  chosen  out  of  the  inhabit- 
tants.  actually  behig  and  resideing  within  the  said  I  itty,  haveing  a 
freehold  or  visable  estate  of  the  valine  of  twenty  pounds  sterling 
therein,  by  the  said  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  Common  Councill- 
men, Freeholders,  and  Freemen  as  aforesaid,  or  the  major  parte  of 
them  being  present,  by  virtue  of  our  writt   or   writts  of  action  to  be 


90  '  '  T  H  E     A  N  C  I  E  N  T     C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

sent  to  them  for  tliat  purpose,  wliich  said  writtor  writts.  wee  doe  here- 
by "^nuit,  shall  be  issued  out  and  sent  to  the  said  Mayor,  Recorder,  and 
Aldermen,  soe  often  as  occasion  shall  require  ;  provided,  that  all  such 
ellector  or  voters  as  aforesaid,  doe  take  an  oath  to  be  true  to  the  in- 
terest of  the  said  Citty  before  they  be  admitted  to  such  vote  ;  and  pro- 
vided, alsoe,  and  att  all  times  after  the  end  of  the  next  Generall  As- 
sembly, to  be  held  for  this  provirce,  noe  Freeman,  as  aforesaid,  not 
"being  a  freeholder  as  aforesaid,  shall  have  the  libertie  of  such  vote  as 
afore.aid.  until  free  three  montlis,  after  such  his  freedom  obtained  ; 
and  when  hereafter,  there  shall  happen  any  Generall  Assembly  to  be 
held,  according  as  writts  shall  be  sent  to  the  severall  and  respective 
counties  for  ellecting  Deputies  or  Delegates  for  their  severall  and  re- 
spective counties  in  this  our  province  of  Maryland,  wee  further  grant 
that  the  said  cittizens  and  delegates,  by  them  soe  as  aforesaid  ellected 
and  sent,  shall  have  full  and  fi'ee  votes  and  voices  in  all  and  every 
of  our  Generall  Asseml)lys,  touching  or  concerning  all  matters  or 
things  thereto,  to  be  discoursed  and  handled  as  other,  the  Deputies  or 
Delegates  of  the  severall  and  rc'-peetive  countys,  formerly  have  had, 
now  have,  or  hereafter  shall  have  ;  and  further,  wee  grant  and  give 
lycenci,'  to  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Councill  of 
j;he  said  Citty,  for  the  time  being,  and  their  successors  forever,  to  have 
and  to  hold  two  markotts  weekly  within  this  said  Citty,  on  every 
Wednesday  and  Saturday  in  the  weeke,  in  some  convenient  place  to 
be  by  them  appohited  within  the  presincts*  Liberties  of  the  said 
Citty,  and  alsoe  two  fairs  yearly  lo  be  kejit  on  Munday,  otlierwise, 
called  St.  Phillip  and  Jacobs  Day,  and  on  the  feas';  of  St.  Michaell, 
the  Archangell,  or  on  the  next  Day  succeeding,  each  or  either  of  tliem, 
in  case  they  shall  happen  to  fall  on  the  Lord's  Day.  for  the  sale  and 
vendiiiij:  all  raannor  of  goods,  cattle,  wares,  and  merchandizes  whatever, 
on  which  said  fair  Days  and  first  two  days  before  and  after  all  persons 
eomeing  to  the  said  fairs  tog'-thcr  with  their  cattle,  goods,  wares,  and 
merchandizes,  and  returning  thence  shall  be  exanpt  and  previllidged 
from  any  arrest,  attachments,  or  executions  whatsoever,  and  that  the 
said  Mayor  and  Aldermen  shall  haA'e  power  to  sett  such  reasonable 
tole  upon  such  goods,  cattle,  merchandizes,  and  other  coraodities  as 
shall  Vie  sold  therein,  i-espectively  as  shall  be  thought  fitt,  not  exceed- 
ing six]3ence  on  every  beast  sold,  and  the  twentieth  parte  of  the  val- 
ine of  any  eomodity,  and  shall  and  may  hold  a  courte  of  Pypowdryt 
dureing  the  said  fair,  for  the  determinacion  of  all  controversies  and 
quarrels  which  may  happen  therein,  according  to  the  u.-uall  course  in 
England,  in  ihe  like  cases,  and  wee  grant  unto  them  all  profitts  and 
perquisitsdue,  incident,  and  belonging  to  said  markett,  fair,  and  Courte 
of  Pyjiowdry  ;  and  further  wee  doe  grant  that  the  said  Mayor,  Re- 
corder, and  Aldermen,  or  any  three  or  more  of  them,  .shall  hold  a 
-Courte  of  Hustings  within  tlie  said  Citty  where  they  are  hereby  im- 
powered  to  make  proper  officers  and  to  sett  reasonable  fees,  not  ex- 
ceeding what  are  now  allowed  in  the  County  Courte,  and  shall  have 

*  "And"  pi-ohably  left  nut. 

t  'Ihe  lowest— and,  at  tlip  munf  time,  the  mf)st  expeditious  C^urt  of  Justice 
known  lo  tl;e  Unv  of  Kngland,  is  thf  Conrt  of  PiKPotinaK,  curia  ptDts  pilverI- 
7.ATI  :  so  c:illed  from  th«-  dusty  feet  of  the  p\iitoisor  accorclino  to  Sir  Edwaril 
Col;e,  becr.use justice  is  tliere  done  as  speedily  :is  dust  ean  fill  tiom  the  foot. 
It  wns  held  nt  niailfpls  so  that  nttendants  on  the  maik'-t'i  might  have  tlieir 
eansfS  heird  and  determined  expeditiously,  and  they  lose  no  time  by  the  de- 
lays of  the  law.    Bl.ickbtone,  Voi.  III.  p.  '/A, 


History  ofAnnapo  LIS.  91 

jiirisdiclioii  and  lioldjilea  of  trespass  and  Geetment  for  any  lands  or 
teneiiieiits  ■within  the  said  Citty,  as  alsoe  of  all  writts  of  dower  for  the 
same  lands  and  tenements,  and  of  all  other  actions  personall  and 
mixt,  and  as  a  Courte  of  Record  give  judgement  and  award  execiicion 
thereon,  according  to  the  Laws  and  Statutes  of  England  and  this 
Province  ;  provided,  the  demand  in  the  said  action  personall  and  mist 
exceed  not  the  sume  of  six  pounds,  ten  shillings  sterling,  or  seventeen 
hundred  pounds  of  tobaceoe  :  and.  provided,  nevertheless,  that  any 
party  or  parlys,  plaintiffs  or  defendants,  shall  be  at  their  liberty  on 
good  grounds  to  bring  writts  of  habeas  corpus  and  certiorarie,  to  re- 
move any  plaints  from  the  said  Hustings  to  the  Provinciall  Courte  of 
this  Province  and  alsoe  to  appeale  from  the  judgment  of  the  Mayors, 
or  bring  writts  of  error  att  their  choice  to  the  Provinciall  Courte  un- 
der such  liniitacion  and  regulaeion  as  is  already  by  the  act  of  Assem- 
bly of  this  Province  assigned  for  prosecuting  appeales  and  writts  of 
•error  from  the  County  Courtes  to  the  Provinciall.  In  testimoney 
■whereof,  wee  have  caused  these  our  letters  lobe  made  pattent,  given 
4Xtt  Annapolis,  under  the  Greate  Scale  of  our  said  Province.  Wittness 
our  trusty  and  well  beloved  John  Seymour,  Esq.,  Captain  Generall 
and  Governour-in-Chief  of  our  5aid  Province,  this  twenty-iecond  Day 
of  November,  in  the  seventh  year  of  our  Eeia'ne  &c.,  Annoqn^ 
Domni,  1708."* 

"Fi-om  the  period  of  the  grant  of  its  charter  by  governor  Seymour, 
Annapolis  was  continually"  on  the  advance.  It  never  acquired  a 
large  population,  nor  any  great  degree  of  commercial  consequence; 
but  long  Ijefore  the  American  revolution,  it  was  conspicuous  as  the 
seat  of  wealth  and  fashion  :  the  luxurious  habits,  elegant  accomplish- 
ments, and  profuse  hospitality  of  its  inhabitants  were  proverbially 
known  throughout  the  colonies.  It  was  the  seat  of  a  wealthy  govern- 
ment, and  of  its  principal  institutions :  and  as  such,  congregated 
around  it  many,  whose  liberal  attainments  eminently  qualified  them 
for  society."! 

A  French  writer  in  speaking  of  this  city  as  he  found  it  during  the 
American  revolution,  thus  describes  it :  "In  that  very  inconsiderable 
town,  standing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  where  it  falls  into  the 
bay,  of  the  few  buildings  it  contains,  at  least  three-fourths  may  be 
styled  elegant  and  grand.  Female  luxury  here  exceeds  what  is 
known  in  the  provinces  of  France.  A  French  hair  dresser  is  a  man 
of  importance  amongst  them  ;  and  it  is  said,  a  certain  dame  here  hires 
one  of  that  craft  at  one  thousand  crowns  a  year.  The  State  House  is 
a  very  beautiful  building,  I  think  the  most  so  of  any  I  have  seen  in 
America." 

This  forms  a  striking  contrast  to  the  account  given  of  it  at  a  much 
•earlier  date,  and  which  is  to  be  found  in  a  satire,  called,  "The  Sot-weed 
Factor,  or  a  Voyage  to  Maryland  ;"  in  which  is  described  the  laws, 
government,  courts,  and  constitutions  of  the  country  ;  and  also  the 
buildings,  feasts,  frolics,  entertainments,  and  drunken  humours  of  the 
inhabitants  of  that  part  of  America.  In  burlesque  verse,  by  Eden 
■Cook,  gent.,  published  at  London  in  1708. 

*  Liber  P.  ('.  Chaiicpvy  Proceed ings^^,  p.  u95. 

■f  MeMiihoii's  p.  207. 


92  "TheAncientCity.'' 

Annapolis  is  thns  mentioned  in  one  i)art  of  this  quaint  work  :. 

"To  try  the  cause,  then  fully  })ent, 

Up  to  Annapolis  1  went : 

A  city  situate  on  a  plain, 

Where  scarce  a  house  will  keep  out  rain 

The  buildings  framed  with  cypress  rare  ; 
.    Resemble  much  our  South  wick  fair  ; 

But  strangers  there  will  scarcely  meet 

With  market  place,  exchange,  or  street ; 

And,  if  the  truth  I  may  report. 

It's  not  so  large  as  Tottenham  court, — 

St.  Mary's  once  was  in  rejiute, 

Nowhere  the  judges  try  the  suit. 

And  lawyers  twdce  a  year  dispute — 

As  oft  the  bench  most  gravely  meet, 

Some  to  get  drunk,  and  some  to  eat 

A  swinging  share  .of  country  treat ; 

lint  as  for  justice,  riglit,  or  wrong, 

Xot  one  amongst  the  numorous  throng 

Knows  what  it  means,  or  lias  the  heart 

To  vindicate  a  stranger's  part." 
*IMr.  Jonas  Grreen  reprinted  this  jioem  in  1731,  but  took  care  to  tell" 
the  readers  it  was  a  description  of  Annapolis  twenty  years  br-fon-. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 
The  anxapot.is  Delegates  Denied  Admittance  to 

THI-;    Hoi'SE. 

The  Lower  House  considered  tliat  the  j)ower  to  erect  cities  and 
grant  charter;!  was  a  prerogative  that  could  be  exercised  only  by  the 
crown  itself,  and  when  the  delegates  from  Annapolis  mad(?  their  ap- 
pearance at  the  September  Session  of  1708,  tluit  I)ody  denied  the 
authority  of  the  executive  "to  confer  the  charter  and  expelled  the 
delegates  elected  under  it.  Astonished  at  a  measure  so  bold  and  un- 
expected, the  governor,  at  first,  attempted  to  win  it  to  his  purposes  by 
conciliation.  Its  members  were  summoned  to  the  Upper  House, 
where  they  were  addressed  by  him  in  language  disclaiming  all  inten- 
tion to  interfere  with  their  rights  and  privileges  in  determining  the 
election  of  their  own  members ;  but  claiming  for  himself  also,  the 
competency  to  judge  of  his  own  prerogatives,  and  they  were  ui-ged  to 
return  to  tlieir  house,  and  rescind  their  resolution.  In  justiticatifjn  of 
themselves,  they  replied  that  tlie  course  pursued  by  them  was  founded 
upon  the  complaint  of  some  of  the  freeliolders  and  inhabitants  of  An- 
napolis, who  conceived  that  it  iffected  their  rights  as  freemen,  and 
particidarlyas  to  the  privilege  of  voting  for  delegates  ;  that  the  right 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  93 

to  erect  cities,  was  not  expressly  vested  in  the  governor,  and  ought 
not  therefore  to  be  exercised  until  the  Queen's  pleasure  was  known  ; 
but  that  they  would  cheerfully  concur  with  him  in  granting  the 
charter,  if  all  the  inhabitants  and  freeholders  of  the  place  desired, 
and  were  secured  in  their  equal  privileges,  to  which  they  were  entitled 
by  the  laws  of  England,  and  the  public  lands  and  buildings  secured 
to  the  uses  for  waich  they  were  purchased.  The  Governor  now  tried 
the  usual  expedient  with  a  refract-:  ry  house.  The  Assembly  was  dis- 
solved and  a  new  house  immediately  summoned,  which  he  at  first  found 
quite  as  unmanageable  as  the  old.  Their  first  message  desired  him  to 
inform  them,  if  he  had  received  from  her  majesty  any  instructions 
authorizing  the  grant  of  charters  and  the  erection  of  cities  which  were 
not  contained  in  his  commission  ;  and  if  so,  to  communicate  them. 
His  brief  reply  was,  'that  he  had  no  doubt  of  his  own  right  and  if  the 
exercise  of  the  power  was  unwarranted,  he  was  answerable  to  her 
majesty,  and  not  to  them.'  To  bring  this  difference  to  a  close,  a  con- 
ference was  now  had  l)etween  the  two  houses  :  which  terminated  in  a 
compromise,  and  in  the  passage  of  the  act  of  1708,  chapter  7th,  to 
carry  that  comj)romise  into  effect.  By  this  act,  the  charter  of  An- 
napolis Avas  confirmed,  under  certain  reservations  as  to  the  public 
buildings,  and  restrictions  of  the  municipal  iiower."* 

This  was  the  act  the  Assembly  passed  to  settle  and  confirm  the 
charter  of  Annajiolis : 

"Whereas  this  present  General  Assembly  have  taken  into  their  con- 
sideration the  Charter  lately  Granted  to  the  City  of  Annapolis,  and 
being  desirous  to  give  all  due  encouragement  to  cohabitation,  have 
resolved  to  confirm  the  same  Charter,  and  to  explain  and  restrain  some 
clauses  and  grants  therein  contained,  they  humbly  pray  that  it  may 
be  enacted ; 

'  'II.  And  if  is  hereby  enacted ,  By  the  Queen's  most  Excellent  Majesty, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  her  Majesty's  Governor,  Coun- 
cil, and  Assembly  of  this  Province,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  same. 
That  the  said  Charter  to  the  City  of  Annapolis,  bearing  date  at  the 
said  City  on  the  twenty-second  day  of  November,  Anno  1708,  in  the 
seventh  year  of  her  Majesty's  Reign,  Sealed  with  the  Great  Seal  of 
this  her  Majesty's  Province,  and  signed  with  the  Sign  Manual  of  his 
Excellency  John  Seymour,  Esq.,  Captain-General  and  Governor  in 
Chief  thereof,  incorporating  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis  into  a  City, 
and  Body  Corporate,  and  the  several  Articles,  Clauses,  Grants, 
Powers,  Authorities,  and  Privileges  therein  contained,  shall, by  virtue 
of  tliis  Act,  be  held,  taken,  stand,  remain,  and  be  firm,  and  valid  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  whatsoever,  within  the  same  Charter  mentioned 
and  expressed,  subject  nevertheless  to  the  several  restrictions  and  ex- 
planations herein  specified  and  declared,  (that  is  to  say,)  That  it 
shall  in  no  wise  be  intended,  construed,  meant,  or  taken,  to  infringe 
the  liberties  and  privileges  of  the  public,  either  in  regard  to  the  pub- 
lic lands  and  buildings  by  them  heretofore  purchased  and  bvult ;  but 
that  the  same  shall  be  reserved  and  continued  forever,  to  the  uses  and 
purposes  to  which  they  have  already  lieen  allotted  :  And  that  all  and 
every  the  Judges  and  Justices  of  the  several  Courts  of  Judicature 
which  have  usually  held  their  Courts  within  the  same  City,  in  the 
public  Court-house  thereof,  shall  and  may  continue  so  to  do  ;  and  the 
*  jMcMahon's  Mil.  p.  256. 


94  •  •  T  n  E  A  X  c  1 E  X  T  C I T  Y  ,  '  ' 

Justices,  Commissioners,  and  Sheriff  of  Ann-Arundel  County  shall 
have,  hold,  and  exercise  their  Jurisdiction,  in  as  full  and  ample  manner, 
to  all  intents  and  purposes,  in  the  Port  of  Annapolis,  as  heretofore 
had  been  usual. 

"III.  A/kI  be  it  f.urther  Enacted  and  Declared,  That  the  Bye-Laws, 
to  be  made  by  the  said  Corporation,  shall  not  affect  or  be  bindinj?  to 
any  other  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Province,  but  wholly  restrained  to 
the  Inhabitants  and  Residents  of  the  said  City  ;  and  tliat  the  Clause 
in  the  said  Charter,  impowering  the  Corporation  to  set  toll  on  horses, 
cattle,  and  other  commodities,  to  be  r)0ld  on  the  two  fair  days,  of  the 
first  of  May,  and  of  St.  Michael  the  Arch-Angel,  yearly,  shall  not,  in 
any  wise,  enure,  be  construed,  or  extended,  to  impowering  the  Cor- 
poration to  assess  any  toll  or  impost  upon  Cattle,  Gfoods,  Wares,  or 
Merchandizes  whatsoever,  to  be  sold  therein,  if  the  Goods,  Wares,  or 
Merchandizes  shouM  not  amount  to  the  value  of  twenty  shillings  cur- 
rent money  ;  but  if  it  exceed  twenty  shillings  value,  and  not  above 
five  pounds  current  money,  then  the  sum  of  six-pence  shall  be  paid 
for  the  lee  or  toll  thereof  ;  and  for  all  G-oods,  &c.,  exceeding  in  value 
five  pounds  current  money,  then  it  sliall  be  lawful  to  assess  the  sum 
of  twelve  pence  current  money  for  the  fee  or  toll  thereof,  and  no 
more. 

"IV.  And  Whereas,  the  Citizens  and  Burgesses  of  the  several 
Boroughs  in  England  have  formerly  been  allowed  but  half  wages,  in 
respect  to  the  salary  of  the  Knights  of  the  Shires  ;  Be  it  therefore  En- 
acted, Tliat  the  Citizens,  representing  the  City  of  Annapolis, /Shall 
only  be  allowed  half  the  wages  to  the  Delegates  and  Representatives, 
as  is  and  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Delegates  of  the  several  Counties  of 
this  Province,  and  no  more. 

"V.  And  wJiereas,  Wornell  Hunt,  Esq.,  the  present  Recorder  of  the 
said  City,  is  not  yet  qualified  for  that  trust,  by  reason  he  hath  not 
been  resident  in  this  Province  dnring  tiie  terra  of  three  years :  never- 
theless the  said  Wornell  Hunt,  by  virtue  of  this  act.  shall  be  deemed, 
and  is  hereby  qualified  and  enabled  to  hold  and  execute  the  said 
Office  of  Recorder  of  the  City  aforesaid,  any  Law.  Statute,  Usage,  or 
Custom  to  the  contrary  in  any  wise  notwithstanding. 

"VI.  xind  be  it  enacted,  by  the  advice  and  consent  aforesaid.  That 
the  Land  called  the  Town-Common,  be  reserved  and  remain  to  the  use 
of  the  proper  Owner  or  Owners,  unless  the  Citizens  can  make  it  appear 
to  have  made  satisfaction  for  the  same,  the  next  Session  of  Assembly." 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

The  First  Newspaper  ix  Maryland. 

[1727.]  In  August,  1727,  William  Parks,  printer  to  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  made  the  first  venture  in  Maryland  journalism.  He  be- 
gan at  Annajwlis  "The  Mar  vland  Gazette."     It  was  printed  on  a 


History  OF   Ax  xAPOLis.  95 

sheet  a  little  larger  than  foolscap  ;  had  two  columns  to  the  page,  and 
four  pages  to  an  issue.  It  was  i)uhlished  once  a  week.  The  first 
numbers  of  this  interesting  relic  of  Maryland  history  are  lost  to  the 
State,  as  well  as  the  concluding  issues.  The  Maryland  Historical 
Society,  however,  is  the  fortunate  possessor  of  some  twenty  copies  of 
the  Gazette,  beginning  with  number  65  of  the  issue,  dating  from 
Tuesday,  Dec.  3,  to  Tuesday,  Dee.  10,  172^.  The  last  number  it 
lias  is  number  97,  of  date  of  July  23,  1729.  On  either  side  of  the  head 
of  the  pajjer,  was  an  excellent  cut,  and  below  the  caption  was  a 
space  left,  in  which  the  names  of  the  several  subscribers  were  written 
to  take  the  (razette  ow  its  way  through  the  post  to  its  destination. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  fourth  page  was  the  announcement — "Annapo- 
lis, printed  by  William  Parks,  by  whom  advertisements  and  subscrip- 
tions are  taken."  The  paper  was  made  up  of  copious  extracts  of 
foreign  news,  a  few  local  items,  and  sometimes  one  page  of  advertise- 
uients.  There  were  frequently  long  communications  written  in  the 
semi-classic  style  of  the  period.  In  No.  06,  there  were  four  local 
items,  all  relating  to  the  shipping  of  the  port  of  Annapolis.  On 
January  1,  1729,  is  a  notice  recouuting  that  a  negro,  belonging  to 
William  Robinson,  of  the  county,  had  impudently  and  without  provo- 
cation struck  William  Smith,  carpenter,  during  a  dispute  over  the 
fighting  of  their  dogs,  and  that  for  it  the  said  negro  had  his  ear 
cropped  which  the  Gazette  said  it  noticed,  because  it  was  the  first 
case  under  the  law,  and  it  published  it  as  a  warning.  We  can  hardly 
believe  that  the  said  negroes  intended  to  be  forewarned  by  this  Chari- 
table admonition  were  assiduous  I'eaders  of  the   Gazette. 

In  No.  89,  there  were  published  three  advertisements,  in  one  of 
which  notice  was  given  "that  there  is  a  ship  arrived  in  South  River 
with  about  two  hundred  choice  slaves,  which  are  to  be  sold  by  Daniel 
Dulany,  Richard  Snowden,  and  Peter  Hume." 

Mention  is  made  in  the  issue  of  June  16,  1729,  that  "on  Tuesday 
last,  George  Plater,  Esq.,  was  married  to  Mrs  Rebecca  Bowles,  .the 
relict  of  James  Bowles,  Esq.,  a  gentle  woman  of  considerable  fortune." 

From  the  issue  of  June  24,  1729,  are  the  following  extracts  made  : 

"On  Friday  last,  died  James  Carroll,  at  the  House  of  Charles  Car- 
roll, Esq.,  in  this  city. 

"On  Friday  last,  the  Hon.  Patrick  Gordon,  Esq.,  Governor  of  Phila- 
delphia, attended  by  several  gentlemen  of  thtit  province,  arrived  here 
to  visit  our  Governor.  His  Excellency  received  them  very  kindly, 
and  they  were  saluted  with  the  discharge  of  our  great  guns,  colors 
flying,  &c.,  and  their  entertainment  has  been  made  as  agreeable  as 
this  place  could  afford.  This  morning  his  Honor,  the  Governor  of 
Pennsylvania,  departed  this  city  under  discharge  of  our  guns,  &c. 

•'Annapolis,  March  4th,  Saturday  last,  being  the  birth  day  of  our 
most  gracious  Queen  Caroline,  was  celebrated  here  in  the  manner 
following  :  His  Excellency,  Benedict  Leonard  Calvert,  our  Governor, 
invited  the  gentlemen  of  this  city  to  a  very  handsome  entertainment 
at  dinner,  and  in  the  evening  there  was  a  ball  at  the  Stadt  House." 

The  price  of  the  Gazette  was  fifteen  shillings  a  year,  and  advertise- 
ments, no  rule  as  to  length,  were  "to  be  inserted  in  it  at  three  shillings 
for  the  first  week,  and  two  shillings  for  every  week  after." 

When  the  Gazette  ceased  publication,  we  are  left  to  conjecture.  The 
probability  is  it  was  discontinued  in  a  few  years.     Mr.  Parks,  elected 


•96  '  '  T  H  E   A  X  C  I  E  X  T     C  I  T  Y  .  " 

in  1727  State  Printer,  remained  in  that  office  nntil  1743,  when  he  was 
sncceeded  by  Jonas  Green. 

The  Oazeifp  was  the  sixth  paper,  in  point  of  time,  that  was  printed 
in  the  American  ProAinces. 


CHAPTER  XXVI.® 
Chronicles  OF  Annapotjs  from  1707  to  1740. 

[1707.]  In  1707,  the  Legislature  passed  a  supi)lenientary  act  for  the 
advancement  of  trade.  In  this  law  it  was  enacted  that  "all  the 
towns  in  Baltimore  and  Anne  Arundel  Counties,  with  the  River. 
■Creeks,  Coves,  thereunto  belonging,  (saving  in  Patuxent  River)  to  be 
members  of  the  Port  of  Annapolis." 

[1720.]  A  "Prospect  to  Annapolis"  was  laid  off  May  24,  1720.  It 
•comprised  two  lots  of  ground,  one  called  Diirand's  Place,  the  other 
Woodchurch's  Rest.  It  was  re-surveyed  for  Benj.  Tasker.  It  lay  on 
the  North  Side  of  Severn.! 

[1715.]  By  act  of  1715,  ch.  TV,  the  Legislature  reiterated  its  agree- 
ment with  Anthony,  alias  William  Workman,  in  regard  to  giving  him 
the  privilege  of  building  on  the  lots  Ijelonging  to  King  William's 
School,  a  house  which  was  to  revert  to  the  School  at  Workman's  death. 
The  act  discovers  that  these  three  lots,  that  the  school  was  possessed 
of,  lay  "to  the  foot  of  the  Stadt  House  Ilill,  on  the  Eastward  there- 
of," and  that  Workman  was  an  inn-keeper,  and  that,  for  erecting  and 
so  donating  the  house  alluded  to  the  General  Assembly,  had  granted 
him  liberty  and  license  "to  keep  an  ordinary  in  said  House,  durhig  his 
natural  life,  free  and  discharged  from  the  jiayment  of  fine,  then  im- 
posed by  law  therefor."  Workman  came  from  Kent  Island,  then  de- 
clared to  be  "in  the  county  of  Tall)ot."  William  Freeman,  brick- 
layer, of  Philadelphia,  in  Pennsylvania,  built  the  house.  The  same 
■act,  after  reciting  the  difficulty  of  getting  the  board  of  Rector,  Gov- 
ernors, and  Visitors  of  King  William's  School  together  to  transact 
business,  enacted  that  five  of  the  board  on  special  occasion,  could  exe- 
cute the  powers  of  the  school. 

[1718.]  In  1718,  "the  Honorable  Colonel  William  Holland,  Colonel 
Thomas  Addison,  Capt.  Daniel  Mariartee  and  Mr.  Alexander  War- 
field"  were  made  Commissioners  by  Act  of  Assembly,  at  the  petition 
of  the  Corporation  of  Annapolis,  to  lay  out  ten  acres  of  public  land 
into  half  acre  lots  "for  the  better  encouragement  of  poor  Tradesmen 
to  come  and  inhabit  ^vithin  the  said  city,  and  carryon  their  respective 
trades  therein."  These  were  laid  off  on  Powder-House  Hill  and  were 
to  be  donated  to  any  person  or  persons  not  an  owner  of  property  in 

T  Old  rent  roll,  vol.  1,  p.  170. 

*  The  material  of  tlii.x  chapter  is  mainly  drawn  from  Ridgely's  Annals  cf 
Annapolis,  pages   108-115. 


Hist  n  n  y  o  v   Annapolis.  97 

the  town,  who  would  VmM  ti  (lwellin<,'-house  upon  the  same.  If  the 
lots  were  not  taken  uput  the  end  of  two  years,  then  owners  of  property 
in  tlie  city  were  allowed  to  have  thera. 

This  a,ddition  was  called  ''New  Town."' 

The  General  Asseinlily.  by  the  same  Act,  appointed  Jaines  Stoddard, 
Esq.,  to  survey  and  Liy  off  the  city  of  Annapolis,  as  the  original 
plat  of  the  town  wliich  had  been  made  by  Richard  Beard,  had  been 
burned  when  tlie  Stale  House  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1704. 

Mr.  Stoddard's  survey  made  the  town  ccmtain  one  lunidred  and 
forty-two  acres  ;  one  Innidred  and  fifty-three  square  perclies,  and  two 
hundred,  nine  and  three  quarters  square  feet.  The  State  House  Circle 
was  laid  down  as  containins;  218.988  square  feet,  with  a  diameter  528 
feet  and  a  circumference  of  llo9.  The  Church  Circle  contained  94,- 
025  square  feet,  witli  a  diameter  of  o4G.  and  a  eireuinference  of  1087 
feet. 

Ainonsr  those  who  were  the  first  to  have  lots  surveyed,  has  been  well 
preserved  hj  records  in  the  Land  Oifice.  After  the  Public  Circle,  (State 
House  Circle. )  Church  Circle,  and  j\Iarket  Space  had  been  surveyed. 
Dr.  Charles  Carroll  had  resurveyed  Ins  lot  lying  on  the  north  west 
side  of  Duke  of  Gloucester  street,  and  runnin;:  to  Market  street.  Thos. 
Macnemara  had  tlie  second  lot  resurveyed.  It  laid  on  the  southwest 
side  Duke  of  Gloucester  street.  He  had  five  other  lots  resurveyed.  all 
on  the  southwest  side  of  Duke  of  Gloucester  street.  Thomas  Bladen, 
Patrick  Ogleby,  Robert  Thomas,  Amos  Garrett,  Benj.  Tasker,  James 
Carroll,  Samuel  Young,  Joim  Baldwin,  Catherine  Baldwin.  Col. 
Sam'l.  Young,  and  Pliilip  Lloyd  are  among  the  lot-owners  by  the  re- 
survey  of  1718.  July  25,  1718,  a  lot  was  resurved  for  St.  Anne.  It 
lay  between  Temple  street  and  Doctor  street.  Temple  street  has 
passed  from  memory,  but  Doctor  street  remains. 

[1720.]  In  1720,  an  Act  of  Assembly  was  passed  giving  further 
time  to  the  several  tradesmen  who  originally  took  up  the  new  lots 
within  the  addition  to  the  City  of  Annapolis,  to  improve  the  same  ; 
and  at  the  same  session  a  grant  was  made  to  Mr.  Edward  Smith  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  of  ground  in  the  City  of  Annapolis  for  a 
sawyer's  yard. 

[1723.]  In  1723,  the  Assembly  passed  an  Act  "for  the  encourage- 
ment of  learning  and  erecting  schools  in  the  several  counties  within 
this  Province."  Under  it  Rev.  Mr.  Joseph  Colebateh,  Col.  Samuel 
Young,  William  Lock,  Esq.,  Caj^t.  Daniel  Mariartee,  Mr.  Charles 
Hammond,  Mr.  Richard  Warfield,  and  John  Beale,  Esq.,  were  made 
the  visitors  of  the  schools  of  Anne  Arundel. 

[1727.]  In  1727.  Mr.  William  Parks,  of  Annapolis,  was  authorized 
to  print  a  compilation  of  the  laws  of  the  Province.  To  this  date  there 
had  been  no  printer.  Mr.  Ridgely  who  wrote  in  1841,  says,  "this  col- 
lection of  the  laws  of  Maryland  is  now  nearly  out  of  print — but  few 
copies  remaining — and  is  held  by  the  few  that  own  a  copy  of  it  as  a 
rare  and  curious  body  of  laws  passed  by  our  early  legislators." 

[1728.]  In  1728,  "Henry  Ridgely.  Mordecai  Hammond,  and  John 
Welsch,  gentlemen,"  were  empowered  to  lay  out  a  lot  of  land,  60  feet 
in  breadth  on  the  water,  300  feet  in  length,  and  25  feet  wide  at  the 
head  of  the  land,  being  a  i)art  of  a   lot  formerly  alloted  on  which  to 

7 


98  "  T  n  E  A  X  c  I E  X  T  C  I  T  Y  .  " 

build  a  custom  house.  The  corporation  was  given  the  fee-simple  to" 
the  lot  provided  it  built  a  market  house  thereon.  This  lot  is  the  site 
of  the  present  market  house. 

[173:1]  In  1733.  the  Legislature  passed  an  Act  giving  £3.000  foi' 
purchasing  convenient  ground  in  Annapolis,  for  the  use  o£  tlie  public, 
and  for  building  thereon  a  dwelling  house  for  the  residence  of  the 
Governor.  This  was  for  a  temporary  residence.  The  Executive, 
Samuel  Ogle,  does  not  appear  to  liave  used  the  fund,  and  a  further 
sum  of  £1,000  was  added  in  1742  ':r>  this,  and  Governor  Bladen,  era- 
powered  to  purchase  four  lots  in  the  City  of  Annapolis,  and  to  erect  a 
building  thereon  as  a  residence  for  the  Governor.  Fro:;l  this  act 
sprang  McDowell  Hall,  St.  John's  College. 

[1730.]  In  1736,  Charles  Hammond,  Philip  Hammond,  Vaehol 
Denton,  Daniel  Dulany,  Esq.,  and  iMr.  Richard  Wartield  were  em- 
powered to  purchase  a  piece  of  ground  within  the  town  for  a  public 
school  in  Annapolis  ;  to  contract  for  material  and  to  employ  workmen 
to  build  it.  £1,500,  current  money,  was  voted  by  the  Jjegislature 
for  this  work. 

[1740.]  In  1740,  is  found  the  first  Act  of  Assembly  tliat  brings  to 
yniblic  a  name  that  will  be  forever  linked  with  the  history  of  Maryland. 
Chapter  4,  Acts  of  1740,  "was  fortlie  speedy  and  effectual  publication 
of  the  Laws  of  this  Province,  and  for  the  encouragement  of  .lonas 
Green,  of  the  City  of  Annapolis,  jirinter."  For  twenty-eight  years, 
and  until  his  death  in  1708.  Mr.  Green  continued  the  jjrinter  of  the 
Province.  He  was  a  man  of  ready  wit,  large  lienevolence.  and  suc- 
cessful enterprise.  His  journal,  the  Maryland  Gazette,  is  one  of  the 
fullest  and  most  reliable  sources  of  history  left  the  State  by  the  cor- 
roding touch  of  time. 

In  the  act  that  made  iMr.  Green  the  State  Printer,  he  was  required 
to  print,  stitch,  and  deliver  a  copy  of  the  jniblic  laws,  speeches,  and 
answers  made  at  the  various  sessions,  and  was  directed  to  make 
marginal  notes  to  the  laws  of  the  Legislature.  He  was  also  required  to 
reside  in  Annapolis.  Each  county  court  was  obliged  to  lay  a  tax  of 
£15  yearly  in  their  respective  counties  for  the  support  of  the  State 
Printer.     The  office  was  for  two  years. 

The  Legislative  Records  of  this  period  contain  numerous  acts  for 
the  relief  of  languishing  debtors  lying  in  prison  for  their  debts.  There 
was  quite  a  number  so  discharged  from  the  Annapolis  jail. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

The  Second  Newpapee  Printed  in  Maryland. 

In  that  repository  of  archives — the  Maryland  State  Library — will  he 
found  nearly  one  hundred  volumes  of  ''Tlie  Maryland  Gazette.^''  the 
second  newspaper  printed  in  IMaryland.  The  dimensions  of  the  Ga- 
zette were  exceedingly  modest,  its  pages,  but  four  in  number, 
measunng  only  nine  and  a  half  inches  in  length  and  seven  and  a  half 
in  width. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  y    0  F   A  N  N  A  P  0  L  I  s  .  99 

The  first  issue  of  the  Gazetfe  was  dated  Thursday,  January  17th, 
1745;  the  publisher  being  "Jonas  tlreen,  Post-master,  at  the  Priiitinc: 
office  in  Charles  street,"  who  announced  that  it  contained  "the fresh- 
est advices — Foreign  and  Domestic."  These  advices  wore  from  Lou- 
don in  the  preceding  August  and  from  Amsterdam,  Frankfort,  and 
Paris  in  the  same  month,  and  from  Constantinople  as  far  back  as 
July.  News  from  Boston  bore  date  of  November  12th.  1744,  and  that 
from  New  York  was  exactly  one  week  later. 

In  the  news  from  Paris  of  August  17,  old  style,  was  this  item:  "Six 
of  the  most  noted  Fish-women  of  this  city,  took  the  trouble  to  go  to 
Metz  as  soon  as  they  heard  of  the  King's  lUness,  and  made  his  Ma- 
jesty a  present  of  a  Shirt  and  Night-Cap,  which  they  had  touch'd  to 
the  Shrine  of  St.  Geneveve  :  his  Majesty  slept  in  them  very  comforta- 
bly, and  the  next  day  found  him  much  better.  No  doubt  Shirt  anil 
Night-Cap  touch'd  by  the  Shrine  of  so  precious  a  Saint,  contributed, 
much  towards  his  Majesty's  recovery." 

The  last  sentence  appears  to  be  the  (jfazette^s. 

Then,  as  now,  editors  like  Presidents,  felt  incumbent  upon  them 
to  offer  an  ''naugnral  address.  Mr.  Green,  in  making  his  bow  to 
the  public,  Siiid  "the  advantage  of  a  newspaper  "•"  ■■■  *  being  so 
universally  known,  renders  it  unnecessary  to  recommend  a  thing  of 
the  kind;  however,  since  it  might  be  looked  upon  as  unfashionable  to 
usher  one  into  the  world  without  a  word  or  two  by  way  of  introduction, 
we  shall  *  *  *  *  give  some  account  of  our  design."  "Our  intent,  "con- 
tinues the  editor,  "therefore,  is  to  give  the  public  a  weekly  accoiuit  of 
themost  remarkalile  occurrences,  foreign  and  domestic,  which  shall  from 
time  to  time,  come  to  our  knowledge  ;  having  always  a  principal  re- 
gard to  such  articles  as  nearest  concern  the  American  Plantations  in. 
general,  and  the  province  of  Maryland  in  particular  ;  ever  observing 
the  strictest  justice  and  truth  in  relation  of  facts,  and  the  utmost 
disinterestedness  and  Impartiality  in  points  of  controversy. 

"And.  in  a  dearth  of  news  which,  in  this  remote  part  of  the  world, 
may  sometimes  reasonably  be  expected,  we  shall  study  to  supply  that 
defect  by  presenting  our  readers  with  the  best  materials  we  can  possi- 
bly collect ;  having  always,  in  this  respect,  a  due  regard  to  whatever 
may  conduce  to  the  promotion  of  virtue  and  learning,  the  suppi-essioii 
of  vice  and  immorality,  and  the  Instrviction  as  well  as  entertainment 
of  our  readers." 

The  advertisements  of  the  first  issue  were  four  in  number — one 
offering  a  reward  for  a  strayed  or  stolen  stallion  :  the  second,  advertis- 
ing a  computation  table  for  merchants ;  the  third  placed  on  sale  a 
work  entitled,  "A  Protest  against  Popery,  showing  the  purity  of  the 
church  of  England,  and  Errors  of  the  church  of  Rome."  This  adver- 
tisement is  quoted  entire  ;  "Lent  sometime  ago,  but  to  whom  is  for- 
got, a  bound  Book  in  Octavo  intitled,  News  from  the  Dead,  or  True 
Inteligence  from  the  other  World  :  On  a  Leaf  preceding  the  title 
page  is  wrote  :  'The  Wicked  borrow  and  never  return.'  The  person 
who  has  it,  is  hereby  desired  to  consider  that  Text,  and  restore  the 
Book  to  the  right  owner. ' ' 

The  subscription  to  the  Gazette  was  twelve  shillings,  Maryland 
currency,  per  annum.  When  the  paper  was  furnished  sealed  and 
directed,  two  shillings  additional  were  charged.  "Advertisements  of 
moderate  length,"  were  inserted  at  five  shillings  each  ;  subsequent 
insertions  at  one  shilling  each. 


100  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

Tlie  Gazette  was  so  much  encouraged  that,  at  the  end  of  tlie  second 
voluine,  it  was  able  to  enlarge  ;  and  it  continued  to  prosper  and  in- 
crease in  size  down  to  lS:i!),  when  it  had  become  a  journal  of  very 
respectable  dimensions.     It  was.  in  that  year,  discontinued. 

Its  pages  reflect  tlie  history  of  the  province  ;  its  columns  show  the 
ways  and  thoughts  of  the  early  Mary  landers. 

the  tirst  volume  contains  many  advertisements  fo;-  run-away  ser- 
vants, such  as  "'a  negro  boy,  named  Edward  Mills,"  "an  Irish  sei'- 
vant-man.  Alexander  McCoy."  The  rewards  for  their  capture  ranged 
from  "being  well  rewarded."  to  ten  pounds.  The  descriptioas  of 
runaways  were  pointed,  and  did  not  mince  matters.  Sarah  Muuro 
advertised  Elizabetli  I  rowder,  a  run-away,  "as  an  Englisli  convict 
servant,  ■■  *  upwards  of  forty  years  of  age,  pretty  tail  and  round- 
shouldered,  her  hair  very  grey,  and  has  been  lately  cut  off  ;  but,  it 
is  supposed,  she  has  got  a  tower  to  wear  instead  of  it."  Thomas  Wood 
was  advertised  as  being  "5  feet,  ten  inches  higli.  has  a  fresh  com- 
plexion, short  brown  luiir,  and  one  of  his  teeth  broken.  *  *  •■■  lie 
goes  by  the  name  of  John  Wilson  *  ■'■'"  *  *"  and  has  got  a  pass  which 
he  has  forged,  of  which  he  is  very  capable,  as  he  writes  a  good  hand, 
and  is  a  sly  cunning  fellow."  John  Jones,  "a  mulatto  fellow,"  was 
advertised  as  "about  2(i  years  old,  has  a  deep  dimple  in  his  chiu  and 
a  likely  pleasant  look,  and  is  a  mighty  singer."  The  descriptions  of 
their  wearing  apparel  were  as  minute. 

An  advertisement  in  October,  174o,  announced,  "next  Spring  a 
caravan  will  be  set  up  to  go  from  said  places,  (CJ)arlottetown  and 
Patapsco,)  to  York,  Lancaster,  and  Philadelpliia,  for  the  conveyeney 
of  Passengers,  Cxoods,  letters,  &c."  Six  months  public  notice  was 
thus  given  of  a  journey  that  now  can  be  made  from  those  points  to 
Philadelphia  in  six  or  eight  hours  : 

Nostrums  were  duly  advertised  in  those  pastoral  times.  In  the  issue 
of  September  i;J,  ITio,  one  Francis  Torres  gave  out  in  a  flaming 
advertisement,  a  page  and  a  quarter  in  length,  that  he  had  possession 
of  certain  Chinese  stones  and  powders  which  had  cured  "Rheumatism, 
Gout,  Bite  of  Venemous  Snake,  Cancers,  Swellings,  Pleurisy,  Tooth- 
ache, Headache,  and  numerous  other  diseases,  simply  by  an  outward 
application  of  the  remedies."  The  announcement  was  followed  by  a 
long  number  of  certificates  of  persons,  (which  practice  continues  until 
this  day,)  who  had  seen  cures  made,  or  had  themselves  been  healed, 
by  these  "chemical  compositions."  Some  certified  to  seeing  six  per- 
sons cured  of  rattlesnake  bites,  one  of  being  cured  of  tooth-ache,  one 
of  pain  in  the  feet,  one  of  a  cancer  being  cured,  and  thus,  throughout 
the  list,  the  marvelous  healings  ran. 

But  "Monsieur  Torres"  was  not  allowed  to  sell  in  peace  his  Chinese 
cure-alls  at  twenty-five  shillings  per  stone  and  bag.  A  correspondent, 
in  the  Gazette,  of  November  8,  stated  that  "if  any  one  could  not  afford 
the  price  charged  for  these  articles,  they  should  go  to  a  cutler's  shop, 
there  you  will  find  a  remnant  of  buck-horn,  cut  off  probably  from  a 
piece  that  was  too  long  for  a  knife  handle,  saw  and  rasp  it  into  what- 
ever shape  you  please,  and  then  burn  it  in  hot  embers,  and  you  will 
have  Mons.  Torres.  Chinese  stones  which  will  stick  to  a  wet  finger,  a 
fresh  sore,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.,  and  have  all  the  virtues  of — a  new  tobacco 
pipe." 

The  powders  were  disposetl  of  in  as  summary  a  manner  by  this 
critic. 


I 


History  of   Annapolis.  101 

The  Gazette  paid  some  attention  to  local  mattei'S  ;  considerably  more 
to  le^^islative  proceedings.  Its  columns,  in  1745,  contained  the 
correspondence  between  the  Governor  and  the  Legislatnre  when  they 
were  at  variance  abont  the  imposition  of  a  tax  on  tobacco,  which  the 
Governor  and  council  of  State  had  imposed  without  the  authoril  y  of  the 
Legislature.  Several  sharp  m(>ssages  passed  between  them,  and  contro- 
versy ended  in  the  dissolution  of  the  Legislature  by  the  Executive. 

The  marvelous  pervaded  the  columns  of  newspapers  then  as  well 
as  in  these  times.  Thus  we  hear  from  Dorchester  county,  that,  in  the^ 
great  snow  in  Decemljer  last,  a  poor  man  standing  upon  the  limb  of  a 
tree,  with  a  broad  axe  in  his  hand,  cutting  off  some  boughs  for  fire- 
wood, his  foot  slipped,  and  he  tumbled  down,  and  falling  upon  the  edge 
of  the  axe,  (which  was  kept  uppermost  by  the  snow, )  his  breast  was 
cut  open  quite  the  whole  breadth  of  the  axe,  and  his  lungs  came  out.. 
A  surgeon,  being  applied  to  in  a  few  days,  made  a  pei-fect  cure  of,  hiin." 

In  the  date  of  June  3,  1746,  the  Gazette  published  this  item  :  ''The 
following  article,  having  been  transmitted  with  a  desiie  to  have  it  in- 
serted in  this  paper,  it  is  therefore,  without  any  alteration,  submitted 
to  the  judgment  of  the  people  : 

"  'On  Saturday,  May  24,  1740.  two  men  of  repute,  fishing  off  Kent 
Island,  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  weather  clear  and 
calm,  they  saw  to  their  surprise,  at  a  small  distance,  a  man,  about  five 
feet  high,  walking  by  them  on  the  water,  as  if  on  dry  land.  He 
crossed  over  from  Kent  to  Talbot  county  about  the  distance  of  four 
miles.'  " 

The  attention  that  was  ])aid  to  foreign  news  was  very  great.  Al- 
most the  entire  paper,  number  after  number,  was  filled  with  news 
from  important  places  of  the  old  world.  These  clippings  show  a  de- 
cidedly Protestant* cast  of  sentiment.  The  following  is  an  account  of 
a  procession  observed  at  Deptford,  England,  in  1745,  honor  of  the 
King's  birthday : 

"I.  A  Highlander,  in  his  proper  dress,  carrying  on  a  pole  a  pair  of 
wooden  shoes,  with  this  motto  : 

The  Newest  Make  From  Paris. 

"II.  A  .Jesuit  in  his  proper  dress,  carrying  on  the  point  of  a  long 
flaming  sword,  a  banner  with  this  inscription  in  large  Capital  letters  : 
Inquisition,  Flames,  and  Damnation. 

"III.  Two  Capauchin  Friars,  properly  shaved,  habited  and  ac- 
coutred with  flogging  poles,  beads,  and  crucifixes,  &c.  One  or  them 
bore,  on  a  high  pole  a  bell,  Massbook,  and  candles,  to  curse  the  Brit- 
ish nation  with  ;  the  other  carried  a  large  standard  witli  this  inscrip- 
tion : 

Indulgences  Cheap  as  Dirt. 

Murder  , Xine-pcnce. 

Adultery Xine-pence  half  pence. 

Heading  the  Bible A  thousand  pounds. 

Fornication Four  pence  half  penny  fartliing. 

Perjury Nothing  at  all. 

Rebellion A  Reward  or  draw-back  of  thirteen  pence  half 

penny  Scots  money. 

"IV.  The  pretender  with  a  ribbon,  a  nosegay,  &c.,  riding  upon  an 


102  ' '  T  H  E  A  X  c  I E  N  T  City.  ' ' 

ass,  supported  by  a  Frenchman  on  the  right,  and  Spaniard  on  left, 
each  dressed  to  the  height  of  the  newest  modes  from  Paris  and  Madrid. 

"V.  The  Pope  riding  upon  his  bull. 

"The  procession  was  preceded  and  closed  by  all  sorts  of  rough 
music,  and  after  a  march  round  the  town,  the  Pope  and  the  pretender 
were  committed  to  the  flames  according  to  custom,  but  not  'til  they 
had  been  first  confessed,  absolved,  and  purged  with  holy  water,  by 
the  Jusuit.  The  several  actors  played  their  parts  vrith  great  drollery, 
and  the  only  token  of  affection  to  popery  which  the  spectators  gave 
was  a  liberal  collection  to  the  money-boxes  of  the  begging  friars." 

The  character  of  the  education,  then  available  in  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  is  learned  from  an  advertisement  in  the  "Gazette."  Mr. 
Peter  Robinson  advertised  that  at  his  school  in  Upper  Marlborough, 
Prince  George's  county,  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  geometry,  cos- 
mography, astronomy,  merchants"  accounts,  "or  the  art  of  book-keep- 
ing after  the  Italian  manner,"  and  algebra,  were  taught :  also  the 
description  and  use  of  "sea-charts,  maps,  quadrants,  forestaffs, 
nocturnal  protractor,  scales,  Coggershalls'  rule  sector,  gauging  rod, 
universal  ring  dials,  globes,  and  other  mathematical  instruments." 

The  hard,  persecuting  spirit  of  those  times  is  evidenced  by  a  para--,.: 
graph  taken  from  the  same  issue  in  which  Mr.  Robinson's  advertise- 
ment appeared  : 

"AxxAPOLis  : — Last  week  some  persons  of  the  Romish  communiou 
were  apprehended,  and  upon  examination  were  obliged  to  give 
security." 

The  same  mind  whs  shown  in  the  needless  cruelties  inflicted  upon 
criminals. 

In  the  issue  of  Friday,  .Tune  14,  1745,  was  this  item  :  "Last  week 
at  Talbot  County  Court,  a  Negro  man  was  sentenced  to  have  his  right 
hand  cut  off  ;  to  be  nanged,  and  then  quartfred  ;  for  the  murder  of 
his  overseer,  by  stabbing  him,  a  few  days  before  with  a  knife." 

Another — "On  Friday  last  Hector  Grant,  James  llornoy,  and  Ether 
Anderson  were  executed  at  Chester  in  Kent  county,  pursuant  to  their 
sentence  for  the  murder  of  their  hite  master.  The  men  were  hanged, 
the  woman  burned.  They  died  penitent,  acknowledging  their  crimes, 
and  the  justice  of  tlieir  jiunishmeut."  The  latter  sentence  commends 
itself  to  the  sainted  murderei-s  of  today. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 
AXXAPOT.IS    IN    1745. 


The  members  of  the  House  of  Delegates  for  this  vear  from  Anne 
Arundel  were  Major  Henry  Hall,  Dr.  Charles  Carroll,  Mr.  Philip 
Hammond,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Worthiugton.  For  Annapolis  City, 
Capt.  Robert  Gordon,  and  Dr.  Charles  Stewart. 

On  Wednesday,  May  loth,  1745,  .lames  Barret  was  executed  at  An- 
napolis for  the  murder  of  John  Cain  in  Baltimore  county,  perpetrated 


History  OF  Annapolis  .  103 

under  the  following  circumstances  :  Cain,  Barret,  and  another  man, 
.  all  three  of  them  convicts,  were  engaged  in  petty  thieving,  and  Cain 
was  employed  to  sell  some  wool  for  them.  He  did  it  for  eighteen 
pence  ;  and,  on  his  refusal,  after  several  demands  to  give  his  compan- 
ions their  share  of  it,  tliey  drew  lots  who  should  kill  him.  It  fell 
upon  Barret,  and  he  inflicted  a  wound  upon  him  with  a  knife,  from 
which  he  died  in  nine  weeks.  Barret  appeared  at  his  trial  about  the 
first  of  April  without  remorse,  but,  at  his  execution,  he  "seemed  peni- 
tent for  his  sins  ;  implictily  confessed  the  fact  for  which  he  suffered  : 
admonished  the  spectators  to  avoid  drunkenness  and  passion,  and  de- 
clared he  forgave,  and  died  in  charity  with  all  mankind.'"* 

Slave  catching  tlirived  in  the  province  in  these  times.  The  records 
tell  of  one  John  Irwin,  who  was  well  known  in  the  province,  "particu- 
larly for  his  wonderful  dispatch  and  integrity  in  taking  up  runaways, 
and  his  remarkable  good  nature  in  sometimes  helping  them  off.  It 
will  be  left  to  a  certain  class  of  moralists  to  determine  which  of  these 
traits  led  him  to  commit  a  robbery  and  murder  on  the  public  highway 
in  Scotland,  which  he  expatiated  by  his  life  atEdinburg,  Nov.  1744." 

On  Tuesday  the  IGth  of  July,  1745,  there  were  great  demonstrations 
of  joy,  such  as  the  "fii-ing  of  guns  and  drinkings  of  healths  &c." 
made  at  Annapolis  over  the  reduction  of  Louisburg  by  the  New  Eng- 
land and  English  troops.  The  newspaper  of  the  capital  gave  great 
space  to  the  account  of  this  capture,  showing  how  keen  an  interest 
the  people  felt  in  the  achievement. 

On  the  4th  of  August,  1745,  Sunday,  a  severe  storm  passed  over  An- 
napolis doing  great  damage  to  it.  A  house  was  struck,  and  a  man 
.and  his  wife  severely  injured  ;  other  persons,  in  and  near  the  town, 
were  also  hurt.  Several  cattle  were  killed  in  the  country.  The  storm 
was  particularly  severe  towards  South  River.  In  this  section  three 
riders  liad  just  left  their  horses  standing  under  a  tree  and  had  retired 
to  the  house  for  shelter,  when  all  of  the  horses  were  struck  by  light- 
ning and  killed. 

On  the  loth  of  August,  a  lad,  aged  13  years,  William  Watson  was 
knocked  overboard  by  the  boom  of  a  schooner  within  Greenbury's 
Point  and  drowned.  On  the  35th  of  the  same  month  two  "servent 
men,"  one  belonging  to  Mr.  Tootell  and  one  to  Mr.  Inch  were  upset 
,in  a  canoe  on  Spa  Creek,  and  drowned. 

On  the  loth  of  September,  James  Briscoe,  of  St.  Mary's  county,  was 
burnt  in  the  hand  at  Annapolis  pursuant  to  a  sentence  of  court  for 
manslaughter,  to  which  he  pleaded  guilty. 

Robt.  Gordon,  Esq.,  was  chosen  mayor  of  the  city  in  October. 

In  this  year  the  ship  William  and  Anne,  of  Annapolis,  Capt.  Stra- 
.chan  was  captured — it  is  supposed  by  the  French — then  at  war  with 
England — on  her  passage  to  London,  and  ransomed  for  1,500  guineas. 

On  Thui-sday,  December,  20th,  a  fire  broke  out  about  midnight  in  the 
iCesidence  of  Mr.  Gibson,  in  Annapolis,  which,  notwithstanding  all  possi- 
ble assistance,  entirely  consumed  the  same,  with  all  the  furniture 
•wearing  apparel,  and  out-houses.  Two  negroes,  a  man  and  a  woman, 
perished  in  the  flames  ;  the  rest  of  the  family  narrowly  escaping  with 
•their  lives.  "It  is  thought  this  melancholy  accident  was  occasioned 
by  the  negroes  carrying  coals  up  stairs  to  light  tlieir  pipes  with."" 

Friday,  December  7,  Robt.  Gordon,  Esq.,  and  Walter  Dulany  were 
*  Maryland  Gazette. 


104  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

iinaiiimoxis]y  elected  delegates  to  the  General  Assembly  to  represent 
Annapolis. 

On  Monday,  Aiigust  oth,  1745,  the  Maryland  Legislature  began  a 
called  session  in  Annapolis.  A  greater  number  of  delegates  was 
never  known  to  be  in  attendence  at  the  first  day  of  the  session.  Col. 
Edward  Sprigg  was  unanimously  elected  speaker  and  Major  William 
Tilghman  appointed  clerk.  The  Governor,  Thomas  Bladen.  l\.sq.,  ap- 
proved their  election.  It  is  thus  seen  the  Governor  had  an  important 
prerogative  in  the  House — the  rejection  of  its  elected  officers. 

"The  session,"  said  the  Governor  in  his  speech  to  the  House,  "was 
occasioned  by  a  letter  I  have  received  from  the  Governor  of  New 
England,  which  shall  be  laid  before  you.  You  will  find  bv  it,  that 
we  are  called  upon  to  give  our  assistance  towards  securing  to  the 
obedience  of  our  Sovereign  the  late  acquisition  of  Cape  Breton." 
After  expressing  his  belief  that  the  body  would  not  l)e  wanting  in 
patriotism  in  the  matter.  Gov.  Bladen  concluded  his  speech,  with 
"Tliis  service  requiring  the  first  place  in  consultations,  and  the 
speediest  dispatcli,  I  shall  postpone  the  mention  of  ar.y  other  Matters 
to  you,  'til  we  have  discliarged  our  duties  npon  this  point." 

The  Upper  House  of  the  Legislature  in  a  brief  address  assured  Gov. 
Bladen  the  were  ready  to  give  all  assistance  in  their  power  to  aid  in 
securing  Louisburg  or  Cape  Breton  to  obedience  to  their  common  sov- 
erign  ;  and  were  ready  to  show  on  all  occasions  their  duty  and  zeal  for 
his  Majesty's  cause. 

Gov.  Bladen  briefly  replied  to  the  Upper  House  :  '  'Gentlemen  of  the 
Upper  Plouse  of  Assembly,  I  thank  you  for  your  address,  which  can- 
not but  be  vciy  agreeable  to  me.  as  it  confirms  m^  in  the  good  opinion 
I  have  of  your  duty  and  alfeetion  to  his  Majesty,  and  zeal  for  his 
service." 

On  Wednesday  the  7th,  the  Lower  House,  or  House  of  Delegates 
made  their  rei)ly.  The  jjeculiar  phraseology  of  the  first  part  of  the 
first  sentence  is  noticeable.  "May  it  please  your  Excellency,  We 
his  Majesty's  most  dutiful  and  loyal  suVjjects.  the  Delegates  of  the 
Freemen  of  jMaryland,  in  tliis  present  Assen.bly  convened,  take  leave 
to  acknowledge  the  favour  of  your  excellency's  speech  at  the  opening 
of  this  sessi.^n,  and  your  goodness  in  communicating  to  us  Gov.  Shir- 
ley's letter,  whereby  we  have  the  pleasing  news  of  tlie  deduction  of 
Louisburg  or  Cape  Breton,  to  his  Majesty's  obedience."  They  added 
although  exempted  from  the  call  for  troops,  they  would  proceed  to 
raise  a  supjiort,  and  promised  to  give  tliis  business  their  first  atten- 
tion. 

On  Friday.  Gov.  Bladen  returned  thisbrief  answer :  "Gentlemen  of 
the  Lower  llouse  of  Assembly,  It  is  a  real  satisfaction  to  me  to  find 
by  yo;ir  address-that  you  are  resolved  to  act  like  good  subjects,  faith- 
ful represenvatives,  and  true  lovers  of  your  country." 

Thus  far  all  was  well ;  but  behind  the  Gov'?rnor's  anxiety  to  secure 
an  appropriation  for  supplies  for  Louisburg  was  an  executive  skeleton. 
Pie  wanted  the  supplies  voted  at  once.  That  was  all,  it  appears, 
that  he  desired,  then  he  had  the  Legislature  in  his  power.  He  had 
the  right  of  dissoluuon  in  his  hand.  So,  if  the  Legislature  was  tur- 
bulent afterward,  he  could  prorogue  them,  and  not  disappoint  his 
wishes,  but  to  send  the  members  home  before  the  supplies  were  granted 
would  defeat  the  very  object  for  which  they  were  called  together.    The 


History  OP   Annapolis.  105 

Lower  House,  on  which  its  seems  devolved  the  burden  and  the  honor 
of  defendinij^  the  rio;hts  of  the  "Freemen  of  Maryland"  were  as  well 
aware  of  this  pitfall,  as  was  the  Governor  who  set  it.  They  did  not 
intend  to  step  in  it. 

On  the  eveninj^  of  the  7th,  probably  after  the  other  mild  and  agree- 
able address  had  been  presented  to  Governor  Bladen,  the  followhig  ad- 
ditional one  .vas  passed  by  the  Lov.^er  House:  "May  it  please  your 
Excellency,  It  appearing  to  this  House,  that  there  has  been  assessed 
and  levied  V)y  order  of  your  Excellency  and  coimcil,  the  sum  of  one 
pound  of  Tobacco,  on  every  taxable  person  within  this  Province  :  and 
to  force  the,  collection  thereof  an  execution  hath  been  put  into  the 
hands  of  the  respective  sheriffs  :  But  in  as  much  as  it  is  not  known 
to  this  House,  by  what  Power  or  authority  your  excellency  and  their 
Honors  have  done  tlie  '■\arae,  we  humbly  i^ray  your  excellency  will 
please  to  order  to  be  laid  Vjct'ore  this  House,  the  authority  by  which 
the  said  tax  hath  been  assessed,  levied,  and  execution  issued  for  the 
same." 

On  the  12th  another  address  was  sent  to  his  excellency.  It  read  : 
"]\ray  it  please  your  Excellency,  We  beg  leave  to  repi-esent  to  your  ex- 
cellency, that,  as  the  several  Naval  Officers  of  this  province  do,  by  vir- 
tue of  sundry  acts  of  Assembly,  collect  large  sums  of  Money  for  tlie  use 
of  the  public,  we  pray  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  acquaint  us 
whether  they  give  any  bond  for  the  due  execution  of  their  trusts  in 
their  oifices,  and  if  any,  where  lodged.  As  also  to  cause  the  same,  or 
authentic  copies  thereof,  to  be  laid  before  the  House." 

The  Governor  ignored  for  a  time  these  two  addresses  from  tlie  Lower 
House,  but  sharply  rebuked  that  body  on  the  13th  by  the  following 
message : 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Lower  House  of  Assembly,  You  have  now  sat 
above  a  week,  and  no  bill  has  yet  been  offered  to  me,  or  by  what  I  can 
find,  sent  to  the  Upper  House  for  the  pur[)Ose,  I  so  earnestly  recom- 
mended at  our  first  meeting,  and  which  brought  us  together  at  this 
season  of  the  year.  This  Delay  is  the  most  extraordinary,  as  you 
have,  in  your  a ddi-ess  in  answer  to  my  speech  at  the  opening  of  the 
session,  made  the  greatest  professions  of  loyalty  to  our  gracious  sov- 
erign,  a?id  zeal  to  the  common  cause,  and  you  cannot  bxit  know,  that 
the  greatest  dispatch  is  absolutely  necessary,  to  render  whatever  you 
shall  think  fit  to  contribute,  of  real  use.  This  is  a  truth  not  to  be  de- 
nied, and,  therefore,  it  is  that  I  postpone  the  mentioning  any  other 
matter  to  you  'till  we  shall  have  discharged  our  duties  upon  this  Point ; 
which  might  very  easily  have  b.een  done  in  two  or  three  days.  I  am 
sensible  that  what  is  passed  cannot  be  remedied,  and  that  all  I  can  do 
is  to  remind  you  of  your  duty  :  therefore  I  earnestly  exhort  you,  as 
you  regard  his  ^lajesty's  honor  and  service,  and  your  own  reputation, 
to  discharge  it  without  farther  loss  of  time." 

L^ndismayed  by  attacks  upon  their  loyalty  to  their  sovereign  or  in- 
sinuations against  their  personal  reputation,  the  members  of  the 
Lower  Housh,  undei-  date  of  the  loth,  made  this  manly  reply  : 

"May  it  please  your  Excellency,  Whatever  construction  you  are 
pleased  to  put  upon  our  actions,  we  assure  you,  that  our  unfeigned 
loyalty  to  his  Majesty  will  never  permit  us  to  give  the  least  delay  to 
anything  that  i-eiates  to  his  service,  and  this  is  apparent  by  the  early 
and  unanimous  resolve  of  our  House,  to  raise  a  sum  of  money  for  the 


106  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

support  of  his  garrison  at  Cape  Breton  :  And  accordingly  a  bill  to 
that  end  is  in  as  great  forwardness  as  the  subject  matter  would  ad- 
mit, and  will,  with  the  utmost  expedition,  be  sent  to  the  Upper  Rouse. 
Were  we  iueliued  to  think  of  any  other  than  a  fair  and  ui)right  be- 
havior in  your  excellency,  we  conceive  there  is  equal  room  to  suspect 
a  delay  on  your  part ;  as  you  have  had  before  you  our  address  relating  to 
the  authority  by  which  your  excellency  and  his  lordship's  council  have 
levied  upon  the  people  one  pound  of  tobacco  per  poll,  near  as  long  as 
the  affair  for  support  of  Cape  Breton  hath  been  under  our  considera- 
tion, and  we  should  think  it  less  difficult  for  your  excellency  to  say 
by  what  authority  that  tobacco  was  levied,  than  it  is  for  us  to  find 
out  ways  and  means  eifectually  to  answer  the  service  of  his  majesty 
with  tlie  greatest  ease  to  the  people. 

"As  wliat  we  are  about  to  do  for  the  service  of  our  most  gracious 
sovereign  is  the  result  of  our  own  free  will,  we  are  determined  not  to 
be  diverted  from  that  method  of  proceeding,  whereby  we  hope  to 
render  it  most  useful  and  agreeable." 

The  quarrel  was  now  fully  inaugurated  and  the  irate  Governor  was 
not  long  in  making  a  reply  to  this  independent  address.  The  next 
day,  the  16th,  Gov.  Bladen  sent  this  message  to  the  Lower  House: 
"Were  I  to  judge  of  your  address  by  the  reasoning,  language,  and 
style  of  it,  1  should  put  no  other  construction  upon  it,  but  that  you 
were  at  a  loss  how  to  defeat  tlie  service  you  are  met  upon,  and  tluit 
you  were  resolved  to  treat  me  witli  the  utmost  indecency  and  ill  man- 
ners, merely  to  furnish  yourself  with  a  pretence,  that  you  were  di- 
verted from  the  method  of  proceeding  that  would  have  rendered  your 
tervices  most  useful  and  agreeable  to  his  majesty. 

"But,  as  you  say,  you  ai-e  determined  not  to  be  so  diverted,  let 
your  proceedings  give  evidence  of  the  sincerity  of  your  words,  and  1 
shall  rejoice  at  it,  and  shall  willingly  lose  the  remembrance  of  your 
extraordinary  behavior  towards  myself  in  the  pleasure  I  shall  receive, 
when  I  sliall  see  your  actions  correspond  with  the  profession  you  make 
of  duty  to  his  Majesty  and  affection  for  his  service  :  This  is  the  great 
})oint  you  are  met  upon,  and  I  must  say,  you  have  already  let  so  much 
time  go  by,  that  you  have  no  more  to  lose,  if  you  really  mean  to  act 
like  good  subjects  and  avoid  an  odious  distinction  tliat  must  inevita- 
bly be  made  between  the  behavior  of  a  Maryland  Lower  House  of  As- 
sembly and  that  of  all  the  other  colonies,  who  have  been  applied  to 
on  this  important  business. 

"As  for  not  giving  you  an  answer  to  your  address  in  relation  to  the 
levy  of  one  pound  of  tobacco  })er  ))oll,  I  have  deferred  i;  purely  in 
respect  to  his  Majesty's  service  which  ought  to  have  engrossed  our 
whole  attention,  and  which,  if  it  had,  would  have  saved  the  pain  of 
answering  an  address  of  so  strange  a  imture  as  what  you  have  sent 
me  this  day,  wliich  I  know  to  be  the  production  of  a  few.  So  to  a 
a  few,  very  few,  do  I  impute  it." 

Three  days  after,  tlie  Legislature  voted  £1,000  towards  the  support 
of  the  garrison  at  Cape  Breton.  They  had  before  made  an  appropria- 
tion to  this  service  of  £2,090.  Thus  they  showed  their  loyalty  to 
their  sovereign,  whilst  they  maintained  their  rights  as  freemen. 

Once  in  the  arena,  the  Freemen  of  Maryland,  by  then-  representa- 
tives, were  disposed  to  bring  their  recalcitrant  governor  to  the  torture 
block,  and  to  answer  for  real  or  imaginary  delinquencies.     On  the  21st, 


History  OF  Annapolis.  107 

■after  reciting  in  an  address  to  the  governor  that  the  people  of  Mary- 
land were  "burthened  with  many  taxes  and  charges,"  they  reminded 
him  there  were  certain  fines,  forfeitures  and  amerciaments,  which 
ought  to  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  the  government,  and,  as 
there  have  been  no  accounts  been  rendered  to  the  House  of  Delegates 
for  many  years,  they  desired  accounts  of  them  from  "1715  to  this 
time." 

On  the  23rd  of  the  month,  the  delegates  of  Maryland  sent  his  ex- 
cellency another  address.     It  was  brief  and  pointed.     It  read  : 

"May  it  please  your  Excellency,  You  not  being  pleased  hitherto  to 
give  us  an  answer  to  a  former  address  of  this  House,  requesting  you 
would  order  to  be  laid  before  us,  by  what  authority  your  excellency 
and  his  lordship's  council  have  caused  to  be  levied  on  the  people  of 
this  Province  one  pound  of  tobacco  per  poll,  we  humbly  presume  to 
renew  our  application  to  your  excellency  for  that  purpose. 

"And  we  do  hope  this  request  will  be  the  more  readily  complied 
with,  as  it  is  the  desire  of  the  whole  representative  body  of  the  people 
of  Maryland." 

That  day  Gov.  Bladen  sent  three  messages  to  the  Lower  House  m 
reply  to  the  addresses  of  that  body.  In  the  first  he  said  that  the  tax 
of  one  pound  of  tobacco  was  levied  "by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Assembly, 
for  the  ordering  and  regulating  the  militia  of  this  province  for  better 
defence  and  security  thereof,  which  you  will  find  in  the  body  of  laws, 
2:>age  101." 

In  regard  to  the  naval  officers'  bond,  the  Governor  said  they  were 
^'lodged"  with  him,  and  he  had  ordered  copies  to  be  laid  before  the 
House. 

As  to  the  fines  and  forfeitures  paid  since  1715,  that  were  appro- 
priated by  the  Legislature  for  the  support  of  the  Government,  the 
governor  said  that  he  took  it  "for  granted,  that  the  agents,  who  re- 
ceived them,  have  accounted  for  them  to  the  Lord  Proprietary,  to 
whom  only  they  were  accountable."  The  same  reasoning  and  man- 
ner of  reply  was  made  as  to  the  fines  and  forfeitures  of  common  law. 
The  Governor  closed  his  communications  with  "and  if  there  was  any 
occasion  to  lay  such  accounts  before  the  Lower  House  of  Assembly, 
as  you  desire,  which  I  think  there  is  not,  it  would  be  a  very  difficult 
task  on  me  to  procure  such  accounts,  because  several  of  the  gentle- 
men who  have  been  agents,  are  dead,  and  I  am  not  acquainted  with 
their  executors  or  administrators.  The  same  reasons  will  reach  the 
amerciaments,  and,  therefore,  I  need  not  add  anything  more  relating 
to  them." 

The  governor's  replies  in  regard  to  the  bonds  of  naval  officer,  and  the 
fines,  forfeitures,  and  amerciaments  ajipear  to  have  been  satisfactory  ; 
but  not  that  in  regard  to  the  levying  of  the  tobacco  tax  by  himself 
and  council. 

On  September  second,  the  Lower  House  sent  the  longest  paper  of 
•the  correspondence  to  the  Governor,  in  which  it  recited  the  act  by 
which  the  governor  claimed  to  lay  the  tax,  and  stated  that,  as  this  act 
was  one  supplemental  to  one  enacted  to  be  hi  force  for  three  years,  its 
authority  had  long  since  expired.  "And  although,"  the  address  con- 
tinued, "this  be  our  opinion  on  that  point,  we  take  leave  further  to  ob- 
serve to  your  excellency,  that  it  the  said  act  were  in  its  full  force,  yet 
it  does  not  appear  to  us,  that  your  excellency  and  the  honorable 
board,  have  acted  agreeable  to  the  letter,  meaning,  or  intention  thereof. 


108  "The.  Ancient  City.  '  ' 

"It  gives  us  great  concern  to  have  any  cause  of  complaint  against 
or  difference  with  your  excellency,  and  that  honorable  board,  and 
therefore  truly  wish  and  hope  to  find,  that  the  welfare  and  ease  of 
the  peoj)le  may,  and  will,  be  the  measure  and  rule  of  acting. 

"We,  therefore,  hope  yon  will  agree  with  us,  that  it  is  a  high  in- 
fringement on  the  liberties  of  the  people  of  Maryland  to  levy  any 
taxes  on  them  under  color  of  law,  as  not  only  we,  but  our  constitu- 
ents generally  conceived  has  been  done  in  this  case."* 

*  Tfii>  correspondence  is  roviii  i  in  tlie 'jurieiii  numbers  of  the  Maryland 
Gazett?. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

Anxai'oijs  a  Century  Old. 

[1749.]  Mr.  Allen,  in  his  brooliure  of  St.  Anne's  Parish,  says  of 
Annapolis  at  tins  period  : 

"At  this  date  (1749,)  one  hundred  years  had  passed  away  since  the 
emigrants  from  Virginia  had  settled  in  the  territory  of  this  parish. 
And  it  may  be  worth  wliile  to  take  passing  retrospect  of  tlie  changes 
here  during  this  period.  The  original  inhabitants,  the  Indians,  were 
all  gone.  The  Puritans,  they  too,  as  such,  were  no  longer  heard  of, 
their  places  of  worship  were  desolate,  and  their  graveyai'ds — where 
are  they  ?  xVt  tlieir  Proctor's  Landing,  a  city  had  grown  up  ;  it  was 
the  seat  of  Government  for  the  province.  The  Slate  House,  the  Church, 
the  School  Houses,  and  magnificent  dwellings,  some  of  which  still  re- 
main,* liad  taken  the  place  of  the  log-hut  of  the  emigrant  and  the 
wigwam  of  the  Indian.  Luxury,  fashion,  and  commerce,  with  tlieir  at- 
tendant dissipations  and  extravagance,  had  taken  the  place  of  the 
severe  and  stern  simplicity  of  the  early  settlers.  The  battles  and 
wars  of  its  first  days  liad  been  forgotten,  and  the  full  congregations 
worshipping  at  the  Parish  Church  and  the  Chapel  at  the  head  of  the 
Severn,  show  that  Puritanism  had  passed  away.  And  this  last  men- 
tioned change  what  had  produced  it  ?  The  descendants  of  tlie  early 
Puritans  were  not  a  few,  and  many  of  tliem  were  still  here  ;  but  were 
they  Puritans  ?  How  came  all  this  ?  Was  it  that  tliere  were  lacking 
hi  Puritanism  tlie  elements  of  perpetuity  ?  True,  in  returning  to  the 
church  which  their  fathers  had  left,  they  sacrificed  no  doctrinal  behef  ; 
still,  the  ecclesiastical  government  and  the  forms  of  worship,  which 
their  ancestors  liad  called  by  such  harsh  names,  and  so  utterly  repu- 
diated, were  the  same.  Certainly,  then  we  are  left  to  the  conclusion 
that  while  the  Church  of  England  did  embody  whatever  was  needful 
to  self-i)resorvation  and  purity,  the  system  which  had  here  passed 
away,  did  not  possess  them.  For  could  earnestness  and  zeal  and  de- 
votion have  preserved  them,  they  had  contiRued  to  flourish." 

As  spiritual  changes  had  taken  place  in  the  Church — so  in  material 
matters,   marked  transitions  had  occurred.     A   hundred  years  had 

*   1858: 


History  of  Annapolis.  109 

given  the  matchlock  of  the  Marjiander  for  the  quiver  of  the  Indian  : 
the  pinnace  for  the  canoe  ;  tlio  printing  press  for  pictorial  chronicles  ; 
skilled  tillage  for  ■^he  unthrifty  liunt  ;  African  ^davery  for  savage 
liberty  ;  the  race-course  for  the  wrestling  match  ;  the  school  for  the 
war-dance  ;  substantial  edifices  for  the  wigwam  ;  the  grand  ritual  of 
a  mi<rhty  Church  for  the  artless  appeal  to  the  'Great  Spirit  ;  the  busy 
throl)  of  aTi  important  Capital  for  tlie  still-hunt  of  the  savage. 

The  out-look  of  the  city  was  fair  and  promising — its  merchants  had 
secured  the  chief  trade  of  the  province  ;  ships  from  all  seas  came  to 
its  harbor  :  its  endowed  school  educated  its  citizens  for  important 
positions  :  its  thouglit  made  the  mind  of  the  j)rovince  :  the  gayety  of 
its  inhabitants  and  their  love  of  refined  pleasure  had  developed  the 
race-course,  the  theatre,  and  the  ball-room  ; — their  love  of  learning 
the  Gazettp  and  King  William's  School ; — creations  and  enterprises 
that  made  the  province  famous,  in  after  years,  as  the  centre  of  the 
social  pleasures,  of  the  culture.,  and  of  the  refinement  of  the  American 
colonies. 


CHAPTER  XXX..* 
Chkoxkles   of  Annapolis  from  1746  to  i77.">. 

[174G.]  .January  28.  the  ship  Aurora,  Captain  Pickeman,  from  Hol- 
land, arrived  at  Annapolis  with  nearly  200  Palatines.!  Four  died  on  the 
passage  of  twelve  weeks. 

Saturday,  March  8,  from  10  to  12  o'clock,  there  was  a  remarkable 
aurora  borealis  at  Annapolis.  "It  extended  a  full  quarter  of  the 
compass,  and  in  some  places  resembletl  a  red-hot  oven.  The  corusca- 
tions, or  streams  of  light,  which  were  numerous,  and  continually 
•changing  shape  and  situation,  reached  near  50  degi'ees  towards  the 
zenith." 

The  importance  of  Annapolis  in  the  province  at  this  time  can  be 
seen  from  the  fact  that  Baltimoreans  were  obliged  to  do  their  adver- 
tising in  the  Annapolis  paper — Wvi  (razetU, — the  only  journal  then 
printed  in  Maryland. 

On  Tuesday,  the  6th  of  May,  the  long  boat  of  the  ship  Richmond, 
was  upset  about  three  miles  from  ToUey's  Point, and  the  boatswain,  gun- 
ner, and  three  others  were  drowned.  About  a  week  afterwards  their 
bodies  washed  ashore  near  Annapolis. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  corporation  about  this  period,  all  by-laws  were  re- 
pealed, and  fourteen  others  were  enacted  in  their  stead,  constituting 
at  that  time  the  entire  local  code  of  the  city.     They  were  : 

1.  To  prevent  nuisances. 

2.  To  ascertain  the  allowance  to  juries  for  verdicts. 

3.  To  oblige  officers  to  attend  to  their  duties. 

•  T  le  iieras  of  thi    rimptT  :i'e  t:i  c  •  1  111  li  il  V  fr  )in    thi^    M.iryland    Gazeite- 
The  quaint  expres-ions  aic  t'le  Gaz.-tt  •'.-(  own. 
I  Germans. 


110  '  '  T  H  E  A  X  C  1  E  X  T  G  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

4.  To  iireveiit  the  dangers  which  may  ha[)poii  by  the  firing  of  chim- 
ney t*. 
o.  For  security  of  tlie  peace. 

6.  ToprohiVjit  keeping  sheep,  hogs,  or  geese,  or  useless  cattle,  or 
horses  within  the  town  fence  :  except  in  styes  and  inclosures. 

7.  To  prevent  accidents  by  fire. 

8.  For  the  encouragement  of  tradesmen. 

9.  To  prevent  vexatious  suits  for  srhall  debts. 

10.  To  subject  such  persons  as  shall  hereafter  be  elected  Sheriffs  of 
Annapolis  to  a  fine,  if  they  shall  refuse  to  undertake  the  execution  of 
said  otHce. 

11.  To  prevent  the  dangers  and  accidents  which  may  arise  from 
building,  beaming,  or  graving  ships,  sloops,  boats,  and  other  vessels. 

12.  To  prevent  the  entertaining  and  harboring  of  slaves 

13.  To  prevent  sundiy  irregularities  within  the  city  of  Annapolis. 

14.  For  repair  of  the  public  streets  and  other  purposes  therein  men- 
tioned. 

15.  To  repeal  all  former  by-laws  of  this  corporation. 

June  i;},  three  persons  were  fined  £20  each  by  the  Anne  Arundel 
Court,  held  at  Aimapolis,  for  drinking  the  Pretender's  health. 

On  July  6th,  the  schooner  Peggy,  bound  for  Annapolis,  with  pas- 
sengers, was  struck  by  lightning  near  Sharp's  Island,  the  mainmast 
was  rent  from  top  to  bottom.  Ten  persons  lay  for  some  time  as  dead. 
On  recovering  their  conciousness  they  were  seized  with  violent  vomit- 
ings.    The  cabin  was  filled  with  a  sulphurous  smell. 

The  Gazette,  of  the  issue  of  July  15.  says  :  '"The  gentlemen  belong- 
ing to  the  ancient  South  Eiver  Clul).  to  express  their  loyalty  to  his 
Majesty,  on  the  success  of  the  inimitable  Duke  of  Cumberland's  ob- 
taining a  complete  victory  over  the  Pretender,  and  delivering  us  from 
persecutions  at  home,  and  popery  and  invasion  from  abroad,  have  ap- 
pointed a  grand  entertainment  to  V)e  given  at  their  Club  House  on 
Thursday  next.  An  example  worthy  tlie  imitation  of  all  true  loyal 
subjects." 

On  Wednesday  night.  September  2nd,  about  midnight.  Dr.  Charles 
Carroll  lost  a  warehouse  by  fire,  "the  third  disaster  of  the  kind," 
which  had  befallen  him  in  eight  months.     Loss  £600  sterling. 

On  the  15th  of  September,  three  companies  set  sail,  in  high  spirits, 
from  Annapolis,  to  engage  in  the  contemplated  reduction  of  Canada  by 
the  English.  The  Captains  were  Campbell,  Croftis,  and  Jordan. 
The  men  had  attained  great  proficiency  in  drill.  The  practice  of  ap- 
pealing to  the  ruler  of  the  universe  for  success  in  arms  was  in  vogue 
in  Maryland.  The  editor  of  the  Gazette  says  of  this  embarkation  and 
enterprise  :  "This  important  affair  must  excite,  in  every  true  subject, 
a  hearty  zeal  and  ardour  in  his  prayers,  that  the  Great  God  of  Hosts 
would  crown  their  enterprise  with  success."  Small  caps  are  the 
editors. 

Monday  September  29,  Michael  Macnemara  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Annapolis. 

Wednesday,  November  5th,  the  great  Whitfield  visited  Annapolis.  It 
was  a  day  of  thanksgiving.  He  preached  a  sermon  from  Prov.  XIY, 
28  ;  "Righteousness  exalteth  a  nation."  As  the  service  ended,  the 
ornament  at  the  back  of  the  Speaker's  pew.  gave  way,  and  struck 
several  gentlemen.  Two  were  hurt  severely.  The  fall  was  occasioned 
by  a  heavy  gust  of  wind. 


History  OF  Ax  xAPOLis.  Ill 

During: -this  year  the  sloop  Molly,  of  Annapolis.  Charles  Giles,  com- 
mander, bound  to  Barbadoes,  was  captured  by  a  French  privateer. 

[1747.]  Tuesday.  .January  6,  was  launched  a  very  fine  andla;-2:e  ship, 
belousrinij  to  Jlr.  William  Robert,  of  Annapolis.  She  was  called  the- 
Ruiiuyij  and  Long,  after  the  names  of  the  Builders,  and  would  carry 
700  ho2:sheads  of  tobacco. 

On  January  29,  Sheriff  William  Thornton,  by  order  of  Anne  Arundel 
County  Court,  offered  for  sale  to  the  highest  bidder,  two  men  in  his 
custody,  for  his  fees. 

The  Maryland  Gazette,  of  March  8,  says,  "on  Monday  last  week,  ar- 
rived in  Patuxent,  Capt.  Isaac  Johns,  from  London,  which  place  he 
left  the  18th  of  December  last.  We  have  not  yet  learned  of  any  news 
lie  has  brought  except  that  he  left  Portsmouth  twenty-four  hours 
after  a  Fleet  bound  to  America,  under  convey  of  a  Man  of  War  ; 
whom  were  the  Captains  German  Cole  for  Patuxent.  and  Grindell  and 
Creagh  for  Patapsco.  He  also  brings  advice,  that  his  Excellency 
Samuel  Ogle,  Esq..  with  his  Lady  and  Family,  is  on  board  the  same 
Man  of  War,  bound  hither,  with  a  commission  to  resume  the  Govern- 
ment of  this  Province  ;  his  Excellency  the  present  Governor  desighing 
for  England  this  Spring." 

On  March  9,  Thomas  Williamson,  advertised  that  "he  gives  good 
encouragement  to  men,  women,  and  children,  that  can  be  aiding  and 
assisting  in  the  business  of  making  duck  and  osnabrigs  ;  especially 
spinners." 

By  letters  from  London,  the  Gazette,  of  March  17,  says,  we  learn 
that  the  Snow  Glasgow,  Capt.  Montgomery,  and  the  Ship  Prince 
George,  Capt.  Coulter,  both  bound  hither,  were  taken  the  10th  of 
SepteraVjer  last,  about  50  leagues  from  the  Capes,  by  four  Frenchmen 
of  Avar  from  the  West  Indies,  who,  after  they  had  taken  out  the  goods, 
burnt  both  the  vessels. 

Stephen  West,  Jr.,  advertised  in  March  of  this  year  for  persons  who 
"are  skilled  in  spinning  of  Hemp  for  sail-cloth,  osnabrigs,  sacking,  or 
cordage  ;  and  weaving  of  sail  cloth,  &c.,  or  laying  of  rope,  having  all 
materials  in  readiness  for  carrying  on  the  business." 

A  touch  of  Balti7nore's  growing  commercial  importance  was  felt  at 
this  time,  the  Gazette  of  Tuesday,  March  24,  argumentatively  saying  : 
"Last  Saturday  sailed  out  of  Severn  River,  the  Ship  Britannia,  Capt. 
John  Hutchinson,  for  London,  having  onboard  1064  hogsheads  of  to- 
bacco, consigned  to  Mr.  John  Hamburg.  The  great  dispatch  which 
has  been  made  in  the  loading  of  that  large  ship,  being  but  littie  more 
than  two  months  (all  our  navigation  being  stopped  for  many  weeks  in 
the  winter,)  and  the  dispatch  which  those  ships  that  load  in  that 
river  commonly  made,  is  enough  to  make  one  wonder  that  so  niany  go 
further  up  the  Bay  into  Patapsco  to  load,  where  the  navigation  is  so 
much  more  difficult,  and  must  consequently  take  much  longer  time  ; 
and  where  we  are  well  informed  the  worm  bites  as  bad  as  in  Severn." 

The  Brig,  Raleigh,  late  the  Raleigh  Privateer,  Capt.  Samuel  Allyne, 
from  Annapolis,  with  5,000  bushels  of  wheat  for  Madeira,  ran  ashore 
and  bilged  on  Willoughly's  Point  in  Virginia,  on  the  21st  of  March  at 
night.  "  The  vessel  and  cargo  were  lost,  and  the  crew  saved  with  much 
difficulty. 

During  April  of  this  year,  "some  villians  broke  into  the  Council 
House  in  this  city,  and  stole  some  of  the  arms.      His  Excellency,  the 


112  '  '  T  H  E  A  N  c  I  E  N  T   City.'' 

Governor,  has  issued  a  Proclamation,  offering  a  reward  of  fifty  pounds 
to  an V  o:ie  that  will  discover  the  person  or  persons  concerned  in  the 
fact." 

On  Friday,  M{\y29,  Dr.  Aiexanderllamilton,  of  Annapolis,  v\-as  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Margaret  Dulany,  (daughter  to  the  Hon.  Daniel  Duhiny. 
Esq.,  "a  well  accomplished  and  agreeable  young  lady,  with  a  hand- 
some fortune." 

On  Tliursday  night  the  12th  of  May,  ''died  here,  after  a  short  illness. 
Miss  Anne  Ogle,  eldest  daughter  o''  his  ExceHency,  our  Governor,  a 
A^ery  hopeful  and  promising  young  lady,  endowed  witli  a  surprising  wit 
and  every  endearing  quality,  beyond  most  of  her  tender  years  ;  and  is 
greatly  lamented.'" 

Wechiesday  May  1.  a  negro  man,  named  Tom.  was  executed  here  for 
a  burglary,  of  wliic-h  he  Jiad  been  convicted  at  tlie  proceeding  County 
Court  in  Marcli. 

On  Sunday,  .July  I'^tli.  last,  two  very  hopeful  children,  the  eldest 
sons  of  Mr.  William  Ueynolds,  hatter,  of  this  place,  one  of  them  7. 
the  other  6  years  of  age,  were  drowned.  Their  bo:lies  were  soon  after 
taken  up. 

Among  the  Acts,  passed  at  the  late  Session,  wasone  "for  rejjairingand 
amending  the  public  and  county  goal,  in  the  city  of  Annap^'lis."'  Also, 
one  for  tlie  speedy  and  effectual  pul)licatiou  if  the  Laws  of  this 
"Provinces  and  tor  the  encouragement  of  .Inuas  Green,  Printer." 

On  Tuesday,  .July  28th  last,  "Mr.  Nicholas  Maccubbin,  of  Annapo- 
lis, merchant,  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Carroll,  only  daughter  of 
Dr.  Charles  Carroll,  a  young  gentlewoman  blessed  with  every  good 
qualification,  liaving  a  handsome  fortune.'' 

A  number  of  tlie  Rubeh.  imported  in  the  ship  .Johnson,  into  Oxford, 
were  brought  to  Annapolis  about  tliis  time  and  were  put  u|)on  sale. 

On  tlie  3rd  of  August,  the  body  of  Elisha  Williams  was  found 
drowned — servant  to  .John  Senliouse.  An  inquest  was  lield.  tlie 
coroner,  at  tlie  tune,  charging  "the  too  often  rigorous  us;ige  and  ill- 
treatment  of  masters  to  servants,  whereby  it  very  often  happened, 
that  such  ill-usage  was  the  eansage  of  many  servants  making  an  end 
of  themselves  one  way  or  other."  The  jury  then  took  evidence. 
What  was  the  exact  result  of  their  labors  it  is  difficult  to  say,  as  the 
only  record  there  is  at  hand  is  the  Uazetli-'s  account  given  in  the  fol- 
lowing clouded  style  :  "The  jury  gave  the  following  verdict;  viz: 
That  by  his  having  been  lately  ill-used  by  Hannah  Senhouse.  his  mis- 
tress, he  went  voluntarily  into  the  water  and  was  diowned,  whether 
his  having  been  ill-used,  or  expectation  for  the  future  to  be  so,  was 
the  cause  of  this  drowning  is  left  to  a  Grand  Inquest  for  the  body  of 
this  county  to  enquire  into;  and  we  are  informed,  tliat  the  transgres- 
sor, as  well  as  the  evidences,  are  bound  over  to  the  next  Assize-Court. 
It  is,  therefore,  to  be  hoi)ed,  and  it  is  the  intent  of  this  (being  hi 
print,)  that  all  masters  may,  and  will,  for  the  future,  use  their  ser- 
vants according  to  their  deserts,  let  the  consequence  of  this  case  end 
in  whatever  manner  it  will." 

At  this  period  Nicholas  Clouds  kept  "boats  and  hands  at  Broad 
Creek,  on  Kent  Island,  to  cro-:s  the  Bay  to  Annapolis  with  gentlemen 
and  their  horses,  and  like  wise  from  Annapolis  to  Kent  Island." 

The  Annapolis  Company,  Capt ,  Campbell,  showed  the  white  feather  at 
Saratoga.  Lieutenant  Joseph  Chew  of  that  company,  and  who  was 
taken  prisoner,  stated  :  "We  were  indeed  over-matched,  yet  our  men 


History  OF   Annapolis.  113' 

behaved  ill ;  some  threw  away  their  pieces  ^vithout  ever  firing  of  them  ; 
others  fired  once,  and  ran  oif." 

On  November  16th,  a  negro  man,  named  York,  was  convicted  of 
horse-stealing  in  Anne  Arundel  county,  and  sentenced  to  death, 
and,  on  Wednesday,  December  9,  was  executed  at  Annapolis.  In  con- 
tradistinction to  the  great  parade  made  today  in  the  newspapers  when 
a  criminal  is  hung,  the  Maryland  Gazette  summed  up  the  whole  mat- 
ter in  two  lines. 

December  14,  the  General  Assembly  was  convened  in  extra  session 
by  Gov.  Samuel  Ogle.  A  quorum  not  appearing,  the  Assembly  was 
prorogued  until  Monday  the  21st.  On  the  23nd,  the  Governo/made 
his  speech  to  membeis,  excusing  the  necessity  of  calling  them  together 
at  that  season,  but  lie  added  he  "thought  it  my  indispensible  duty  to 
obey  his  majesty's  commands,  which  I  shall  lay  before  you."  He- 
further  stated  what  his  majesty  desired  was  that  money  he  raised  to- 
support  their  own  colonial  troops  in  the  war  against  the  French  until 
the  whole  expenses  could  be  laid  before  Parliament. 

The  Upper  House  expressed  its  willingness  to  do  all  it  could  to  de- 
monstrate their  loyalty  to  their  sovereign  ;  the  Lower  House,  the  im- 
mediate representative  of  the  people,  was  more  cautious  in  its  ex- 
pressions. After  stating  the  inconvenience  with  which  they  had  as- 
sembled, they  exjiressed  their  willingness  to  do  all  in  their  power  tO' 
answer  "his  royal  expectations."  Tliey  also  informed  his  Excellency 
that  they  would  take  the  subject  into  their  "serious  consideration; 
and  determine  thereupon,  agi-eeable  to  the  present  circumstances  of 
the  people  we  represent."  They  were  not  long  in  coming  to  a  con- 
clusion. On  that  very  day  it  seems  they  made  a  further  address  to 
the  Governor,  in  which  they  represented  "that  the  vast  charge  and  ex- 
pense the  people  of  this  province  have  already  been  at,  in  lodging, 
maintaining  here,  and  transporting  to  Albany  in  the  province  of  New 
York,  the  place  of  general  rendezvous,  and  further  supplying  those 
levies  with  provisions  there  ;  together  with  the  heavy  taxes,  and  other 
difficulties,  under  which  the  people  we  represent  now  labor ;  have 
rendered  it  altogether  impracticable  for  us  to  raise  or  advance  any  sum 
for  payment  of  the  said  forces.  And  as  no  further  business  lies  before, 
this  House,  we  pray  your  Excellency  will  please  to  put  an  end  to  this 
meeting." 

The  Governor  replied  to  the  Lower  House,  "I  wish  with  all  my 
heart  you  could  have  thought  of  any  way  of  answering  his  majesty's 
expectations  at  this  time,  in  relation  to  our  own  levies,  agreeable  to- 
the  zeal  you  have  hitherto  shown  upon  the  like  occasions  ;  but  as  you 
represent  it  impracticable  for  us  to  raise  or  advance  any  further  sum 
for  the  payment  of  the  said  forces,  nothing  remains  for  me  to  do,  but 
to  put  an  end  to  this  Assembly." 

The  Legislature  was  prorogued  to  the  second  Tuesday  in  May  en- 
suing. 

On  the  37th  of  December,  Mrs.  Baldwin,  aged  99  or  100  years,  died 
near  Annapolis  on  her  son's  plantation.  She  is  said  to  have  been  bom 
in  Anne  Arundel  which  would  make  her  birth  about  the  settlement  of 
the  county.     She  left  behind  a  numerous  progeny. 

[1748.]  Information  arrived  at  Annapolis  early  in  this  year  that  the 
schooner  Hopewell,  Capt.  Coulhon,  of  Annapolis,  had  be%n  captured 
bv  the  French. 


114  "The  A  x  c  i  e  n  t  City.'' 

The  Judicial  Proceedings  of  the  province  throw  great  light  upon 
the  principles  of  the  early  Marylanders.  We  turn  out  of  the  way  to 
take  a  case  from  Baltimore  county.  On  the  second  of  that  assize  "one 
Bevis  Pain,  an  old  grey-headed  sinner,  was  tried  for  blasphemy.  His 
abominably  wicked  expression  (to  vile  and  horrid  to  repeat)  was 
fully  proved  upon  him,  and  the  jury  soon  found  liim  guilty,  and  he 
was  sentenced  to  be  bored  through  the  tongue,  and  to  pay  twenty 
pounds  sterling  ;.  the  first  part  of  ihe  sentence  being  immediately  put 
in  execution,  and  he  committed  to  the  Sheriff's  custody  'til  he  paid 
the  fine,'*. I 

At  the  April  Anne  Arundel  Court,  "One  "William  Phillips,  alias 
Gormond,  was  indicted  for  burglary  and  felony.  Cleared  of  the 
l)urglary.  but  found  guilty  of  the  felony,  lie  was  branded  with  the  letter 
II  in  the  hand,  and  then  committed  for  the  want  of  security  for  his 
good  behaviour." 

On  the  second  of  June,  one  of  the  Kent  Island  ferry  boats,  that  plied 
between  Annapolis  and  the  former  place,  was  overset  near  the  slioreby 
a  gale.  Wm.  Vickers,  of  Talbot  county,  Benjamin  T.  Fish,  and  John 
Donnahoe  were  drowned.  One  person  saved  himself  by  swimming 
ashore  and  another  by  holding  on  to  the  boat  until  he  was  taken  oil'. 

The  captures,  l)y  "tiie  Frencli  privateers  at  this  time,  made  an 
armed  merchantnum  a  valuable  carrier.  Thus,  in  July,  the  Shiji 
"Winchelsea,  Thomas  Cornish,  commanding,  lying  in  Severn  River,  as 
a  carrier,  advertised  as  an  inducement  to  shippers  that  she  carried  18 
guns  and  40  men. 

On  the  18th  of  August,  Capt.  Loyallfrom  ^Madeira,  arrived  at  An- 
napolis in  a  sloop  that  had  been  taken  from  the  French  by  an  English 
Man  of  War.  Because  the  sloop  could  not  be  condemned  at  Maderia, 
a  court  of  vice  admiralty  met  on  the  23nd,  at  Annapolis,  and  con- 
demned her  and  her  cargo  as  a  legal  prize. 

In  August  of  this  year,  the  Annapolis  prison  was  guarded  every 
night  by  a  strong  watch,  as  numerous  prisoners  were  in  it  who  were  to 
be  tried  at  the  next  assize  for  capital  offences.  For  all  that,  on  Satur- 
day morning,  the  third,  in  broad  daylight,  about  8  o'clock,  Mark 
Parr,  one  of  the  prisoners  charged  with  robbery,  and  "remarkable  for 
his  many  infamous  rogueries,  hanng  found  means  to  get  off  his  irons, 
scaled  the  prison  walls,  and  wilked  off.  He  was  seen  walking 
through  the  town  by  several  persons  who  did  not  know  him.  It  was 
stated  shortly  afterward,  how  correctly  we  are  unable  to  say,  that  his 
dead  body  was  found  in  back  woods.  "■*••• 

On  Thursday,  the  15th  of  September,  court  ended  for  Anne  Arundel 
county.  On  that  day  "Joseph  Humes  ;  of  the  city  of  Annapolis," 
Jeweler,  for  a  burglary  and  felony,  in  breaking  open  and  entering  tlie 
store  of  Mr.  Lyde  Goodwin,  merchant  in  this  city,  and  stealing  from 
thence  several  things  of  value  ;  Mathew  Lapear  and  Charles  Higgin- 
son,  for  breaking  open  and  robbing  the  store  of  Dr.  James  Walker, 
near  Patapsco  Ferry,  were  sentenced  to  death.  On  Wednesday  the 
21st  of  September,  Higginson  was  reprieved,  liut  the  other  two  on 
that  day  were  executed  at  the  gallows  near  Annapolis.  It  would 
seem  from'the  expression  "at  the  gallows"  that  this  horrid  instrument 
■was  in  such  constant  use  it  was  kept  continually  erected.  Humes 
J  Gfzette. 

•♦  M«i.  Gazette. 


History  of  A  x  x  a  p  o  l  i  s  .  11.") 

and  Lajjcar  "were  attended  to  the  place  of  execution  by  a  nuinerons 
crowd  of  spectators,  implicitly  confessed  the  facts  for  which  they 
suflfered,  behaved  with  great  decency,  and  declared  they  died  in  charily 
with  all  lihe  world,  "t 

On  Thursday,  the  22nd  of  September,  the  Ship  Winclielsea,  Capt. 
'Thomas  Cornish,  sailed  out  of  Severn  River  with  050  hogsheads  of  to- 
bacco, consigned  to  John  ITanbury.  merchant,  of  London. 

On  Thursday,  the  29th  of  Septemlier,  John  Ross,  Esq.,  was  chosen 
Mayor  of  Annapolis. 

Two  fatal  accidents  on  a  vessel  in  South  River  is  recorded  on  the 
6th  of  October — a  boy  belonging  to  it  fell  down  the  hold  and  was  in- 
stantly killed  ;  and  in  the  evening  one  of  the  crew  of  the  same  ship, 
fell  overboard  and  was  drowned. 

Felons  were  imported  in  the  province  as  late  as  this  period — for 
the  Gazette  notes  that  this  day  (the  2Gthof  October,)  the  Snow  Mary. 
Capt.  Brown,  arrived  in  nine  weeks  from  London,  with  52  felons. 
The  same  paper  contains  an  advertisement  for  their  sale  for  a  term  of 
seven  years.     They  consisted  of  men,  women,  and  boys. 

On  Tuesday.  Xovember  1st,  Capti  John  Carpenter,  died  at  Annapo- 
lis, lie  "had  long  been  a  worthy  inhabitant  of  this  city,  and  was 
many  years  commander  of  a  ship  from  London,  in  the  tobacco  trade  : 
and  who,  by  a  diligent  apnlication  and  honest  industry,  had  acquired 
a  considerable  fortune,  with  a  fair  character." 

[1749.]  On  March  2nd,  Robert  Gordon,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  Walter 
Dulany,  former  representatives,  were  unanimously rechosen  delegates 
to  the  Legislature  for  Annapolis. 

On  Wednesday,  March  28,  "the  Rev.  Andrew  Lendrum  was  i;;- 
ducted  into  this  parish — Annapolis — in  the  room  of  the  Reverend  and 
Ingenious  ]\L\  John  Gordon,  who  is  removed  to  the  great  grief  of  his 
parishioners,  to  St.  Michael's  parish,  in  Talbot  county. "± 

On  the  night  of  the  27th  of  jNfarch,  the  night  after  the  county  elec- 
tion, at  a  tavern  in  Annapolis,  "some  persons  being  more  merry  than 
wise,  and  not  considering  that  Golden  Rule  of  Doing  to  others  as 
they  would  they  should  do  unto  them,  made  themselves  sport  with 
Mr.  Vincent  Stewart,  one  of  the  company,  (who  had  been  a  little  too 
free  with  liquor.)  liy  throwing  and  tumbling  him  about  whereby  he 
got  very  much  hurt  and  bruised  ;  and  last  week  he  died.  The  coroner 
has  had  an  inquest  on  his  body,  which  is  adjourned  some  days.  It  is 
a  very  melancholy  affair,  as  he  has  left  a  sorrowful  wife  and  six  help- 
less children." 

On  Saturday.  July  29,  Wm.  Rogers,  Esq.,  a  gentleman  who  had 
held  many  posts  of  honor  and  trust,  died  at  Annapolis,  in  the  50th 
year  of  his  age.  He  was,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  one  of  the  Alder- 
men of  Annapolis. 

At  the  ar.size  for  Anne  Arundel  coimty,  which  ended  September  13th, 
Charles  Elliott  received  sentence  of  death  for  stealing  a  mare. 

On  the  29th  of  September,  John  Bullen,  Esq.,  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Annapolis.  On  the  election  day  a  race  was  run  on  the  race-course 
near  Annapolis,  "for  the  late  Mayor's  Plate,  £20.  wliich  was  won  by 
Mr.  Butler's  horse,  Calico.**    At  night  there  was  a  tell,  where  there 

t  Md.  Gazette. 
J  Md.  Gazette. 
»*  Md.  Gazette. 


116  "The  Ancient   City." 

was  a  great  nuinl)er  of  gentlemen,  and   a   splendid  appearance  of 
ladies." 

Joseph  Wilson  and  Isaac  Wright,  in  October,  were  sent  to  Jail  for 
counterfeiting  bills  of  credit  of  the  province.  The  counteri'eiting  was 
poorly  executed.  They  were  sent  to  Cecil  county  for  trial,  where 
Wilson  was  soon  after  tried  and  received  sentence  of  death,  Wright 
having  turned  State's  evidence  against  him.  Wilson,  however,  sub- 
sequently broke  jail  and  escaped. 

On  Wednesday,  the  8th  of  November,  the  Ship  Chester,  Capt.  Sedgley, 
from  Bristol,  arrived  at  Annapolis  with  about  20  passengers  and  a 
number  of  indented  servants  and  some  convicts. 

On  Wednesday,  November  29th,  the  Ship  Thames  Frigate.  Capt. 
James  Dobbins,  arrived  at  Ainiapolis,  with  120  convicts  on  board. 

[1750.]  It  will  be  observed  Vjy  the  following  advertisement  in  the 
'^Maryland  Gazette,'''  of  the  7th  of  Fel)ruary,  that  the  "servants"  or 
time-servicemen  were  sometimes  men  of  ordinary  education  : — '"To  be- 
Sold.  The  time  of  a  servant  man,  who  has  about  six  years  to  serve, 
understands  arithmetic,  writes  a  good  hand,  and  would  do  well  for  a 
teacher  of  children  in  the  coimtry.     Enquire  of  the  Printer  hereof. " 

Joseph  Wilson,  the  counterfeiter,  who  escaped  jail  in  1740  from 
Cecil  county,  got  into  a  fracas  in  New  Jersey,  was  wounded,  and 
afterward  recognized  and  re-arrested.  He  was  then  confined  in  Bucks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  jail,  and  succeeded  in  escaping  from  it. 

Thursday,  May  8th,  the  Legislature  met  at  AnnajJoUs.  On  Wed- 
nesday 9th,  the  Legislature  discharged  from  their  body,  Mr.  Walter 
Dulany,  a  representative  from  Annapolis,  "on  account  of  his  accep- 
tance of  the  office  of  Deputy  Commissary,  for  Anne  Arundel  county, 
since  his  election."  On  Wednesday  the  10th,  Mr.  Dulany  was  unani- 
mously re-elected  the  representative  of  Annapolis  in  the  same  General 
Assembly. 

About  the  middle  of  this  year,  James  Mitchell,  a  resident  of  Annapo- 
lis, met  with  a  singular  and  fatal  accident,  in  Ilappahannock  River^ 
Virginia.  He  went  out  on  a  flat  and  becaraed  entangled  "in  a  great 
number  of  sea-nettles  and  was  drowned." 

On  Friday,  August  31,  a  negro  named  Cuffee,  was  executed  at  An- 
napolis for  horse-stealing. 

[1751.]  On  Thursday,  February  28,  Mary  Steadman  was  found  dead 
in  her  bed  with  numerous  bruises  upon  her  body.  A  coroner's  jury 
brought  in  a  verdict  of  wilful  murder,  and  her  husband  was  arrested. 
On  Friday  the  12th  of  April,  the  husband,  John  Steadman,  a  Scotch- 
man, Avas  convicted  of  this  murder.  Besides  many  other  bruises  there 
were  visible  on  her  throat  the  marks  of  a  man's  thumb  and  finger. 
The  evidence  was  entirely  circumstantial.  He  was  executed  Wed- 
nesday April  17,  denying  to  the  last  his  guilt.  He  was  afterward 
hung  in  chains  on  a  gibbet  near  Annapolis.  At  the  same  time  Daniel 
Sullivan,  an  Irishman,  who  was  convicted  of  the  murder  of  Donald 
McKennie  in  Baltimore -county,  was  hung.  His  body  was  sent  to  that 
county  to  be  placed  in  a  gibbet  near  the  spot  where  he  committed  the 
murder. 

On  Friday,  April  12,  two  negro  women  were  executed  at  Annapolis 
for  burning  down  a  tobacco  house. 

The  convicts,  ti'ansported  to  Maryland,  committed  numerous  and 
alarming  crimes — murder  amongst  them.  Thomas  Poney,  in  June, 
was  sentenced  to  be  burnt  in  the  hand  at  Annapolis  for  burglary,  and 


History  of   A x n a p o l i s  .  117 

one  Sipheorus  Lucas,  for  burglary,  was  sentenced  to  be  hung.  He  was 
executed  at  Annaisolis  June  26th.  Both  these  were  transported  con- 
victs. 

On  Tuesday  night,  July  2nd,  a  bold  robbery  was  committed  in  An- 
napolis. Two  armed  men  placed  a  ladder  up  to  a  dormer  window  of 
the  house  of  Mr.  Charles  Cole,  merchant,  and  one  entered  the  room  of 
Mr.  Cole,  with  a  dark  lantern  and  pistol.  Presenting  the  weapon  to 
the  head  of  Mr.  Cole,  he  threatened,  if  he  made  a  stir  or  noise,  to  blow 
his  brains  out.  The  robber  proceeded  to  tie  him,  bruising  him  during 
the  ojjeration,  and  tellhig  him  his  money  he  wanted,  and  that  he  would 
have.  Mr.  Cole's  servant-man  John,  who  was  in  a  house  adjoining, 
hearing  a  noise,  looked  out  and  seeing  the  robl^er's  accomplice  below, 
was  told  by  aim  if  he  made  a  noise  he  would  shoot  him.  The  faithful 
fellow,  not  deterred  from  duty  by  this  threat?  proceeded  to  get  his 
gun,  and  fired  out  of  the  window  at  the  robber,  but,  missing  him,  was 
'fired  upon  in  return,  barely  escaping  being  shot.  The  robbers,  being 
thus  alarmed,  made  off.  A  reward  of  £80  current  money  was  offered 
to  the  accomplice  if  he  would  inform  who  broke  into  Mr.  Cole's  room, 
and  the  certainty  of  a  pardon. 

Subsequently,  about  the  middle  of  August,  John  Conner,  a  convict 
servant,  confessed  he  was  the  accomplice  who  was  engaged  in  the 
robbery  of  Mr.  Cole,  and  that  Thomas  Bevan  was  the  one  who  entered 
the  room.  Both  were  captured  and  lodged  in  jail.  On  being  put  on 
his  trial  Thursday,  September  12th,  Bevan  pleaded  not  guilty,  and 
when  his  accomplice  was  put  on  the  stand  against  him,  he  objected  to 
him  giving  evidence  as  contrary  to  the  laws  of  England.  On  being 
told  that  there  was  a  law  of  the  province  which  allowed  it.  he  "cour- 
teously,"  begged  pardon  for  giving  so  much  trouble,  and  entered  a 
plea  of  guilty.  He  was  sentenced  to  death,  and  was  executed  at  An- 
napolis on  Friday,  Xoveraber2nd,  manifesting  much  contrition  for  his 
evil  life,  and,  in  an  address  on  the  scaffold,  warning  others  by  his  bad 
life  and  sad  fate.     He  was  transported  from  England  for  crime. 

George  Wilson  was  in  September  found  guilty  of  the  murder  of 
Capt.  b^nith,  near  St.  Mary's,  and  received  sentence  of  death.  He 
was  afterward  reprieved. 

Richard  Whalen,  a  resident  of  Annapolis,  about  this  time  was 
drowned  in  Bohemia  River. 

It  was  now  that  the  authorities  become  thoroughly  alarmed  in 
regard  to  the  conduct  of  convict  servants,  and  the  magistrates  of 
Anne  Arundel,  during  August,  ordered  that,  for  every  convict  servant 
hereafter  imported  in  that  county,  there  should  be  £oO  security  given: 
It  was  understood  that  other  counties  would  do  the  same.  The  Gazette 
puns  on  the  fact  that  these  people  were  sent  to  America  for  the  better 
peopling  of  the  colonies. 

[1752.]  Green  street  was  laid  off  in  1752  from  Church  [Main] 
street  to  Duke  of  Gloucester,  by  Dr.  Chares  Carroll.  He  offered 
lots  on  both  sides  of  it  for  sale. 

On  Sunday  morning.  May  5th,  Governor  Samuel  Ogle  died  at  An- 
napolis, in  the  58th  year  of  his  age.  His  remains  were  interred  in  St. 
Anne's  Church.  Benjamin  Tasker,  Esq.,  as  the  first  person  named  of 
his  Lordship's  Council,  assumed  the  Governorship  of  the  province 
after  the  death  of  Governor  Ogle.  Governor  Ogle  had  served  three 
.terms  as  Governor. 

On  Friday,  May  15th,  James  Powells  was  hung  at  Annapolis,  for 


118  '-The  Axe  IE  NT  City.  " 

burglary  and  robbery  committed  in  Somerset  comity.  He  fainted  aC 
the  gallows,  it  was  supposed,  by  the  stagnation  of  blood  caused  by 
his  hands  being  tied  so  tightly.  "On  his  coming  to  himself,  he  de- 
sired the  executioner  to  make  haste  and,  amidst  some  private  ejacula- 
itions,w  as  turned  off." 

Benjannn  Tasker,  Jr.,  and  Christopher  Lowndes  offered  for  sale  in 
Annapolis,  by  public  advertisement  a  parcel  "of  healthy  slaves,  con-< 
sisting  of  men,  women,  and  children,"  directly  from  the  coast  of 
Africa,  in  the  Elijah,  Captain  James  Lowe. 

[1758.]  Wednesday,  May  IGth,  Charles  Campbell,  Daniel  Spinkfe,  and 
John  Brown,  were  executed  at  Annapolis  for  burglary.  These  frequent 
executions  at  Annapolis  were  not  all  due  to  the  dissolute  morals  of 
the  people  of  Anne  Arundel,  but  the  practice  was  to  execute  all  the 
criminals  of  the  province  at  the  Capital. 

Several  times  in  July  d  large  wild  bear  was  seen  in  the  woods  on  the 
North  side  of  Severn,  visithig  plantations,  and  stealing  hogs,  and 
other  domestic  animals. 

September -Ttli,  Ilobert  Gordon,  Esq. ,  died,  aged  77,  who  for  many  years- 
was'  '  a  reputable  inhabitant  of  this  city,  having  lield  the  offices  of  Alder- 
man, Representative  to  tlie  Lower  House  of  Assembly,  Judge  of  the 
Provincial  Court,  and  Commissioner  of  Land  Office,  which  trusts  he 
executed  with  diligence  and  industry." 

December  0th.  Hon.  Daniel  Dulany,  died.  He  had  l)een  Commis- 
sary General,  one  of  the  Council  of  State,  and  Recorder  of  Annapolis. 
"He  was  very  eminent  in  the  pi"ofession  of  law,  and  in  all  his  several 
t>tations,  acquitted  himself  with  strict  equity  and  unwearifd  diligence." 
This  was  Dulany,  tlie  elder.  It  was  the  other  Daniel  Dulany  that  was- 
so  prominent  for  his  ability. 

[1754.]  November38th,  Messrs.  Walter  Dulany  and  Stephen  Bordley 
were  chosen  to  represent  the  ciiy  of  Annapolis  in  the  ensuing  General 
Assembly. 

[1755.]  March  13th,  at  the  Anne  Arundel  County  Court,  Edward 
Vmn  was  convicted  of  steahng  a  grindstone  for  which  he  was  stood  in  the 
Pillory  and  received  thirty  la>hes  at  the  whipping  post,  well  laid  on, 
"which  convinced  liim  of  having  had  a  hard  bargain." 

Ponelope  House  was  twice  whipped  and  twice  stood  in  the  Pillory 
for  shop-lifting. 

February  2yth,  died  here  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Marriott,  widow,  who  kept; 
the  Ship  Tavern  in  South  East  street.     She  h}(d  property  valued   at. 
upwards  of  £3,000. 

February  28th,  was  landed  here  "from  on  board  the  Good,  Captain 
Chew,  for  the  use  of  the  city,  a  very  fine  engine,  made  by  Newthem- 
and  Reagg,  No.  1800,  London,  which  the  inhabitants  last  year  gener- 
ously subscribed  for.  It  threw  water  150  feet  per] (cndicular."  Was 
not  this  the  city's  present  heirloom,  "The  Victory  ?" 

October  30th,  Jonas  Green  was  elected  Con.mon  Councilman  in- 
place  of  John  Brice,  Esq. 

November  5th,  the  French  and  Indians  were  dra  .ving  so  nejir  the 
province  that  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  fortify  Annajiolis.  The  cele- 
brated Fort  Frederick,  still  standing,  was  then"  built  in  Washington 
county. 

November  I8th,  about  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  a  shock  of  an 
earthquake  was  sensibly  felt  by  many. 

[1755.]  On  the  first  of  December,  1755,  five  vessels  arrived  at  An- 


History  OF  Annapolis.  119 

napolis  loaded  with  those  unfortunate  exiles — that  Longfellow  has 
immortalized  in  verse.  The  people  of  the  town  were  at  first  exercised 
at  the  thought  of  having  a  number  of  "French  Papists"  among  them — 
the  mixture  beinp^a  double  portion  of  foreign  and  religious  evil.  The 
poor  Aeadians  proved  objects  of  charity  rather  than  of  fear,  and  food 
and  i-aiment  were  promptly  supplied  them.  Three  of  the  vessels  were 
despatched  to  other  points  in  Maryland  to  distribute  the  exiles  among 
the  people.  One  ship  remained  at  Annapolis,  and,  no  doubt,  the  descen- 
dants of  these  unfortunate  people  are  with  us  to  this  day.  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  the  names  of  the  exiles  are  not  known  to  us  that  their 
progeny  might  trace  their  descent  from  them — genealogical  study 
being  a  pleasure  for  which  even  our  sturdiest  Republicans  have  the- 
keenest  zest. 

[175G.]  February  5th,  Mr.  Launcelot  Jacqiies,  merchant,  was 
chosen  Common  Councilmen,  in  place  of  Dr.  Charles  Carroll,  deceased. 

February  17th,  the  birthday  of  Lord  Baltimore  was  celebrated  Ity 
the  Governor  who  gave  an  elegant  entertainment.  In  tlie  evening  a 
public  ball  was  given  at  the  Council  House. 

March  32nd,  Col.  George  Washington  passed  through  Annapolis, 
en  route  for  Vii-ginia. 

Jiuie  24th,  there  was  a  violent  gust  of  lightning,  thunder,  hail, 
and  wind.  The  lightning  struck  the  Court  House,  and  set  it  on  fire, 
but.  by  tlie  assistance  of  the  inhabitants  and  the  fire-engine,  it  was 
speedily  put  out. 

July "8th,  a  Tannery  was  set  up  at  Annapolis  by  Thomas  Hyde. 

Wednesday,  the  10th  of  Noveml)er,  was  celebrated  at  Annapolis  as 
the  birth-day  of  the  King  who,  on  that  day,  entered  his  27th  year. 

[1757.]  June  23rd,  a  number  of  young  gentlemen  of  the  place, 
armed,  went  as  volunteers  from  here,  to  join  what  other  force  might 
be  raised  for  immediate  defence  of  the  colony  against  the  Indians. 

Tliis  is  the  style  in  which  the  fair  were  puffed  one  hundred  years 
ago : 

"On  Saturday  last  (January  1st,  1757,)  Wm.  Murdock,  Esq.,  of 
Prince  George's  county,  was  married  to  Mrs.  Hamilton,  of  this  city,  a 
most  agreeable  widow  lady,  of  excellent  accomplishments,  and  a  happy 
temper." 

During  the  preceding  fall  and  present  winter  Annapolis  was  infected 
with  the  small-pox.  Inoculation  was  practiced  upon  one  hundred 
persons  ;  all  of  whom  recovered  ;  whilst  of  those  who  had  it  in  the 
natural  way,  one  out  of  every  six  died.  The  family  of  Jonas  Green 
was  afflicted  to  such  an  extent  that  many  of  his  customer;  were  afraid 
to  take  the  ''Gazette,'''  lest  they  would  catch  the  disease.  Mr.  Green, 
whilst  he  expressed  a  doubt  as  to  paper  carrying  the  disease,  subse- 
quently stated  that  people  "need  not  fear  to  catch  the  small-pox  from 
the  paper,  as  it  was  kept  all  the  time  a  good  distance  from  the  liouse, 
and  beside  the  disease  was  now  eradicated  from  his  premises." 

On  March  10th,  the  Gazette  announced  that,  "As  almost  all  the  in- 
habitants of  this  city,  who  were  liable  to  that  distemper — (Small-pox,) 
have  either  had  it,  or  are  now  down  with  it,  we  hope  in  a  very  little 
time  the  town  will  be  quite  clear  of  it,  and  business  be  carried  on  as 
usual."  The  small-pox  was  so  bad  on  the  27th  of  March  that  the 
Legislature  would  not  meet  on  that  day  in  Annapolis,  but  was  pro- 
rogued by  the  Goverhor  to  meet  in  Baltimore  on  the  fifth  of  April. 

Febrnarj  14th,  Col.  George  Washington  stopped  in  Annapolis. 


130  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

[1758.]  March  32,  "at  night,  at  two  minutes  before  ten,  when  the 
air  was  very  cahn  and  serene,  we  had  here  a  very  considerable  shock 
of  an  earthquake,  but  through  God's  mercy,  it  has  done  no  tlamage 
that  we  have  yet  heard  from.  For  about  |-  of  a  minute,  before  the 
shock,  there  was  a  rumbling  sound,  not  unlike  that  of  carriage  wheels 
on  pavements  or  frozen  ground,  at  a  distance,  which  increased  until 
the  shaking,  and  that  lasted  about  half  a  minute."* 

September  7th,  Walter  Dulany  and  George  Stewart,  Esqrs.,  where 
chosen  to  represent  this  city  in  the  Legislature. 

The  price  of  lodging  at  this  time  was  about  $1.00  per  day,  during 
the  session  of  Assembly. 

November  7th,  during  an  inquiry  into  a  contested  election  affecting 
a  representative  from  this  city,  the  question  as  to  whether  aldermen 
had  a  right  to  vote  in  the  election  of  delegates  was  decided  in  the 
negative. 

December  21,  the  election  of  George  Stewart,  Esq.,  one  of  the  re- 
turned members  of  the  Legislature  from  this  city,  was  set  aside,  and  a. 
writ  issued  for  a  new  election. 

[1759.]  August  20th,  Mr.  Thomas  Jennings,  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
Land  Office  died  here.     He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Wm.  Stewart. 

During  this  year,  Uiany  dead  bodies  of  men,  were,  at  intervals,  found 
floating  in  the  dock.  They  were  supposed  to  have  been  thrown  over- 
board by  captains  of  vessels,  to  escape  the  trouble  of  interment. 

[17G0.]  On  April  17th,  a  negro  man,  named  Bristol,  died  at  An- 
napolis, aged  125. 

A  handsome  collection  was  made  May  29th,  in  the  Episcopal  Church, 
for  the  sufferers  by  the  late  great  fire  in  Boston. 

The  Windmill,  built  on  Windmill-point,  in  this  town,  began  to 
grind  September  1st,  and  was  reckoned  to  be  the  strongest  and  best 
built  mill  in  the  country.  It  ground,  with  a  middling  wind,  12  bushels 
in  an  hour.  It  was  built  of  stone  and  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Naval 
Academy. 

In  November,  a  Stocldng  Manufactory  was  in  operation  in  this  city. 

[1769.]  On  May  11th,  a  servant  of  Richard  Mackubin  made  a  con- 
fession that  he  was  one  of  a  gang  of  miscreants  who  for  some  time 
past  had  been  plundering  smoke-houses,  ware-houses,  collars,  etc., 
which  they  entered  by  false  keys.  Eleven  of  his  companions  were  ap- 
prehended and  committed  to  jail. 

October  24th,  a  man,  supposed  to  be  intoxicated,  went  into  a  house 
and  demanded  grog,  which  being  refused,  he  drew  a  sword,  and  stab- 
bed a  Mrs.  Cumberford,  who  bled  to  death  before  assistance  could  be 
rendered. 

In  the  Act,  entitled  "an  Act  for  emitting  bills  of  credit  and  other 
purposes  therein  mentioned,"  passed  during  the  Session  of  1769,  and 
a  sum  of  money  not  exceeding  £7,000  Stirling,  was  appropriated  to 
the  building  an  edifice  in  this  city  where  the  present  (the  second) 
State  House  now  stands,  sufficient  to  accommodate  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Houses  of  Assembly,  the  High  Court  of  Appeals,  Chancery  and 
Provincial  Courts  of  this  Province. 

[1770.]  January  11th,  Mr.  James  Brookes,  of  Annapolis,  was  ajj- 
pointed  Clerk  to  the  Commissioners  for  emitting  bills  of  credit. 

[1771.]  January  12th,    the   following  gentlemen  were  chosen  to 

*  Md.  Gazf  t'e. 


History  of  Annapolis.  121 

"represent  the  City  of  Annapolis  in  the  General  Assembly :  Messrs. 
John  Hall  and  William  Paca. 

In  an  "especial  Court"  held  here,  January  17th,  one  person  was  burnt 
in  the  hand,  two  ordered  to  be  wliipped  and  stood  in  the  Pillory. 

Morris  McCoy  and  negro  Daniel,  the  former  for  the  murder  of  his 
master — were  executed  January  22nd,  on  the  gallows  near  this  city, 
pursuant  to  their  sentences  :  McCoy's  body  was  from  thence  removed 
to  a  place  near  which  his  master  was  murdered,  and  there  hung  in 
chains,  on  a  gibbet  erected  for  that  purpose,  in  sight  of  the  road  lead- 
ing to  the  lower  ferry  on  Patapseo  Hiver. 

As  an  instance  of  the  curious  matter  deemed  of  such  importance  as 
to  warrant  publication,  there  is  published  on  February  28th,  a  notice 
•  of  the  inoculation  of  the  Governor's  two  children  and  their  safe  re- 
- CO very. 

Mr.  Ralph  Dobinton,  of  Annapolis,  was  drowned  July  4th,  while 
attempting  to  save  another  person,  which  person  safely  reached  the 
shore. 

The  new  theatre  on  West  street,  was  opened  September  9th.  This 
was  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  Express  Office. 

[1772.]  A  slight  shock  of  earthquake  was  felt  in  Annapolis  on  April 
25th. 

Captain  Dunlop,  on  board  of  a  schooner  bound  for  the  Eastern 
Shore,  was  seized  with  a  frenzy  on  November  11th,  and  leaped  over- 
■board,  near  Greensbury  Point,  and  was  drowned. 

[1773.]  On  Tuesday,  April  1st,  as  a  young  negro  was  digging  away 
a  bank  in  a  gentleman's  garden,  he  undermined  the  earth  to  such  an 
•extent  that  it  fell  upon  him,  and  killed  him  instantly. 

The  same  day,  a  dispute  arising  between  a  man  and  woman,  both 
under  the  influence  of  liquor,  the  woman  gave  the  man  several  blows 
■on  the  liead  with  a  broomstick,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  in  a 
few  hours. 

November  14th,  Mr.  Robert  Pinkney  was  killed  by  a  fall  from  his 
horse. 

It  was  at  this  period  the  national  feeling  of  the  Annapolitans  was  all 
aglow.  The  famous  dispute  between  the  brilliant  Dulany  and  the 
learned  Carroll  had  taken  place  in  the  Maryland  Gazette.  Loving  the 
mother  country  with  all  the  loyalty  of  a  patriotic  people,  the  citizens 
.  of  Annapolis  were  yet  more  loyal  to  their  rights,  liberties,  and  sacred 
privileges.     The   author  of  the  letters  of    "The  First  Citizen,"  who 

■  sustained  the  extreme  American  side  of  the  stamp  act  controversy, 
was  entirely  unknown  but  so  grateful  were  the  people  to  the  author, 
that  they  instructed  the  members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Mary- 
land, to  return  their  hearty  thanks  to  the  unknown  writer,  through  the 
public  j^rints.  This  was  done  by  William  Paca  and  IMatthew  Ham- 
mond. When  it  transpired  that  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrolton.  was  the 
author  of  these  letters,  numbers  of  citizens  went  to  him  and  expressed 
their  thanks  personally.     The  knowledge  of  this  authorship  elevated 

■  him  at  once  in  public  favor. 


123  '  '  T  H  E  A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  " 

CHAPTER  XXXI.* 
Customs  and  Characters  of  the  Capital. 

"William  Farris,  Maker,  Annapolis. "  "Such  is  the  inscrijjtion  oa 
the  face  of  an  old  clock  standing  in  an  old  hall  in  old  Annapolis. 
^Vnd  pray  who  was  William  Farris,  the  maker  of  this  stately  time- 
piece that,  in  measured  cadence,  still  records  thecreeping  hours  mark- 
ing the  day  of  the  month  and  showing  the  phases  of  the  moon  by  the 
appearance  and  disappearance  of  that  ever  rubicund  and  amiable 
countenance  which  in  obedience  to  the  mysterious  mechanism,  peers 
over  and  dodges  behind  the  dial  plate  with  lunar  punctuality  ? 

"He  must  needs  have  been  an  oddity.  The  only  record  of  his  life, 
his  will  in  rhyme,  turns  up  from  the  dusty  pigeon  hole  of  a  dead  law- 
yer's office  desk,  legally  endorsed,  W.  Farris,  watchmaker  at  An- 
napolis, Maryland,  his  wU — composed  by  Miss  Charlotte  Hcselius, 
first  wife  of  Thos.  .Je  nings  Johnson,  Esq.,  and  daughter  of  Ileselius, 
the  portrait  hmner.' "     Here  is 

The  Will  of  William  Fakris. 

"Old  Farris  one  day,  as  he  sat  in  his  shop 

Revolving  the  chances  of  dying  or  not. 

The  hyppo  so  seized  him  he  tho't  it  was  best 

To  divide  his  estate  ere  his  soul  went  to  rest, 

So  to  work  went  the  goldsmith  : — Dreadful  the'  task  ! 

But  first,  for  advice,  he  ajjplied  to  his  flask. 

The  gin,  ever  generous,  fresh  spirits  afforded 

And  the  will  as  I  heard  it  was  nearly  thus  worded, 

I,  William  Farris,  being  well  as  to  health. 

Knowing  Death  often  comes  to  old  people  by  stealth 

And  without  giving  caution,  or  caring  for  fears. 

Will  take  whom  he  pleases,  regardless  of  tears  ; 

So  I  now  think  it  best  to  be  thus  on  my  guard, 

By  making  my  will,  tlio'  I  own  it  is  hard 

To  forsake  all  tlie  gains  I  have  made  all  my  life. 

And,  Grod  knows,  1  liave  made  tliem  with  trouble  and  strife. 

Many  nights  have  I  watched,  dread  want  to  defy  ; 

Xow  I  make  my  last  will  and  prepare  me  to  die. 

Then,  I  give  and  l)equeath  to  my  dear  loving  wife  ; 

In  case  she's  a  widow  the  rest  of  her  life  ; 

The  plates,  spoons  and  dishes,  pots,  kettles  and  tables, 

With  the  red  and  white  cow  that  inliabits  the  stables. 

The  landscape,  and  "Judith"  that  hangs  on  the  wall. 

And  the  musical  clock  hind  the  door  in  the  hall. 

My  buckles  and  cane  to  son  William  I  give. 

And  no  more,  because  he's  got  substance  to  live, 

His  road  I  took  care  in  his  youth  to  instruct  him, 

Tho'  I  say  it  myself,  a  princess  might  trust  him. 

The  dog  grew  ungrateful,  set  up  for  himself, 
*  A  li\rs;e  portion  of  this  chapter  is  the  result  of  the  research,  labor,  and 
abiliiy  of  Frank  1?.  Ma.ver,  E^q.,  who,  with  unusual  personal  kindness  nnd 
marked  ze;il  in  the  work  of  savins  to  history  the  chronicles  of  Annapolis, 
placed  his  manuscript  at  the  disposal  of  the  author,  who  lias  liberally  availed 
himself  of  the  generous  olTer. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  133' 

And  at  Xorfolk,  they  say,  he  has  plenty  of  pelf. 

Since  he's  gone  away  't  will  be  best  for  his  brother. 

I  give  Hyani  his  portion  to  comfort  his  mother, 

All  the  tools  in  my  shop  to  said  Hyam  I  give 

And,  if  he  minds  work,  he'll  make  out  to  live. 

My  coat,  which  I  turned,  is  a  very  good  brown 

And  may  serve  nuxny  years  to  parade  in  the  town. 

'Twill  be  good  as  ever  if  he  take  my  advice, 

And  the  buttons  of  silver  will  make  it  look  nice, 

The  place  in  the  back  which  is  greased  by  my  club 

Would  come  out  if  he'd  take  good  care  to  rub 

It  with  soap  and  with  brush  or  good  spirits  of  wine 

Which  will  freshen  the  cloth  and  make  it  look  fine. 

The  coat  he  mu^  wear  with  my  corduroy  breeches 

When  Abbey  has  given  them  a  few  odd  little  stitches. 

And  Ab'  will  be  kind,  I  know,  to  her  brotlier 

Because  he's  the  favorite  of  me  and  his  mother. 

A  pair  of  silk  hose  I  had  when  a  boy 

Intend  shall  be  his  ;  'twill  give  him  much  joy. 

To  own  these  said  hose  he  has  begged  for  so  o^ten 

But  they  n'er  shall  be  his  till  I'm  safe  in  my  cofiiu. 

I  had  always  a  mind  to  give  them  to  Saint 

'Till  he,  like  a  fool,  turned  Methodist  quaint. 

I  swore  at  the  time  he  never  should  have  them  ; 

And  I  know  Saint  would  vear,  the  other  would  >Mi'e'em. 

For  the  reasons  here  mentioned  I  leave  them  to  Hy 

To  wear  if  he  pleases  when  walking  is  dry. 

To  my  son,  Charles  Farris,*  I  have  and  bequeath 

My  vvatch  and  bird  organ,  and  also  I  leave 

To  said  son,  as  he  pleases,  a  black  ring  or  pin  ; 

There  are  two  ready  made  which  I'm  sure  would  suit  him, 

They're  the  first  that  I  made,  rather  clumsily  done. 

But  good,  in  all  consceince,  enougli  for  my  son. 

The  teeth  he  may  have,  rather  clumsily  strung  ; 

Every  tooth  that  I've  drawn  since  the  time  I  was  young  ; 

Six  pair  of  thread  stockings  ;  two  cotton,  two  yarn  ; 

That  my  wife,  poor  dear  woman,  sat  up  all  night  to  darn, 

These  will  last  him,  with  care,  a  very  great  while 

And  so  money  he'll  save  to  make  the  pot  boil. 

To  Saint  Farris,  my  son,  who  is  now  on  the  seas 

I  will  that  he  has  any  roots  that  he  please  ; 

All  my  garden  utensils  ;  "Swift's  Polite  Conversations  ;" 

And  I  wish  he'd  leave  sea  to  live  with  his  relations. 

I  know  all  their  minds,  and  they  all  love  poor  Saint, 

And  his  brother  has  promised  to  teach  him  to  paint. 

The  "History  of  China"  and  '"Swift"  sometimes  lend 

When  your  business  or  pleasure  requires  a  friend  ; 

Such  acts,  my  dear  children,  I  very  well  know 

Are  of  much  greater  service  than  making  a  foe. 

Thank  God  !  I've  but  two  that  I  hate  from  my  heart. 

And,  as  ill  luck  would  have  it,  they're  not  far  apart. 

•  In  August  1765,  Ch:iriei<  FaiTi«  is  mentioned  a  <  one  of  many  citizens  to  re- 
sist successfully  the  landing  of  t,iie,odious  stamp  paper. 


;124  "The  Anciext  City.'' 

I've  the  greatest  dislike  ;  God  forgive  me  the  sin  ;* 

But  indeed  there's  no  bearing  that  old  Louis  Dinn, 

There's  another  I  hate  bad  as  Quinu  for  the  fraud 

That  his  heart  is  so  full' of  that  is  Jonathan  Todd.* 

This  sin,  as  I  die,  I  hoj^e  will  be  forgiven  ; 

Or,  else,  I  am  sure,  I  sliall  ne'er  get  to  heaven, 

My  sons,  if  you  heed  me,  beware  of  such  friends  ; 

They'll  destroy  all  you're  worth,  if  they  have  but  the  means. 

To  Nancy,  the  darling  of  me  aiid  my  wife. 

I  give  and  bequeath  the  spinnet  for  life. 

Once  I  thought  she  would  play  with  the  help  of  a  master, 

But,  it  grieves  me  to  say,  she  learned  not  a  bit  faster, 

Harry  Woodcock  I  trusted  to  teach  her  to  play, 

But  I  soon  found  't  was  money  and  time  thrown  away  ; 

So  she  did  what  was  right,  made  me  save  all  my  pelf, 

And  picked  out  a  tune  here  and  there  by  herself. 

All  the  town  knows  that  Harry's  a  very  great  liar 

And  music  from  him  she  should  never  acquire, 

What  a  time  there  has  been  for  his  making  of  money  ; 

Like  a  puppy  he's  missed  it,  like  a  puppy  he's  funny, 

Poor  devil,  sometimes,  in  the  midst  of  a  gloom. 

For  a  dinner  he's  forced  to  play  the  buffoon  ; 

But  I  still  like  old  Woodcock  1  vow  and  declare ; 

As  a  proof  I  shall  leave  him  a  lock  of  my  hair. 

To  Abagail  next ;  my  trunk,  desk,  and  papers. 

That's  therein  contained,  and  a  large  box  of  wafers. 

The  "Spectator"  for  her,  as  she  reads  very  well, 

And  she'll  soon  learn  to  write,  for  now  she  can  spell. 

For  Abb  is  tlie  girl  that  would  take  the  most  learning 

And,  I  flatter  myself,  she's  a  girl  of  discerning. 

A  negress,  named  Sylva,  I  leave  to  my  Nancy, 

For  Sylva  she'd  always  a  very  great  fancy. 

That  woman's  first  child,  about  fifteen  years  old, 

I  give  to  my  Abb  lest  for  debt  she  be  sold. 

Poor  thing  't  was  a  fool  from  its  birth,  I  well  know, 

But  her  mistress  will  teach  her  to  spin,  knit,  and  sew. 

I  leave  to  Sol  Mogg  for  tolling  the  bell, 

My  old  hat  and  pipe  which  he  knows  very  well. 

To  my  nephews  and  nieces  my  blessing  I  give 

And  entreat  they  will  mind  and  learn  how  to  live. 

My  thanks  to  the  public  I  cannot  express  ; 

Their  goodness  to  me  has  been  quite  to  excess. 

My  feelings  are  many  but  words  are  too  few 

To  tell  how  it  pains  me  to  bid  them,  'Adieu.'  " 
Here  we  have  the  man  and  his  time.  "He,  in  his  brown  coat  and 
silver  buttons,  the  back  marked  by  the  quadrant  of  powder,  the  club 
of  his  queue  described  as  it  moved  back  and  forth  with  his  head,  like 
one  of  his  own  pendulums,  so  fullfilliug  the  resemblance  men  grow 
to  their  pursuits.  We  have  a  picture  of  his  house,  his  family  and 
his  friends,  tlie  'Landscape,'  and  the  picture  of  'Judith'  in  the  hall 
with  the  musical  clock  behind  the  door,  the  spinnet  in  the  parlor 

*  Tliese  are  lictitinus  names  but  the  0(  gnoineiis  of  r'-al  neighbors  were  in 
the  original  will.  The  author  of  thi?  historv  does  not  desire  to  tiand  down  A 
private  shmder. 


History  of  Annapolis.  135 

and  the  red  and  white  cow  in  the  stable.  Then  there  was  the  garden 
and  the  shops  with  its  many  tools  and  few  books,  and  its  half  century 
accumulations  ;  prominently  hanging  among  them  all  the  trophies  of 
his  dental  skill,  strung  together  :  for  trades  mingled  in  those  colonial 
days  when  'speciaUties'  were  unknown.  His  three  sons  had  distinct 
individuality,  and  his  daughters  Xancy  and  Abigial  were  notable 
girls.  He  had  a  thrifty  wife  and  his  friend  Harry  Woodcock  was  a 
ne'er-do-well  genius.  He  remembers  Sol  Mogg,  the  sexton,  and  does- 
not  forget  to  put  on  record  his  irrepressible  dislikes.  In  that  brown 
coat  with  its  silver  buttons,  his  corduroy  breeches,  and  silk  stockings, 
'if  the  walking  be  dry,'  silver  shoe  buckles,  cocked  hat,  cane  and 
queue  he  paraded  the  town  on  Sundays,  and  on  the  King's  birthday 
for  a  loyal  subject  of  King  George,  was  he,  the  reproduction  in  the 
Colony  of  a  London  craftsman,  and  a  reader  of  "TAe  Maryland  Ga- 
zette" for  the  latest  news,  only  three  months  old,  from  Europe,  and  in 
that  venerable  journal  this  advertisement  for  a  runaway  servant  or 
apprentice  : 

"Run  away  from  the  subscriber  living  at  Annapolis,  on  the  37th  of 
this  instant  August,  1745,  a  servant  man  man  named  John  Powell, 
alias  Charles  Lucas,  a  Londoner  born,  by  trade  a  clock  and  watch 
maker ;  he  is  a  short,  well  set  fellow,  has  full  goggle  eyes,  and  wears 
a  wig :  He  had  on  when  he  went  away  an  Osnabrigs  shirt,  a  pair  of 
buckskin  breeches,  a  pair  of  short  wide  trousers,  two  pair  of  white 
hose   and  a  well-worn   broad-cloth  coat  with  metal  buttons. 

"Whoever  secures  the  said  runaway  so  that  he  can  be  had  again, 
shall  have  3£  reward,  besides  what  the  law  allows ;  and  if  brought 
home,  reasonable  charges  : — "  but  in  the  next  number  we  find  that 

"Whereas  John  Powell  was  advertised  last  week  in  this  paper  as  a 
runaway  ;  but  being  only  gone  into  the  country  a  cyder-drinking,  and 
being  returned  again  to  his  Master's  Service  ;  these  are  therefore  to 
acquaint  all  gentlemen  and  others,  who  have  any  watches,  or  clocks, 
to  repair,  that  they  may  have  them  done  in  the  best  manner  at  rea- 
sonable rates." 

Between  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago  and  and  today  there  is  no 
greater  change  than  in  the  matter  of  a  gentleman's  dress.  "In  the 
male  sex  a  fear  of  color  and  a  slouchy  negligence  of  attire  charac- 
terize the  nineteenth  century  ;  in  the  eighteenth  the  porte  and  bear- 
ing of  a  man  indicated  his  social  rank  and  a  'gentleman'  was  sujj- 
posed  to  be  accomplished  in  all  knightly  exercises.  The  dress  more- 
over exacted  attention  to  mein  and  bearing,  as  any  lack  of  muscular 
development  was  at  once  apparent  and  exposed  the  imfortunate  weak- 
ling to  ridicule  from  the  fair.  We  of  today  are  disposed  to  measure 
dress  and  manner  by  the  narrow  standard  of  utility  and  to  forget  that 
ofttimes  "manners  make  the  man"  and  that  an  attire  expresses  as 
much  as  words.  Perhaps  the  old-school  exaggerated  the  needs  of 
courtesy  and  deportment,  but,  when  we  consider  what  a  time  and 
trouble  a  full  dress  toilet  must  have  cost  my  gentleman,  may  we  not 
pardon  that  frailty  of  human  nature  w^hich  sought  to  display  his  art 
to  the  best  advantage  ?  To  the  complete  gentleman  dancing  and 
fencing  were  as  indispensable  parts  of  education  then  'as  the  use  of 
the  globes,'  and  a  man's  legs  and  spine  were  objects  of  critical  scru- 
tiny." 

Mr.  Charles  Peale,  probably  the  father  of  our  Xestor  of  American 


120  ''THEANCIENTClTr.'' 

artists,  Charles  Wilson  Peale,  advertises  in  the  JIarylund   Gazette 
1745,  that, 

"At  Kent  County  School,  Chestertown,  Maryland,  young  gentleman 
are  boarded  and  "taught  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongues.  Writing, 
Arithmetic,  Merchants  accounts.  Surveying,  Navigation,  and  the  use 
of  the  Globes  by  the  largest  and  most  accurate  pair  in  America  :  also 
any  other  parts  of  the  Mathematics. — N.  B.  Young  gentlemen  can  be 
instructed  in  Fencing  and  Dancing  by  veiy  good  Masters." 

The  ranks  of  Colonial  society  were  most  sharply  defined  in  those 
days  and  the  physiognomy  and  costumes  at  once  indicated  the  social 
position.  Of  the  dress  and  features  of  the  convict  and  hewers  of 
wood  and  drawers  of  water,  we  have  detailed  desci'iptions  in  the  re- 
wards offered  for  runaway  servants  (both  white  and  lilack.)  and  there- 
from could  reproduce  a  motley  group  of  the  tramps  of  174.'). 

These  white  men  and  women  were  sold  for  a  term  of  years  to  pay 
their  passage  money  from  England  and  seem  to  have  been  an  uncer- 
tain kind  of  property.  Dominick  llogan,  a  runaway  Irish  servant, 
wears  a  brown  great  coat,  a  blue  jacket,  shirt,  and  trousers,  and  "has 
an  Iron  collar  about  his  neck."  A  liighland  Scotch  servant  wears  a 
red  pea-jacket,  a  double  breasted  white  flannel  vest,  white  ribbed 
stockings,  a  cap,  a  white  wig,  and  a  felt  hat.  Another,  "a  white 
Whitney  coat  and  breeches,  a  green  callimanco  jacket  witliout  sleeves, 
white  thread  stockings,  a  fi".e  hat  and  a  large  brown  wig." 

"An  English  convict  servant  woman,  named  Elizabeth  Crowder,  by 
trade  a  quilter,  she  is  upwards  of  fourty  years  of  age  pretty  tall  and 
round  shouldered,  her  hair  very  gray  and  ims  lately  been  cut  off,  but 
it  is  supposed  she  has  got  a  tower  to  wear  instead  of  it.  She  had  on 
when  she  went  away  a  dark  stripped  cotton  and  silk  gown,  a  blue 
quilted  coat,  blue  worsted  stockings,  and  black  shoes  newly  soled. 
She  had  with  her  a  large  V)und]e  with  sundry  things  in  it,  particulaidy, 
a  sprigged  linen  gown,  shifts,  caps,  aprons,  etc. 

"A  convict  servant  man.  imported  in  the  St.  George,  named  Hugh 
Roberts,  is  a  thick,  likely,  full  faced,  middle  sized  fellow  but  stoops  a 
little  ;  had  on  a  short  black  wig,  a  full  trimmed,  open-sleeved,  blue 
cloth  coat,  almost  new  ;  a  full  trimmed  scarlet  waistcoat  \vith  a  double 
row  of  buttons,  red  plush  breeclies.  and  diced  yarn  stockings.  He 
was  born  in  Shropshire,  has  been  used  to  farming  and  malting,  and 
can  write  a  little.  Whoever  takes  him  up  and  returns  him  to  the  ship 
shall  have  four  poimds  reward  and  reasonable  charges  from  Captain 
James  Dobbins. 

"28  July  1747.  A  number  of  rebels  imported  in  tlie  sliip  Johnson, 
into  Oxford,  (Md.)  are  brought  over  liere  and  are  now  upon  sale." 
These  were  Scottish  patriots  who.  having  risked  their  lives  in  the  cause 
of  the  "Young  Pretender"  of  '45,  were  transported  as  their  reward. 
22  March.  1753.  "Just  imported  from  London  in  the  Brigantine  Grove. 
Capt.  Robert  Wilson,  and  to  be  sold  by  the  subscribers,  on  board  the 
said  brigantine  in  West  river,  for  sterling  or  current  money.  A  par- 
cel of  healthy  indented  servants  ;  among  whom  there  are  tradesmen 
and  husbandmen.    Samuel  Galloway." 

Of  the  Ladies,  except  in  their  praise,  the  Gazette  has  little  to  say,  if 
we  except  a  "protest  against  stays,"  wliich  met  with  the  writer's  un- 
.qualified  disapproval,  and  a  "history  of  female  dress"  in  which  says 
the  author,  "my  business  today  is  chiefly  with   the  ladies,  on  whose 


History  of  AxyAPOLis.  127 

dress  I  intend  to  treat  with  the  same  delicacy  and  tenderness  as  I 
shonld  nse  in  my  approach  to  their  pretty  persons." 

A  English  lady's  dress  of  that  day  is  thus  described.  "A  black  silk 
petticoat  with  a  red  and  white  calico  border  ;  cherry  colored  stays. 
trimmed  with  blue  and  silver  ;  a  red  and  dove  colored  gown,  flowered 
with  large  trees  ;  a  yellow  satin  apron,  elaborately  trimmed  ;  a  ransliu 
head-dress  with'  lace  ruffles  ;  a  black  silk  scarf  ;anda  spotted  silk  hood 
or  'capuchin.'  "    • 

"To  judge  by  cotemporary  records  and  portraits  the  fashions  of  the 
colonies  were  no  ways  behind  those  of  "home,"  as  they  persistently 
called  old  England.  In  those  days  fashions  did  not  so  rapidly  vary  as 
nowadays,  and  the  materials  were  substantial,  as  notably  the  damasks 
and  bi'ocades,  that  dresses  of  necessity  became  heirlooms.  We  will 
not  dwell  upon  the  female  costume  of  the  time  as  we  arc  all  more  or 
less  familiar  witli  the  comparatively  gi-aceless  dress  of  that  day,  the 
dress  was  stiff  and  graceless  in  those  days.  The  stiff  and  unnaturally 
elongated  stays,  the  innnense  expanse  of  skirt,  sustained  by  the  hoops, 
the  high  heeled  shoes  and  the  towering  head  gear,  the  short  sleeve 
with  immense  cuffs,  borrowed  from  the  male  dress,  with  the  wealth  of 
lace  falling  over  the  arms.  At  that  period,  when,  iu  the  history  of 
every  style,  it  seems  to  attain  its  perfection,  the  male  dress  was  emi- 
nently graceful,  stately,  and  ample,  and  displayed  the  figure  to  great 
advantage  ;  the  female  fashion  for  a  while  yielded  to  some  harmony 
with  nature  and  the  natural  hair  was  worn  of  becoming  length,  the 
hoops  somewhat  curtailed  and  aprons,  even  in  full  dress,  became  the 
vogue.     This  was  about  1750. 

"Annapolis  had  then  been  the  Capital  of  Maryland  over  fifty  years,  the 
government  having  been  removed  from  St.  Mary's,  the  place  of  the 
orignal  settlement,  in  1694,  thus  supplanting  that  ancient  city  in  the 
honors  and  emoluments  of  official  patronage  and  witli  the  government 
transferring  the  commerce  of  the  colony.  Annapolis  was  now 
the  rallying  point  of  the  cleverness  and  culture  of  such  small  popula- 
tion as  then  existed  in  separate  colonies  or  provinces.  Opulent  men 
built  costly,  elegant  houses  as  their  city  dwellings,  if,  as  was  commonly 
the  case,  they  had  large  i)lantations  or  manors,  where  they  dwelt  at 
other  seasons,  superintending  Maryland's  grand  staple  of  that  time — 
Tobacco.  Tobacco  from  America  became  smoke  in  the  old  world,  but 
brought  back  very  solid  revenue,  together  with  all  the  luxuries  of  life. 
Troops  of  slaves,  docile  as  in  the  Orient,  supplied  service.  Lumbering 
equipages,  or  very  rickety  stage-coaches,  but  generally  suj)erb  Jiorse,s, 
bore  the  colonists  about  the  country.  In  town  they  visited  in  sedan-chairs 
borne  by  lacquers  in  livery.  They  sat  on  carved  chairs,  at  quaint 
tables,  amid  piles  of  ancestral  silverware,  and  drank  puncli  out  of 
vast,  costly  bowls  from  Japan,  or  sipped  Madeira,  half  a  century  old. 
At  Annapolis  they  laid  out  the  best  race  course  in  the  Colonies  and  built 
certainly  the  first  theatre.  Here  the  best  law-learning  of  America 
was  gathered — the  Jennings,  Chalmers,  Rogers,  Stones,  Pacas,  John- 
sons, Dulanys.  Dulany's  opinions  were  sent  for  even  from  London. 
They  built  a  superb  ball  room  which  a  British  traveller  called  'ele- 
gant.' 

"The  clergy  were  commonly  men  of  culture  sent  from  England,  and 
portioned  on  the  province  by  the  proprietary.  Generally  they  were 
men  of  excellent  education  and  manners,  seldom  would  one  of 
&  different  character    be   tolerated    by  the   high-toned    men    who 


128  "TheAncientCity.'' 

composed  the  vestries.  These  clergymen  dkl  not  abandon  their  classic- 
pursuits  when  they  crossed  the  sea,  and  familiarly  wrote  Latin  notes- 
to  their  boon  companions  of  Annapolis,  whose  culture,  in  those  days, 
enabled  them  to  answer  in  the  same  language.  They  were  free  hearty 
livers,  importing  and  relishing  their  old  Madeira  ;  and  it  was  in  An- 
napolis that  soft  crabs,  terrapins,  and  canvass-back  ducks  first  ob- 
tained their  renown  as  the  greatest  delicacies  of  the  world. 

"The  style  of  the  time  was  iu  winter,  to  enjoy  the  capital,  but,  in 
milder  seasons,  to  travel  a  social  round  among  the  great  estates  and 
manors — until  the  principal  families  of  Calvert,  St.  Mary's,  Charles, 
Prince  George's,  and  Anne  Arundel  counties,  and  across  the  Bay,  on 
the  Eastern  Shore,  were  visited.  They  were  bold  riders,  expert  in 
hounds  and  horse  flesh  ;  and  the  daily  fox-chase,  in  season,  was  as 
much  a  duty  to  our  systematic  ancestors  as  it  was  to  go  to  the  parish 
church  with  proper  equipage  and  style  on  Sunday. 

"With  races  every  fall  and  spring  ;  theatres  in  winter  ;  assemblies 
every  fortnight ;  dinners  three  or  four  times  a  week  ;  a  card  party 
whenever  possible  ;  athletic  fox-hunting  ;  private  balls  on  every  festi- 
val ;  wit,  learning,  and  stately  manners,  softened  by  love  of  good  fel- 
lowship, it  is  not  surprising  to  hear  this  character  recorded  of  An- 
napolis in  1775  :  'I  am  persuaded,'  says  a  British  traveller,  'there is 
not  a  town  in  England  of  the  same  size  of  Annapolis  which  can  boast 
of  a  greater  number  of  fashionable  and  handsome  women  ;  and,  were  I 
not  satisfied  to  the  contrary,  I  should  suppose  tliat  the  majority  of  the 
belles  possessed  every  advantage  of  a  long  and  familiar  intercourse 
with  the  manners  and  habits  of  your  great  metropolis.' 

"Between  the  old  colonial  mansions  of  the  Northern  and  Southern 
colonies  a  striking  contradiction  seems  to  exist-while  those  of  New  Eng- 
land were  invariably  wooden  structures  with  little  use  of  either  brick 
or  stone,  in  the  colonies  of  Maryland  and  Virginia  we  find  brick  build- 
ings of  remarkable  solidity  and  considerable  architectural  pretensions, 
well  developed  and  worthy  examples  of  the  style  of  Queen  Anne  and 
the  Georges.  These  interiors  recall  to  us  the  Dutch  taste  of  William 
and  Mary's  day  as  seen  at  Hampton  Court,  and  later  we  trace  the  in- 
fluence of  Sir  Christopher  Wren  and  the  French  architects  of  Louis 
XV  and  XVI.  In  solidity  and  honesty  of  construction  they  shame 
the  insincerity  of  the  builders  of  our  day  and  raock  the  shallowness  of 
our  modern  pretension  in  their  deep  capacious  window  seats  and  noble 
hearthstones — which  measure  the  thickness  of  the  walls.  To  climb  to- 
the  attic  and  study  the  joinery  of  the  roof  would  delight  the  heart  of 
a  true  artisan.  A  stairway  is  sometimes  concealed  in  these  thick 
walls  and  suggests  secret  chambers  behind  the  panelled  wainscoating. 
The  stairways,  ascending  from  halls  that  greet  you  with  spacious  wel- 
come, glide  rather  than  climb  to  the  floor  above  where  a  large  upper 
hall  or  ball-room  is  often  found.  The  walls  are  always  panelled  in 
wood  or  stucco  and  the  carvings  which  frames  the  high  chimney  pieces 
and  relieves  the  shutters  and  doors  are  evidently  old-country  work  of 
the  school  of  Grindling  Gibbons,  and  the  decorators  of  Hampton 
Court.  The  cornices  both  exterior  and  interior  are  •  borrowed  from 
Italian  designs.  A  noble  hospitality  is  expressed  in  the  great  mansions 
of  this  time — and  a  similar  arrangement  was  adopted  by  most  builders 
to  insure  this  end.  The  central  or  main  building  lodged  the  family 
and  guests  and  two  wings  or  out-buildings,  connected  by  corridors. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  129 

served  for  kitchen,  offices,  and  servants'  quarter*:.  The  strange  ab- 
sence of  verandah  and  porches  in  our  climate  can  only  be  explained 
by  the  Englishman's  tenacity  to  English  custom  and  refusal  to 
acknowledge  that  the  sun  was  other  than  tlie  sun  of  England.  With 
<Hir  independence  we  began  to  develope  a  style  in  accordance  with  our 
climate  and  copied  from  Italy  the  piazza,  portico,  and  verandah.  In 
the  less  imposing  houses,  the  homes  of  the  people,  the  "hipped-roof" 
was  almost  universal,  in  our  day  revived  as  the  Mansard  or  French 
roof.  There  is  a  look  of  cosy  comfort  in  these  old  homes  of  the 
burghers,  arranged  very  compactly  and  worthy  of  imitation,  even  if 
the  ceilings  be  low  and  the  chimneys  quaintly  placed  in  the  corner  of 
the  room  or  windows  opened  with  charming  disregard  of  conventional 
symmetry.  And  can  we  forget  those  burnished  iDrass  knockers,  the 
housewife's  pride,  so  eminently  respectable  in  their  size  and  rich 
curvature,  in  their  varied  device  and  expression  ;  nor  the  6  by  4  panes 
in  the  broad  sashes,  the  doi  mer  windows  with  their  heavy  cornices^ 
the  noble  stacks  of  chimneys  ;  memorial  pyramids  of  generous  life, — 
and  the  gardens  that  environed  all  ? 

"An  old  fashioned  Queen  Anne's  garden  would  now  be  rather  a  prim: 
affair  with  so  much  box-edging  and  the  walks  so  straight  and  Dutch- 
like, but  the  old  fashioned  flowers  would  redeem  it.  There  you  would.. 
find  plenty  of  lilacs  and  snow-balls,  then  known  as  the  golden-rose^ 
privet  and  holly  in  the  hedges  and  borders.  Larkspurs,  wallflowers,, 
hollyhocks,  i)eriwinkles,  snaj)dragons,  candytufts  and  daffodils  would 
abound.  A  damp,  shady  corner  would  be  given  to  a  bed  of  the  lily  of 
the  valley,  and  ten  to  one,  but  you  would  find  a  bed  of  chamomile 
growing  hard  by  a  bed  of  lavender  or  sweet  basil.  Of  course  there 
would  be  balsam,  (only  called  'lady's  slipper')  and  rocket  under  the 
name  of  'dame's  violet,' pansies  known  as  ladies' delight  or  'hearts' 
ease,'  pasque  flower  and  cowslip,  and  meadow-sweet,  and  groundsel^ 
and  feverfew,  and  milfoil,  yarrow,  thrift,  spurge,  Icose-strife,  honesty, 
Adam  and  Eve,  drop-wort,  dittany,  daises,  jonquils,  monk's  hood, 
innocence,  wind  flower  and  moss  pink  and  the  Joseph's  lily  and  la- 
burnum blooming  in  the  most  lilieral  and  splendid  way. 

"Fancy  the  delightful  irregularity  of  the  quaint  roofs  and  chimneys 
outlined  against  the  warm  blue  sky ;  the  sparkling  leaves  and  soft 
glow  of  the  flower  beds,  and  listen,  while  you  rest  in  the  shady  arbor, 
to  the  cooing  of  the  i5is:eons,  the  whirr  and  twitter  of  the  swallows 
and  martins,  and  the  defiant  crow  of  chanticleers,  heedless  of  the 
moving  shadow  of  the  sun-dial  on  the  chimney  side. 

"In  the  streets  you  find  no  pavements,  they  are  still  country  roads 
edged  with  green  grass,  and  the  rights  of  foot  passengers  maintained 
by  rows  of  posts.  Here  and  there  a  more  enterprising  citizen  may 
have  laid  bricks  and  a  curb-stone.  Bookishness  had  not  then  blunted 
the  intelligence  of  vision,  and  the  mind  was  still  addressed  by  direct 
appeals  to  the  perceptive  sense  in  the  shape  of  signs  of  every  descrip- 
tion of  imitative  art.  The  dangling  key,  the  pendant  awl,  the  golden 
pestle  and  mortar,  the  hammer  wielded  by  a  swarthy  arm  ;  the  sym- 
bols of  good  cheer,  as  the  'heart  in  hand,'  or  maybe  cheap  boarding 
expressed  by  the  'spider  and  the  fly.'  A  jubilant  negro,  a  jolly  tar, 
or  a  taciturn  Indian,  the  master  work  of  the  ship  carver,  guarded  the' 
tobacconist's  door  and  'the  thistle,'  and  'the  shi^i'  'near  the  city 
gate,' invited  the  sailor  as  did  the  sign  of  the  'top-sail-sheet-block'' 
9 


130  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

near  the  market.  The  'three  blue-balls,' a  rival  of  'the  Duke  of 
Cumberland' and  'the  Indian  Kh-ig,'  was  a  tavern  of  Church  street, 
and  there  must  have  been  a 'golden  horse,'  a  'l)lack  bear,'  and  a 
'white  swan,'  to  creak  in  concert  of  a  stormy  night.  The  'Annapo- 
lis co/ffp-/(o«w'  was  the  resort  of  the  gentry.  From  the  'Gazette' 
we  read  that,  'what  a  grievous  thing  the  law  is  shown  by  a  sign  that 
once  hung  in  the  rolls  of  liberty  in  London  ;  on  one  side  a  man  all  in 
rags  wringing  his  hands  with  a  label  importing  that  ho  had  lost  /tif< 
suit,  and  on  the  other  a  man  that  had  not  a  rag  left,  but  stark  naked, 
capering  and  triumjihing  that  he  had  gahicd  it  in  crm-si',  a  fine  emblem 
of  going  to  law  and  the  infatuating  madness  of  a  litigious  spirit.' 

"Slany  of  these  signs  indicated  the  amphibious  character  of  the  popu- 
lation of  Annapolis,  and  were  evidently  inspired  by  nautical  associa- 
tions complimentary  to  the  sea-faring  strangers  who  frequented  the 
port,  for  the  'ancient  city,'  had  its  custom  house  ;  a  stately  brick, 
yet  standing,  but  n(;  longer  the  receipt  of  his  majesty's  customs.  The 
Maryland  fleet  under  convoy  of  British  men-of-war  and  themselves, 
for  the  most  part,  well-armud  gathered  here  as  their  port  of  destina- 
tion, and  many  is  the  tale  related  by  our  old  journal  of  their  combats 
with  tlie  Frencli  men-of-war  and  privateers,  a  ijrolific  nursery  of 
sailors'  yarns,  told  in  sea  phrase,  and  recording  British  pluck  and 
contempt  of  the  Frenchman. 

"The  two  fair  days  of  the  annual  fairs  were  the  gala  days  of  the  peo- 
ple, as  the  high  days  and  hollidays  of  the  gentry  were  the  birth-days 
of  Prince  and  Proprietary.  May-day,  Whitsuntide,  Michaelmas 
and  Christmas,  Militia  trainings,  and  muster-days  also  liroke  the 
monotony  of  daily  duty.  At  the  'ffairs'  horse-races  were  included 
as  a  principal  attraction  and  in  one  advertised  for  'Baltimore- 
town,'  a  bounty  was  off  erred  of  forty  shillings  to  any  person  that  pro- 
duces 'the  best  piece  of  yard-wide  country-made  white  linnen,  the 
piece  to  contain  twenty  yards.  On  Saturday,  the  third  day,  a  hat  and 
ribbon  will  be  cudgelled  for  ;  a  {)air  of  pumps  wrestled  for  ;  and  a 
white  shift  to  be  run  for  by  two  negro  girls.'  " 

A  triplet  of  advertisements  further  illustrate  the  times  : 
"John  Wallis,  chimney-sweeper,  who  served  his  time  to  John  Kent, 
Esq.,  his  most  excellent  majesty.  King  George  the  second,  his  chim- 
ney-sweeper in  London  ;  and  understands  that  curious  and  difficult 
btisiness  as  well  as  any  man,  lives  near  the  gate  in  xVnnapolis  and  will 
sweep  chinnieys  in  the  best  and  cleanest  manner.  *     Any  gentle- 

men, or  others,  who  shall  be  pleased  to  em])loy  him  may  depend  on 
being  served  with  fidelity,  care,  and  dispatch  by  their  humble 
servant. 

'Richard  Wagstaffe,  Peruke  and  Lady's  tate-maker,  and  hair-cutter, 
will  soon  settle  in  Annapolis  and  follow  the  said  business,  and  will  sell 
his  goods  at  reasonable  rates.  He  also  intends  to  teach  reading, 
writing,  and  accounts ;  and  will  take  in  youth  to  l)oard  and  educate  at 
twenty-three  pounds  per  year.  N.  B.  He  has  a  few  [)erukes  ready 
made  which  he  will  dispose  of  very  cheap,  such  as  Raniillies.  Albemarles, 
and  Bobs,  &c. 

"John  Lammond,  musician,  at  the  house  of  John  Lansdale,  shoe- 
maker, hereby  gives  notice  ;  that  if  any  gentlemen  should  want  music 
to  their  l)alls  or  merry-makings,  upon  appUcation  made,  they  shall  be 
diligently  waited  on  by  their  humble  servant.    The  said  Lammond, 


II I  s  T  c)  R  Y  0  1.'  Annapolis.  131 

'having  a  good  able  horse,  will  undertake  journeys  to  any  part  of  the 
province,  with  the  utmost  expedition,  and  fidelity,  to  tlie  full  satis- 
faction of  any  gentlemen  who  are  pleased  to  employ  him. 

"The  duties  of  a  servant  are  shown  by  one  who  offers  himself  'to  wait 
.at  table,  curry  horses,  clean  knives,  boots  and  shoes,  lay  a  table, 
shave  and  dress  wigs,  carry  a  lantliorn,  and  talk  French  ;  is  as  honest 
as  the  times  will  admit  and  as  sober  as  can  be.'  AVe  can  fancy  this 
man-of-all-work  conducting  his  master  home  from  some  convivial 
meeting,  the  lauthorn  swaying  to  and  fro  as  the  faithful  domestic  ad- 
justs the  old  gentleman's  wig  and  cocked  hat  and  guides  his  meander- 
ing footsteps  thro'  the  uupaved  and  unliglited  streets  of  the  provin- 
cial capital." 

The  club,  invention  of  modern  days  to  avoid  the  rigin-  of  prohibi- 
tion, was  no  new  tiling  in  Annapolis.  It  was  for  quite  a  different  pur- 
pose, yet  being  tocial,  after  the  maimer  of  the  people  of  those  days,  it 
emliraced  a  large  amount  of  drinking. 

The  South  Jiiver  Club,  near  Annapolis,  survived  almost  to  the 
present  day,  and  of  the  Tuesday  Club,  of  Annapolis,  it  has  been  said 
"if  its  records  have  been  accurately  kept,  at  least  deserves  so  to  have 
survived.  The  latter  was  an" assemblage  of  wits,  who  satirized  every- 
one, and  did  it  successfully." 

Some  of  their  squibs  and  portraitures  even  now  pass  current,  and 
the  incomplete  memorial  of  their  transactions  is  among  tlie  most 
interesting  originals  preserved  in  the  Maryland  Historical  Society. 

When  it  is  read  what  were  the  proceedings  of  the  Tues- 
day Club,  opinions  will  differ  as  to  its  right  of  survival.  The  sameau- 
'thor*  in  a  foot-note  on  the  same  page  says : 

"The  Homony  Club,  founded  later,  was  more  or  less  political  in  its 
memliership,  and  purposes,  but  the  Tuesday,  the  Independent,  Thurs- 
day, and  most  of  the  other  clubs,  were  exclusively  social,  and,  as  the 
ladies,  who  were  generally  excluded  from  tiieir  sessions,  comj)lained, 
were  usually  organizations  of  men  to  encourage  steady  smoking  and 
hard  drinking.  The  records  of  the  Tuesday  Club,  which  extend  over 
the  s[Kice  of  ten  years,  are  that  of  a  society  of  tlie  most  distinguished 
and  influential  men  of  the  ancient  capital,  graduates  of  the  British 
Universities,  and  wits  of  the  first  order.  They  kept 'high  jinks,' 
after  the  manner  of  that  society  to  which  Guy  Mannering  was  intro- 
duced in  his  pursuit  of  Lawyer  Pleydell ;  but  their  records,  most  faith- 
fully and  elaborately  kept,  abound  witli  example  of  steadfast  pursuit 
of  wit  and  foes.  The  club  met  at  the  houses  of  members  in  regular 
alternation,  and  each  meml)er  was  bound  to  provide  his  own  sand-box 
as  a  spittoon,  in  order  to  save  the  carpet.  Offensive  topics  of  conver- 
sation were  dealt  with  by  the  'gelastic'  method  and  laughed  off  the 
floor.  At  suppers,  it  was  ordered  that  the  first  toast  should  always 
be  'the  ladies  ;'  after  that,  'The  King's  Majesty  ;'  and  after  that,  'the 
'deluge.'  There  was  much  singing,  some  of  it  probably  very  good  : 
.and  Parson  Bacon,  the  learned  and  venerable  compiler  of  the  laws  of 
Maryland,  *  *  *  *  was  elected  to  honorary  membershiji,  on  account 
of  his  accomplishments  as  a  fiddler,  thus  becoming,  as  it  were,  thf 
Friar  Tuck,  of  this  jovial  society,  the  mottoes  of  which  were — 'libertas 
pj,  natale  sohwi,'  and  "co/icordia  res parvae  crescunt.'  It  is  to  be  re- 
:gretted  that  we  are  forced  to  add  that  there  was  a  great  deal  of  dog- 
*  neharf'i)  Ilit^tory  of  Maryland. 


132  ''The  Ancient   City." 

gerel  in   the  club's  poetiy,  and  of  indelicacy  in  its  conumdrums  and' 
jokes.     The  age  was  coarse  and  the  club  accurately  reflected  it." 

The  only  permanent  club  left  is  the  Arundel.  It  is  of  recent  date, 
having  been  organized  in  1883.  It  admits  none  but  males  to  its  mem- 
bership and  festivities.  Its  diversions  are  suppers,  billiards,  cards, 
current  literature,  social  converse  and  potations  at  the  will  of  the  in- 
dividual member,  as  it  is  a  rule  of  the  club  that  no  one  shall  be  invited 
to  drink.  There  seems  to  be  an  exception  to  this  in  favor  of  visiting 
strangers. 

To  return  to  the  Tuesday  Club,  let  the  records  of  its  Secretary  tell 
of  its  witty  sallies  and  bacchanalian  pleasures. 

The  history  of  the  Tuesday  Club,  preserved  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Maryland  Historical  Society,  Baltimore,  is  dedicated  "To  the  venerable 
the  Chancellor  of  the  ancient  and  honorable  Tuesday  Club  and  his 
successors  in  that  honorable  office,"  and  dated  from  the  author's 
study  September  9th,  1754,  and  in  quaint  style  acknowledges  all  de<ii- 
cations  to  be  "at  best  Init  paltry  stuff,"  in  which  truth  is  warped 
"either  by  the  power  of  flattery  or  by  the  pestilent 'inclination  to 
party,  or  pussillanimous  fear  of  the  anger  and  resentment  of  men  in 
power." 

The  first  volume  contains  the  first  decade  of  the  transactions  of  that 
society  comprehended  in  239  sederunts,  viz  :  from  May  1745,  to  May 
1755,  inclusive,  with  the  heads  of  the  honorable  the  President,  and 
the  principal  officers  and  members,  and  also  figures  of  the  most 
material  transactions  of  the  club — with  an  aj)pendix  of  the  club  music 
composed  by  Signor  Lardini,  the  most  favourite  songs  used  in  clubs, 
etc.  The  laws  provide  that  the  club  shall  meet  weekly  at  each  other's 
dwellings  by  turns,  every  Tuesday,  throughout  the  year,  that  the 
member  appointed  to  serve  as  steward  shall  provide  a  "gammon  of 
bacon,"  or  any  one  other  dish  of  vittle.s  and  no  more.  That  no  fresh 
liquor  shall  be  made,  prepared  or  produced  after  eleven  o'clock  at 
night  and  every  member  to  be  at  liberty  to  retire  at  jileasure. 
Here  comes 

The  Club  in  Session. 
"Long  live  the  Tuesday  Club,  so  wisely  framed 
That  "mongst  all  those  great  Addison  has  named, 
Not  one  so  great — long  may  the  members  stand 
And  still  maintain  their  badge  of  hand  in  hand." 
"It  is  established  as  a  rule  of  the  society,"  "That  immediately  after 
supper  the  ladies  shall  be  toasted,  before  any  otier  toasts  or  healths 
go  round.     It  is  consented  to — that  such  as  are  bachellor  members  of 
this  society  may  be  permitted  to  have  a  cheese  instead  of  dressed 
Tittles. 

"Sederunt.  June  18th,  1745.  This  night  the  great  cheese  or  Ixachel- 
lor's  was  produced  upon  a  side  board.  Passed  into  a  law,  That  if  any 
subject  of  what  nature  soever  be  discussed  which  levels  at  party  mat- 
ters, or  the  administration  of  the  Government  of  this  Province,  or  1)6 
disagreeable  to  the  club,  no  answer  shall  be  given  thereto,  but  after 
such  discourse  is  ended,  the  society  shall  laugh  at  the  member  offend- 
ing in  order  to  divert  the  discourse." 

"June  25th.  the  (/elastic  law  was  this  night  put  in  execution  against 
Mr.  Secretary  Marshe,  who  got  into  a  prolix  harangue  about  the  con- 


History  OF  Annapolis.  133 

sciences  of  lawyers.  Ordered,  thtat  Mr.  Secretary  Marshe  entertain 
this  society  upon  Tuesday,  the  2nd  of  July  next  ensuing." 

July  25, 1745,  "Resolved,  That  cheese  is  not  any  raoi-etobe  deemed 
a  dish  of  vittles.  Therefore  the  use  of  it  as  such  in  the  club  is  forbid." 
'  'July  23d.  This  night  the  society  l^efore  breaking  up  was  entertained  by 
Mr.  Charles  Cole,  steward,  with  a  large  bowl  of  rack-punch,  and  a 
.catch  song,  "The  Great  Bell  of  Lincoln." 

As  the  society  developed,  the  insignia  of  office  and  various 
adjuncts  of  ceremony  were  adopted,  badges  of  silver,  double  gilt,  and 
,engraved  with  the  device  and  mottoes  of  the  society  were  procured 
from  London. 

Here  are  some  of  the  club's  orders : 

"There  shall  be  a  ball  held  at  the  Stadt-house  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  the  ladies  at  the  common  expense  of  the  club,  etc."  The 
terra  "Stadt-house,"  points  to  the  Dutch  reign  of  William  and  Mary, 
and  is  still  termed  the  "State  House." 

"Ordered,  That  Wm.  Thornton,  Esq.,  frame  a  discourse  to  the 
society  next  meeting,  upon  that  trite  text  "Omnia  Vincit  Amor." 
Next  meeting  or  sederunt,  Mr.  William  Thornton  delivered  a  dis- 
course to  the  society  upon  the  subject  proposed  last  meeting,  which 
met  with  the  approbation  of  the  society,  and  was  so  well  liked,  that  he 
was  desired  to  deliver  it  a  second  time,  which  he  very  complacently 
did  with  a  singular  good  grace. 

"Ordered,  That  the  Rev.  Mr.  John  Gordon  prepare  a  discourse  to  be 

■  delivered  to  the  society  at  next  meeting  the  subject,  Ad  libitum— other 
"orders"  follow  on  such  subjects  as 

"Government,"  "chearfullness,"  "charity,"  "clubs,"  or  "pru- 
dence,"— "wisdom." 

The  entry  is  made  that  Wm.  Thornton,  Esq.,  on  account  of  his  un- 
common talent  in  singing,  was  by  unanimous  consent  of  the  club  ap- 
pointed proto-musicus  or  chief  musician,  and  it  is  ordained  that  as 
.often  as  he  votes  in  club  he  is  to  sing  his  vote  in  a  musical  manner,  else 
it  is  to  go  for  nothing. 

"The  secretary  delivered  a  speech  the  purport  of  which  was  an  ac- 
.cusation  of  Mr.  Speaker  Dorsey,  of  negligence  in  oiEce,  as  not  dis- 
playing his  talents  in  oratory  to  the  club,  on  such  occasions  as  de- 
manded his  elocution,  but  the  club  let  him  go  ^vithout  censure.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Gordon  congratulated  the  Secretary  upon  the  late  event  of 
,his  marriage,  which  speech  the  club  approved  of,  etc.  Then  our 
.Speaker  Dorsey,  rising  with  that  gravity  and  action  which  is  his  pecu- 
liar talent  on  all  such  occasions  discoursed,  but  little  upon  that  sub- 
ject, delivering  chiefly  an  encomium  upon  Mr.  Gordon's  discourse,  in 
a  nervous  and  elegant  style  which  is  natural  to  that  gentleman  upon 
all  occasions.  "June  23rd,  1747.  The  chief  musician  was  accused  by 
the  Secretary  of  negligence  in  his  office,  which  accusation  was  slurred 
.over  by  the  President  and  club  on  account  of  that  gentleman's  good 
performances  at  other  times.  As  acknowledgement  of  the  favour,  he 
entertained  the  club  with  two  excellent  new  songs,  the  one  solus  and 
(the  other  in  concerto  with  another  voice,  after  which  he  had  the 
privilege  conferred  on  him  of  commanding  any  member  of  the  club  to 

■  sing  after  having  first  sung  himself." 

Here  is : 

"The  humble  petition  and  remonstrance  of  sundry  of  the  single 
iferaales  of  Annapolis,  showeth, 


134  "The  Ancient  City." 

"That,  whereas,  it  has  been  observed  by  sundry  persons  as  well  as 
your  petitioners,  that  a  singular  and  surprising  success  has  all  along 
attended  such  happy  females  as  your  honor  has  been  pleased  to  j)itch 
upon  as  the  toasts  of  the  honorable  chair,  every  one  of  whom  in  a 
short  time  after  having  been  adopted  by  your  honor  has  successfully 
and  happily  lieen  provided  with  a  much  more  eligible  state,  your  peti- 
tioners, therefore,  earnestly  pray,  that  your  honor  instead  of  con- 
ferring your  favors  in  so  partial  a  manner,  woidd,  in  comniisseration  of 
our  desperate  situation,  include  us  all  in  the  circle  of  favor  that  the 
V)enign  influence  of  your  honors'  maritiferous  notice  may  henceforth 
equally  shine  upon  us  all.  *         *         *         ®         ■■■         '■■         * 

"T(^  the  honorable  Charles  Cole,  Esq..  President  of  the  most  worship- 
ful and  ancient  Tuesday  Club." 

"The  honorable  president  was  pleased  to  declare  that  he  would  grant 
this  petition  as  far  as  lay  in  his  power." 

Tlic;  anniversaries  were  occasions  of  great  ceremonj'.  The  members 
wearing  their  badges  proceeded  to  the  house  of  the  President.  "As 
they  marched  along  in  a  solemn  and  statelj- maimer  they  were  honored 
by  a  great  many  spectators  of  all  sorts  and  ranks,  and  when  they  came 
witliin  twenty  paces  of  the  honorable  the  president's  gate,  his  honor 
made  his  ap])earance  and  did  each  member  the  honor  of  a  salute  by 
'inanuquds.sdfioii,  upon  which  they  halted  a  little,  and  .Jonas  Green, 
Esq.,  holding  up  the  anniversary  ode  in  his  right  hand,  waved  it 
around  his  head  in  a  very  graceful  manner  by  way  of  salutation  to  his 
honor,  who  made  several  low  bows  which  were  respectfully  returned 
by  the  master  of  ceremonies.  Sir  . John,  and  the  Chancellor.  Then  his 
honor  taking  his  place  between  the  two  latter,  the  procession  marched 
into  his  honor's  court-yard,  the  way  being  all  strewed  with  flowers 
and  the  ensign  or  flag  displayed  as  usual.  After  some  time  sitting  in 
the  court-yard  the  members  assembled  in  his  honor's  great  saloon.  As 
his  honor  went  to  take  the  chair  with  a  grand  i)as,  a  martial  time  was 
])layed  by  the  chief  musicion  or  proto-musicus.  and  he  took  the  chair 
with  a  plaudite." 

The  Secretary  in  his  speech  reflects  the  sentiment  of  the  club. 
"This  is  not  a  time  to  speak  much,  but  to  act  well — that  our  discourse 
and  conversation  be  regular,  orderly,  free,  liumorous.  and  jocose, 
without  reflexion,  without  passi'^n,  without  reserve,  without  clamor, 
without  noise, — let  our  songs  be  in  tune,  our  puns  and  repartees 
apropos,  and  not  too  poignant  or  satirical,  our  toasts  loyal  and 
amorous,  our  stomachs  keen  to  relish  our  fare  and  our  punch-bowls 
always  replete  with  nectarious  liquor,  for  this  cordial  juice  taken  with 
temperance  and  moderation  heightens  the  spirit,  enlivens  the  wit.  and 
will  conduce  not  only  to  make  me  a  more  fluent  orator,  but,  more  jolly 
and  benevolent,  long-standing  members. 
"Whene'er  we  meet 
With  Ijowl  replete 

The  loyal  healths  go  round 
And  in  each  toast 
We  all  can  boast 

Wine  honest,  hearty,  soimd!" — 

After  the  supjier  of  which  the  "outward  decoration  and  ajijiaratus 
was  as  elegant  and  harmonious  as  the  inward  rhetoric  and  eloquence 
of  the  club  was  uncommon,"  several  loyal  healths  were  drank,  as,  liis 


History  OF   Annapolis.  135. 

majesty  Kinfr  George  the  Second  ;  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales;- 
the  DuKe.  (of  Cumberland)  ;  snceess  to  his  majesty's  arms  :  a  speedy 
and  honoral)le  peace  :  prospei-ity  to  the  province  of  Maryland,  etc. 
Then  they  drank  to  the  memory  of  the  "South  Sea  Company,"  and 
sang  "The  Great  Bell  of  Lincoln,"  and  that  favorite  song,  "the  ITun- 
dords  of  Drury." 

"A  speech  of  a  memltcr  being  thought  unseasonable,  assuming,  and 
unpolite,  had  the  ai'/asfir  law  i)ut  in  force  against  him  tlie  whole 
company  being  seized  with  a  most  vociferous  and  roaring  laugh  in 
which  the  cnlpi-it  himself,  joined  with  most  prodigious  force  of  lungs 
— But  he  thinking  to  take  the  president  upon  his  weak  or  blind  side, 
knowing  his  enthusiastic  fondness  for  old  England,  and  everything 
appertaining  to  that  happy  country,  he  asked  his  honor  to  favour  hira 
at  least,  for  country's  sake  ;  that  he  was  his  countryman  and  the  only 
Englishman  now  in  club,  besides  himself  and  his  honor's  attorney,  the 
rest  of  the  members  being  either  country-boi-n  or  Scotsmen.  To  this 
his  honor  made  reply  'that  he  set  no  value  upon  that  and  tliat  he 
always  judged  of  a  man  Ijy  his  behaviour  and  not  by  his  country.' 
This  was  an  excellent  sentiment  and  came  from  his  honor  unawares, 
he  not  being  given  to  speak  philosopically  or  justly  when  old  England 
was  introduced  into  conversation  which  evinces  that  ev^en  resentment 
at  times  may  make  a  man  utter  philosophical  truths." 

On  issuing  commissions  to  new  members  .January  30,  1749,  "it  is 
thought  fit  to  affix  seals  of  black  wax.  upon  the  occasion  of  the  day 
being  the  martyrdom  of  that  blessed  Saint  Charles  I." 

"The  master  of  ceremonies,  Mr.  Jonas  Green,  and  the  Secretary  are 
ordered  to  prepare  eacliof  them  a  conundrum,  to  be  proposed  in  club 
immediately  after  all  the  toasts  are  drank — and  in  case  tlie  club  should 
solve  or  answer  them  the  above  officers  are  expected  to  drink  a 
bumper  each  to  the  prosperity  of  the  club,  in  the  opposite  case  the 
gentlemen  are  declared  victors.  The  conundrums  are  ordered  to  be 
recorded." 

"To  drowsy  man  pray  how  can  you  compare 
A  garment  that  is  worn  till  quite  thread-bare. 

The  answer's  easy  for  we  all  must  grant 
That  both  and  each  of  them  a  )iap  does  want. 

Two  minutes  only  V)y  the  watch  was  given  to  answer — 
Why  is  a  dancing  master  like  a  shady  tree  ? 

Because  he  is  full  of  Ooics — houghs. 

Why  is  a  wizard  like  an  Ethiopian  ? 

Because  he  is  a  necromancer — negroe  man,  sir. 

A  client  who  has  lost  his  cause  is  like  a  winter  stocking,  be- 
cause he  is  worsted. 

A  pump  in  a  well  is  like  a  firelock,  because  it  depends  upon 
springs. 

An  almanac  is  like  a  butcher,  because  he  deals  in  wethers. 


136  "  T  H  E    A  N  C  1  E  N  T    C  1  T  Y  .  " 

Dried  apples  are  like  married  people,  because  they  are  paired. 

A  scandalous  storv  is  like  a  church  bell,  because  it  is  often  told- 
toll-ed. 

The  city  of  Westminster  is  like  a  school-boy's  horn-book,  be- 
cause it  has  an  Abbacy — A.  B.  C." 

A  motion  Ijeing  made  to  exclude  the  use  of  long  pipes  in  the  club, 
excepting  the  president's,  the  same  was  not  assented  to. 

Mr.  Jonas  Green,  the  pi'inter  of  the  3Iaryland  Gazette,  in  acknowl- 
edging the  honor  of  admission  to  the  club  says  : 

"May  good  fellowship  dispell  every  cloud  that  may  threaten  us  ex- 
cepting only  that  of  tobaccco,  the  dear  specific  condeiisator  of  politi- 
cal  conceptions.^^ 

Although  the  circumspect  and  dignified  Maryland  publisher  ad- 
vanced to  high  position  in  the  club  and  "his  titles  were  expressed  in 
the  manner  of  the  ancient  Romans  by  five  capital  p's,  P.  P.  P.  P.  P. 
important  sundry  officers  of  trust  and  dignity,  viz.  poet,  printer, 
punster,  purveyor,  and  punchmaker,  he  did  not  escape  indictment 
duly  preferred  in  law-latin  and  a  formal  trial  and  conviction.  "After 
reading  the  sentence  during  which  Jonas  Green,  Esq.,  stood  up.  His 
lordship  knocked  upon  the  table  with  a  little  mallet  after  the  manner 
of  Sir  Hugh  McCarty,  Esq.,  Lord  President  of  the  Monday  Club,  of 
New  York,  and  this  signal  being  given  the  Sergeant  at  Arms  imme- 
diately took  Jonas  Green.  Esq.,  into  custody  and  he  was  confined  for 
a  full  half  hour,  a  languishing  prisoner  in  a  remote  corner  of  the 
room,  being  deprived  of  all  comfort  and  assistance  from  the  spark- 
ling and  enlivening  board,  a  woeful  and  lamentable  spectacle  and  a 
warning  to  all  loyal  members  to  be  upon  their  good  behavior." 

What  pleasure  there  could  be  in  all  this  except  only  that  of  eating 
and  drinking  ! 

"After  all  impediments  are  removed  and  the  club  forms  itself  again 
around  the  great  table  to  smoke  and  drink  how  dull  and  sleepy  are 
the  members,  how  fiat  their  conversation,  what  yawning,  what  gap- 
ing, what  nodding,  what  sleeping,  what  snoring  !  How  much  better 
to  have  spent  the  time  in  witty  conversation,  such  as  punning,  fram- 
ing of  quaint  conumdrums,  cracking  sly  jokes,  telling  comical  stories, 
.singing  old  catches  or  composing  quaint  rhymes  ;  but  alas  !  all  this  is 
only  preaching  to  the  wind,  and  beating  the  air  in  vain  for  one  may 
preach  to  eternity  and  never  reform  the  manners  of  cluljs. 

"These  quaint  and  lively  volumes  are  embellished  with  rude  draw- 
ings, not  without  merit  in  their  sense  of  character,  representing  the 
most  humorous  and  important  events  in  the  club's  history,  its  anni- 
versaries, its  frolics,  and  its  disputes.  There  is  a  series  of  portraits  of 
the  members  in  which  the  likenesses  are  evidently,  in  the  words  of  a 
certain  limner,  'strong  as  pisen.'  " 

Before  the  Revolution  the  people  of  Annapolis  were  intensely  loyal 
and  preeminently  convivial.  The  slightest  pretext  sufficed  for  an  ex- 
hibition of  the  one  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  other, 

Wednesday,  the  23rd  of  April,  1746,  being  the  festival  of  St.  George, 
was  observed  "by  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  English  birth,  descent, 
and  principle,  in  an  elegant  manner.  The  same  day  the  exit  of  the 
rebellion   (lately  occurred  in  England,)  was  celebrated  by  firing  of 


History  of  Annapolis.  137 

guns,  drinking  loyal  healths,  and  other  deii.onstrations  of  joy.  There 
was  a  ball  in  the  evening,  the  whole  city  was  illnminated,  and  a  great 
quantity  of  punch  given  amongst  the  populace  at  the  bonfire,  on  this 
occasion." 

It  A-as  again  on  Octolier  80th,  1746,  when  this  patriotic  conviviality 
was  exhibited,  which  the  "■Gazde"  announced  "as  being  the' 
anniversery  of  the  birth  of  his  most  sacred  Majesty,  our  only  rightful 
sovereign,  King  George  the  second,  (who  God  long  preserve,)  when 
his  majesty  completed  his  68rd  (a  grand  elimaterical)  year,  the  same 
was  observed  here  (Annapolis)  with  firing  of  cannon,  drinking  loyal 
healths,  «S:c.  &c." 

The  domestic  circle,  as  now,  furnished  the  local  column  with  items. 
Only  then  tie  stately  courtesy  of  sentiment  and  expression  united  to 
smooth  down  the  indelicacy  that  has  invaded  the  reports  of  modern 
journalism.  On  December  23rd,  1740,  the  editor  of  the  "■Gazettft" 
announced  :  "At  the  dawn  of  the  31st  instant,  the  wife  of  the 
printer  of  this  paper,  to  the  great  joy  of  her  husband,  was  safely  de- 
livered of  a  son  ;  who  is  to  have  the  honor  of  being  named  after  that 
great  general,  his  royal  highness  Duke  William." 

The  arrival  of  dignitaries  in  the  city  was  made  the  occasion  of 
public  and  private  courtesies  and  patriotic  demonstrations.  The  faith- 
ful publisher  of  the  capital,  says  in  March  1747  : 

"On  Tuesday  last,  arrived  withhi  our  Capes  his  Majesty's  Ship, 
the  Foulkstone,  Capt.  Greger,  with  Samuel  Ogle,  Esq.,  and  Lady,  on 
board,  who,  some  short  time  after,  disembarked,  and  went  on  board 
the  Neptune,  Capt.  Grindall,  bound  for  this  place,  where  he  arrived 
a])out  ten  in  the  evening,  and  was  received  at  his  Landing  by  a  num- 
ber of  gentlemen,  &c.,  and  saluted  by  the  town  guns,  and  from  on 
board  Sundry  Ships  in  the  river.  And  yesterday  morning,  his  honor, 
attended  by  his  Excellency  Thomas  Bladen,  Esq.,  then  Governor,  and 
his  Lordship's  honorable  Council,  &c.,  went  to  the  Council  Chamber, 
where  his  commission,  appointed  him  Lieutenant-General  and  Chief 
Governor  of  this  Province  and  Avalon,  was  opened  and  published. 
After  which  his  Excellency  was  pleased  to  issue  his  Proclamation  for 
continuing  all  officers,  both  Civil  and  Military,  in  their  respective 
offices,  until  further  orders." 

Although  the  bill  of  rights  had  not  been  written  and  the  Maryland 
Code  published,  t.ie  Maryland  Courts  of  the  last  century  had  an 
innate  desire  to  adjudicate  all  causes  before  them  "according  to  the 
very  right  and  equity  of  the  matter."     For  example  : 

On  Tuesday,  .June  IGth,  1747,  "at  the  County  Court,  held  here  last 
Tuesday,  Mrs.  S.  C.  of  Patapsco.  was  fined  the  sum  of  one  penny,  for 

whipping  the  R d  Mr.  N 1  W r  with  a   Hickory  Switch,  it 

being  imagined  by  the  court  that  he  well  deserved  it." 

In  the  same  spirit,  no  doubt,  the  sword  of  justice  was  unsheathed 
in  September  1747,  when  two  servants.  "Rebels  lately  imported," 
were  found  guilty  of  drinking  the  Pretender's  healtn,  together  with 
"some  other  treasonable  expressions,"  being  incapable  cf  paying  fines, 
were  "well  whip'd  at  the  whipping  post,"  and  were  stood  in  the 
pillory. 

The  times  were  writ,  when  during  the  second  week  in  January,  1747,  a 
negro  man  in  Annapolis  had  one  of  his  ears  cut  off  by  the  sentence  of 
.the  peace,  "for  offering  to  strike  his  overseer. 

The  court.--  then  allowed  no  trifling  with  a  lady's  feelings,  as  was 


138  "The  AncientCity." 

proved  on  the  12th  of  April,  1748,  when  "a  great  case"  was  tried  at  An- 
napolis, "wherein  a  young  gentle  woman  was  plaintiff  and  a  gentle- 
man defendant  for  breach  of  a  promise  of  marriage.  The  trial  las'.ted 
about  nine  hours,  when  the  jury  went  out.  and  after  a  short  stay,  re- 
turning with  a  verdict  for  tiie  plaintiff  and  £50 damages." 

On  May  2nd,  1752,  Mary  W n  obtained  from  .Toseph  W d, 

after  a  long  trial  and  the  examination  of  numej-ous  witnesses,  £50 
damages  tor  a  breach  of  promise  of  maniage. 

Electricity  had  its  devotees  nearly  a  century  and  a  half  ago,  who 
had  made  some  progress  in  the  subtle  sciene,  as  was  proved  on  Friday, 
June  9th,  1749,  when  a  gentleman  with  an  electrical  machine  made 
some  interesting  experiments  in  Annapolis.  lie  placed  it  on  the 
South  side  of  a  creek,  supposed  the  ii\m,  "and  having  set  some  sjjirits 
of  wine  in  a  small  vessel,  on  a  lable  on  the  North  Side,  he  caused  a 
spark  of  electrical  fire  to  dart  across  in  an  instant,  through  200  yards 
of  water,  which  set  the  sjnrits  in  a  blaze  in  the  first  attempt,  and 
several  times  afterwards  ;  and  discharged  a  liatteryof  eleven  guns,  to 
tlie  surprise  and  great  satisfaction  of  the  spectators."* 

The  Ancient.  Free  and  .Vccepted  Masons  were  established  in  the 
city  at  this  early  date,  and  "on  Wednesday,  the  27th  of  December, 
1749,  the  festival  of  St.  .lohn  the  Evangelist,  and  the  anniversary  of  the 
Ancient  and  Honorable  Fraternity  of  Free  and  Accepted  ]\[asons,  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Brotherhood,  connected  with  lodge  in  Annapolis 
with  several  of  the  order  from  tlie  country,  celebrated  the  day. 

At  12 o'clock,  the  whole  company,  -iO  in  nuaiber,  "went  in  pro- 
cession with  white  gloves  and  aprons,  from  the  House  of  their  Brother 
Middleton,  l)eing  preceded  by  their  master.  Wardens  and  Grand 
Stewards  to  the  church,  wlieri  an  excellent  sermon,  adapted  to  the 
occasion,  was  preached  by  their  brother,  the  Kev.  Mr.  Brogden  : 
After  Sermon,  they  returned  in  the  same  manner  from  Church  to  the 
Indian  King,  where  having  dined  elegantly,  tliey  elected  their  master 
and  officers  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  then  j)roeeeded  in  the  above 
order  to  the  great  Council  Room,  whei-e  they  made  a  ball  for  the  en- 
tertainment of  tiie  Ladies,  and  the  evening  was  spent  witli  innocent 
mirth  and  gayety." 

The  hearth-stone  again  furnishes  the  Gnzi'ffe  with  a  local  note.  On 
Wednesday,  January  24tli.  1750,  it  says: 

"Last  Saturday,  lieing  the  anniversary  of  the  birthday  of  his  royal 
highness  the  Prince  of  Wales,  the  wife  of  the  printer  of  this  paper 
was  happily  delivered  of  a  son,  who  will  be  baptized  the  name  of 
Frederick." 

For  the  curious  the  colonial  jtrinter  had  a  well-developed  aj)precia- 
tion.  There  was  a  naivete  in  his  quaint  expressions  that  lent  a  charm 
to  his  descriptions.     On  December  5th.  1750,  he  says  : 

"We   have  an  account  that  a  few  days  ago.  one  J W e,  in 

this  county,  as  he  was  carrying  home  one  of  his  neighbor's  hogs, 
which  he  had  killed  with  a  design  to  make  it  his  own,  having  tied  the 
feet  together,  and  put  it  over  his  neck,  he  went  to  rest  himself  l)y 
laying  the  hog  on  a  dead  tree,  but  laying  it  too  far  over,  the  string 
catch'd  him  by  the  throat  and  chock'd  him,  and,  they  were  there 
found  ;  so  they  proved  executioner  to  each  otlier." 

Emigrants,  from  the  continent  continued  to  amve  in  large  num- 
bers, in  Annapolis. 

*  Md.  GiiZftle. 


History  OF  AxNAPOLts  139 

On  October  10th,  IToS,  the  ship  Friendship,  Capt.  Jamos  Lucas, 
arrived  at  Annapolis,  with  300  German  passenjjers  called  Palatines, 
who  wore  consigned  to  Messrs.  Alexander  Lawson  and  James  Johnson, 
merchants.  Among  them  were  husbandmen  and  tradesmen,  who 
were  offered  for  sale  at  Annapolis  on  the  14th  of  October  to  pay  their 
passage  money. 

From  business  to  pleasure  the  Annaj^olitans  of  the  last  century 
turned  with  a  keen  zest ;  and  the  Annapolis  Theatre  is  now  found  in 
full  operation.  Among  the  pieces  ])layed  were  The  Busy  Body,  The 
Lying  Valet,  The  Beggar's  Opera,  The  Beaux  Stratagem,  The 
Virgin  Unmasked,  Recruiting  Officer,  The  Beau  in  the  Side,  The' 
London  Merchant.  The  ballad  Opera.  Damon  and  Pythias.  King 
Richard  III  was  advertised  to  be  played.  Mr.  Wyrell  took  the  jiart  of 
Richard. 

In  the  early  part  of  November,  of  the  same  year.  1752,  Richard 
Buckell  &  Company  exhibited  at  Annapolis,  three  wax  figures,  the 
([ueen  of  Hungary,  her  son.  and  a  pandour  in  his  military  dress,  also 
a  curious  brass  piece  of  ordiiiance.  that  could  be  discharged  twenty 
times  in  a  minute,  together  with  pictures  of  places  of  note  in  England, 
Scotland.  France,  and  Italy. 

A  Court  incident  occurred  about  this  time  that  does  not  reflect  much 
credit  upon  the  wvmen  jnry  system.  At  a  late  Provincial  Court, 
Mary  Perry,  sentenced  to  die,  pleaded  that  she  was  with  child.  A 
jury  of  matrons  was  summoned  to  examine  her,  "the  foreman  being 
an  experienced  midwife,  which  pronounced  her  not  quick.  A  few 
days  afterwards  in  Queen  Anne's  county  jail,  slie  gave  birth  to  a  lusty 
boy.'' 

The  intense  loyalty  to  all  that  was  British  was  constantly  shown  by 
the  people  of  Annai)olis.  Saturday,  the  17th  of  February,  1752,  the 
birthday  of  Lord  Baltimore,  at  which  time  he  attained  his  majority, 
twenty-one,  was  warmly  celebrated  at  Annapolis.  "At  noon  cannons 
were  discharged,  in  the  evening  the  President  of  the  province  gave  a 
public  ball  where  there  was  a  handsome  appearance  of  gentlemen 
and  ladies.  The  Loyal  Ilealtlis.  Lordship's  Prosperity  to  Maryland, 
&c.,  &c..  were  di-ank.  and  the  town  was  beautifully  illuminated. 
There  was  a  lionfire  near  the  dock,  and  a  hogshead  of  punch  was  given 
to  the  populace." 

Again,  on  November  1st.  1759,  their  loyality  cropped  out  when 
there  was  great  rejoicing  at  Annapolis  on  account  of  the  taking  of 
Quebec. — guns  were  fired,  illuminations  made,  and  a  public  l)all  was 
given  by  the  Governor.  ]\[uch  regret  was  felt  for  death  of  Gen. 
Wolfe.  ' 

The  scenes  shift,  and  the  bright  picture  of  filial  affection  is  marred 
by  the  ominous  clouds  of  disapproval  on  the  brows  of  the  Freeman  of 
Maryland  who  had  never  submitted,  and  were  determined  never  to 
submit  to  the  levying  of  any  taxes  upon  them  except  such  as  were 
laid  by  their  own  dejiuties. 

On  December  21.  (17G9,)  "at  ten  o'clock  at  a  numerous  meeting,  by 
beat  of  the  town-drum,  at  which  were  many  of  the  gentlemen  com- 
mittees from  the  several  counties  of  this  province,  who  in  July  last, 
entered  into  the  articles  for  non-importation  of  British  sujterfluities, 
and  for  promoting  frugality,  economy,  and  the  use  of  American  manu- 
factures, resolved  mianimouslv,  that  the  said  articles  be  most  strictly 


140  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

adhered  to  and  preserved  inviolate  ;  and  that  each  and  every  gentle- 
man, present  at  this  meeting,  will  use  his  utmost  endeavor  to  those 
laudable  er.ds." 

This  mosaic  of  sentiment,  politics,  and  festivities  presents  Annapolis 
AS  it  was  a  hundred  years  ago. 

It  was  at  this  period  tliat  Eddis,  the  English  Surveyor  of  Customs 
>t  Annapolis,  wrote  :  "'I  am  persuaded  there  is  not  a  town  in  England 
Oi  the  same  size  as  Annapolis,  which  can  boast  of  a  greater  number  of 
fashionable  and  handsome  women  ;  and  were  I  not  satisfied  to  the  con- 
trary, I  should  suppose  that  the  majority  of  our  belles  possessed  every 
.advantage  of  a  long  and  familiar  intercourse  with  the  manners  and 
habits  of  your  great  (London)  metropolis." 

Durinsr  the  winter  these  lovely  and  accomplished  women  had  op- 
portunity to  display  their  graces  in  fortnight  balls.  The  rooms  for 
.dancing,  (the  present  Assembly  Rooms)  were  large  and  of  elegant 
<;onstruction,  and  were  illuminated  with  great  brilliancy.  At  each 
end  of  the  room  were  apartments  for  the  card  tables,  "where  select 
companies  enjoy  the  circulation  of  the  party-colored  gentry,  without 
having  tlieir  attention  diverted  by  the  sound  of  fiddles,  and  the  evolu- 
tions of  youthful  performers." 

It  is  to  the  credit  of  the  citizens  of  Maryland  that,  during  the  gloom 
and  distress  occasioned  Ijy  the  Revolution,  the  convcTition  prohibited 
balls  throughout  the  province.  The  public  mind,  however,  did  not 
seem  to  need  the  legal  prohibition  for  it  was  engaged  in  too  serious 
business  to  pursue  the  phantom  of  social  pleasures. 

One  of  the  most  faithful  pictures  of  Annapolis  life  immediately  pre- 
ceeding  the  beginning  of  the  hostilities  of  the  Revolution  is  drawn  by 
the  pen  of  Mr.  Eddis  who  was  part  of  what  he  described.  In  his 
cheerful  and  entertaining  style,  under  date  of  .January  l>i,  1771,  he 
writes  from  Annapolis : 

"In  a  former  letter,  I  attempted  to  convey  some  idea  of  the  truly 
picturesque  and  befiutiful  situation  of  our  little  capital.  Several  of 
the  most  opulent  families  have  here  established  their  residence  ;  and 
hospitality  is  the  characteristic  of  the  inhabitants.  Party  prejudices 
have  little  influence  on  social  intercourse  :  the  grave  and  ancient  en- 
joy the  blessings  of  a  resectable  society,  while  the  young  and-  gay 
Jiave  various  amusements  to  engage  their  hours  of  relaxation,  and  to 
promote  that  mutual  connexion  so  essential  to  their  future  happi- 
ness. 

"You  well  know,  that  I  have  ever  been  strongly  attached  to  the 
rational  entercainment  resulting  from  theatrical  exhibitions.  When 
I  bade  farewell  to  England,  I  little  expected  that  my  passion  for  the 
drama  could  have  been  gratified,  in  any  tolerable  degree,  at  a  distance 
so  remote  from  the  great  mart  of  genius  ;  and  I  brought  with  me 
strong  prepossessions  in  Ijehalf  of  favourite  performers,  wliose  merits 
were  fully  established,  by  the  universal  sanction  of  intelligent  judges. 
My  pleasure  and  my  surprise  were  therefore  excited  in  proportion,  on 
finding  performers  in  this  county  equal,  at  least,  to  those  who  sustain 
the  best  of  the  first  characters  in  your  most  celebrated  provincial 
theatre;-.  Our  governor,  from  a  strong  conviction  that  the  stage, 
under  proper  regulations,  may  be  rendered  of  general  utility,  and 
made  suV)servient  to  the  great  interests  of  religion  and  virtue,  patronizes 
the  American  Company  ;  and  as  their  present  place  of  exhibition 
is  on  a  small  scale,   and   inconveniently    situated,    a   subscription, 


History  OF  Annapolis.  141 

by  his  example,  has  been  rapidly  completed  to  erect  anew  theatre, 
on  a  commodious,  if  not  an  elegant,  plan.  The  manager  is  to  de- 
liver tickets  for  two  seasons,  to  the  amount  of  the  respective  sub- 
scriptions ;  and,  it  is  imagined,  that  the  money  which  will  be  re- 
ceived at  the  doors,  from  non -subscribers,  well  enable  him  to  con- 
duct the  business  without  difficulty  ;  and  when  the  limited  number  of 
performances  is  completed,  the  intire  property  is  to  be  vested  in  him. 
This  will  be  a  valuable  addition  to  our  catalogue  of  amusements.  The' 
building  is  already  in  a  state  of  forwardness,  and  the  day  of  opening 
is  anxiously  expected." 

On  November  2,  1771,  Mr.  Eddis  introduces  another  scene  in  Au' 
napolis  life.     To  his  correspondent  in  England,  he  says  : 

"In  this  remote  region,  my  dear  friend,  the  phantom  pleasure  is 
pursued  with  as  much  avidity  as  on  your  side  of  the  Atlantic  ;  and  cer- 
tainly with  as  much  gratification  except  by  the  injudicious  herd  who 
form  ideas  of  happiness  from  comparison  alone. 

"Our  races,  which  are  just  concluded,  continued  four  days,  and 
afforded  excellent  amusement  to  those  who  are  attached  to  the  pleas- 
ures of  the  turf  ;  and,  surprising  as  it  may  appear,  I  assure  you  there 
are  few  meetings  in  England  better  attended,  or  where  more  capital 
horses  are  exhibited. 

"In  order  to  encourage  the  breed  of  this  noble  animal,  a  jockey  club 
has  been  instituted,  consisting  of  many  principal  gentlemen  in  this 
and  in  the  adjacent  provinces  many  of  whom  have  imported  from  Bri- 
tain, at  a  very  great  expense,  horses  of  high  reputation. 

"In  America,  the  mild  beauties  of  the  autumnal  months  amply  com- 
pensate for  the  fervent  heats  of  summer,  and  the  rigid  severity  of 
winter.  Nothing  could  exceed  the  charming  serenity  of  the  weather' 
during  these  races  ;  in  consequence  of  which  there  was  a  prodigious 
concourse  of  spectators,  and  considerable  sums  were  depending  on  the 
contest  of  each  day.  On  the  first,  a  purse  of  one  hundred  guineas 
was  run  for,  free  only  for  the  members  of  the  club  ;  and  on  the  three 
following  days  subscription  purses  of  fifty  pounds  each.  Assemblies, 
and  theatrical  representations,  were  the  amusements  of  the  evening, 
at  which  the  comp>any  exhibited  a  fashionable  and  brilliant  ap- 
pearance. 

'  'Our  new  theatre,  of  which  I  gave  you  an  account  in  a  former  letter-- 
was  opened  to  a  numerous  audience  the  week  preceding  the  races. 
The  structure  is  not  inelegant,  but,  in  my  opinion,  on  too  narrow  a 
scale  for  its  length  ;  the  boxes  are  commodious,  and  neatly  decorated  ;■ 
the  pit  and  gallery  are  calculated  to  hold  a  number  of  people  without 
incommoding  each  other  ;  the  stage  is  well  adapted  for  dramatic  and 
pantomimical  exhibitions  ;  and  several  of  the  scenes  reflect  great  credit 
on  the  ability  of  tlie  painter.  I  have  before  observed,  that  the  per- 
formers are  considerably  above  mediocrity  ;  therefore,  little  doubt  can 
be  entertained  of  their  preserving  the  public  favour,  and  reai^ing  a 
plenteous  harvest." 

Mr.  Eddis  was  disposed  to  give  the  country  of  his  choice  credit  for 
every  virtue  it  possessed.  In  these  glowing  sentences  he  depicts  the 
conservatism  of  their  sentiments  and  the  beauty  and  accomplishments 
of  American  women,  which  latter  opinions  were  founded  centirely  by  the 
Maryland  and  Virginia  ladies  he  had  met  and  chiefly  those  of  Annapolis, 
since  Mr.  Eddis  appears  to  have  been  in  no  other  parts  of  this  conti- 
nent.    On  December  24,  1771,  he  writes  from  the  Maryland  capital  5 


143  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

"  Whatever  yuu  liave  heard  relative  to  the  rigid  puritanical  principles 
and  economical  habits  of  our  American  brethren,  is  by  no  means  true 
when  applied  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  southern  provinces.  Liberality 
of  sentiment,  and  genuine  hospitality,  are  every  where  prevalent  ; 
and  I  am  persuaded  they  too  frequently  mistake  profuseness  for 
generosity,  and  impair  their  health  and  tiieir  fortunes,  by  splendor  of 
:appea ranee  and  magnificence  of  entertainments. 

"The  (piick  importation  of  fashions  from  the  mother  country  is  really 
astonishing.  1  am  almost  inclined  to  believe,  that  a  new  fashion  is 
adopted  (>ai-lier  by  the  polished  and  aliiuent  American,  than  by  many 
opulent  ])ersous  in  the  great  metropolis  ;  nor  are  opportunities  wanting 
to  display  superior  elegance.  We  have  varied  amusements,  and 
numerous  parties,  which  afford  to  tiie  young,  the  gay,  and  the  ambi- 
tious, an  extensive  field  to  contend  in  the  race  of  vain  and  idle  competi- 
"tion.  Tn  sliort,  very  little  difference  is,  in  reality,  observable  in  the 
manners  of  the  wealthy  colonist  and  the  wealthy  Briton.  Good  and 
bad  habits  prevail  on  both  sides  the  Atlantic. 

"It  is  but  justice  to  confess,  that  the  American  ladies  possess  a  na- 
tural ease  and  elegance  in  the  whole  of  their  depoi'tmenl  ;  and  that 
while  tiiey  assiduously  cultivate  external  accomj)lisluneut,  they  are 
still  anxiously  attentive  to  the  more  important  eml)ellishments  of 
the  mind.  In  conversation  they  are  generally  animated,  and  en- 
tertaining, and  deliver  their  sentiments  with  affability  and  propriety. 
In  a  word,  there  are,  throughout  these  colonies,  very  many  lovely 
women,  who  have  never  passed  the  bounds  of  tlieir  respective  pro- 
vinces, and  yet,  I  am  persuaded,  might  appear  to  great  advantage  in 
the  most  brilliant  circles  of  gaiety  and  fashion. 

"In  this  country  the  marriage  ceremony  is  universally  performed  in 
the  dwelling  houses  of  the  parties.  The  company,  who  are  invited, 
assemble  early  in  the  evening,  and  after  partaking  of  tea  and  other 
refreshments,  the  indissoluble  contract  is  completed.  The  bride  and 
bridegroom  then  receive  the  accustomed  congratulations:  cards  and 
dancing  immediately  succeed  ;  a:;  elegant  supper,  a  cheerful  glass,  and 
the  convivial  song  close  the  entertainment. 

"There  are  few  places  where  young  people  are  more  frequently  grati- 
fied wfth  opportunities  of  associating  together  than  in  this  country. 
Besides  our  regular  assemblies,  every  mark  of  attention  is  paid  to  the 
patron  Saint  of  each  parent  dominion  ;  and  St.  George.  St.  Andrew. 
St.  Patrick,  and  St.  David,  are  celebrated  with  every  partial  mark  of 
national  attachment.  General  invitations  are  given,  and  the  appear- 
ance is  always  numerous  and  splendid. 

"The  Americans,  on  this  part  of  this  continent,  have  likewise  a  Saint, 
whose  history,  like  those  of  the  above  venerable  characters,  is  lost  in 
fable  and  uncertainty.  The  first  of  May  is,  however,  set  apart  to  the 
memory  of  Saint  Tamina,  on  which  occasion  tlie  natives  wear  a  piece 
of  a  buck's  tail  in  their  hats,  or  in  some  conspicuous  situation.  Dur- 
ing the  course  of  the  evening,  and  generally  in  the  midst  of  a  dance, 
the  company  are  interrupted  by  the  sudden  intrusion  of  a  number  of 

eersons  habited  liked  Indians,  who  rush  violently  into  the  room,  sing- 
ig  the  war  song,  giving  the  whoop,  and  dancing  in  the  style  of  those 
people  ;  after  which  ceremony  a  collection  is  made,  and  the  retire 
well  satisfied  with  their  reception  and  entertainment. 

"In  this  province  there  are  scarce  any  vestiges  of  the  original  inhab- 
itants, but  it  does  not  appear  that  their  numbers  have  been  reduced 


History  of   Annapolis.  143 

by  any  inhuman  or  iudirec;  practices  of  tlie  British  settlers.  In  Dor- 
set county,  on  the  eastern  siiore  of  MaryUind,  there  are  indeed  the  re- 
mains of  a  nation,  once  populous  and  powerful,  who,  to  this  day,  re- 
tain considerable  tracts  of  valuable  land,  for  which  they  receive  an 
annual  consideration,  but  by  no  means  equivalent  to  the  real  value. 
When  every  other  Indian  nation  thought  it  nee.  ssary  to  retire  beyond 
the  range  of  the  European  settlements,  these  people  it  seems  deter- 
mined to  continue  on  their  native  spot.  But  being  precluded  from 
their  former  Qceiqiations  and  pui^uits,  they  became  totally  indolent  and 
inactive  ;  and  a  ditferent  haVtit  of  living,  a  violent  propensity  to  spir- 
ituous liquors,  and  the  havock  oceasioned  by  the  small-pox,  and  other 
disorders,  to  which  they  were  unaccustomed,  reduced  their  numbers 
to  such  a  degree,  that  at  this  time  not  twenty  of  their  descendants 
remain." 

Politics  is  the  child  of  government.  America  had  its  politics  and 
Maryland  a  noted  part  of  it  before  the  Revolution.  It  had  not  reached 
exact  national  delineation  liefore  the  throes  over  the  Stamp  Act 
began,  but  in  Maryland  there  was  a  one  line  of  policy  which  tlie 
■citizens,  on  all  occasions,  "in  season  and  out  of  season"  pursued,  and 
that  was  to  resist  with  maidy  courage  all  infringements  of  their  rights 
by  the  Crown's  officers.  Mr.  Eddis,  seeing  with  an  Englishman's 
eye.  portrays  this  determination  in  the  following  extract  from  An- 
napolis, Feb.  17,1772: 

''The  annual  revenue  of  the  proprietary,  arising  from  the  sale  of 
lands,  and  the  yearly  quit  rent,  after  deducting  all  the  various  charges 
of  government,  averages  at  twelve  thousand  five  hundred  pounds  ijer 
annum.  All  offices,  excepting  those  in  the  service  of  the  customs, 
are  in  his  gift,  or  in  the  gift  of  his  representative  for  the  time  being. 
This  patronage  includes  a  very  extensive  range  of  lucrative,  and  re- 
spectful stations  :  and  consequently  throws  great  weight  and  influ- 
ence into  the  scale  of  government. 

"Thi§  influence  is  considered  l)y  many,  as  inimical  to  the  essential  in- 
terests of  the  peeple  :  a  spirit  of  party  is  consequently  excited  ;  and 
every  idea  of  encroachment  is  resisted,  by  the  popular  faction,  with 
all  the  warmth  of  patriotic  enthusiasm. 

"I  have  before  observed,  that  elections  hi  this  province  are  trien- 
nial. The  delegates  returned,  are  generaliy  [lersons  of  the  greatest 
consequence  in  their  different  counties  :  and  many  of  them  are  per- 
fectly acquainted  with  the  political  and  commercial  interests  of  their 
constituents.  I  have  frequently  heard  subjects  debated  with  great 
powers  of  eloquence,  and  force  of  reason  ;  and  the  utmost  regularity 
and  propriety  distinguish  the  whole  of  their  proceedings. 

'  'During  the  sitting  of  the  assembly,  the  members  of  both  houses 
receive  a  stated  sura  for  their  attendance  on  public  business  ;  and  the 
number  of  days  being  properly  certified,  they  are  regularly  paid  their 
respective  claims  at  the  conclusion  of  each  session.* 

"Provincial  and  country  magistrates  are  appointed  by  the  gover- 
nor. The  former  are  commissioned  to  try  capital  offences,  and  im- 
portant causes  relative  to  property  ;  the  latter  preside  in  the  county 
courts.     They  have  likewise,  individually,  power  to  determine  causes 

•  Metiihers  of  the  upper  hniHe,  nine  «tiillings  sterling  per  tliem  ;  tho.=e  Of 
the  lower, about  eight  thiiUag  end   six-pence. 


144  "The  Ancient  City.  '' 

of  the  value  of  forty  shillings  :  and  to  inflict  punishment  on  servants, 
complaint  being  regularly  made,  and  the  matter  proved  by  their  em- 
ployers. 

"The  governor  has  a  discretionary  authority  to  pardon  persons  capi- 
tally convicted  ;  and  by  the  principles  of  the  constitution,  he  is 
obliged  to  sign  all  -yv^arrants  for  the  execution  of  those  who  suffer 
agreeable  to  sentence. 
"  "A  litigious  spirit  is  very  apparent  in  this  country.  The  assizes  are 
held  twice  in  the  year,  in  the  city  of  Aimapolis,  and  the  number  of 
causes  then  brought  forward,  is  really  incredible.  Though  few  of  the 
gentlemen  who  practice  in  the  courts  have  been  regularly  called  to 
the  bar,  there  are  several  who  are  confessedly  eminent  in  thtir  pro- 
fession ;  and  those  who  are  possessed  of  superior  abilities,  have  full 
employment  for  the  exertion  of  their  talents,  and  are  paid  in  due  pi-o- 
portiov.  by  their  respective  clients. 

"The  natives  of  these  provinces,  even  those  who  move  in  the  hum- 
bler circles  of  life,  discover  a  shrewdness  and  penetration,  not  gener- 
ally observable  in  the  mother  country.  On  many  occasions,  they  are 
inquisitive,  even  beyond  the  bounds  of  propriety  ;  they  discriminate 
characters  with  the  greatest  accuracy  ;  and  there  are  few  who  do  not 
seem  perfectly  conversant  with  the  general,  and  particulr  interests  of 
the  community.  An  idea  of  equality  also  seems  to  prevail,  and  the 
inferior  order  of  people  pay  but  little  external  respect  those  who 
occupy  su])erior  stations." 

By  October  3rd,  1772,  there  was  another  color  in  the  political  cur- 
rent. This  is  the  sneering  and  inappreciative  language  which  Mr. 
Eddis  uses,  evidently  with  the  sincerost  belief  that  he  fitly  described 
them,  towards  the  patriots  who  were  in  tlie  van  in  opposing  British 
encroachments  upon  the  just  rights  and  liberties  of  the  colonics  ; 

"Under  pretence  of  supporting  the  sacred  claims  of  freedom,  and 
of  justice,  factious  and  designing  men  are  industriously  fomenting 
jealousy  and  discontent ;  and  unless  they  are  stopt  in  their  progress 
by  the  immediate  and  determined  exertions  of  the  wise  and  moderate, 
they  will  aggravate  the  dissention  which  is  become  but  too  e'vident, 
and  involve  this  now  happy  country  in  complicated  misery." 

In  the  decade  preceding  the  Revolution  and  part  of  that  contem- 
poraneous with  it,  its  life  of  fashion  and  frivolity  reached  its  height  at 
the  capitol.  Wealth  gave  leisure  and  education :  education  and 
leisure  created  the  desire  for  refined  and  fashionable  pleasures.  The 
presence  of  a  large  number  of  officials,  part  of  whom  had  come  from 
the  realm  of  "Merry  England,"  and  had  imported  its  follies  and 
pleasures,  not  only  added  to  the  reportoire  of  social  amusements,  but 
the  emoluments  of  office  gave  the  means  of  gratifying  their  tastes. 
These  enlarging  the  fund  of  native  resources  of  society,  not  only  did 
the  fame  of  the  elegance  and  enjoyment  of  life  at  Annapolis  extend  ta 
the  utmost  bounds  of  the  Province,  but  it  invaded  the  sister  com- 
monwealth of  Virginia,  and  one  of  the  frequent  visitors  of  Annapolis, 
and  participant  in  the  pleasures  and  excitements  of  its  race-courses, 
its  card-parties,  and  its  balls,  was  George  Washington,  then  a  colonel 
in  the  service  of  his  State. 

The  only  place  in  Maryland  that  offered  to  the  devotees  of  fashion 
the  opportunity  to  gratify  a  refined  and  cultivated  taste  for  social 
pleasures,  it  became  the  rendezvous  of  a  gay  and  voluptuous  society. 
The  very  emptiness  of  their  minds  and  lack  of  useful  employment  be- 


History  of   A  n  x  a  p  o  l  i  s  .  14~) 

gat  a  longing  for  these  triv^ial  pleasures,  whicli  they  called  enjoyment 
because  it  relieved  "from  the  ennui  of  the  moment,  even  by  occupa- 
tion in  trifles."  The  seat  of  a  wealthy  government,  the  diily  life  of 
its  inhabitants  was  softened  by  the  refinements  of  art,  tlie  indolence  of 
wealth,  and  the  substantial  benefits  of  opulence.  The  furniture  of 
their  houses  was  constructed  of  the  most  costly  wbods  and  the  most 
valuable  marbles,  each  enriched  Ijy  the  elegant  devices  of  the  painter's 
and  sculptor's  arts.  When  they  paid  their  social  debts,  or  gathered 
for  the  stately  minuet,  they  came  in  equipages  light  and  handsome, 
drawn  by  fleetest  coursers,  and  managed  by  livried  slaves  in  richest 
apparel.  Three-fourtha  of  the  dwellings  of  the  city,  by  their  style 
and  elegance,  gave  proof  of  the  wealth  of  the  people  whilst  the  em- 
ployment of  a  French  hair  dressei",  by  one  lady  at  a  thousand  crowns 
a  year,  was  an  out-cropping  of  that  luxury  which  made  it  the  home 
of  a  gay  and  haughty  circle  of  giddy  voluptuaries  and  social  auto- 
crats. 

Nor  was  the  element  of  evil  wanting  in  this  dwarfed  prototype  of 
European  social  life.  Youth,  beauty,  wealth,  and  mtelligenee  soon 
chastened  the  rigors  of  the  primitive  virtues  of  the  settlers  of  the  pro- 
vmce  and  city  into  the  refinement  of  continental  manners.  The  fas- 
cinating and  dangerous  attractions  of  gayety,  whilst  they  earned  for 
Annapolis  the  title  of  the  Afheits  of  America,  the  chronicles  of  those 
times  warrant  the  belief,  that  "her  pleasures,  like  those  of  lux- 
urious and  pampered  life  in  all  ages,  ministered  neither  to  her  happi- 
ness nor  her  purity."* 

After  the  Revolution,  its  life  of  fashion  subsided,  its  commerce  de- 
parted, wealth  gradually  took  its  flight  from  Annapolis,  and  the  city 
fell  into  a  somnolent  state.  In  its  days  of  dreamy  slumber  a  Naval 
Commission  reported  that  "A  polar  expedition  is  useless  to  determine 
the  Eartli's  Axis.  Go  to  Annapolis  rather.  It  should  be  called  the 
pivot-city.  It  is  tlie  centre  of  the  universe,  for  while  all  the  world 
around  it  revolves  it  remains  stationary.  One  advantage  is  that  you 
always  know  where  to  find  it.  To  get  to  Annapolis  you  have  but  to 
cultivate  a  colossal  calmness  and  the  force  of  gravity  will  draw  yon 
towards  the  great  centre — once  there,  there  is  no  certrifugal  force  to 
displace  you,  and  you  stay.  By  natural  evolution  your  hands  disap- 
pear in  your  breeches  pockets  and  you  assume  the  most  marked  char- 
acteristic of  the  indigenous  Annapolitan.  No  glove  merchant  ever 
flourished  there.  Auna^olitans  in  heaven  have  heads  and  wings, 
their  hands  disappear.  On  old  tombstones  you  may  see  them  as  An- 
gels, on  earth  they  resemble  exclamation  points,  all  heads  and  tails, 
like  the  fish  they  eat.  Natural  evolution  developes  itself  in  a  taste  for 
oysters,  as  they  need  no  carving,  and  a  phosphorous  diet  swells  the 
brain  :  they  talk  politics  continually.  Annapolis  keeps  the  Severn 
river  in  its  place.  This  will  be  useful  when  the  harbour  of  Baltimore 
dries  up.  Annapolitans  are  waiting  for  this.  They  are  in  no  hurry, 
they  don't  mind  waiting.     Two  or  three  centennials  will  do  it." 

A  fair  specimen  of  the  raillery  Annapolis  has  outlived.  This  face- 
tious description,  once  well-nigh  historical,  no  longer  represents  An- 
napols  of  the  present  which  begins  to  stir  in  its  slumber  long  and 
profound. 

The  whistle  of  the  locomotive,  as  it  crosses  the  Severn,  echoing 

•  McMahone  p.  25(j. 
10 


146  '  ^The  Anciext  City." 

above  the  hill-tops  of  encompassinc:  walls,  is  arousint?  "The  Ancient 
City,"  to  its  advantages*  The  infusion  of  new  blood,  that  sees  with 
new  eyes  the  opportunities  its  location  presents,  imlicates  the  renais- 
sance of  its  importance  as  "a  port  of  trade,"  and  railroad  and  capi- 
tal are  to  make  of  "The  Town  Laxd  at  Proctors"  what  legislative 
enactments,  surveyor's  plats  and  commissioners'  warrants  could  not  ac- 
complish. 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 

The  First  American  Theatre  Erected  in 
Annapolis. 

1752—1887. 
The  first  theatre  in  America  was  built  at  Annapolis.  In  the  Maryland 
Gazette,  of  June  iSth,  1752,  appeared  the  following  advertisement: 
"By  permission  of  his  honor  the  president,  (Benjamin  Tasker,  Esq., 
then  president  or  governor  of  the  province,)  at  the  new  theatre  in 
Annapolis,  by  the  company  of  comedians  from  Virginia,  on  Monday 
next,  being  the  22nd  of  this  instant,  will  be  performed,  "The  Beggars' 
Opera,"  likewise  farce,  called  the  "Lying  Valet,"  to  begin  precisely 
at  7  o'clock.  Tickets  to  be  had  at  the  printing  office.  Box  10  s« 
pit  Is.  6d.     Xo  person  to  be  admitted  behind  the  scenes." 

The  principal  performers  appear  to  have  been  Messrs.  Wyrill,  Her- 
bert, Eyanson,  Kean,  and  Miss  Osborne.  The  company  played  whilst 
in  Annapolis,  "The  Busy  Body,"  "Beaux  Stratagem,"  "Recruiting 
Officer,"  "London  Merchant,"  "Cato,"  "Richard  III,"  and  other 
dramas.  This  company  afterward  performed  at  Copper  Marlborough 
and  Piscataway,  on  the  Western  Shore,  and  at  Chestertown,  on  the  Eas- 
tern. 

At  the  same  time  the  Virginia  company  was  here,  Mr.  Richard 
Bucknell  and  company  exhibited  some  curious  wax  figures,  represent- 
ing the  Queen  of  Himgary  sitting  on  her  throne,  and  the  Duke,  her 
son,  and  courtiers  in  attendance.  In  1760,  the  Gazette  announced 
that  "by  permission  of  his  Excellency,  the  Governor,  a  theatre  is 
erecting  in  this  city  which  will  be  opened  soon  by  a  company  of  come- 
dians who  are  now  at  Chester  To\tu,"  This  company  arrived  March 
3rd,  and  began  performing  the  same  evening.  They  remained  until 
May  12th. 
The  following  show  the  dramas  performed  in  tliat  period  : 

Plays.  Farces. 

]\Lirch  3.  Orphans.  Lethe,  or  Esop  in 

the  Shades. 
"      6.  Recruiting  Officer.  Miss  in  her  Teens. 

"       8.  Venice  Preserved.  Mock-Doctor. 

"     10.  Richard  III.  King  and  the  Mil- 

ler. 


History  of  Annapolis, 


147 


"  13.  Provoked  Husband. 

"  15,  Fair  Penitent. 

"  20.  Stratagem. 

"  32.  George  Barnwell. 

"  24.  Busy-Body. 

•'  27,  Revenge. 

"  29.  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wife. 

(In  Passion  week  the  Theatre  was  closed.) 
April    7.*Romeo  and  Juliet.      Stace  Coach. 
"       8.  Provoked  Husband. 

"       9.  Othello. 

"     10.  Constant  Couple. 


Stage  Coach. 
Anatomist. 
Lethe, 

Lying  Valet. 
IMock-Doctor. 
Lying  Valet. 
Damon  and    Pliil- 
lida. 


Honest  Yorkshire- 
man. 

Devil  to  Pay. 

King  and  the  Mil- 
ler. 
Miss  in  her  teens,. 

Mock-Doctor. 

Hob. 

Lying  Valet. 

Devil  to  Pay. 

Yorkshireman* 

Lethe. 

Lying  Valet. 

Lethe. 

Yorkshi  reman. 

Virgin  Unmasked' 

Lethe. 

Toy  Shop. 


"     11. t  Uomeo  and  Juliet. 
"     12.  Suspicious  Husband. 
April  14.  Richard  III.  (Ben  of  Mr.  Douglass.) 
"     15.  Fair  Penitent.  (Mr.  Palmer.) 
"     16.  Venice  Preserved.  (Mr.  Murray.) 
'*     17.  Provoked  Husband.  (Mrs.  Douglass.-) 
"     19.  Revenge.  (Mr.  Hallam.) 
'*     22.  Stratagem.  (Mrs.  and  Miss Dowthaitt 
"     23.  Orphan.  (Miss  Crane  and  Comp.) 
"     24.  Constant  Couple.  (Mr.  Morris.) 
May     5.  Douglass.  (Mrs.  A,  Hallam,) 
"      8.  Jew  of  Venice.  (Mr.  Morris.) 
"    12.  Gamester.  (Mr.  Scott.) 
The  company  then  went  to  Upper  Marlboro'  and  played  several 
weeks. 

On  Saturday,  the  IStli  of  February,  1769,  a  new  theatre  was  opened 
by  the  American  company  of  comedians  with  Romeo  and  Juliet. 
The  company  then  consisted  of  Messrs.  Hallam,  Jefferson,  Verling, 
"Wall,  Darby,  Morris,  Parker,  Godwin,  Spencer,  Page,  Walker,  Os- 
borne, and  Burdett,  Mrs.  Jones,  Walker,  Osborne,  Burdett,  Malone, 
Parker  and  Mrs.  Hallam.  This  company  was  held  in  high  estimation 
in  Annapolis,  and  especially  for  its  performance  of  Richard  III. 
Miss  Hallam  excited  the  admiration  of  the  poets,  and  the  Muse's  flame 
was  kindled  in  her  honor.  One  of  the  stanzas  to  this  star  of  the 
stage  ran : 

"Around  her,  see  the  Graces  play, 

See  Venus'  Wanton  Doves, 
And  in  her  Eye's  Pellucid  Ray, 
See  little  Laughing  Loves. 
Ye  Gods  !  'Tis  Cytherea's  Face." 
It  was  this  theatre  tliat  Mr.  Bddis,  the  ever-faithful  chronicler,  so 
quaintly  described  in  his  letter  dated  from  Annapolis,  November  2nd, 
1771,  and  printed  in  the  preceding  chapter: 

This  theatre  stood  on  the  present  site  of   the  Adams  Express  OlTice, 
West  Street,  and  was  pulled  down  over  fifty  years  ago  to  make  room 
for  the  present  liuilding,  which  was  erected  by  the  Hutton  Brothers, 
as  a  wagon  manufactory. 
*  ''I^omeo,  by  a  young  gentleman  for  his  diversion." 
t  "Witli  the  funeral  procession  of  Juliet,  to  tlie  monument  of  Capuietts." 


14S  ''The  Ancient  Citv."" 

The  theatre  in  Annapolis  wffs  the  miniature  of  the  progress  of 
di'aiaatic  art  the  world  over.  Here  was  the  devotion  to  actresses  and 
here  was  displayed  tlieiv  haughty  tyranny  when  their  royal  highnesses 
were  displeased  by  an  exacting  and  capricious  public.  This  hauteur 
was  pointedly  evinced  on  the  last  night  of  a  season's  performances  by 
the  Old  American  Company  of  Comedians.  Durhig  the  evening  the 
audience  desired  a  Mrs.  Henry  to  perform  some  part  of  the  programme 
which  she  refused  to  do.  A  local  correspondent  wrote  to  the  Crasette 
that  "pity  it  is  that  being  so  well  satisfied  with  the  comijany  in  gen- 
eral, the  Annapolitans  should  at  last  have  their  indignation  excited 
by  the  contemptuous  and  ungrateful  behavior  of  Mrs.  Henry,  who  not 
only  obstinately  refused  to  gratify  them  in  the  only  way  in  which  she  is 
superiorly  qualified  to  please,  but  had  not  even  the  compliance  to 
offer  an  apology  for  denying  their  request.  But  if  we  regret  that  our 
good  humor  siiould,  at  length,  have  been  tired  out  by  the  insolence  of 
this  princess,  we  lament  still  more  feelingly  that  our  displeasure  should, 
even  in  appearance,  have  fallen  on  two  jjerformers  so  deservedly  pos- 
sessed of  our  favor  and  esteem  as  Mrs.  Morris  and  Mr.  Wignell  while 
the  audience  were  bent  on  hearing  Mrs.  Henry  sing.'" 

In  1828,  another  theatre  was  built  of  wood  on  Duke  of  Gloucester  street, 
on  the  present  site  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The  corner-stone  of  this 
theatre  was  laid  on  the  14th  of  August,  1838,  by  Richard  I.  Jones, 
Esq.  A  leaden  box,  containing  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  Building 
Committee,  a  copy  of  each  of  the  newspapers  printed  in  this  city,  and 
a  copy  of  the  will  of  General  Washington,  was  deposited  under  it.  An 
appropriate  address  was  delivered  by  James  F.  Brice,  Esq.,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Committee,  and  a  respectable  number  of  citizens,  who 
had  assembled  to  witness  the  ceremony.  It  is  deserving  of  remark, 
that  the  stone  used  for  the  corner-stone  of  this  edifice,  was  the  corner- 
stone of  the  theatre  which  formerly  stood  on  West  street,  and  which 
was  pulled  down  about  1818. 

Of  this  theatre  Mr.  David  Ridgely  wrote  in  1841,  it  "is  rarely  opened 
not  having  votaries  of  the  dramatic  muse  sufficient  to  sustain  it  even 
for  a  season." 

Annapolis  since  that  period  has  had  no  regular  theatre  ;  but  is  indebted 
to  occasional  visits  of  artists  of  genius,  among  them  John  E.  Owens 
and  Madame  Janneseheck,  with  a  plenitude  of  strolling  companies  ol 
indifferent  ability — whose  place  of  performance  is  the  Masonic  Opera 
House.  The  amateur  talent  of  Annapolis  has  been  occasionally  dis- 
played to  the  signal  credit  of  performers  and  the  pleasure  of  the  pub- 
lic. Frequent  dramatic  performances  at  the  JS^aval  Academy  have 
enlivened  the  monotonous  duties  of  miliiary  life,  and  the  exhibit  of 
town-talent  at  the  Masonic  Opera  House  in  1879  and  1881  in  the  repro- 
duction of  the  cantatas  of  Belshazzer  and  Joseph  reflected  the  high 
jnusical  talent  and  dramatic  skill  of  our  citizens,  and  afforded  unusual 
jdeasure  to  large  and  cultivated  audiences. 


H  I  S  T  0  K  V   0  P    A  N  jr  A  P  O  L[  149' 

CHAPTER  XXXIII. 
The  SxA^fP  Act  in  Annapolis. 

1765—176(5. 

Boston,  on  the  141  h  of  August.  1765,  hung  and  burned  thi'elligjesof 
Bute  and  Greville.  Tliirteen  days  later  Annapolis  to  show  its  " detes- 
tation of,  and  abhorrence  to,  some  late  tremendous  attacks  on  liberty 
and  their  dislike  to  a  certain  late  arrived  officer,  a  iiafifc  of  this 
province  !''  "curiously  dressed  up  the  figure  of  a  man,  which  they 
placed  in  a  one-horse  cart,  male-factor  like,  with  some  sheets  of  paper 
in  his  hands  before  his  face.  In  that  manner  they  paraded  through 
the  streets  of  the  town,  till  noon,  the  bell  at  the  same  time  tolling  a 
solemn  knell,  when  they  proceeded  to  the  hill,  and  after  giving  it  the 
Mosaic  Law  at  the  whipping-post,  placed  it  in  the  pillory,  from  whence 
they  took  it  and  hung  it  on  a  gibbet,  there  erected  for  that  purpose, 
and  set  fire  to  a  tar-ljarrel  underneath  and  burnt  it  till  it  fell  into  the 
barrel.  By  the  many  significant  nods  of  the  head,  while  in  the  cart, 
it  may  be  said  to  have  gone  off  very  penitently." 

The  proceedings  were  under  the  direction  of  '"a  considerable  num- 
ber of  people"  calling  themselves  "Asserters  of  British  American 
privileges,"  who  had  assembled  from  all  parts  of  the  State,  amongst 
them  being  that  bold  and  aggressive  spirit,  Samuel  Chase — m  1776, 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independance  from  Mai'yland. 

The  man  who  was  the  appointed  instrument  of  oppression  for  Mary- 
land, was  a  native  and  merchant  of  Annapolis,  one  Zachariah  Hood, 
who  happened  to  be  in  London  at  the  time  the  stamp  act  was  passed, 
and  who,  thus  early  at  court,  and  too  far  from  home  to  know  the  dangers 
of  the  office  he  desired  to  fill,  sought  and  received  the  royal  gift. 
McMahon  photographs  him  in  one  sentence  :  "'He  was  a  willing  instru- 
ment in  the  hands  of  a  tyrannical  ministry  for  the  oppression  of  the 
people  amongst  whom  he  was  born  and  had  lived." 

The  announcement  of  this  appointment  was  made  in  a  letter  from 
London,  published  in  the  Gazdiv  of  August  23nd,  1765.  ''We  are 
credibly  informed,"  says  the  writer.  ''thatZ h  H d,  late  a  so- 
journing merchant  of  the  city  of  Annapolis  :  but.   at  present,  Z h 

H d,  at  St.  James',  has,  forliis  many  eminent  services  to  the  King 

and  country  during  the  late  war,  got  the  commission  of  Distributor  of 
the  stamps  of  that  province.  This  gentleman's  conduct  is  highly  ap- 
proved of  here  by  all  Court-cringing  politicians,  since  he  is  supposed 
to  have  wisely  considered  that  if  his  country  must  be  stamped,  the 
blow  would  be  easier  borne  from  a  native,  than  a  foreignei-.  who  might 
not  be  acc[uainted  with  their  manners  and  institutions." 

On  the  arrival  of  Hood  in  the  latter  part  of  August,  or  the  first  of 
September,  with  his  stamps,  he  was  met  at  the  City  Dock  by  the  citi- 
zens of  Annapolis  who  had  re])aired  in  a  body  to  resist  his  landing.  In 
this  they  were  successful,  and,  in  the  scuffle  which  ensued,  Mr. 
Thomas  McXeir  had  his  thigh  broken — the  first  patriot  injured  in  the 
struggle  for  An.erican  rights.  The  names  of  two  others  only  who 
took  part  in  this  rally  for  liberty  have  come  down  to  us.  They  were 
Mr.  Charles  Farris  and  Mr.  Abraham  Claude — the  latter,  the  grand- 
father of  our  estimable  Mayor,  Dr.  Abram  Claude.  'I'he  landing,  pre- 
vented at   the   City  Dock,  was   clandestinely  made  at  another  point. 


150  "TheAncientCity.'' 

Foiled  ill  one  assault,  the  people  made  another.  On  the  night  of  Sep- 
tember 2nd,  three  or  four  hundred  people  assembled  in  Annapolis, 
and  pulled  down  a  house  which  Hood  was  having  repaired  for  the  re- 
ception of  a  cargo  of  goods.  Terrified  at  such  suggestive  proceedings 
at  the  hands  of  his  former  friends  a'.;d  the  populace  generally.  Hood 
intimated  to  Governor  Sharpe  that  if  he  thought  that  his  resignation 
as  stamp  distributor  would  reconcile  his  countrymen  to  him,  and  would 
advise  him  to  take  that  step,  he  would  throw  up  the  commission  of 
his  tormenting  office.  Governor  Sharpe  was  imwilling  to  take  this  re- 
sponsibility, and,  as  Hood  and  his  relations  felt  that  he  would  not  be 
safe  in  his  or  the  Governor's  house,  he  retired  "for  a  few  weeks  to 
New  York."  Before  he  went,  however,  he  declared  the  office  had 
been  solicited  by  Thomas  Ringgold,  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from 
Kent.  Ringgold  indignantly  denied  this  by  advertisement  in  public 
print,  and  said  if  the  office  had  been  asked  for  him  by  any  one,  it  was 
without  his  knowledge.  In  the  same  issue  of  the  (gazette,  Benjamin 
"Welsh  gave  public  notice  that  he  would  "pay  no  tax  whatever  but 
what  is  laid  upon  me  by  my  representative." 

Hood  did  not  purchase  peace  by  flight.  On  the  38th  of  November, 
a  party  of  citizens  of  the  neighborhood,  surroinided  the  house  on  Long 
Island,  in  which  Hood  was  concealed.  As  escape  was  impossible,  he 
"endeavored  to  excuse  his  conduct  and  desired  liberty  to  relate  his 
case,  and  read  the  letters  he  had  wrote  to  reconcile  himself  to  his  in- 
censed country.  The  request  was  granted.  He  said  that  some  con- 
siderable service  that  he  had  done  or  designed  his  country,  together 
with  his  long  absence  from  it  and  his  friends,  en  his  late  return  from 
England  to  Maryland,  had  given  him  expectations  of  the  most  agree- 
able and  endearing  reception,  and  the  pleasing  views  of  a  genteel  sub- 
sistence for  life.  But  that  on  his  arrival  he  was  every  way  so  totally 
disappointed  that  he  was  really  an  object  of  compassion  rather  than- 
resentment — that  he  was  obliged  to  leave  all  his  affairs  in  the  greatest 
confusion  and  fly  for  the  preservation  of  his  life.  That  his  absence 
had  occasioned  great  losses,  and  that  his  life  was  still  in  danger  should 
he  ofter  to  return.  That  he  had  been  in  a  state  of  continual  painful 
anxiety  ever  since  his  arrival  in  America,  that  even  his  enemies  might 
pity."  He  begged  that  he  might  resign  upon  his  honor,  without 
oath,  and  "that  he  might  be  allowed  to  hold  his  office  if  his  country- 
men might  hereafter  desire  it."  Neither  request  was  granted,  and 
under  threat  of  being  delivered  to  the  multitude,  Hood  agreed  to  exe- 
cute, and  subsequently,  did,  under  oath,  a  complete  and  abject  resig- 
nation. 

The  mob,  its  indignation  now  changed  to  gratification,  cheered  Hood 
and  invited  him  to  an  entertainment  which  he  very  naturally  declined 
on  the  ground  that  "he  was  in  such  a  frame  of  body  and  mind  that  he 
would  be  unhapi)y  in  any  company." 

Whilst  the  Annapolis  stamp-officer  was  undergoing  such  severe 
treatment  in  New  York,  the  citizens  of  his  native  place  remained  as 
sincerely  in  earnest  in  their  intention  never  to  submit  to  the  stamp- 
act  as  when  they  met  Hood  on  the  wharf  of  the  Citv  Dock  and  pre- 
vented his  landing. 

On  the  31st  of  October,  a  supplement  to  the  Maryland  Gazette  ap- 
peared in  dee])  mourning.     The  editor  announced  his  intention  of  sus- 


History  of   Annapolis.  151 

■pending  jiublication,  rather  than  submit  to  tlie  "intolerable  and  Inir- 
ihensome  terms,"  imposed  on  all  newspapers  by  the  stamp-act,  de- 
claring, "The  times  are  Dreadful,  Dismal,  Doleful,  Dolorous,  and 
Dollerless." 

On  the  10th  of  December,  "an  apparition  of  the  late  Maryland 
Gazette^'  appeared,  the  editor  determining  to  resurrect  his  paper 
"under  the  firm  belief  that  the  odious  stamp-act  would  never  be  car- 
ried into  operation."  He  announced  that  the  Gazette  "shall  be,  as  it 
had  been,  sacred  to  liberty  and  consequently  to  virtue,  religion,  and 
the  good  and  welfare  of  its  country."  Here  was  a  noble  example  of 
the  fearless  and  conscientious  editor  who,  whilst  receiving  the  patron- 
age of  the  crown  offices,  boldly  defended  the  rights  of  the  people. 

The  attacks  of  the  Gazette  upon  Parliament  were  incessant,  and 
came  often  in  pithy  paragraphs  and  pointed  allusions  that  carried 
greater  weight  than  extended  arguments. 

The  final  passage  of  the  stamp-act  it  had  conveyed  to  the  people  in 
this  paragraph  :  "Friday  evening  last,  between  nine  and  ten  o'clock, 
we  had  a  very  smart  thunder  gust,  which  struck  a  house  in  one  part 
of  the  town,  and  a  tree  in  another.  But  we  were  more  tlmnderstrucli, 
last  Monday,  on  the  arrival  of  Capt.  Joseph  Richardson,  in  the  ship 
Pitt,  in  six  weeks  from  Downs,  with  a  certain  account  of  the  stamp-act 
being  absolutely  passed." 

The  people  of  Maryland  had  never  intended  to  submit  to  the  stamp- 
;act,  and  this  determination  culminated  in  March,  1766,  when  the 
"Sons  of  Libektv,"  from  Baltimore,  Kent  and  Anne  Arundel  coun- 
ties met  at  Annapolis  and  made  a  written  application  to  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Provincial  Court,  the  Secretary  and  Commissary-Gen- 
eral, and  Judges  of  the  Land  Office,  to  open  their  respective  offices. 
and  to  proceed  as  usual  in  the  execution  of  their  duties.  This  request 
was  granted  and  the  stamp-act  became  a  rigid  corpse  in  Maryland. 

The  presence  of  his  Majesty  Sloop  Hawke,  which  arrived  in  Decem- 
ber, 1765,  with  the  stamped  paper  for  Maryland,  did  not  cool  the 
ardor  of  the  patriots.  There  was  no  person  to  receive  the  paper,  and 
'Governor  Sharpe  had  ignominiously  to  return  three  boxes  of  it  to  Eng- 
land by  a  merchant  ship,  the  Brandon,  Capt.  McLachlan,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1766. 

Hood  himself  afterward  returned  to  Annapolis  and  conducted  busi- 
ness without  molestation. 

On  the  5th  of  April,  1766,  the  glad  news  was  received  by  express 
that  the  stamp-act  had  been  repealed.  The  city  responded  to  the 
good  tidings,  and  the  afternoon  was  spent  by  the  people  in  mirth  and 
congratulations,  iu  which  "all  loyal  and  patriotic  toasts  were  drank." 

On  the  11th  of  June,  by  pruclamation  of  the  Mayor,  the  day  was 
given  over  to  rejoicing  and  festivity  on  account  of  the  "glorious 
news"  of  the  absolute  repeal  of  the  stamp -act.  At  night  the  city  was 
brilliantly  illuminated. 

[1765.]  A  few  nights  after  the  mob  destroyed  Mr.  Hood's  intended 
residence  in  Annapolis,  a  British  officer  and  a  Mr.  Hammond  had  a 
dispute  about  their  prowess.  Midnight  was  the  hour,  a  public  house 
the  place,  a  large  company  the  spectators.  The  disputants  agreed  to 
decide  the  debate  by  a  bout  at  boxmg.  IMr.  Hammnud  was  worsted, 
and  so  much  so  tliat  he  had  to  Irave  the  company.      Tliereupon  a  cry 


l.-,2  ''The  Ancient   City." 

arose  that  Mr.  llamnioud  had  been  killed  liy  the  officers.  Whereupon 
a  mob  gathered,  and  tlie  British  officers  of  the  Hornet,  it  seems  lying  off 
the  town,  were  in  danger  of  being  murdered  upon  the  strength  ot  the 
fal'JC  cry.  The  gentlemen  of  the  town  interferred.  and  the  partici- 
pants in  the  mob  were  afterward  ashamed  to  acknowledge  their  con- 
nection with  it. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 

(iov.  Eden,  of  Maryland,  the  Last  English  Gov- 
ernor TO  Leave  the  Kevolted  Cot,onies. 

1769—1776. 

Robert  Eden  became  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1760,  under  the 
grant  of  Cliarles  the  First  to  Lord  Baltimore.  He  was  alike"-  the  last 
of  the  proprietary  Governors  of  Maryland  and  the  last  English  Gov- 
ernor to  leave  tlie  revolted  Colonies.  It  was  under  his  hospitable 
roof  that  Wa-^hingtou  was  guest  when  at  Annapolis  and  where  he 
displayed  that  native  dignity  in  conversation  and  broad  liberality  in 
opinion  which  so  eminently  distinguished  his  lofty  character. 

It  was  in  the  lovely  month  of  .June  when  Gov.  Eden  landed.  At 
this  season  the  picturesque  scenery  of  Annapolis  is  particularly  beauti- 
ful. Oil  the  fifth  of  the  month  the  ship  bearing  Gov.  Eden,  wife,  and 
family  arrived  in  the  harbor.  On  coming  to  anchor  the  ship  fired 
seven  guns  which  number  was  returned  by  the  citziens.  In  the 
afternoon  when  the  Governor  landed  he  was  met  by  all  the  memliers 
of  the  Govei-nor's  Council  then  in  town,  and  a  great  number  of  citi- 
zens, the  guns  of  the  battery  making  the  Severn  resound  with  its 
salvo  of  welcome.  On  Tuesday  morning,  about  ten  o'clock,  he  went 
up  to  the  CO  uicil  house,  attended  by  his  lordship's  honorable  council, 
where  his  CDmmission  was  open  and  published. 

Th  '  royal  (Tovernor  was  a  gentlemen,  "easy  of  access,  courteous  to 
all,  and  fascinating  by  his  accomplishments,"  and  so  too  Mr.  William 
Hddis  round  liim.  for  when  he  arrived  in  Annapolis,  September  o'rd, 
1769.  to  take  the  position  of  English  Collector  of  Customs  and  made 
his  a}ipearance  before  the  Governor.  He  says  :  "My  reception  was 
equal  to  my  warmest  wishes.  The  deportment  of  Governor  Eden 
was  open  and  friendly.  He  invited  me  to  meet  a  party  at  dinner,  and 
I  to')k  leave  till  the  appointed  hour,  with  a  heart  replete  with  joy  and 
gratitude.  On  my  return  to  the  Governor,  he  introduced  me,  in 
t,he  most  obliging  terms,  to  several  persons  of  the  highest  respecta- 
bility in  the  province.  He  treated  me  with  the  utmost  kindness  and 
cordiality  ;  assured  me  of  his  strongest  disposition  to  advance  my  fu- 
ture prosperity  and  gave  an  unlimited  invitation  to  his  hospitable 
table." 


HiSTOKYOF  Annapolis.  153 

Not  only  to  the  select  circle  of  a  private  eoinpauy  of  his  intimate 
friends  did  Governor  Eden  dispense  his  generous  hospitality,  but  when 
the  little  city  appeared  in  all  its  splendor  on  the  anniversary  of  the 
proprietary's  birth,  he  "gave  a  grand  entertainment  on  the  occasion 
to  a  numerous  party  ;  the  company  brought  with  them  every  disposi- 
tion to  render  each  other  hapi)y  :  and  the  festivities  concluded  with 
i-ards,  and  dancing  which  engaged  the  a'^tention  of  their  respective 
^otaries  till  an  early  hour." 

Although  the  Grovernor  led  in  the  festivities  of  the  province,  he  was 
not  unmindful  of  the  weightier  cares  of  State.  Mr.  Eddis,  who 
^poke  with  the  unction  cf  a  grateful  heart  and  sanguine  temperament 
said  of  him:  "'He  appears  competent  to  the  discharge  of  hisirapor- 
vant  duty.  Not  only  in  the  summer.  l)ut  during  the  extreme  rigour 
of  an  American  winter,  it  is  his  custom  to  rise  early  ;  till  the  hoiir  of 
dinner  he  devotes  the  whole  of  his  time  to  provincial  concerns  ;  the 
meanest  individual  obtains  an  easy  and  immediate  access  to  his  person  : 
he  investigates,  with  accuracy,  the  complicated  duties  of  his  station  ; 
and  discovers,  upon  every  occasion,  alacrity  in  the  dispatch  of  busi- 
ness ;  and  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  relative  connexions  of  the 
country." 

Not  only  was  Gov.  Eden  moved  by  motives  of  principle  and  personal 
welfare  to  promote  the  well-being  of  the  province,  but  being  a  brother- 
in-law  of  Lord  Baltimore,  his  family  interests  urged  him  to  make  the 
commonwealth  pi'osperous.  He  was  not  wanting  in  any  public  enter- 
prise to  further  the  happiness  of  the  province.  A  patron  of  the 
drama,  it  was  by  his  liberal  example,  sufficient  funds  wei'e  raised  to 
erect  a  theatre  in  Annapolis  on  a  commodious  plan.  He  was  beside 
the  friend  of  education,  and  through  his  exertions  a  Seminary  was  es- 
tablished "which  as  it  will  be  conducted  under  excUent  regulations, 
will  shortly  preclude  the  necessity  of  crossing  the  Atlantic  for  the 
completion  of  a  classical  and  |)olite  education." 

In  June,  1774.  Governor  Eden  made  a  visit  to  England.  He  re- 
turned early  in  November. 

Tn  the  meantime  the  Peggy  Stewart  had  been  burned. 

On  the  8th  of  November,  Eddis  wrote  :  "The  Governor  is  returned 
to  a  land  of  trouble.  He  arrived  about  ten  this  morning  in  perfect 
health.  He  is  nf)w  c  )'nm'^ncod  an  actor  on  a  busy  theatre  :  his  part 
a  truly  critical  o'lc.  To  stem  the  popular  torrent,  and  to  conduct  his 
measures  with  consistency,  will  require  the  exertion  of  all  his  faculties. 
The  present  times  demand  superior  talents,  and  his,  I  am  persuaded, 
will  be  invariably  directed  to  promote  the  general  good.  Hitherto 
Ids  co::duct  has  secured  to  hi  n  a  well-merited  popularity  ;  and  his  re- 
turn to  the  province  has  been  expected  with  an  impatience  which  suf- 
ficiently evinces  the  sentiments  of  the  public  in  his  favor." 

The  bearing  of  the  Governor  during  this  trying  period  is  desi-ribed 
by  his  ever  faithful  admirer,  Eddis,  who,  Marcli  13, 177o,  wrote — "It 
is  withpleasure  I  am  able  to  assert,  that  a  greater  degree  of  modera- 
tion appears  to  predominate  in  this  province,  than  in  any  other  on  the 
continent,  and  I  am  perfectly  assured  we  are  very  materially  indebted 
for  this  peculiar  advantage  to  the  collected  and  consistent  conduct  of 
ovir  Governor,  whose  views,fippear  solely  directed  to  advance  the  in- 
terests of  the  community  ;  and  to  preserve,  by  every  possilile  method, 
the  public  tranquility," 


•154  ' 'The  A  NC  lENT  City.  '' 

On  May  l-J,  Mr.  Eddis  wrote;  "The  Governor  continues  to  stand 
.fair  with  tlio  i)eople  of  this  province  ;  our  public  prints  declare  him 
to  be  the  only  person,  in  his  station,  who,  in  these  tumultuous  times, 
has  given  the  administration  a  fair  and  impartial  representation  of  im- 
portant occurrences  ;  and  I  can  assert,  with  the  strictest  regard  to 
truth,  that  he  conducts  himself  in  his  arduous  department,  with  an 
invariable  attention  to  the  interest  of  his  royal  master,  and  the  es- 
sential welfare  of  the  province  over  which  he  has  the  honor  to  pre- 
side." 

When  the  regulation  went  forth  that  all  must  join  the  association 
against  British  importation  and  for  kindred  measures  of  opposition, 
Gov.  Eden  and  his  family  alone  were  accepted. 

September  26th,  Mr.  Eddis  found  the  Governor  in  company  with  a 
few  select  loyal  friends  ;  where  "political  occurrences  engrossed  their 
conversation  in  which  hope  appeared  to  operate  but  weakly,  with  re- 
spect to  the  eventful  transactions  of  the  times." 

There  was  one  proof  in  spite  of  the  Governor's  title  and  popularity, 
that  he,  after  all,  was  but  a  royal  prisoner  with  a  show  of  authority — 
all  his  letters  had  to  pass  the  ordeal  of  examination  by  the  piovincial 
authorities.  He  continued,  however,  "to  receive  every  external  mark 
of  attention  and  respect :  while  the  steady  proi)riety  of  his  conduct 
in  many  trying  exigencies,  reflected  the  utmost  credit  on  his  modera- 
tion and  understanding." 

But  the  times  were  growing  too  troublous  for  matters  to  remain  in 
this  placid  state  with  the  Governor.  In  the  early  part  of  April,  1776, 
a  vessel  containing  a  packet  of  letters  from  Lord  George  Germaine, 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  American  Department,  was  seized  by  an 
armed  vessel  in  the  provincial  service. 

Lord  George  Germaine' s  letters  acknowledged  the  important  infor- 
mation which  the  administration  had  received  from  the  governor,  who 
was  assured  "of  his  Majesty's  entire  approbation  of  his  conduct  ;  and 
was  directed  to  proceed  in  the  line  of  his  duty  with  all  possible  ad- 
dress and  activity." 

This  packet  was  forwarded  to  General  Lee,  who  had  the  command 
of  the  southern  district,  by  whom  it  was  immediately  dispatched  to 
IMaryland,  with  a  strong  recommendation  to  seize  the  person  of  the 
governor,  together  with  all  papers  and  documents  of  office  ;  by  which 
it  was  pT'csuraed  some  important  discoveries  would  be  made  of  minis- 
terial intentions. 

The  council  of  safety  acted  on  this  critical  occasion  with  the  ut- 
most mxleration  and  delicacy.  Governor  Eden,  by  the  atlabilitv  of 
his  manners  and  his  evident  disposition  to  promote  the  interests  of 
the  province,  had  conciliated  universal  regard.  They,  therefore, 
avoided  jiroceeding  with  that  precipitate  vigour  so  strenuously  en- 
joined ;  and  only  required  him  to  give  his  parole,  that  he  would  not 
take  any  measures  for  leaving  the  continent,  till  after  the  meeting  of 
the  next  convention. 

This  requisition  the  governor,  for  some  time,  warmly  resisted  ;  but, 
on  conviction  that  the  measure  was  unavoidable,  he  thought  it  neces- 
sary to  comply  :  therefore,  on  the  sixteenth  of  April,  gave  every  satis- 
factory assurance.  t 

On  tlie  seventh  of  May,  the  convention  assembled,  and  on  the  2od, 
came  to  a  determination  respecting  the  Governor,  when  it  was 
resolved,  "that  his  longer  continuance  in  the  province,  at  so  critical 


History  of   Annapolis.  155 

■a  period,  might  !)C  prejudicial  to  the  cause  in  which  the  colonies  were 
unanimously  engaged  ;  and  that,  therefore,  his  immediate  departure 
for  England  was  absolutely  necessary. "  An  address  was  accordingly 
directed  to  be  drawn  up,  and  presented  to  his  excellency,  which  was 
delivered  to  him  the  next  evening  by  a  committee  of  that  Ijody. 

In  this  address  the  sentiments  of  the  convention  were  expressed  in 
libei'al  terms  :  they  acknowledged  the  services  re':dered  by  the  gover- 
nor to  the  country,  on  many  former  occasions  ;  and  they  expressed 
the  warmest  wishes,  that  ''when  the  unhappy  disputes  which  at  pres- 
ent prevail,  are  constitutionally  accommodated,  he  may  sjieedily  re- 
turn and  re-assume  the  reins  of  government." 

The  Continental  Congress  urged  the  seizure  of  Gov.  Eden's  person, 
and  the  Virginia  convention  passed  the  following  resolutions  against 
the  convention  of  Maryland  : 

"Resolved  unanimously.  That  the  Cnmmittee  of  Safety  be  directed 
to  write  a  letter  to  the  President  of  tlie  Convention  of  Maryland,  in 
answer  to  his  letter  of  the  twenty-fifth  instant,  expressing  the  deep- 
est concern  at  the  proceedings  of  that  Convention,  respecting  Gover- 
nor Eden  ;  and  our  reasons  for  not  l)ecoming  accessary  thereto,  by 
giving  him  a  passport  through  this  colony,  of  the  V)ay  adjoining  :  that 
we  would  with  reluctance,  in  any  cause,  intermeddle  in  the  affairs  of 
a  sister  colony.  l:)ut  in  this  matter  we  are  much  interested  ;  and  the 
Convention  of  Maryland,  by  sending  their  proceedings  to  the  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  has  made  it  the  duty  of  the  Convention,  to  declare 
their  sentiments  thereon. 

"That  considering  the  letter  from  Lord  George  Germaine  to  Gover- 
nor Eden,  in  which  his  whole  conduct,  and  confidential  letters  are  ap- 
proved :  and  he  is  directed  to  give  facility  and  assistance  to  the  ojoera- 
tion  of  Lord  Dunmore,  against  Virginia,  we  are  at  a  loss  to  account  for 
the  Council  of  Safety  of  Maryland,  for  their  having  neglected  to  seize 
him,  according  to  the  recommendation  of  the  general  Congress,  and 
more  so  for  the  Convention  having  promoted  his  passage,  to  assist  in 
our  destruction,  under  jjretence  of  his  retiring  r,o  England,  which  we 
conceive  from  the  above  letter,  he  is  not  at  liberty  to  do,  that  suppos- 
ing he  should  go  to  Britain  it  appears  to  i;s,  that  such  voyage,  with 
the  address  presented  to  him,  will  enable  him  to  assume  the  character 
of  a  public  agei^t,  and  by  promoting  division  amongst  the  colonies, 
produce  consequences  of  most  fatal  to  the  American  cause,  that  as 
the  reasons  assigned  for  his  departure:  "That  he  must  obey  the 
mhiisterial  mandates  while  remaining  in  his  government,"  are 
very    unsatisfactory,    when    the   Convention  declare,  that  "in  his 

.  absense,  the  government,  in  its  old  form,  will  devolve  on  the 
President  of  the  Council  of  State,"  who  will  be  under  equal 
obligation  to  ®bey  such  mandates.  We  cannot  avoid  imputing 
these  proceedings  to  some  undue  influence  of  Governor  Eden,  imder 
the  mask  of  friendship  to  America,  and  of  the  proprietary  in- 
terest of  Maryland,  whereby  the  members  of  that  Convention  were 
betrayed  into  a  vote  of  fatal  tendency  to  the  common  cause,  and.  we 
fear,  to  this  country  in  particular,  and  feel  it  an  indispensible  duty, 
to  warn  the  good  people  of  that  province  against  the   proprietary 

;  influence." 

"Edji.  1'endletox.  President. 
"John  Tazwell,  Clk.  Convention." 


l.)6  '-The  An <■  1 1: x t  City.'' 

The  iippeal  ol'  Virginia  to  seize  (lov.  Eden,  of  IMaryland.  added  to 
t  lie  violence  of  the  jieople  :  and  the  Whig  club  of  Baltimore  loudly 
jtroclaimed  the  absolute  necessity  to  capture  the  Governor,  as  a  pledge 
of  public  safely,  and  it  was  asserted  that  a  jjlan  was  in  agitation  to 
accomplish  that  purpose  in  defiance  of  the  legislature.  Gov.  Eden 
did  not  appear  concerned,  but  i-elied  on  the  honor  of  the  convention 
which  had  solemnly  jiledged  his  safe  departure. 

On  Sunday,  June  23,  f776,  the  frigate  Fowey,  ('apt.  George  Mon- 
tague, arrived  for  Gov.  Eden. -and  the  <3rst  Lieutentant  of  the  ship 
came  on  shore  with  a  flag  of  tnice.  Every  moment  now  brotight 
changes,  the  militia  were  under  arms,  and,  a  general  confusion  pre- 
vailed. 

Under  date  of  June  29.  1T76,  Mr.  Eddis  wrote  from  Annapolis  : 

'•Till  the  moment  of  the  governor's  embarkation  on  the  28d,  there 
was  every  reason  to  apprehend  a  change  of  disposition  to  his  prejudice. 
Some  few  were  even  clamorous  for  his  detention.  But  the  council  of 
safety,  who  acted  under  a  resolve  of  the  convention,  generously  rati- 
fied the  engagements  of  that  body  :  and  after  they  had  taken  an  af- 
fectionate leave  of  their  late  supreme  magistrate,  he  was  conducted 
to  the  barge  with  every  mark  of  respect  due  to  the  elevated  station 
he  had  so  worthily  filled. 

•'A  few  minutes  before  his  departure,  I  received  his  strict  injunc- 
I  ions  to  be  steady  and  cautious  in  the  regulation  of  my  conduct  :  and 
not  to  abandon  my  sitnatio^i.  on  any  consideration,  until  absolutely 
discharged  by  an  authority  which  might,  too  probably,  be  erected  on 
the  ruins  of  the  ancient  constitution.  I  promised  the  most  implicit 
attention  to  his  salutary  advice  ;  and  rendered  my  grateful  acknowl- 
edgements for  the  innumerable  obligations  he  had  conferred  on  me  ; 
at  the  same  time  I  offered  my  most  fervent  wishes  that  his  future  hap- 
piness might  be  full  proportion  to  the  integrity  of  his  conduct,  and 
the  benevolence  of  his  mind. 

•'In  about  an  hour  the  barge  reached  the  Fowey,  and  the  governor 
was  received  on  board  under  a  discharge  of  cannon  ;  his  baggage  and 
provisi.-ns  were  left  on  shore,  to  be  forwarded  in  the  course  of  the  en- 
suing day. 

"During  the  night,  some  servants,  and  a  soldier  belonging  to  the 
.Maryland  regiment,  found  means  to  escape  en  board  his  Majesty's 
ship,  which  being  almost  iumiediately  discovered,  a  flag  was  sent  off, 
with  a  message  to  Captahi  Montague,  demanding  the  restitution  of 
the  men,  previous  to  any  further  communication. 

'•Captain  Montague,  in  reply,  acquainted  the  c-ouneil  of  safety, 
•'that  he  could  not,  consistently  with  his  duty,  deliver  up  any  persons 
who,  as  subjects  of  his  Britann'ic  ^lajesty.  had  fled  to  him  for  refuge 
and  protection  :  he  had  strictly  given  it  "in  charge  to  such  officers  as 
might  be  sent  on  shore,  not  to  bring  off  any  of  the  inhabitants  with- 
out the  express  permission  of  the  ruling  p"owers;  but  that  the  case 
was  extremely  different  respecting  those  who  had,  even  at  hazard  of 
life,  given  evidence  of  their  attachment  tf)  the  ancient  constitution.' 

"This  message  not  being  deemed  satisfactory,  a  letter  was  dis- 
patched to  the  governor  demanding  his  interference  in  this  critical 
business,  \vith  an  intimation,  that  the  detention  of  the  men  would  be 
considered  as  a  manifest  breach  of  the  regulation  under  which  flags 
of  truce  are  established. 


History  o  i-"  A  x  x  a  p  o  l  i  s  .  157 

"Governor  Eden  received  the  oificer  which  proper  attention,  but  re- 
plied, he  had  only  to  observe,  that  on  board  his  Majesty's  ship,  he  had 
not  tlie  least  authority  ;  and  that  Captain  Montague  was  not  to  bi^ 
influenced  by  his  opinion,  as  he  acted  on  principles  which  he  con- 
ceived to  be  strictly  consistent  with  the  line  of  his  duty. 

"The  event  ot  this  negotiation  was  disagreeable  in  its  consequence 
to  the  governor.  The  populace  were  exceedingly  irritated,  and  it  was 
thought  expedient  not  only  to  prohibit  all  further  intercourse  with  the 
Fowey,  but  also  to  detain  the  various  stores  which  the  governor  had 
provided  for  his  voyage  to  Europe.  This  resolution  was  intimated  in 
express  terms  ;  and,  on  the  evening  of  the  24th,  Captain  Montagui; 
weighed  anchor,  and  stood  down  the-bay,  for  his  station  on  tlie  coast 
of  Virginia." 

The  property,  the  Governor  had  left  liehind,  was  confiscated.  In 
1783,  he  returned  to  Annapolis  to  obtain  the  restitution  of  his  prop- 
erty. He  died  soon  after  his  arrival  in  the  house  now  owned  and  oc- 
cupied Ijy  the  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  on  Shipwright  street.  He  was 
buried,  says  Mr.  Ridgely,  "under  the  pulpit  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
(m  the  north  side  of  Severn  within  two  or  three  miles  of  this  place. 
This  church  was  some  years  since  burned  down." 

I  have  tried  by  diligent  inquiry  to  locate  this  church.  The  nearest 
approach  to  the  truth  is  found  in  the  fact  that,  on  the  farm  of  Mrs. 
Winchester,  near  the  track  of  the  Annapolis  and  Baltimore  Short  Line 
Railroad,  is  an  ancient  graveyard — the  site  of  an  Episcopal  Church 
that  was  burned  down  nearly  a  hundred  years  ago.  There  is  a  grave 
in  this  cemetery,  marked  by  a  cross  of  bricks — and  the  tradition  is 
that  an  English  Lord  lies  buried  here.  It  would  not  take  many 
repetitions  of  oral  history  to  change  an  English  Governor  to  an  Eng- 
lish Lord. 


CHArTEK  XXX \\ 

Shipyards,  Race  Couese.s,  and  Indians. 

In  1747,  a  large  ship,  belonging  to  Mr.  William  Roberts,  was  built, 
launched,  and  called  after  the  names  of  its  builders  the  "IIumnky  and 
Long."  This  is  the  year  a  shipload  of  rebels  commonly  called  "tlie 
King's  passengers/'  were  lauded  in  Annapolis. 

The  first  shipyard,  of  which  there  is  any  record,  was  located  a  few 
feet  below  the  culvert  on  Northwest  street  where  it  crosses  Calvert. 
The  cove  then  made  up  beyond  the  jail.  Its  name  has  been  lost  and 
the  water  has  receded  a  c^uarter  of  a  mile  since  then. 

In  other  sections  of  the  city  the  water  has  given  place  to  land — 
notably  where  a  cove  came  up  Church  street  as  far  as  Mr.  James 
Munroe's  store,  and  there  is  a  lady  living  who  has  lieard  a  gentleman 
say  he  used  to  tie  his  boat  to  a  stake  driven  at  the  foot  of  Green  street. 


158  "TheAncientCity.'' 

Holland  street  and  the  property  adjacent  to  the  oyster-houses  between 
Prince  George  and  Hanover  streets  are  evidences  that  made  ground 
grows  very  fast  under  an  impetus  of  business  or  improvement. 

The  owner  of  tlie  Rumney  and  Long  built  and  lived  in  the  house 
now  owned  by  Mrs.  A.  Owen  Iglehart.  He  had  a  blacksmith's  shop 
north  of  his  residence,  on  whidi  was  a  steeple  in  which  was  the  only 
bell  of  the  city  until  St.  Anne's  arrived— the  one  tradition  says  was 
presented  by  Queen  Anne,  and  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1858. 
Below  this  shop  were  sailmakers'  lofts,  and  other  workshops  necessary 
in  shipbuilding.  Messrs.  Kirkwell  ana  Blackwell,  ship-builders,  were 
also  in  his  employ. 

Tradition  tells  us,  that  they  built  the  "Brig,  Lovely  Nancy"— at 
the  launch  of  which  the  follownig  incident  occurred  :  "She  was  on 
the  stocks,  and  the  day  appointed  to  place  her  on  her  destined  element, 
a  large  concourse  of  persons  assembled  to  witness  the  launch,  among 
whom  was  an  old  white  woman  named  Sarah  McDaniel,  who  professed 
fortune-telling,  and  was  called  'a  witch.'  She  was  heard  to  remark — 
'The  Lovely  Nancy  will  not  see  water  today.'  The  brig  moved 
finely  at  first,  and  when  expectation  was  at  its  height  to  see  her  glide 
into  the  water,  she  suddenly  stopped,  and  could  not  be  again  moved 
on  that  day.  This  occurrence  created  much  excitement  amongst  the 
spectators  ;  and  Captain  Slade  and  the  sailors  were  so  fully  persuaded 
that  she  had  been  'bewitched,'  that  they  resolved  to  duck  the  old 
woman.  In  the  meantime  she  had  disapjieared  from  the  crowd  :  they 
kept  up  the  search  for  two  or  three  days,,  during  which  time  she  lay 
concealed  in  a  house*" 

"The  'Lovely  Nancy,'  did  afterwards  leave  the  stocks,  and  is  said 
to  have  made  several  prosperous  voyages. 

"There  was,  at  a  later  period,  another  shipyard  on  the  Southwest 
side  of  the  city,  at  the  termination  of  Charles  street,  where  the  'Ma- 
tilda,' and  the  'Lady  Lee'  were  launched — the  first  was  owned  by 
Samuel  Chase,  Esq.,  and  the  latter  by  Governor  Lee."* 

At  the  foot  of  Maryland  Avenue,  about  1840,  Benjamin  Linthicum 
built  the  Severn,  a  large  schooner,  for  John  S.  Selby,  an  Annapolis 
merchant.  It  was  a  very  fine  vessel.  Ship-building  has  since  gradually 
declined  in  Annapolis.  There  was  a  small  shipyard  near  the  North- 
east side  of  the  dock  in  which  bay  craft  were  built,  and  one  on  the 
Southwest  side.  The  first  commenced  about  the  year  1850,  and  con- 
tinued to  1860.  It  was  also  owned  by  Benjamin  Linthicum.  The 
Marine  Railway,  now  owned  by  Haller  and  Matzon,  was  the  out- 
growth and  continuance  of  Linthicum's  shipyard. 

About  1750,  a  jockey  club  was  established  at  Annapolis,  consisting 
of  many  "principal  gentlemen  in  this,  and  in  the  adjacent  provinces, 
many  of  whom  in  order  to  encourage  the  breed  of  the  noble  animal, 
imported  from  England,  at  a  very  great  expense,  horses  of  high  repu- 
tation." This  club  existed  for  many  years.  "The  races  at  Annapo- 
lis were  generally  attended  by  a  great  concourse  of  spectators,  many 
coming  from  the  adjoining  colonies.  Considerable  sums  were  bet  on 
these  occasions.  Subscription  purses  of  a  hundred  guineas  were  for  a 
long  time  the  highest  amount  run  for,  but  subsequently  were  greatly 
mcreased.  The  day  of  the  races  usually  closed  with  balls,  or  theatri- 
cal amusements."    The  race  course  at  "this  time  and  for  many  years 

•  Annals  of  Annapolis,  p.  119. 


History  of  Annapolis.  153 • 

after,  was  located  on  that  part  of  the  city  just  beyond  Mr.  Severe's 
blacksmith  shop,  embracing  a  circle  of  one  mile,  taking  in  all  that- 
portion  of  the  town  now  occupied  by  the  Annapolis,  Washington  and 
Baltimore  railroad  depot  and  the  lands  adjacent. 

Severe's  blacksmith  shop  stood  where  Henry  B.  Myers'  feed  ware- 
house and  coal  yard,  on  Calvert  street,  are  now  located. 

On  the  20th  of  September,  in  1750,  a  race  was  run  on  this  course 
between  governor  Ogle's  Bay  Gelding,  and  Col.  Plater's  Grey  Stallion, 
and  won  by  the  former.  For  next  day  six  horses  started,  Mr.  Waters' 
horse  Parrott,  winning,  distancing  several  of  the  running  horses.  "On 
the  same  ground  some  years  after.  Dr.  Hamilton's  'horse  Figure.'  won 
a  purse  of  fifty  pistoles — beating  two,  and  distancing  three  others. 
'Figure'  was  a  horse  of  great  reputation — it  is  stated  of  him  that,  "he 
had  won  many  fifties — and  in  the  year  1763,  to  have  received  pre- 
miums at  Preston  and  Carlisle,  in  Old  England,  where  no  horse  would 
enter  against  him — he  never  lost  a  race."  Subsequently,  the  race 
course  was  removed  to  a  field  some  short  distance  beyond  the  city,  on 
which  course  some  of  the  most  celebrated  horses  ever  known  in  America 
have  run.  It  was  on  this  latter  course  that  Mr.  Bevans'  bay  horse 
''Oscar,"  so  renowned  in  the  annals  of  the  turf,  first  ran.  Oscar  was- 
bred  on  Mr.  Ogle's  farm  near  this  city — he  won  many  races,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1808,  it  is  well  remembered,  he  beat  Mr.  Bond's  "First 
Consul"  on  the  Baltimore  course,  who  had  challenged  the  continent — • 
running  the  second  heat  in  7  m.  40  s.,  which  speed  had  never  been 
excelled. t 

"Old  Ranter"  was  "Oscar's"  great,  great,  grand  sire. 

To  these  races  Gen.  Washington  used  to  repair,  and  in  his  diary 
naively  recounts  his  gains  on  the  bets  on  the  successful  pacers. 

These  stirring  seasons  have  long  since  ceased  to  occur — and  the 
memory  of  them  no  more  excites  the  garrulity  of  tradition.  In  1884, 
an  attempt  was  made  to  revive  the  race  course,  in  conjunction  with 
agricultural  fair  grounds  ;  but  the  effort  was  abortive. 

Twenty-one  years  later,  1771,  "The  Saint  Tamina  Society, "  was  in- 
augurated in  Annapolis,  and  continued  its  anniversary  celebrations  for 
many  years.  The  first  day  of  May  was  set  apart  in  memory  of  "Saint 
Tamina,"  whose  history,  like  those  of  other  venerable  saints,  is  lost 
in  fable  and  uncertainty.  It  was  usual  on  the  morning  of 'this  day, 
for  the  members  of  the  society  to  erect  in  some  public  situation  in  the 
city,  a  "May- pole,"  and  to  decorate  it  in  a  most  tasteful  manner, 
with  wild  flowers  gathered  from  the  adjacent  woods,  and  forming 
themselves  in  a  ring  around  it,  hand  in  hand,  perform  the  Indian  war 
dance,  with  many  other  customs  which  they  had  seen  exhibited  by 
the  children  of  the  forest.  It  was  also  usual  on  this  day  for  such  of 
the  citizens,  who  chose  to  enter  into  the  amusement,  to  wear  a  piece  of 
buck's-tail  in  their  hats,  or  in  some  conspicuous  part  of  their  dress. 

"The  first  lottery  drawn  in  this  province,"  was  at  Annapolis,  on 
the  21st  September,  1753,  for  the  purchase  of  a  "town  clock,  and 
clearing  the  dock. ' '  The  highest  prize  100  pistoles — tickets  half  a  pis- 
tole. The  managers  were  Benjamin  Tasker,  Jr.,  George  Stewart, 
Walter  Dulany,  and  ten  other  gentlemen  of  this  place. 

On  the  11th  of  August,  of  this  year,  Horatio  Sharpe,  Esq.,  governor 
of  the  province,  arrived  here,  in  the  ship  Molly,  Captain  Nicholas 
Coxen,  from  London. 

t  Ridgely's  Annals  of  Annapolis. 


.(JO  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

In  Sopiember.  (175:5,)  several  Gompanies  andcr  the  com  maud  of 
Oaptaiu  Dagworthy.  rJeiitenants  Forty  and  Bacon,  marched  from  Ai.i- 
luipoli.s  .-igamst  the'Fronch  on  the  Ohio. 

On  tlio  M  April,  IToO,  General Eraddock,  Governor  Dinwiddie  and 
nomniodore  Keppel  arrived  here,  on  their  way  to  Virginia.  On 
rho  tlihuiid  l'2thof  tlie  same  month,  there  arrived  Governor  Sherley,  of 
lloston,  Governor  De  Lancy,  of  New  York,  and  Governor  Morris,  of 
Plhhidelphia,  with  a  number  of  distinguished  gentlemen.  They  left 
here  accompanied  by  Governor  Siiarpc,  for  Alexandria,  and  on  the  ITth 
tliey  returned  to  Annapolis  on  their  way  to  their  respective  govern- 
iucnts.  A  few  days  after,  Governor  Sharpe  set  out  for  Frederick 
Town. 

This  period,  which  just  preceded  the  defeat  of  General  Braddoek, 
near  Fort  Du  Queen,  appears  to  have  been  a  busy  time  with  their  ex- 
cellencies. 

On  the  29th  of  September,  of  this  year.  Dr.  Charles  Carroll  departcil 
this  hfe,  aged  sixty-four  years— he  had  resided  in  Annapolis  about 
forty  years.  For  some  years  after  his  coming  to  this  city,  he  •  -practisec  1 
physic  with  good  success ;  but  laying  that  aside,  he  commenced  trade 
and  merchandise,  by  which  he  amassed  a  very  considerable  fortune." 
In  1737,  he  was  chosen  a  member  to  the  Lower  House  of  Assembly, 
in  which  station  he  is  said  to  have  spared  no  pains  or  application  to 
render  hiiuself  serviceable  to  the  country  and  his  constituents,  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  is  represented  to  have  been '"a  gentleman  of 
good  sense  and  breeding,  courteous  and  affable,"  and  was  held  inhigii 
esteem  by  his  fellow -citizens.  Dr.  Carroll  owned  all  of  the  ground  on 
the  lower  part  of  Church  street,  on  the  South  side,  extending  back  to 
the  Duke  of  Gloucester  street. 

Mr.  Green  says  in  his  Gazette  of  the  Gth  of  November,  of  this  year, 
"we  are  now  about  entrenching  the  town.  If  the  gentlemen,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Annapolis,  were  to  send  their  forces  to  assist  in  it,  a 
few  days  would  complete  the  work." 

This  measure,  it  would  seem,  was  taken  by  the  citizens,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  "dreadful  murders  and  massacres"  committed 
by  the  French  and  Indians  upon  the  border  country,  and  se- 
rious apin-cheusions  were  entertained  by  the  inhabitants  that 
Annapolis  would  fall  into  the  hands  of  their  "politic,  cruel,  and 
cunning  enemies."  It  was  asserted  by  a  writer  for  the  Gazette, 
that  the  Indians  "were  but  little  way  from  the  city,  and  that  so  entire 
was  their  defenceless  situation,  that  even  a  small  party  of  twenty  or 
thirty  Indians,  by  marching  in  the  night  and  skulking  in  the  day 
time,  might  come  upon  tliem  unawares  in  the  dead  of  night,  burii 
their  houses,  and  cut  their  throats,  before  they  could  put  themselves 
in  a  posture  of  defence."  Other  writers  of  tile  day,  seemed  to  think 
that  there  was  no  more  danger  of  "Annapolis  being  attacked  by  the 
Indiausthan  Loudon."  The  fears  of  the  inhabitants  were  soon  quieted, 
by  the  return  of  several  gentlemen  who  had  gone  as  volunteers  to  the 
westward,  and  who  reported  they  had  seen  no  Indians,  except  one. 
and  he  was  "very  quiet,"  for  they  found  him  dead. 

The  last  Indians  to  visit  Annapolis  lived  on  the  Potomac  river. 
Their  name  has  not  come  down  to  us.  They  exchanged  their  lands 
with  the  Calvert  family  for  lands  in  Baltimore  county  where  game  was 
more   plentiful,  and,  as  the  white  population  advanced,  the  tribe  re- 


History  of  Axwapolis, 


161 


■tired  to  the  Susquehanna.  The  Eastern  shore  tribes  occasionally 
visited  Annapolis,  and  as  late  as  1840,  there  where  some  few  residents 
of  Annapolis  who  remembered  the  visits  of  King  Abraham  and  his 
(Queen  Sarah. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 
The  Third  State  House  in  Annapolis. 

1772—1887. 


The  Third  State  House.     Corner  Stone  laid  March  28,  1772. 

In  1769,  the  Legislature  appropriated  £7,500  sterling  to  build  the 
present  State  House.  The  building  committee  was  Daniel  Dulany, 
I'horaas  Johnson,  John  Hall,  William  Paca,  Charles  Carroll,  Barris- 
ter, Lancelot  Jacques,  and  Charles  Wallace.  The  majority  were  em- 
^wered  to  contract  with  workmen,  and  to  purchase  raaterisils,  and 
were  authorized  to  draw  on  the  dual  treasurers  of  the  State  for  what- 
ever further  sums  might  be  required  to  complete  the  building. 

The  foundation  stone  of  the  State  House  was  laid  on  the  28th  of 
March,  1772,  by  Governor  Eden. 

In  1773,  a  copper  roof  was  put  on  the  State  House,  and  in  1775, 
•this  roof  was  blown  oflf.  The  Market  House  of  the  city  was  demolished 
•by  the  same  equinoctial  gale,  during  which  the  tide  rose  three  feet 
perpendicularly  above  the  common  level. 

The  dome  was  not  added  to  the  State  House  until  after  the  revolu- 
4;  ion. 

11 


87 


1(^2  ''The  Ancient   City.'' 

The  dimensions  of  the  State  House  are : 

Feet. 

Prom  the  platform  to  the  cornice,  about ^^ 

"  "  cornice  to  top  of  arc,  of  roof 23 

"  "  top  of  the  roof  to  the  cornice  of  the  facade  of  the 

dome ' ^0 

"  "  cornice  to  the  band  above  the  elliptical  windows. .  24 

This  terminates  the  view  internally 113 

From  the  band  to  the  balcony 22 

Heii^ht  of  the  turret 17 

From  the  cornice  of  the  turret  to  the  floor  of   the  campa- 

nelle,  or  lantern     ....    6 

Height  of  the  campanelle,  or  lantern 14 

Height  of  the  pedestal  and  acorn 10 

Height  of  the  spire 18- 

Entire  height,  200 

Diameter  of  the  dome,  at  its  base  40 

do.       balcony 30 

do.       turret ••     17 

do.       campanelle,  or  lantern 10 

do.       acorn 3  8  in. 

Length  of  the  front  of  the  building 130 

Depth,  (exclusive  of  the  octagon.) 82 

The  architect  was  Joseph  Clarke.  Thomas  Dance  who  executed  the 
stucco  and  fresco  work,  fell  from  the  scaffold  just  as  he  had  finished 
the  centre  piece,  and  was  killed. 

The  State  House  is  situated  upon  a  marked  elevation  in  the  centre 
of  Annapolis.  The  eminence  rises  in  gradual  terraces  to  the  edifice, 
which,  though  simple  in  architecture,  has  a  lofty  and  majestic  ap- 
pearance, and  has  in  all  times  "elicited  alike  the  admiration  of  the 
citizen,  the  sojourner,  and  the  stranger  for  the  beauty  of  its  structure. ' ' 
The  main  building  is  of  brick,  the  dome  of  wood.  From  the  dome 
of  the  State  House,  125  feet  from  the  top  of  the  Hill,  a  most  delight- 
ful view  is  obtained.  The  majestic  Chesapeake  and  a  hundred  tribu- 
taries, their  bosoms  covered  with  endless  varieties  of  busy  water  craft ; 
the  ancient  city  ;  its  environs  ;  the  Naval  Academy — its  ships  of  war  ; — 
the  contiguous  country  with  its  sloping  hills  and  variegated  plains,  for 
an  extent  of  thirty  miles,  gratify  the  eye  of  the  delighted  spectator. 

The  main  entrance  of  the  State  House  is  through  a  modest  porch, 
facing  southeast.  It  opens  into  a  spacious  hall,  beautifully  ornamented 
with  stucco  work  which  was  made  from  plaster  brought  from  St. 
Mary's  county. 

On  the  right  hand  is  the  Senate  Chamber,  30  l)y  40  feet.  Its  ceiling 
and  walls  are  handsomely  ornamented,  and  rich  carpets  cover  its 
floors.  It  has  accommodations  for  twenty-six  Senators,  and  a  contracted 
lobby  gives  room  for  a  small  number  of  auditors.  Porti-aits  at  full 
length  of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  Samuel  Chase,  William  Paca, 
and  Thomas  Stone,  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  from 
Maryland,  adorn  the  walls. 

In  1876,  this  chamber  was  improved  by  order  of  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works.  The  old  gallery  that  linked  the  room  with  the  great  past 
was  torn  down  and  carried  to  the  cellar,  and  the  State  acquiesced  in  a 
profanation  it  had  never  ordered. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  163 

In  the  room  adjoining  the  Senate  is  a  portrait  of  the  elder  Pitt,  in 
which  Lord  Chatham  is  represented  at  full  length  in  the  attitude  and 
costume  of  a  Koman  orator — tlecorated  with  emblems  of  his  lofty  prin- 
ciples. This  portrait  was  painted  by  Charles  Wilson  Peale  whilst  in 
England  and  presented  by  him,  in  1794,  to  the  State. 

The  Senate  Chamber's  highest  title  to  renown  is  that  in  it  Washing- 
ton resigned  his  Military  Commission  after  the  Revolution,  and  became 
again  a  civilian.  In  this  room  also  was  ratified  by  Congress  in  1784, 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain,  which  treaty  recognized  Ameri- 
can Independence. 

In  September,  1786,  at  the  suggestion  of  General  Washington,  it  is 
thought,  as  the  scheme  was  concerted  at  Mt.  Vernon,  a  convention 
assembled  at  Annapolis  to  pi'opose  measures  to  maintain  harmonious 
commercial  relations  l)etween  the  States.  This  body  met  in  the  Senate 
Chamber.  Five  States  were  represented.  The  Commissioners  who 
arrived  were  from 

New  York — Alexander  Hamilton  and  Egbert  Benson. 

New  Jersey — Abraham  Clark,  William  C.  Houston,  and  James 
Schureman. 

Pennsylvania — Tench  Coxe. 

Delaware — George  Ready,  John  Dickinson,  Richard  Bassett. 

Virginia — Edmund  Randolph,  .James  Madison,  Jr.,  and  St.  George 
Tucker. 

Hamilton  made  the  report  that  was  adopted  by  the  convention.  It 
proposed  to  the  several  States  the  convocation  of  a  convention  to  take 
into  consideration  the  situation  of  the  United  States. 

The  Annapolis  convention  was  the  parent  of  the  great  convention  of 
1787,  that  framed  the  federal  constitution. 

On  the  left  of  the  rotunda  is  the  Hall  of  the  House  of  Delegates.  It 
has  seating  capacity  for  91  members.  Three  small  lobbies  give  ac- 
commodations for  visitors.  On  the  Northeastern  wall  hangs  a  paint- 
ing, representing  Washington,  attended  by  General  LaFayette  and 
Col.  Tilghman  his  Aides-de-camp,  and  the  Continental  Army  passing 
in  review.  In  Washington's  hands  are  the  articles  of  capitulation  at 
Yorktown.  This  picture  was  painted  by  Charles  Wilson  Peale  in  pur- 
suance of  a  resolution  of  the  Legislature,  and  is  one  of  the  best  por- 
traits extant  of  the  immortal  Virginian. 

Opposite  the  entrance  of  the  State  House  is  the  Library,  containing, 
duplicates  included,  80,000  volumes.  These  are  chiefly  works  on  law  and 
public  documents,  but  a  handsome  proportion  of  them  is  a  valuable 
collection  of  works  on  art,  science,  history,  and  fiction.  The  library 
was  established  in  1834,  and  the  building  was  enlarged  in  1859.  Be- 
fore the  inauguration  of  the  State  Library,  the  room,  occupied  at  its 
establishment,  had  been  used  by  the  General  Court  of  Maryland.  In 
1804,  that  court  was  abolished. 

On  the  second  floor  to  the  left  of  the  staircase  is  the  suite  of  rooms 
occupied  by  the  Court  of  Appeals.  On  the  right  of  the  stairway  the 
room  of  the  Adjutant  General  (formerly  the  State  Armory,)  the  pri- 
vate oflice  of  the  Governor,  and  the  Executive  Chamber  are  located. 

In  the  Executive  Chamber  the  portrait  of  George  Calvert,  the  first 
Lord  Baltimore  and  England's  Secretary  of  State  under  .James  and 
Charles,  is  seen.  It  is  a  copy  from  the  painting  byMytens,  now  in  the 
gallery  of  the  Earl  of  Varulam  at  Glastenbury,  England — and  was 
presented  to  the  State  by  John  W.  Garrett,  of  Baltimore,  as  a  result 


164 


''The  Ancient  City. 


of  the  researches  and  efforts  of  Mr.  F.  B.  Mayer,  of  Annapolis  to  m- 
au-urate  a  gallery  of  the  Governors  of  Maryland.  A  full  length  por- 
trait of  Charles,*  third  Lord  Baltimore,  was  exchanged  by  the  city  of 
Annapolis  for  the  six  portraits  of  Governors  Paca,  Small  wood.  Stone, 
Sprigg  Johnson,  and  Plater.  These  with  the  full  length  of  Frederick,  the 
sixth  and  last  Lord  Baltimore,  and  a  recent  gift  of  a  portrait  of  Governor 
Robert  Wright,  and  one  of  John  Eager  Howard,  are  the  only  portraits 
of  her  Governors  owned  by  the  State.  _ 

In  the  Senate  Chamber  is  a  large  picture  by  Edwin  White,  repre- 
senting "Washington's  Resignation  of  his  Commission,"  obtained 
under  an  order  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1859. 

The  basement  of  the  State  House  is  occupied  by  the  furnace  for 
heating  the  building,  the  steam  ventilator,  and  committee  rooms. 

An  Annex  to  the  State  Library  was  ordered  by  the  Legislature  of 
1886,  a  building  long  needed  by  reason  of  the  over-crowded  condition  of 
.the  library. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIL 

Annapolis  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

[1776.]  The  dramatic  arraignment  of  George  III.  in  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  contains  two  counts  that  Annapolis  helped  to 
make  in  that  unique  indictment.  The  Fifteenth  Count  that  gives  as 
one  of  the  causes  which  impelled  the  colonies  to  dissolve  the  political 
bands  that  had  connected  them  with  Great  Britain,  reads : 

"For  protecting  them,  (armed  troops)  by  a  mock-trial,  from  pun- 
ishment for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabi- 
tants of  these  States." 

This  was  literally  done  at  Annapolis  in  1768,  when,  in  a  dispute  be- 
tween some  soldiers  and  citizens  of  the  town,  two  citizens  were  killed. 
As  the  homicides  were  marines,  belonging  to  an  armed  vessel  lying 
near,  they  were  in  time  of  peace,  on  complaint  of  the  citizens 
arraigned  before  the  Admiralty  Court  for  murder.  The  whole  affair 
assumed  the  character  of  a  solemn  farce,  so  far  as  justice  was  con- 
cerned, and,  as  might  have  been  expected,  the  miscreants  were  ac- 
quitted.* 

Another  count,  the  16th,  was :  '"For  quartering  large  bodies  of 
armed  troops  among  us." 

The  Maryland  Assembly  had  been  slack  in  voting  money  to  keep 
Fort  Frederick  and  Cumberland  in  the  condition  the  provincial  gov- 
ernor, the  representative  of  royal  authority,  wanted,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1757,  five  companies  of  the  Royal  Americans  were  quartered 
upon  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  as  a  penalty  for  the  contumacy  of  the 
General  Assembly.  They  remained  there  until  March  23nd,  1758.  Gov- 
ernor Sharpe  expostulated  against  the  severity  and  injustice  of  the 
measure  which  punished  the  inhabitants  of  one  town  for  the  supposed 
sins  of  a  State. 

•  LoBsing's  Lives  ol  the  P'gners,  p.  287. 


History  of   Annapolis.  165 

CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 
Annapolis  During  the  Revolutionary  Wak. 

The  seeds  of  the  American  Revolution  had  been  sown  in  1765  by  the 
passage  of  the  Stamp  Act.  The  constant  and  determined  support, 
Annapolis  gave  to  the  patriot  cause,  had  been  plainly  foreshadowed  by 
its  resistance  to  the  attempted  enforcement  of  this  odious  legislation, 
audits  summary  treatment  of  Hood,  the  British  distributor  of  stamps, 
though  Maryland  was  loath  to  break  those  political  ties  that  bound 
her  to  the  mother  country. 

When  the  news  of  the  blockade  of  Boston  Harbor  reached  Annapilis, 
a  meeting  of  its  citizens  was  called.  On  Wednesday,  the  25th  day  of 
May,  1774,  the  people  convened,  when  it  was 

"iiesulce'l,  That  it  is  the  unanimous  opinion  of  this  meeting,  that 
the  town  of  Boston  is  now  suffering  in  the  common  cause  of  America, 
and  that  it  is  incumbent  on  every  colony  in  America,  to  unite  in  eifec- 
tual  measures  to  obtain  a  repeal  of  the  late  act  of  parliament,  for 
blocking  up  the  harbor  of  Boston. 

"That  it  is  the  opinion  of  tliis  meeting,  that  if  the  colonies  come 
into  a  joint  resolution  to  stop  all  importation  from,  and  exportation 
to,  Great  Britain,  till  the  said  act  be  repealed,  the  same  will  preserve 
North  America,  and  her  liberties. 

"Resolved,  Therefore,  that  the  inhabitants  of  this  city  will  join  in 
an  association  with  the  several  counties  of  this  province,  and  the 
principal  provinces  of  America,  to  put  an  immediate  stop  to  all  ex- 
ports to  Great  Britain,  and  that,  after  a  short  day,  hereafter  to  be 
agreed  on,  there  shall  be  no  imports  from  Great  Britain,  till  the  said 
act  be  repealed,  and  that  such  association  be  on  oath. 

"That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  that  the  gentlemen  of  the 
law  of  this  province  bring  no  suit  for  the  recovery  of  any  debt  due 
from  any  inhabitant  of  this  {irovince,  to  any  inhabitant  of  Great 
Britain,  until  the  said  act  be  repealed. 

"That  the  inhabitants  of  this  city  will,  and  it  is  the  opinion  of  this 
meeting,  that  this  province  ought  immediately  to  break  ofi:  all  trade 
and  dealings  with  that  colony  or  province,  which  shall  refuse  or  de- 
cline to  come  into  similar  resolutions  with  a  majority  of  the  colonies. 

"That  Messieurs  John  Hall,  Charles  Carroll.  Thomas  Johnson.  Jun., 
William  Paca,  Matthias  Hammond,  and  Samuel  Chase,  be  a  commit- 
tee for  this  city  to  join  with  'those  who  shall  be  appointed  for  Balti- 
more Town,  and  other  parts  of  this  province,  to  constitute  one  general 
committee  ;  and  that  the  gentlemen  appointed  for  this  city  immediately 
correspond  with  Baltimore  Town,  and  other  parts  of  this  province,  to 
effect  such  association  as  will  secure  American  liberty." 

William  Eddis  writing  to  England  three  days  after  this  meeting 
said  :  "all  America  is  in  a  flame  !  I  hear  strange  language  every  day. 
The  colonists  are  ripe  for  any  measures  that  will  tend  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  what  they  call  their  natural  liberty.  I  enclose  you  the  re- 
solves of  our  citizens ;  they  have  caught  the  general  contagion. 

"Expresses  are  flying  from  province  to  province.  It  is  the  universal 
opinion  here,  that  the  mother  country  cannot  support  a  contention 
with  these  settlements,  if  they  abide  strictly  to  the  letter  and  spirit 
of  their  associations." 


1QQ  ''TheAnciext  City.'' 

Several  citizens  of  influence  having  expressed  the  opinion,  tha^  if 
the  sense  of  the  people  had  been  properly  taken,  it  would  not  appear 
that  the  whole  of  the  proceedings  of  the  meeting  of  the  2oth  received 
their  approval,  the  friends  of  American  liberty  met  the  statement  by 
distril)uring  hand-bills,  earnestly  requesting  another  general  meeting 
of  citizens.  The  second  meeting  was  held  May  27th,  when  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  28th  were  fully  approved.  The  opposition,  nowever, 
did  not  stop  here.  On  Monday,  May  30th,  a  protest,  signed  by  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  citizens,  amongst  whom  were  some  of  the  best 
names  of  the  town  and  vicinity,  made  its  appearance. 

The  protest  was : 

"To  The  Printers. 

May  :]Oth,  1774. 

"A  publication  of  the  enclosed  protest,  supported  by  tlie  names  of  a 
considerable  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  of  Annapolis,  will, 
it  is  presumed,  furnish  the  most  autlientic  grounds  for  determining 
the  sense  of  the  majority,  on  a  question  of  the  last  importance. 

"We,  whose  names  are  suljscribed,  inhabitants  of  the  city  of  Annapo- 
lis, conceive  it  our  clear  right,  and  most  incumbent  duty,  to  express 
our  cordial  and  explicit  disapprobation  of  a  resolution  which  was  car- 
ried by  forty-seven  against  thirty-one,  at  the  meeting  held  on  the  27th 
instant. 

"The  resolution  against  which  we  protest,  in  the  face  of  the  world, 
is  the  following  : 

"  "That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  that  the  gentlemen  of  the 
law  of  this  province,  bring  no  suit  for  the  recovery  of  any  debt  due" 
from  any  inhabitant  of  this  province,  to  any  inhabitant  of  Great 
Britain  until  the  said  act  be  repealed.' — Disscnfienf.' 

"First — Because  we  are  impressed  with  a  full  conviction,  that  this 
resolution  is  founded  in  treachery  and  rashness,  inasmuch  as  it  is  big 
with  bankruptcy  and  ruin  to  those  inhabitants  of  Great  Britain,  who, 
relying  with  unlimited  security  on  our  good  faith  and  integrity,  have 
made  us  masters  of  their  fortunes,  condemning  them  unheard,  for  not 
having  interposed  their  influence  with  parliament  in  favor  of  the  town 
of  Boston,  witliout  duly  weighing  the  force,  with  which  that  influence 
would  probably  have  operated  ;  or  whether,  in  their  conduct,  they 
were  actuated  by  wisdom  and  .policy,  or  by  corruption  and  avarice. 

"Secondly— Because  whilst  the' inhabitants  of  Great  Britain  are 
partially  despoiled  of  every  legal  remedy  to  recover  what  is  justly 
due  to  them,  no  provision  is  made  to  prevent  us  from  being  harrassed 
by  the  prosecution  of  internal  suits,  but  our  fortunes  and  persons  are 
left  at  the  mercy  of  domestic  creditors,  without  a  possibility  of  extri- 
cating ourselves,  unless  by  a  general  convulsion,  an  event  in  the  con- 
templation of  sober  reason,  replete  with  horror. 

"Thirdly — Because  our  credit,  as  a  commercial  people,  will  exjnre 
under  the  wound  ;  for  what  confidence  can  possibly  be  reposed  in 
those,  who  shall  have  exhibited  the  most  avowed  and  most  striking 
proof  that  they  are  not  bound  by  obligations  as  sacred  as  human  in- 
vention can  suggest. 

"Lloyd  Dulany,  Robert  Kirkland, 

William  Cooke,  William  Ashton, 

James  Tilgliman,  Robert  Morrison, 

Anthony  Stewart,  Charles  Bryan, 


History  of  Annapolis, 


167 


William  Steuart, 
Charles  Steuart. 
David  Steuart, 
Jonathan  Pinknev, 
William  Tuck, 
Thomas  Sparrow, 
John  Green, 
James  Brice, 
George  Gordon. 
John  Chalmers. 
John  Anderson. 
John  Unsworth. 
James  Taylor. 
William  Clayton. 
George  Ranken. 
Robert  Moor, 
Jonathan  Parker. 
Brite  Seleven. 
John  Varndel, 
JoTin  Annis. 
Robert  Ridge, 
Robert  Nixon, 
Thomas  Kirby, 
Williams  Edwards, 
Robert  Lambert. 
William  Eddis. 
John  Clapham, 
Elie  Vallette, 

Robert  Buchanan, 

William  Noke, 

James  Brooks, 

Richard  Marrow. 

John  Brown, 

J<:hn  Hepburn. 

Colin  Campbell, 

Nathaniel  Ross, 

William  Niven, 

James  Kingsbury, 

James  Barnes, 

John  Sands, 

James  Williams, 

Joseph  Williams, 

John  Howard, 

William  Munroe, 

John  D.  Jaquet, 

John  Norris, 

John  Steele, 

N.  Maccubbin,  Shoem., 

Thomas  Hammond, 

Thomas  Pipier, 

Thomas  Neal, 

William  Tonry, 

James  McKenzie, 

Nicholas  Minsky, 


John  Haragan, 
Hugh  Hendly, 
Richard  Thompson, 
Reverdy  Ghiselin, 
Charles  Marckel, 
John  Randall, 
William  StifE. 
James  Mitchell. 
Charles  Roberts, 
Samuel  Skingle, 
Thomas  StifE, 
Henry  Jackson. 
William  Devinith, 
James  Hackman. 
Charles  Barber, 
John  Evitts, 
James  Maw, 
Jordan  Steiger, 
Joseph  Richards, 
Edward  Owens, 
Thomas  Pryse, 
J.  Wilkinson. 
Robert  Key. 
Lewis  Jones, 

William  Willatt, 
John  King, 

William  Prew. 
Thomas  Towson, 

William  Howard, 

John  Donaldson, 

Daniel  Dulany,  of  Walter, 

William  Worthington, 

Thomas  B.  Hodgkin, 

AVilliam  Wilkins. 

Thomas  French. 

Joseph  Selby, 

William  Gordon, 

Thomas  Hyde, 
'John  Maconochie, 

Philip  Thomas  Lee, 

John  Ball, 

Samuel  Owens, 

Samuel  Ball. 

Thomas  Braithwaite, 

James  Murray, 

Richard  Mackubin, 

Michael  Wallace, 

William  Hyde, 

Nathan  Hannuond, 

Peter  Psalter, 

Joseph  Browning, 

Thomas  Hincks, 

Lewis  Neth, 

Edward  Dogan, 


168  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

Martin  Water,  J.  H.  Anderson, 

.John  Warren.  Richard  Burt, 

William  Chambers,  Henry  Horsley, 

James  Clarke,  Cornelius  Penton. 

Denton  Jacques.  Richard  Addams, 

Joseph  Dowson,  George  Ranken,  Sr. 

Thomas  Macken,  Edward  Wilniot, 

Richard  Burland,  Robert  Lang, 

Daniel  Dulany.  of  Dan.,  George  XicholsuU, 

R.  Molleson. '  Benjamin  Spriggs, 

Robert  Counden,  John  Horton, 

William  Alkman,  Charles  Wright. 

George  French,  Constantine  Bull, 

John  Parker,  Amos  Edraons, 

Archibald  Smith,  Henry  Sibell, 

Thomas  Bonner,  Joslnia  Cross, 

Matthias  Mae.l  John  Woolford. 

Alex.  McDona  d,  Samuel  H.  Howard, 

David  Crinnig,  Oliver  Weeden, 

John  Thimmis,  Alex.  Fiidater, 

David  Atchison,  Con.  McCarty, 

James  Maynard,  Jonathan  Simpson." 

William  Harrison, 
A  meeting  of  the  committees  appointed  by  the  several  counties  of 
t;ie  province  of  Maryland,  was  held  at  the  city  of  Annapolis,  on  the 
23nd  of  June,  1774.  There  were  present  for  Anne  Arundel  county 
and  the  city  of  Annapolis,  Charles  Carroll,  Esq.,  barrister,  Messrs.  B. 
T.  B.  Worthington,  Thomas  Johnson,  Jr.,  Samuel  Chase.  John  Hall, 
William  Paca.  Matthias  Hammond.  Samuel  Chew,  John  Wecnis, 
Thomas  Dorsey,  Rezin  Hammond. 

The  letter  and  vote  of  the  town  of  Boston,  several  letters  and  pai)ers 
from  Philadelphia  and  Virginia,  the  act  of  parliament  for  blocking  up 
the  port  and  harbor  of  Boston,  the  bill  depending  in  parliament  sub- 
versive of  the  charter  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay.  and  that  enabling 
the  governor  to  send  supposed  offenders  from  thence  t.' another  colony 
or  England  for  trial,  were  read, — and,  after  mature  deliberations 
thereon,  it  was 

^'Resolvad,  That  the  said  act  of  parliament,  and  Inlls,  if  passed  into- 
acts,  are  cruel  and  oppressive  invasions  of  the  natural  rights  of  the 
people  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  as  men,  and  of  their  constitutional  rights 
as  English  subjects  :  and  that  the  said  act,  if  not  repealed,  and  the 
said  bills,  if  passed  into  acts,  will  lay  a  foundation  for  the  utter  de- 
struction of  British  America,  and,  therefore,  that  the  town  of  Boston 
and  the  province  of  Massachusetts  are  now  suffering  in  the  common 
cause  of  America. 

"■Resolved,  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  colony  in  America  to  unite- 
in  the  most  speedy  and  effectual  means  to  obtain  a  repeal  of  the  said- 
act,  and  also  of  the  said  bills  if  passed  into  acts." 

The  third  resolution  was  to  the  effect  to  stop  all  importations  from 
and  exportations  to  Great  Britain. 

The  fourth  resolution  asserted  that  this  province  will  join  in  an  as- 
sociation with  the  principal  and  neighboring  colonies  to  sto|t  all  ex- 
portations to,  and  importations  from,  Great  Britain,  to  go  into  effect 
on  some  day  agreed  upon  by  the  colonists. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    0  K    A  X  N  A  P  O  L  I  S  .  l(jl> 

The  fifth  resolution  instructed  the  deputies  from  this  province  to 
agree  to  any  restrictions  upon  cxjiorts  to  the  West  Indies,  deesned 
necessary  by  the  colonies  in  the  g-eneral  congress. 

The  sixth  resolution  authorized  the  deputies  from  this  province  to 
admit  and  provide  for  the  importation  of  particular  articles  from 
Great  Britain  as  are  supposed  to  be  indispensable. 

The  seventh  resolution  recommended  to  merchants  and  vendors  of 
goods  not  to  take  advantage  of  the  resolve  for  non-importation.  Init 
to  sell  their  goods  at  the  rate  sold  within  the  year  previoiis. 

The  eighth  resolution  provided  for  a  subscription  for  the  relief  of 
the  inhalntants  of  Boston. 

The  ninth  resolution  expressed  thanks  to  the  friends  of  liberty  in 
Great  Britain. 

The  tenth  resolution  appointed  ]\latthe\v  Tilghman.  Thomas  John- 
son, Jr.,  Robert  GoidsViorough.  William  Paca,  and  Samuel  Chase, 
Esq.,  deputies  for  this  province  .o  attend  a  general  congress,  which 
was  recommended  to  be  held  on  September  20th. 

The  eleventh  resolution  asserted  that  this  province  will  break  off 
trade  and  dealings  with  that  colony,  province,  or  town,  which  shall 
decliife  the  common  plan  which  may  lie  adopted. 

The  twelfth  resolution  directed  that  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  sent 
to  the  Comnuttees  of  Correspondence,  and  be  pul)lished  in  the  Mary- 
land Gazette. 

The  strong,  loyal  opposition  to  English  measures,  existing  in  An- 
napolis which  cropped  out,  at  this  period,  has  made  the  ancient  city 
renowned  in  American  history. 

The  burning  of  the  Peggy  Srewart  was  one  of  tlie  most  remarkaV)lc 
events  of  the  Revolutionary  period. 

The  valor  of  this  extraoi'dinary  conduct  was  heightened  by  the 
])i'esence  of  two  local  English  officers,  and  a  strong  English  senti- 
ment. Mr.  Eddis,  the  English  Custom  House  officer,  quaintly  says : 
"I  attended  the  whole  progress  of  the  lousiness,  and  was  active  in  my 
exertions  to  prevent  the  extremities  to  which  some  frantic  zealots 
proceeded." 

Mr.  Eddis  further  declares  that  the  owners  did  not  Inirn  their  sliip 
willingly,  but  were  forced  to  destroy  it  by  the  citizens. 

According  to  adjournment,  the  State  Convention  met  on  December 
8th,  and  conthuied  to  the  '2th.  There  were  present  85  raembei-s.  Mr. 
John  Hall  in  the  chair,  Mr.  John  Duckett,  clerk.  The  proceedings 
of  the  Continental  Congress  were  unanimously  approved,  and  it  was 
resolved  that  every  person  in  the  jirovince  ought  to  carry  into  effect 
the  association  agreed  on  by  the  Continental  Congress,  and  the  most 
stringent  measures  were  adopted  to  repress  by  force  the  invasion  of 
their  rights. 

It  was  now  apparent  that  the  dispute  between  the  colonies  and  the 
mother  country  would  be  settled  by  an  appeal  to  arms.  Annapolis 
made  ready  for  the  conflict.  In  compliance  with  the  i-econnnendation 
of  the  deputies  of  the  several  counties  of  the  province,  at  their  con- 
vention in  June,  that  the  gentlemen,  freeholders,  and  other  freemen 
of  this  province,  as  are  fron;  sixteen  to  fifty  years  of  age,  form  them- 
selves into  companies,  and  to  select  their  officers,  a  •  umber  of  the 
citizens  of  Annapolis  met  on  DecemVier  14th,  and  chose  their  officers 
agreeably  to  the  recommendation.     The  companies  were  composed  of 


170  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

all  ranks  of  men  in  the  city,  gentlemen  of  the  first  fortunes  being 
common  soldiers.  After  one  company  had  been  formed  the  patriotic 
Gazdfe  added  : 

"It  is  said  tliat  there  are  a  sufficient  number  of  citizens  to  form 
another  company  wliich  it  is  hoped  will  be  immediately  done." 

\Miilst  the  people  were  ardent  in  their  fidelity  to  the  American 
cause,  yet  such  was  their  love  of  liberty  and  tlieir  respect  for  personal 
rights, "in  February,  1775,  Mr.  Eddis  is  found  urging  through  the 
public  press,  the  cause  of  peace,  and  ihe  wisdom  of  retaining  their 
political  affiliation  with  England.  The  times  changed  rapidly.  In 
July,  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Eddis  plaintively  wrote  : 

'•Government  is  now  almost  totally  anniliilated,  and  power  trans- 
terrod  to  the  multitude.  Speech  is  become  dangerous  ; .letters  are  in- 
terce[ited  :  confidence  betrayed  ;  and  every  measure  evidently  tends  to 
the  most  fatal  extremities :  the  sword  is  drawn,  and,  without  some 
providential  change  of  measures,  tlie  blood  i;f  thousands  will  lie  shed 
in  this  unnatural  contest. " 

Annapolis,  at  this  time,  had  two  military  companies  ;  in  every  dis- 
trict in  the  province  the  majority  of  the  people  were  under  ai;ms  : 
almost  e\'ery  hat  was  decorated  witli  a  cockade  :  and  tlie  churlisli 
drum  and  piping  fife  were  the  only  music  of  the  times. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  iihabitauts  of  Anne  Arundel  county  and  of  the 
city  of  Annaj)olis,  ( those  qualified  to  vote  for  representatives.)  on 
Wednesday,  the  innth  day  of  November,  1774,  it  was 

"Rewh'cd,  That  Thomas  Dorsey,  John  Hood,  Jr.,  Jolin  Dorsey, 
Philip  Dorsey,  John  Burgess,  Thomas  Lappington,  Ephraim  Howard, 
Caleb  Dorsey,  Richard  Stringer,  Keubin  Merriweather,  Charles  War- 
field,  Edward  Gaither,  Jr.,  Greenl)ury  Ridgely.  Elijah  Robinson, 
Thomas  Mayo,  James  Kelso,  Benjamin  Howard,  Ely  Dorsey,  Sr., 
Mark  Brown  Sappington,  Brice  T.  B.  Worthiugton,  Charles  Carroll, 
barrister,  John  Hall,  William  Paca,  Thomas  Johnson,  Jr.,  Matthias 
Hammond,  Samuel  Chase,  Charles  Carroll,  of  CarroUton,  Rezin  Ham- 
mond, Charles  Wallace,  Richard  Tootell,  Thomas  Ilarwood,  J-.,  John 
Davidson,  John  Brice,  John  Weems,  Samuel  Chew,  Thomas  Sprigg. 
Oirard  Hopkins,  Jr.,  Thomas  Hall,  Tliomas  Harwood,  West  River, 
Stephen  Steward,  Thomas  Watkins,  Tht)mas  Belt,  the  third,  Richard 
•Green,  and  Stephen  Watkins,  be  a  committee  to  represent  and  act  for 
this  C(juntyand  city,  to  carry  into  execution  the  association  agreed  on 
by  the  American  Continental  Congress,  and  that  any  seven  have 
power  to  act. 

"Bcsulved,  That  Thomas  Johnson,  Jr.,  John  Hail,  William  Paca, 
Cliarles  Carroll,  of  CarroUton,  Matthias  Hammond,  Samuel  Chase, 
and  Richard  Tootell,  be  a  committee  of  correspondence  for  this  county 
and  city,  and  that  any  three  have  power  to  act. 

"Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting,  that  the  gentlemen 
appointed  to  represent  the  county  and  city,  in  the  late  provincial 
convention,  together  with  Charles  Carroll,  of  CarroUton,  ought  to  at- 
tend the  next  provincial  meeting  on  the  21st  inst.,  and  have  full 
power  to  represent  this  county  and  city." 

^  On  Friday,  the  14th  day  of  October,  1774,  the  brig  Peggrj  Stewart, 
Captain  Jackson,  arrived  at  Annapolis  from  London", '"having  on 
board  seventeen  packages  containing  3,320  pounds  of  that  detestable 
weed"— the  taxed  tea.  On  hearing  of  its  arrival,  the  Anne  Arundel 
county  committee,  which  took  cognizance  of  such  matters,  immediately 


History  OF   Annapolis.  171 

convened.  It  was  then  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  The  commit- 
tee was  informed  that  the  brig  had  been  regularly  entered  that  morn- 
ing, "and  the  duty  on  the  tea  paid  to  the  collector  by  Mr.  Autliony 
Stewart,  one  of  the  owners  of  said  brig."  This  was  fuel  to  the  flame 
of  indignation  already  kindled  ;  but,  with  the  law-abiding  spirit  which 
is  a  part  of  the  Maryland  character,  they  did  not  precipitate  matters, 
but  let  the  questioii  take  an  orderly  solution.  Four  only  of  the  com- 
mittee were  jjresent,  and  the  remainder,  residents  of  the  county,  were 
inaccessible  in  this  emergency.  The  committee,  therefore,  called  a 
meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Annapolis,  to  be  held  at  five  o'clock  the , 
same  aftternoon.  As  the  Provincial  Court  was  in  session  at  Annapo- 
lis at  the  time,  a  number  of  persons  from  Anne  Arundel,  Baltimore, 
and  other  counties,  who  were  in  attendance  on  the  court,  joined  the 
citizens  of  Annapolis  to  answer  the  question,  "What  was  to  be  done  ?" 
The  assembly  proceeded  at  once  to  business.  The  importers,  the  cap- 
tain of  the  brig,  and  the  de]3uty-col]ector  of  the  ])ort  were  called  be- 
fore it  and  examined.  Tlie  consignees,  Messrs.  Thomas  C.  Wil- 
liams &  Co.,  sent  the  following  letter,  which  was  read  : 
"Friday  Morning,  10  o'clock, 

October  14,  1774. 

"This  is  to  inform  you  that  the  brig  Pcgipj  Stewart,  Captain  Jack- 
son, is  just  arrived  from  London,  and  agreeable  to  our  order  of  the 
14th  of  May  last,  have  got  many  goods  on  board  for  us,  among  which 
are  a  few  chests  of  tea.  Although  agreeable  to  our  order,  yet  it's  con- 
trary to  our  expectation,  as  we  was  in  great  hopes  the  tea  would  not 
have  been  shipped  ;  but  as  it  have  unluckily  come  to  hand,  and  are 
sensible  the  sale  of  it,  at  this  time,  will  be  disagreeable  to  our  friends 
and  neighbors,  we  are,  therefore,  willing  to  leave  to  your  determina- 
tion what  is  to  be  done  with  the  said  tea,  and  will  readily  acquiesce 
in  any  measures  you  may  suggest,  either  in  landing  and  storing  it, 
reshipping  it  to  London,  the  West  Indies,  or  otherwise.'' 

From  the  captain  of  the  brig  and  the  deputy-collector,  it  was  learn- 
ed that  the  duty  on  the  tea  had  not  been  paid.  The  question  was 
then  put,  "Shall  the  tea  be  landed  in  America?"  It  was  unani- 
mosly  decided  in  the  negative.  A  committee  of  twelve  persons  was 
appointed  to  superintend  the  discharge  of  the  brig's  cargo,  except  the 
tea,  and  the  meeting  adjourned  to  Wednesday,  the  19th. 

On  the  succeeding  Monday  a  proposal  was  made  to  the  consignees 
by  Charles  Carroll,  one  of  the  committee,  that  they  should  destroy 
the  tea  themselves,  which  he  thought  would  satisfy  the  peojjle.  The 
•consignees  readily  agreed  to  this,  offering  to  destroy  the  tea  in  any 
way  that  was  thought  proper.  But  the  matter  had  gone  too  far  for 
such  a  settlement  to  be  satisfactory.  They  rejected  the  offer  ;  and  in 
the  meantime  handbills  were  industriously  circulated  through  the 
•county,  notifying  the  people  of  the  arrival  of  the  tea,  and,  requesting 
them  to  meet  on  the  following  Wednesday.  The  principal  mover  in 
the  affair,  on  the  part  of  the  patriots,  appears  to  have  been  Mr.  Mat- 
thias Hammond,  of  whom  the  consignees  complained  afterward  that 
he  made  no  mention  in  stxid  bills  "who  gave  the  committee  informa- 
tion of  the  tea  being  arrived."  This  intimation  that  the  consignees 
themselves  notified  the  committee  of  the  arrival  of  the  tea  is  sustained 
by  the  date  of  their  note  of  Friday  "morning  at  ten  o'clock,"  and  by 
the  consenting  witness  of  silence  on  the  part  of  the  committee,  who 


1 72  "  T  H  E    A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

never  denied  the  assertion.  This  was  a  doubtful  omission  by  the  com- 
mittee, but  it  in  no  respect  lessens  the  honor  due  the  people  of  Anne 
Arundel  and  Annapolis,  who  were  kept  in  ignorance  of  the  true  facts, 
and  saw  only  in  the  Stewart  and  her  cargo  a  defiant  attempt  to  in- 
fringe their  most  cherished  rights. 

By  eight  o'clock  on  tiie  morning  of  Wednesday,  Mr.  Carroll  re- 
ceiveda  letter  from  the  consignees  further  explanatory  of  Ihearrivalof 
the  tea,  which  was  read  to  "the  committee  on  their  meeting  at  ten 
o'clock.  The  explanation  was  that  the  tea  was  shipped  on  an  order  of 
the  14th  of  May  previous.  The  consignees  continued  :  "We,  in 
October,  1773,  (as  others  did),  imported  tea,  tliat  being  the  first  time 
we  ever  imported  any  from  Great  Britain,  and  finding  it  to  meet  with 
a  ready  sale  and  no  objection  to  its  importation,  we  also,  with  our 
neighbors,  ordered  tea  in  our  spring  cargo,  which  arrived  in  April  and 
May  last ;  and  then  (there  still  being  no  objection  to  its  importation) 
we,  on  the  14tli  of  May.  did  also  -)rder  the  tea  now  unfortunately  ar- 
rived in  tiie  Peggy  Stewart We  did  not  think  till  about  the 

beginning  of  July  importation  of  tea  would  be  stopt But  soon 

after  August  we  was  convinced  that  if  the  tea  ordered  was  shipped  it 
would  not  be  allowed  to  be  landed  or  the  duty  paid  ;  and  from  ihat 
time  was  determined,  in  case  it  should  arrive  to  give  it  up  immediately 
to  the  disposal  of  the  c  immittee,  to  do  with  it  what  they  thought  pro- 
per. This  we  told  many  people  liefore  the  tea  came,  which,  we  be- 
lieve, Mr.  Thos.  Harwood  and  Mr.   Hodgsin  well  remember 

On  the  arrival  of  tlie  Peggy  Stewart  here  with  the  tea.  we  immediately 
made  the  connnittee  acquainted  therewith,  and  expressed  our  readi- 
ness to  abide  by  their  determination  with  respect  to  it  ;  and  on  Mr. 
Stewart's  application  to  ns  for  money  to  pay  duty  on  the  same,  we 
absolutely  refused  it,  or  doing  anything  concerning  it  until  the  com- 
mittee had  resolved  what  should  be  done  with  it.  And  we  further 
declare  tliat  the  vessel  was  entered  at  the  custom-house  and  the  duty 
paid  without  our  knowldge  or  consent." 

The  consignees  exjiressed  their  willingness  to  give  the  utmost  satisfac- 
tion, and  with  a  view  to  mollify  tlie  exasperated  feelings  of  the  people, 
declared  that  they  had  had  no  intention  to  infringe  "the  resolutions- 
entered  into  by  the  province  of  Maryland  nor  to  import  tea,  nor  were 
they  '"actuated  by  any  sinistei  motives  either  in  favor  of  ministerial 
power,  court,  court-party  or  otherwise."  In  a  subsequent  letter  to^ 
the  public,  the  consignees  stated  that  the  committee  expressed  them- 
selves satisfied  with  their  conduct  in  the  matter,  except  in  regard  to 
the  large  quantity  ordered.  This  statement  was  denied  in  public 
print  by  Mr.  John  Duekelt.  clerk  to  the  committee. 

The  payment  of  the  duty  on  tea.  which  had  been  done  since  the 
meeting ^of  Friday,  was  a  matter  the  people  could  not  lightly  over- 
look. The  general  indignation  excited  by  this  act  caused  Mr.  Stewart 
|P  publish  a  card  explanatory  of  his  part  in  transaction.  He  said  : 
"When  the  brig  arrived,  the  captain  informed  me  she  was  very  leaky, 
and  that  the  sooner  she  was  unloaded  the  better.  I  told  him  to  enter 
liis  vessel,  but  not  the  tea,  which  I  found  on  inquiry  of  the  collector 
could  not  be  done.  Under  these  circumstances,  the  brig  leaky  and 
fifty  three  souls  on  board,  where  they  had  been  near  three  months,  I 
thought  my  self  [bound,]  both  in  humanity  and  prudence,  to  enter 
the  vessel  and  leave  tlie  destination  of  the  tea  to  the  committee.  The 
impropriety  of  securing  the  duty  did  not  then  occur  to  me  :  neither 


History  of  Annapolis.  173 

<lid  1  know  the  tea  would  be  suffered  to  be  lodged  as  a  security  for  the 
paytneiit.  I  had  nothing  in  view  but  to  save  the  vessel  from  a  seizure, 
and  of  having  an  opportunity  of  releasing  the  passengers  from  a  long 
and  disagreeable  confinement."  Captain  .Tackson  added  to  this  card 
an  affidavit  in  which  he  stated  that  the  tea  had  been  put  on  board  the 
brig  iu  London  without  his  knowledge.  Neither  card  nor  affidavit, 
which  had  been  published  in  handbill  form  two  days  previous  to  the 
Wednesday  meeting,  calmed  the  popular  indignation. 

Where  the  committee's  action  ended  and  the  people's  began,  it  is 
difficult  to  determine,  owing  to  no  definite  distinction  being  made  as 
to  the  respective  parts  played  by  each  in  this  curious  drama  ;  but  it 
appears  that  the  committee  privately  heard  the  letter  of  the  Messrs. 
Wilhams  read,  then  took  action  uj)on  it,  and  adjourned  to  the  public 
meeting  where  the  proceedings  following  were  enacted  before  a  large 
assembly  of  people.  The  first  was  th<"'  reading  of  the  annexed  letter 
signed  by  Anthony  Stewart,  Joseph  and  James  Williams,  in  which  it 
will  be  seen  sentiments  were  expressed  liy  these  gentlemen  very  dif- 
ferent from  what  they  had  previously  given  out.  Mr.  Stewart  and 
the  Messrs.  Williams  read  their  recantation.  It  ran  :  "We,  James 
Williams,  Joseph  Williams,  and  Anthony  Stewart,  do  severally  ac- 
knowledge that  we  have  committed  a  most  daring  insult  and  act  of 
the  most  pernicious  tendency  to  the  liberties  of  America  ;  we,  the 
said  Williams,  in  importing  the  tea,  and  said  Stewart  in  paying  the 
duty  thereon  ;  and  thereby  deservedly  incurred  the  displeasure  of  the 
pleople  now  convened,  and  all  others  interested  in  the  preservation  of 
the  constitutional  rights  and  liberties  oi  North  America,  do  ask  pardon 
for  the  same  ;  and  we  solemnly  declare  for  the  future,  that  we  never 
will  infringe  any  resolution  formed  by  the  people  for  the  salvation  of 
their  rights,  nor  will  we  do  any  act  that  may  be  injurious  to  the 
liberties  of  the  people  ;  and  to  show  our  desire  of  living  in  amity  with 
the  friends  to  America,  we  do  request  this  meeting,  or  as  many  choose 
to  attend,  to  be  present  at  any  place  where  the  people  shall  appoint, 
and  we  will  there  commit  to  the  flames  or  otlierwise  destroy  as  the 
people  may  choose,  the  detestable  article  which  has  been  the  cause 
■of  this  our  misconduct." 

The  Williamses  smarted  under  this  compulsory  self-condemnation, 
and,  in  the  issue  of  the  Gazette,  of  Annapolis,  of  the  17th  of  October, 
justly  and  bitterly  complained  of  this  card  as  "a  most  ungenerous 
piece,"  which  "was  drawn  up  by  Matthias  Hammond,  wherein  not- 
withstanding our  candid  behaviour,  we  are  most  cruelly  made  liable 
to  the  same  degree  of  censure  as  Mr.  Stewart  who  paid  the  duty ; 
which  piece  was  afterward  produced,  and  we  were  called  upon  to  read 
and  acknowledge  in  the  midst  of  an  incensed  people,  wholly  unacquain- 
ted with  our  conduct  in  the  affair." 

The  indignation  of  the  people  was  centered  chiefly  upon  Mr. 
Stewart,  for  what  they  considered  his  cheerful  compliance  with  the 
act  of  Parliament  taxing  the  tea  ;  and  some  were  very  much  "disposed 
to  present  him  with  a  suit  of  tar  and  feathers."  A  diversity  of  senti- 
ment sprung  up  as  to  what  ought  to  be  done.  Some  contended 
that  the  offer  to  destroy  the  tea  was  sufficient  reparation  ;  others 
favored  the  destruction  of  the  vessel  that  had  brought  "the 
•detestable  weed"  to  American  shores.  A  division  took  place 
on  the  question.  "Whether  the  vessel  should,  or  should,  not  be 
destroyed?"     It  was  carried  in  the  negative  by  a    large  majority. 


174  ' '  T  H  E  A  N  c  I E  N  T   City." 

The  citizens  of  Annapolis  generally  were  averse  to  using  violence  ; 
but  the  minority,  mainly  persons  from  a  distance,  some  of  great  in- 
fluence in  their  respective  neighborhoods,  avowed  their  determination 
to  collect  a  l)ody  of  men  to  accomplish  the  destruction  of  the  Stewart. 
At  this  juncture,  under  the  advice  of  Charles  Carroll,  of  CarroUton, 
Mr.  Stewart  offered  "to  destroy  the  vessel  with  his  own  hands."  The 
proposal  was  gladly  accepted.  The  people  assembled  in  crowds  at 
the  water-side  to  witness  the  conflagration.  Mr.  Stewart  and  the 
Messrs.  Williams  the  former  accompanied  by  several  gentlemen  to 
protect  him  from  personal  violence,  repaired  to  the  brig.  Her  sails 
were  set,  and.  with  her  colors  flying,  she  was  run  aground  on  the 
shore  between  the  Gas-House  and  the  northwestern  wall  of  the  Xaval 
Academy.  It  was  brought  up  to  this  point  that  Mrs.  Stewart,  the 
invalid  wife  of  the  owner  of  the  vessel  could  see  the  conflagration, 
from  the  window  of  her  residence,  the  house  on  Hanover  street,  now 
occupied  by  Mr.  Charles  S.  Welch.  Mr.  Stewart  applied  the  match 
to  the  vessel,  and,  as  an  offering  and  atonement  to  the  offended  peo- 
ple and  an  open  defiance  to  the  Crown,  the  Peggy  Steivarf  and  the 
obnoxious  tea-chests  were,  in  a  few  hours,  reduced  to  ashes. 

The  adjourned  meeting  of  provincial  deputies,  chosen  by  several  of 
the  counties  in  Maryland,  was  held  at  the  city  of  Annapolis,  Nov.  31, 
1774,  and  continued  by  adjournment  to  Friday,  the  3oth  day  of  the 
same  month  at  which  fifty-seven  deputies  were  present. 

Mathew  Tilghman  was  chosen  chairman  and  .John  Duckett,  clerk. 

The  delegates  appointed  to  represent  the  province  at  the  late  conti  - 
nental  congress,  laid  the  proceedings  of  the  congress  before  the  meet- 
ing which  being  read  and  considered,  were  unanimously  approved  of. 

Not  only  in  words  and  sounds  of  war  did  the  inhabitants  of  Anne 
Arundel  show  their  intention  to  defend  their  rights,  but  when  oppor- 
tunity offered  they  put  in  practice  the  faith  that  was  hi  them. 

July  18th,  1775,  "the  ship  Totnexs,  captain  Harding,  belonging  to 
Mr.  Gildard,  of  Liverpool,  having  on  board  a  cargo  of  salt  and  dry 
goods,  in  coming  up  the  bay,  ran  aground  near  the  three  Islands  at 
the  mouth  of  West  river  ;  upon  this  the  committee  immediately  met, 
and  after  consideration,  determined  she  should  proceed  on  to  Balti- 
more, her  intended  port,  but  before  she  could  get  off,  highly  resenting 
so  daring  an  infringement  of  the  continental  association,  a  number  of 
people  met,  went  on  board,  and  set  her  on  fire." 

There  were  opponents  of  these  proceedings  even  among  those  who 
espoused  the  patriot  cause.  They  had  condemned  the  burning  of  the 
Peggy  Stewart  and  also  this,  "the  second  burnt-offering  to'  liberty 
within  this  province. ' '  But  revolutions  are  not  handicapped  by  a  mi- 
nority of  dissenting  voices. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  Wednesday,  September  37th,  Annapolis 
was  alarmed  by  the  beating  of  drums,  and  a  proclamation  for  the  in- 
habitants to  assemble  at  the  Liberty  Tree.  The  object  of  the  meeting 
was  to  secure  the  passage  of  the  resolution:  "That  all  persons  who 
had  refused  to  sign  the  association,  and  comply  ^vith  the  other  requi- 
sitions should  be  obliged  to  quit  the  city,  as  enemies  to  the  essential  in- 
terests of  America."  This  was  in  opposition  to  the  proceedings  of 
the  convention,  and  the  resolution  was  easily  defeated.  A  report, 
about  this  time,  that  a  British  ship  of  war  was  to  be  ordered  to  the 
port  of  Annapolis,  caused  many  families  to  quit  the  city,  and  others 
to  talk  of   removing.     At  a  meeting  of  the  citizens,  it  was  unani- 


History  OF  Annapolis.  175* 

moiisly  resolved  :  "If  a  vessel,  belonging  to  his  Majesty,  should  be 
stationed  in  our  harbor  to  supply  the  same  with  every  necessary,  at  a 
reasonal)le  price,  and  cautiously  to  avoid  any  cause  of  contention 
with  the  officers  or  the  crew."  An  address  was  also  prepared  to  be 
delivered  to  the  Governor,  expressing  the  same  pacific  sentiments 
and  asking  him  to  convey  the  same  to  the  commander  of  any  ship 
that  may  be  ordered  on  this  duty. 

Private  correspondence,  in  the  latter  part  of  1775,  began  to  be  ex- 
amined by  the  provincial  authorities,  for  here  in  Annapolis  was  set  up 
the  novelty  of  a  dual  government — the  King's  officers  on  the  one 
hand,  and  the  local  and  general  committees  of  public  safety  on  the 
other — living  harmoniously  together,  but  so  far  as  the  King's  repre- 
sentatives were  concerned  very  much  like  the  fox  when  invited  to  the 
stork's  supper. 

Annapolis  became  daily  more  and  more  deserted  ;  some  families 
leaving  because  of  apprehensions  of  a  bombardment ;  others  on  ac- 
count of  the  distressing  times,  bad  markets,  and  d  general  scarcity  of 
money  ;  even  tradesmen  and  mechanics  quitted  their  habitations,  and 
retired  from  the  vicinity  of  navigable  waters.  Agriculture  was  neg- 
lected, the  voice  of  peaceful  industry  was  hushed,  and  military  science 
became  the  universal  study  of  the  hour. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  deputies  from  the  counties  of  Maryland,  at 
Annapolis,  on  May  24,  1775,  there  were  present  100  meu.bers.  The 
Hon.  Matthias  Tilghman  being  in  the  chair,  and  Gabriel  Duvall,  clerk, 
the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

"Resolved,  That  we  acknowledge  King  George  the  third,  as  our 
lawful  sovereign. 

"Resolved,  That  all  exportation  to  the  provinces  in  British  posses- 
sion be  prohibited  imtil  further  orders  from  the  Continental  Con- 
gress. 

"Resolved,  That  the  formation  of  militia  be  continued,  and  sub- 
scription for  the  same  be  levied  by  the  several  counties. ' ' 

Loyalty  to  the  King,  legions  for  the  people,  voted  in  the  same 
breath  ! 

A  meeting  of  the  committee  of  observation  for  Anne  Arundel 
county  and  city  of  Annapolis,  was  held  on  the  14th  day  of  June,  1775, 
in  Annapolis,  Mr.  Charles  Wallace,  chairman.  Its  proceedings  show 
how  vigilant  the  people  were  to  maintain  inviolate  the  regulations 
adopted  for  their  defence. 

A  charge  having  been  made  on  oath,  that  Thomas  Chipchase,  of  the 
city,  butcher,  on  the  23d  day  of  May  last,  had  killed  several  lambs, 
he  was  ordered  to  attend.  He  appeared,  and  confessed  the  fact,  al- 
leging, in  excuse,  that  he  understood  that  there  was  no  absolute  pro- 
hibition by  the  continental  congress,  and  that  the  scarcity  of  provi- 
sions at  that  time  would  plead  for  him,  and  what  he  did  was  from  a 
a  desire  of  supplying  the  many  strangers  in  town.  But  as  he  had 
since  been  informed  that  such  procedure  was  contrary  to  a  resolve  of 
the  provincial  convention,  he  would  take  care  to  offend  in  that  man- 
ner no  more,  and  hoped  the  committee  would  forgive  him.  The  sense 
of  the  committee  being  taken  on  the  above,  they  declared  it  a  breach 
of  the  resolve  of  the  provincial  convention,  respecting  the  killing  of 
lambs ;  but,  all  circumstances  considered,  they  were  of  opinion  he 
ought  to  be  forgiven. 


176  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

It  will  still  further  be  seen  by  the  following,  as  well  as  by  other  in- 
stances quoted,  that  the  committee  of  observation  of  Anne  Arundel 
.county  and  the  city  of  Annapolis,  was  no  idle  form,  but  it  was  vigi- 
lant   in    searching-   out    offences,    and    inexorable  in   their  punish- 

On'the  28tli  day  of  June,  Capt.  Charles  Plenzell,  ('f  the  ship  Ad- 
venture, informed  the  committee  of  his  arrival  willi  goods  on  board, 
cleared  for  Maryland,  his  cargo  consisting  of  two  hundred  dozen  por- 
ter, one  hundred  pipes  in  packs.  3,000  weight  of  cheese,  and  forty- 
two  chaldron  of  coals,  Winchester  mec.sure — also  al)out  seventy  pas- 
sengers, including  servants.  The  captain  testified  on  oath  that  unfav- 
orable winds  prevented  landing  at  Madeira,  where  he  intended  to  sell 
liis  goods.  The  committee  refused  to  allow  him  to  land  his  goods, 
l)ut  gave  him  permission  to  land  his  passengers.  Those  of  the 
committee  who  were  present,  were  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton, 
Matthias  Ilaiinnond,  -John  Bullen,  Charles  Wallace,  .John  Allen  Quinn, 
John  Brice,  and  Dr.  Richard  Fostell — Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton, 
nresiding,  and  G.  Duvall,  Clerk. 

At  a  convention  of  the  people  of  Maryland,  July  26,  1775,  at  An- 
napolis, a  temporary  form  of  government  was  established,  which  en- 
dured until  the  constitution  of  IS.")!  was  adopted.  While  other  States 
had  acted  by  the  advice  of  Congress  in  establishing  similar  forms  of  gov- 
ernment, Maryland  moved  solely  by  its  own  volition.  Charles  Carroll, 
of  Carrollton,  and  Charles  Carroll,  barrister,  were  members  of  the 
^Committee  of  Safety  under  its  first  organization,  from  Annapolis. 

At  a  meeting  of  a  number  of  tiie  inhabitants  of  Anne  Arundel 
county  and  city  of  Annapolis,  at  said  city,  on  Sept.  12.  1775  ; 

Present,  eight  members  of  the  late  Convention  : 

Charles  Carroll,  barrister,  in  the  chair,  Gabriel  Duvall,  (derk,  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  Samuel  Chase,  Thomas  Johnson,  John  Hall,  Wil- 
liam Paca,  B.  T.  B.  Worthington,  Matthias  Hammond.  Charles  Car- 
roll, barrister,  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  Capt.  William  Hyde, 
Rezin  Hammon,  John  BuUen,  Capt.  Richard  Fostell,  John  Weems, 
Joseph  Galloway,  Stephen  Stewart,  John  Thomas,  Thorn.  Tillard. 
Marmaduke  Wyvill,  Thomas  Watkin's,  son,  Thomas  Dorsey,  John 
Dorsey,  son  of  Michael,  Edward  Gaither,  Jun.,  Caleb  Dorsey,  Rich- 
ard Stringer,  Dr.  Chas.  Alexander  Warfield,  John  Burgeiis,  John 
Davis,  Benjamin  Howard,  Elijah  Robinson,  and  Thomas  Hammond, 
or  any  seven  or  more  of  them  be,  and  they  are  here  by  appointed  a 
committee  of  observation  for  this  county  for  a  term  of  one  year. 

"Resolved,  That  Charles  Carroll,  barrister,  Thomas  Johnson,  Jun., 
Samuel  Chase,  William  Paca  and  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  Esq., 
or  any  three  or  more  of  them,  be  delegates  to  represent  this  county 
in  convention  for  the  said  term  of  one  year." 

In  committee,  Annapolis,  Wednesday,  13th  of  September  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollten,  Brice  T.  B.  Worth- 
ington, Capt.  William  Hyde,  Matthias  Hammond,  Dr.  Richard  Fos- 
tell, John  BuUen,  and  John  Thomas,  be  a  committee  to  license  suits 
in  this  connty  during  the  term  of  one  year. 

"Resolved,  That  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  B.  T.  B.  Worth- 
ington, Capt.  William  Hyde,  Matthias  Hammond,  and  Dr.  Richard 
Fostell  be  a  committee  of  correspondence  for  this  county  for  the  said 
j^erm  of  one  year. 


History  of   Annapolis.  177 

"That  tlie  pavliaiiieutaiy  post  l)e  prohibited,  and  that  tliis  roso- 
luiiou  be  strictly  enforced  by  the  several  committees  of  observation. 

''That  no  vessel  leave  this  province  witliout  a  license  from  this  con- 
vention, neither  shall  any  skipper  carry  any  person,  or  letter,  without 
giving  previous  notice,  though  this  does  not  apply  to  vessels  going  up 
the  Potomac,  or  the  passage  of  the  Pocomoke  ferry." 

On  December  28,  im  evidence  of  the  zeal  of  the  convention,  was 
given  by  the  publication  by  their  order  of  a  well  established  process 
for  making  crude  nitre . 

On  January  21st,  1776,  the  Council  of  Safety,  "Resolved,  That 
Messrs.  Lancelot  .Tacques,  Charles  Wallace,  William  Hyde,  Allen 
Quynn,  James  Brice,  William  Whetcroft,  and  Beriah  Marybury,  or 
any  three  of  them,  be  requested  to  make  a  chart  of  the  land  and 
water  at  the  mouths  of  this  river,  specifying  the  width  and  depth  of 
the  channel  between  Horn  Point  and  (rreenbury's  Point,  and  some  dis- 
tance without  and  witliin  the  same." 

This  chart,  returned  on  the  16th  of  iMarch  following,  has  been  lost. 
The  convention  of  ^Maryland  appropriated  £5,900  to  fortify  Annapo- 
lis. The  Council  of  Safety  desired  a  larger  sum,  suggesting  that, 
with  an  increased  appropriation,  batteries  might  be  erected  on  Greens- 
bury's  and  Wind  Mill  Points,  and  other  places,  between  those  loca- 
tions and  Annapolis,  that  would  prevent  men  of  war  from  apprach- 
ing  Annapolis.  The  council  was  thereupon  given  leave  to  draw  on 
the  treasury  for  whatever  sums  it  might  deem  necessary  to  com- 
plete the  fortifications  and  to  build  a  number  of  "row-gallies  or  gon- 
dolas." 

Fortifications  were  erected  on  Horn  Point,  Beaman's  Hill,  and 
Wind  Mill  Point,  besides  several  breast  works  were  thrown  up  at  other 
places.  They  were  finished  with  great  celerity,  under  the  direction 
of  Messrs.  James  Brice,  John  Bullen,  Charles  Wallace,  William  Wil- 
kin s,  Beriah  Marybury,  John  Brice,  John  Campbell,  Joshua  Frazier 
and  Allen  Quynn. 

Whilst  these  preparations  were  made  to  receive  the  expected  men- 
of-war,  the  ]niblic  mind,  Ijy  dwelling  upon  the  subject,  became  un- 
usually alert  to  credit  alarming  reports.  On  the  fifth  of  March, 
about  eight  in  the  evening,  information  was  received,  that  a  ship  of 
war  was  on  her  passage  up  the  bay,  and  no  distance  from  the  city. 

"The  consternation,"  says  Mr.  Eddis,  who  was  present,  "occasioned 
be  this  information,  exceeds  description.  Tne  night  was  tempestuous  ; 
extremely  dark  ;  and  the  rain  descended  in  torrents  ;  notwithstanding 
which,  many  persons  began  to  remove  their  effects  ;  and  the  streets 
were  quickly  crowded  with  carriages,  laden  with  furniture  and  prop- 
erty of  various  kinds.  A  little  reflection  must  have  made  it  evident, 
that,  without  violent  provocation,  hostilities  would  not  have  com- 
menced :  and,  at  all  events,  that  timely  notice  would  have  been  given, 
previous  to  any  Ijombardment. .  It  ought  to  have  been  considered, 
that  a  governor,  acting  under  the  authority  of  Great  Britain,  was  resi- 
dent in  the  town,  and,  apparently,  exercising  the  powers  withwhicli  he 
was  invested.  Xo  complaint  had  been  transmitted,  on  his  ])art,  rela- 
tive to  the  treatment  experienced  by  him,  and  the  adherents  of  the  ad- 
ministration. His  prudent  and  consistent  conduct  had  greatly  tended 
^to  prevent  personal  outrages,  and  under  such  circumstances,  it  was 
12 


178  ''The  Ancient   City." 

manifest,  that  no  commander  in  his  Majesty's  service,  conld  liave" 
formed  tlic  most  distant  idea  of  j^roceeding  to  extremities,  without 
communicating  his  intentions  to  the  supreme  magistrate,  .^•h()  was  un- 
doubtedly a  valuable  pledge  in  the  hands  of  the  people,  to  secure 
themselves  and  property  from  immediate  violence. 

"But  as  reason  seldom  operates  under  instantaneous  imfiressions, 
the  Governor  resolved  to  pursue  every  eligible  method  that  might  ef- 
fectually remove  the  apprehensions  so  universally  entertained.  Ac- 
tuated by  such  motives,  he  made  i.nmediate  application  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety,  and,  in  order  to  dissipate  the  general  anxiety,  proposed 
sending  a  flag  of  truce  on  board  his  Majesty's  ship,  the  instant  she 
made  her  appearance,  or  came  to  an  anchor  off  the  harbor.  An  offer, 
so  evidently  tending  to  preserve  the  public  tranquility,  was  accepted 
with  everysuitable  acknowledment  ;  and,  on  the  seventh  instant,  a 
ship  of  war,  accompanied  by  a  tender,  passed  by  Annajjolis,  I  had  the 
lionour  to  be  deputed  to  perform  this  service :  on  which  occasion  J 
thought  it  necetsary,  in  order  to  obviate  any  misrepresentation,  to- 
transcribe  ;  as  follows,  the  substance  of  my  negotiation,  for  tlie  in- 
spectation  of  the  Govei'nor.  the  Council  of  Safety,  and  the  Committee 
of  Observation. 

Friday,  March  8tli. 

"By  order  of  his  Excellency  the  Governor,  and,  with  the  approba- 
tion of  the  president  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  I  repaired  yesterday 
on  board  his  Majesty's  sloop,  the  Otter,  commanded  l)y  Ca})tain 
Squire,  then  lying  at  anchor  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  between  MagotJiy 
River  and  the  Bodkin  ;  and  delivered  to  him  a  letter  from  the  Gov- 
ernor, to  which  a  satisfactory  answer  was  reti-irned.  and  immediately 
made  known,  for  the  general  inf or, nation  of  the  citizens  of  AnnaiHj- 
lis." 

Whilst  one  part  of  tile  people  were  alarmed  at  the  approach  of  the 
man-of-war,  which  proved  to  lie  the  sloop  of  war  Otter.  Capt.  Squire, 
and  two  tenders,  the  necessary  disposition  of  troops  was  made  to  re- 
ceive the  enemy  in  case  he  thought  proper  to  land,  and  expresses  W(>re 
dispatched  to  Baltimore  and  other  paits  of  the  province  to  communi- 
cate the  presence  of  the  foe.  The  Otter  continued  up  Magothy  River 
where  she  took  a  ship  loaded  with  wheat  and  flour,  and  several  other 
prizes.  These,  whilst  in  charge  of  the  Otter's  tenders,  were  subse- 
quently recaptured  by  the.  Defence,  Capt.  Nicholson,  the  Otter  stand- 
ing by  and  not  offering  assistance  to  her  consorts. 

Mr.  Eddis  gives  a  clear  insight  into  the  inner  life  of  Annapolis  at 
this  interesting  period.  May  20,  1776,  he  wrote  to  England  from  An- 
napolis ; 
_  "In  consequence  of  residing  with  the  governor,  I  expected  an  exemp- 
tion from  any  penalties  inflicted  on  pei-sons,  who  had  refused  to  asso- 
ciate or  enrol.  But  in  this  idea  I  was  very  materially  mistaken.  The 
committee  of  observation  will  not  consider  me  as  a  member  of  his  ex- 
cellency's household  ;  alleging  in  support  of  their  opinion,  that  I  hold 
offices  immediately  dependent  on  the  province.  These  are  not  times 
to  dispute  nice  points.  I  have  therefore  paid  ten  pounds  for  my  fine, 
and  have  taken  a  receipt  for  the  same.  My  arms  have  likewise  been 
demanded.  I  am,  however,  happy  to  inform  you,  that  I  have  con- 
stantly been  treated  with  kind  attention,  even  by  political  opponents. 
It  is  my  endeavour  to  regulate  my  conduct  with  propriety  ;  carefully" 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F     A  N  N  A  P  0  L  1  S  .  1 7!> 

avoiding  mixed  company  :  taking;  heed  that  'I  offend  not  with  my 
tongne  ;"  and  not  ]ierniitting  my  pen  to  expatiate  on  the  tendency  of 
public  transactions.  I  intrust  this  to  the  care  of  a  friend,  V)0un(l  to 
ijisbon  ;  may  it  safely  reach  you  !" 

The  Council  of  Safety,  fearing  that  the  large  number  of  slaughtor- 
liouscs  then  in  Annapolis,  would  engender  disease,  adopted  on  July 
22d,  the  following  : 

"  WhereoH,  it  hath  been  represented  to  the  Council  of  Safety  liy 
jihysicians  and  others,  that  the  intolerable  stench  arising  fmm  slaugh- 
ter-houses and  spreading  hides  to  dry  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  may 
be  productive  of  pestilential  disorders  and  ill  consequences  to  the 
troops  and  others  residing  in  the  said  city  :  Therefore,  ordered,  that 
no  butcher  or  other  person  shall,  after  the  36th  of  this  instant,  presume 
to  slaughter  bullocks,  mutton,  or  any  kind  of  meat,  or  put  up  green 
hides  to  cure  within  the  limits  of  said  city  for  and  during  the  terras 
of  three  months,  thence  next  ensuing." 

On  the  18th  of  December,  sevei'al  of  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  hav- 
ing received  letters  demanding  their  immediate  departure  from  1;he 
city,  and  the  Council  of  Safety  being  informed  thereof,  expressed  its 
sense  of  the  illegality  of  such  a  measure,  by  the  following  proceedings  : 
"///  Coivicil  of  Safety,  December  19,  1776. 

"We  are  called  upon  by  the  duty  of  our  station  to  take  notice  of 
the  powers  assumed  by  some  jiersons  yesterday  evening  in  ordering 
divers  of  thejnhabitants  of  the  city  of  Annapolis  into  banishnient, 
without  any  cause  assigned,  by  cards  transmitted  them.  We  are  of 
opinion  such  cards  ai'e  contrary  to  our  association,  flying  in  the  face 
of  the  resolves  of  congress  and  convention,  and  against  the  letter  and 
spirit  of  our  declaration  of  rights.  The  peace  of  the  State  ought 
and  must  be  preserved,  and  all  offenders  brought  before  the  proper 
judicatures  for  trial.  Therefore  we  earnestly  recommend  to  all  asso- 
ciators  and  other  well  disposed  persons  to  discourage  such  extra  ju- 
dicial and  disorderly  proceedings,  tending  in  their  consequences  to 
jirejudice  the  common  cause,  and  to  the  destruction  of  order  and  regu- 
lar government." 

On  the  23d  of  the  same  month,  the  Council  of  Safety  transacted 
the  following  : 

"  Wheiras,  we  have  received  information  that  on  Wednesday.  ISth 
day  of  this  instant,  (December)  in  the  evening,  cards  were  delivered 
to  sundry  persons  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  to  the  following  effect  : 

•'  'You  are  hereby  ordered  to  depart  this  city  tomorrow,  !*  o'clock. 

Signed.  J,  Wehms. 

"  'In  behalf  of  Anne  Arundel  county  :'  " 

"Which  cards  we  are  informed  were  delivered  by  Stephen  Stewart, 
Junior,  the  Council  of  Safety  having  taken  the  same  into  considera- 
tion, ai-e  of  opinion  that  such  cards  are  conti'ary  to  the  resolves  of 
congress  and  convention,  and  against  the  21st  section  of  the  declara- 
tion of  rights,  which  asserts 

"That  no  freeman  ought  to  be  taken  or  imprisoned,  or  deprived  of 
his  freehold,  liberties,  or  privileges,  or  outlawed,  or  exiled,  or  in  any 
manner  destroyed,  or  deprived  of  his  life,  liberty  or  property,  but  by 
the  judgment  of  his  peers  or  by  the  law  of  the  land," 

"Ordered,  therefore,  that  the  said  John  Weems  and  Stephen  Stew- 
art, Junior,  attend  the  Council  of  Safety  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  De- 


180  ' 'The   Ancient   City.  '  ' 

cember,  to  shew  liy  what  autliovity  the  said  cards  were  so  made  out 
and  delivered." 

On  the  30th  of  December,  Colonel  John  Weems  and  Stejihen  btew- 
art.  Junior,  accordingly  appeared  before  the  Council  of  Safety,  and 
acknowledged  that  they  had  been  active  in  making  out  and  delivering 
the  ('ards  mentioned  in' the  order  of  the  board,  and  having  promised 
that  they  would  not  iuteruieddle  in  the  same  manner  again,  but  would 
leave  all  persons  to  be  dealt  with  according  to  the  law  of  the  land, 
they  were  dismissed  by  the  council,  m  condition  that  they  ])ay  the 
messenger  his  fees. 

Annapolis,  the  centre  of  State  Government,  felt  every  throb  of  the 
revi)!iition.  Here  most  of  the  political  movements  and  martial 
preparations  in  the  State  had  their  initiative.  Its  people  were  strained 
to  the  utmost  tension  of  excitement  and  were  sullen  and  inimical  to 
those  who  did  not  share  their  jnitriotic  sentiments  though  always 
keeping  within  those  bounds  that  courage  ami  principle  outline  for 
the  conduct  of  brave  men  against  an  enemy  in  their  power. 

On  July  6,  1776,  the  Maryland  Convention  then  in  session  at  An- 
napolis issued  the  following  : 

AxNAPOi.is,  Ju/jj  0th,  1776. 

•'A  Declaration  of  tlie  Delegates  of  Maryland. 

"To  be  exempt  from  parliamentary  taxation,  and  to  regulate  their 
internal  government  and  polity,  the  peo])le  of  this  colony  have  ever 
considered  as  their  inherent  and  unalienable  right  ;  without  the 
former,  they  can  have  no  property  ;  without  the  latter,  no  security 
for  their  lives  or  liberties. 

•'The  parliament  of  Great  Britian  has  of  late  claimed  an  uncon- 
trollable right  of  binding  these  colonies  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  to 
force  an  unconditional  submission  to  this  claim  the  legislative  and 
executive  powers  of  that  state  have  invariably  pursued,  lor  these  ten 
years  past,  a  studied  system  of  oppression,  by  ])assing  many  impolitic, 
severe,  ard  cruel  acts  for  raising  a  revenue  from  the  colonists,  by  de- 
priving them  in  many  cases  of  trial  by  jury,  by  altering  the  chartered 
constitution  of  one  colony,  and  the  entire  stoj)page  of  the  trade  of  its 
capital,  by  cutting  off  all  intercourse  between  the  colonies,  by  restrain- 
ing them  from  fishing  on  their  own  coasts,  by  extending  the  limits  of, 
and  erecting,  an  arbitrary  government  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  by 
confiscating  the  property  of  the  colonists  taken  on  the  seas,  and  com- 
pelling the  crews  of  their  vessels,  under  the  pain  of  death,  to  act 
against  their  native  country  and  dearest  friends,  by  declaring  all 
seizures,  detention,  or  destruction  of  the  persons,  or  property  of  the 
colonists,  to  be  legal  and  just. 

'•A  war,  unjustly  commenced,  hath  been  prosecuted  against  the 
united  colonies  with  cruelty,  outrageous  violence,  and  perfidy  :  slaves, 
savages,  and  foreign  mercenaries  have  been  meanlv  hired  to  rob  a  peo- 
ple of  their  property,  liberty,  and  lives  :  a  people"  guiltv  of  no  other 
cnme  than  deeming  the  last  of  no  estimation  without  the  secure 
enjoyment  of  the  former.  Their  humble  and  dutiful  petitions  for 
peace,  liberty,  and  safety  have  been  rejected  with  scorn  ;  secure  of, 
and  relying  on,  foreign  aid,  not  on  his  national  forces,  the  unrelent- 
ing monarch  of  Britian  hath,  at  length,  avowed  by  his  answer  lo  the 
city  of  London,  his  determined  and  inexorable  resolution  of  reducing 
these  colonies  to  abject  slavery. 


H  I  S  T  0  R  Y   0  F   A  X  N  A  P  0  L  1  S  .  181 

"CoiiipclkHl  by  dire  necessity,  eitlier  to  surrender  our  ])ro]ierties, 
liberties,  and  lives,  into  the  hands  of  a  British  king  and  parliament, 
or  to  use  such  means  as  will  most  probably  secure  to  us  and  oui'  pos- 
terity those  invaluable  blessings. 

"We,  tlie  delegates  of  Maryland,  in  convention  assembled,  do  de- 
clare, that  tlie  king  of  G-reat  Britian  has  violated  his  compact  vvith 
this  people,  and  that  they  owe  no  allegiance  to  him.  We  have,  there- 
fore thought  it  just  and  necessary  to  empower  our  deputies  in  congress 
to  join  with  a  majority  of  the  united  colonies  in  declaring  them  free 
and  independent  States,  in  framing  such  other  confederacy  between 
them,  in  making  foreign  alliances,  and  in  adopting  such  other  meas- 
ures as  shall  be  judged  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  their  lil)cr- 
ties  ;  provided  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of  regulating  the  internal 
polity  and  government  of  this  colony  be  reserved  to  the  people  thereof . 
We  have  also  thought  proper  to  call  a  new  convention,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  establishing  a  government  in  this  colony.  No  ambitious  views, 
no  desire  of  independence,  induce  the  people  of  Maryland  to  form  an 
union  with  the  other  colonies.  To  procure  an  exemption  from  parli,^- 
nientary  taxation  and  to  continue  to  the  legislatures  of  these  colonies 
the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of  regulating  their  internal  polity,  was 
our  original  and  only  motive. 

"To  maintain  inviolate  our  liberties,  and  to  transmit  them  unim- 
paired to  posterity,  was  our  duty  and  first  wish  ;  our  next,  to  con- 
tinue connected  with,  and  dependent  on  Great  Britain.  For  the 
truth  of  these  assertions,  we  appeal  to  that  Almighty  Being  who  is 
emphatically  styled  the  searcher  of  hearts,  and  from  whose  onniis- 
ciencc  nothing  is  concealed.  Kelying  on  his  divine  protection  and  as- 
sistance, and  trusting  to  the  justice  of  our  cause,  we  exhort  and  con- 
jure every  virtuous  citizen  to  join  cordially  in  defence  of  our  common 
rights,  and  hi  maintenance  of  the  freedom  of  this  and  her  sister  col- 
onies.'"* 

At  a  meeting  of  the  associators  of  the  city  of  Annapolis,  on  Thurs- 
day, the  11th  of  July,  177G,  William  Roberts,  Esq.,  Chairman,  and 
Jno.  Duckett,  Clerk,  it  was 

"1st  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  inhabitant  of  the  city 
of  Annapolis,  and  all  persons  having  property  therein,  to  contribute 
every  assistance  in  their  power  foi-  the  protection  and  defence  of  the 
city  and  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  that  Mr.  James  Brice,  Mr.  John 
Bullen,  jMr.  Charles  Wallace,  Mv.  William  Wilkins.  Mr.  Beriah  May- 
bury,  Mr.  John  Brice  and  Mr.  John  Campbell,  or  a  majority  of  them, 
or  of  any  three  or  more  of  them,  be  a  committee  to  act  on  behalf  of 
the  inhabitants  of  this  city,  and  that  they  wait  on  the  Council  of 
Safety,  and  inform  them  that  the  inhabitants  will  afford  every  assis- 
tance in  their  power  for  putting  the  city  into  the  best  posture  of  de- 
fence ;  and  that  the  inhabitants  will,  in  person,  or  by  others  employed 
at  their  expense,  labour  on  any  intrenchments  or  works,  which  the 
council  shall  think  necessary. 

"2d.  Resolved.  That  the  said  committee  be  empowered  to  call  on 
every  person,  having  property  tlierein,  to  labor  in  person,  ortofurnis-h 
some  person  to  labor  in  his  stead,  at  such  time  and  place  as  the  com- 
mittee shall  think  proper,  on  the  works  as  may  be  ordered  liy  the 
Council  of  Safety,  to  be  erected  for  the  defence  of  the  city. 

*  Annals  ol  Annapolis,  p.  177. 


182  ''TheAxcientCity.'' 

••;kl.  Resiolved,  That  the  said  committee  be  authorized  to  execute 
all  matters  wliifh  may  be  recommended  hj  the  Council  of  Safety,  for 
the  defence  of  the  city,  or  for  keeping  the  peace  and  good  order 
therein. 

'•4th.  Eesolved,  That  no  member  of  this  meeting  will,  and  that  it 
is  the  opinion  of  meeting  that  no  inhabitant  of  the  city  of  Annapolis 
ought,  to  buy  from  or  employ,  any  merchant,  tradesman,  or  any  other 
person  who  hath  not  subscribed  the  association. 

"oth.  llesolved.  That  application  bt  made  by  the  committee  to  the 
Council  of  Safety  not  to  employ  in  the  public  service  any  non-associa- 
tor.  and  that  they  lie  requested  to  give  a  preference  to  such  tradesmen 
and  others  have  manifested  their  attachment  and  zeal  to  the  liberties 
of  America. 

''Ordered,  That  copies  of  the  above  resolutions  be  transmitted  by 
the  chairman  to  the  associators  of  Baltimore  town  for  their  opinion 
and  concurrence. 

'•Ordered,  That  the  names  of  the  non-associators  in  tliis  city  lie 
published  and  distributed  among  the  inhabitants. 

"Resolved,  That  this  meeting  be  adjourned  to  the  10th  day  of  Au- 
gust next,  and  that  the  committee  have  power  to  call  a   meeting  at 
any  time  Ijefore,  if  they  shall  think  pro;;er. 
••True  copy  of  the  proceedings, 

'Test: — Jxo.  Duckett,  Clerk. "t 

July  10th,  six  companies  of  the  first  battalion  of  Maryland  troops, 
stationed  at  Annapolis,  and  commanded  by  Col.  Wm.  Smallwood,  em- 
barked for  the  head  of  Elk  in  high  spirits,"  and  three  companies  of  the 
same  battalion,  stationed  in  Baltimore  town,  eml)arked  the  same  day 
for  the  same  place,  from  thence  they  were  to  proceed  to  Pliila- 
delphia. 

[1777.]  In  the  latter  par^  of  June.  177(),  Gov.  Eden  left  Annapo- 
lis :  but  Mr.  Eddis  and  another  English  officer  continued  to  discharge 
their  duties  to  May  30th.  1777,  eleven  months  after  tlie  Declaration 
of  Independence,  wlieu  they  were  given  a  most  "ample  and  honora- 
ble discharge  from  that  employment.'"  June  7th,  Mr.  Eddis  took 
leave  with  a  distressed  mind  of  a  few  faithful  friends  in  Annapolis, 
and  set  sail  for  England. 

March  5th,  31artha,  wife  of  George  Washington,  passed  through 
Annapolis,  on  her  way  northward. 

On  Friday.  March  '21st,  1777,  Thomas  Johnson,  the  first  republican 
governor  oi  Maryland,  was  jiroclaimed  the  executive  of  the  State  at 
the  State  Ikjusc.  in  the  presence  of  a  great  concourse  of  people  "all  of 
whom  expressed  the  highest  pleasure '"in  the  proceedings." 

The  procession  began  at  the  assembly  house,  and  proceeded  in  rlie 
following  order,  to  wit  : 

High  Sheriff. 

The  Hon.  the  President  of  the  Senate. 

Senators. 

Governor. 

Council. 

Sergeant  at  Arms  with  the  Mace. 

The  Hon.  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 

Delegates. 

t   Aniiais  orAnniij.olifi,  p.  iso. 


H  I  S  T  O  14  Y    OF     A  N  N  A  P  O  I,  I  y  .  183 

Mayor  of  the  city  and  Recorder. 
Aldermen. 
Cominoii  Courieil. 
Military  Officers, 
(rentleraeu  Strangers. 
Citizens. 
Silence   being  conuuauded,   the  high  sheriff  then  proclaimed  the 
•goveriior. 

On  the  signal  three  vcllies  of  small-arms  from  the  soldiers,  who 
were  paraded  in  front  of  the  State  house,  and  thirteen  cannons  were 
fired. 

The  procession  tiien  returned  as  follows  : 

High  Sheriff. 

His  Excellency  the  Governor. 

The  Council. 

The  Hon.  the  President  of  the  Senate. 

Senators. 
The  Sergeant  at  Arms  with  his  Mace. 
The  Hon.  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 
Delegates. 
[Mayor  and  Recorder  of  tiie  city. 
Aldermen. 
Common  Council. 
Military  Officers- 
Gentlemen  Strangers. 
Citizens, 
and  rt  i)aired   to  tlie  collee-house,  where  an  entertaimnent   was  pro- 
vided, the  field  officers  of  the  army  and  strangers  thei.  in  town  lieing 
iill  i)resent. 

After  dinner  the  following  toasts  were  drank  : 

1.   Pei-petual  union  and  friendship  between  the  States  of  A7nerica. 

'2.  The  freedom  and  independency  of  the  American  States. 

ii.  Prosperity  to  Maryland. 

4.  The  Congress. 

r>.  General  Washington  and  the  American  army. 

n.  The  American  navy. 

7.  The  arts  and  sciences. 

8.  Agriculture. 

0.  Trade  and  navigation. 

10.  The  friends  of  liberty  throughout  the  woild. 

11.  The  memory  of  the  brave  patriots  who  have  fallen  in  tin;  cause 
of  America. 

13.  General  Lee  and  our  other  friends  in  captivity, 
i;].  Wisdom  and   unaniuiity  in  the  councils  of    America,   and   un- 
daunted courage  in  her  forces  to  execute  her  measures. 

The  whole  concluded  with  an  elegant  ball  in  the  evening. 

A  matross,  belonging  to  one  of  the  companies  stationed  liere,  getting 
in  the  smoke  before  one  of  the  cannons,  just  as  it  was  fired,  unluippily 
lost  his  life. 

About  9  A.  M.,  on  Thursday,  the  21st  of  August,  a  considerable 
number  of  British  men  of  war,  transports  and  other  vessels,  passed 
the  mouth  of  tlie  Severn,  and  stood  up  the  bay.  Immediately  after 
the  fleet  had  passed  Annapolis,  Governor  Johnson  issued  a  proclama- 


184  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

tion  calling-  on  all  the  county  lieutenants,  field  ftiid  other  oflficers  of 
the  militia  of  Maryland,  'of  the  United  States,  to  march  at 
least,  two  full  companies  of  each  battalion  at  once,  to  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  Susquehanna  River,  in  Cecil  and  Harford  counties.  lie 
concluded  his  proclamation  :  "To  defend  our  liberties,  requires  our 
exertions  ;  our  wives,  our  children,  and  otir  country,  im])lore  our  a^;- 
sistance  ;  motives  amply  sufficient  to  arm  every  one  who  can  be  called 
a  man."  The  Governor  was  encouraged  in  his  patriotic  efforts  by  in- 
formation that  the  Eastern  Shore  militia  were  collecting  in  great  num- 
bers, determined  to  make  the  most  obstinate  resistance  against  the  in- 
vasion, of  the  State. 

The  British  fleet  proceeded  to  Turkey  Point,  on  Elk  River,  near 
which  the  British  army,  under  Sir  William  Howe,  was  quartered. 

October  9.  Samuel  Chase  and  John  Brice.  Esq.,  were  chosen  to 
represent  this  city  in  the  General  Assembly — the  first  gentleman  de- 
clinhig  to  serve,  Allen  Quynn,  Esq.,  was  elected. 

[1778.]  Early  in  1778,  Count  Pulaski's  legion  of  cavalry  and  in- 
fantry, raised  partly  in  this  State,  was  organized  at  Annapolis.  The 
corps  suifered  sev^erely  in  New  Jersey  the  saine  year,  and  tlie  next  lost 
their  heroic  leader  in  Georgia. 

Allen  Quynn  and  Samuel  Chase  were  elected  this  year  delegates 
from  Annapolis  to  the  Legislature. 

The  Gazette,  in  consequence  of  the  high  price  of  jiro visions,  raised 
its  subscription  to  five  pounds  per  annum. 

During  this  year,  a  considerable  number  of  citizens  of  Annapo- 
lis, assembled  in  meeting.  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  in  the  cliair, 
and  passed  resolutions  that  a  certain  Mr.  John  liawrence  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  "ought  to  depart  the  city  and  not  return  witliout 
permission  of  the  Gover!;or  and  Council,"  fo"r  having  made  threats  of 
violence  and  attempted  to  put  them  in  execution  against  Governor 
Johnson,  for  carrying  into  operation  against  him  a  law  that  looked  to 
the  ascertainment  of  the  fact,  or  not,  if  the  pei'son  has  taken  the  oath 
of  fealty  required  by  this  State,  and  to  require  him  to  take  the  one 
prescribed  by  Maryland,  or  be  fined,  imprisoned,  or  returned  to  his  own 
State.  Mr.  Carroll,  Mr.  Jenning,  Mr.  Brice,  Mr.  Davidson,  and  3Ir. 
Paca  were  appointed  a  committee  to  present  the  respective  ]jarties 
with  the  meaning  of  the  resolution.  On  the  certificate  of  the  ill- 
health  of  Mr.  Lawrence  by  Dr.  Murray,  he  was  allowed  to  remain  in 
the  e;ty  until  he  could  be  removed  with  safety. 

The  Legislature  which  adjourned  December  ;50th,  passed  an  act  to 
enable  the  corporation  of  the  city  of  Ainiapolis  to  sell  certain  lands,  to 
lay  a  further  tax  on  property,  within  the  said  citv  and  its  precincts, 
to  regulate  and  license  ordinaries  and  retailers  of  spirituous  liquors 
withm  the  said  city  and  precincts  thereof. 

[17^80  ]  The  Gazette  of  January  28th,  1780,  reduced  bv  the  war  to 
a  halt  sheet,  said  "several  persons  have  gone  from  this  to  Poplar  Is- 
land Kock-Hall.  and  Baltimore-Towni.  on  the  ice.  and  are  crossing  to 
and  ti-om  Kent  Island  every  day,  which  has  not  been  known  before  by 
our  oldest  inhal^itants,  nor  has  the  like  ever  happened,  we  believe, 
since  the  memory  of  man." 

On  the  4th  of  February,  the  Gazett,'  ofllce  was  burned.  The  prin- 
ters returned  their  sincere  thanks  'to  their  fellow-citizens  for  their 
assistaneeonthat  unhappy  occasion,  and  in  a   particular  manner  to- 


History  of  Annapolis.  185- 

those,  whose  exertions  preserved  their  goods  and  rescned  their  dwell- 
ing-house from  the  flames." 

An  elaborate  discussion,  by  means  of  communications  in  tlie 
(idzette,  took  place  in  the  early  part  of  this  year  upon  the  question  of 
confiscating  the  property  of  British  subjects.  It  was  participated  in 
by  a  number  of  correspondents  under  various  signatures  such  as  "'A 
Senator,"  "Publicola,"  "APlebian,"  "A  Sentry,"  and  "A  Native  of 
North-Britain."  To  show  the  warmth,  with  which  the  contest  was 
carried  on.  the  following  is  extracted  from  a  couimnuication  published 
under  date  of  February  27th  : 

•'It  is  ji.stly  alarming  to  see  principles  like  the  Senator's  (the  Sena- 
tor defended  the  action  of  the  Senate  in  not  agreeing  to  the  House- 
Act  to  confiscate  the  property  in  (piestion.)  spread  in  a  free  country, 
when  two  years  ago,  if  any  man  had  talked  in  that  manner,  he  would 
as  soon  have  dared  to  piit  himself  in  the  fire,  and  be  tarred  and 
feathered,  especially  a  member  of  our  assemljly.  Good  God  I  ^\'hat 
is  this  State  come  to,  to  be  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain  ?  and  we  can- 
not take  the  property  of  our  enemies  to  pay  our  taxes  when,  if  it  was 
in  their  power,  they  would  take  our  lives.  It  is  time  for  men  to  trim 
and  make  fair  weuther  on  both  sides  ;  but  I  can  say  this,  though  I 
cannot  write.  I  can  tliink  ;  and  I  have  borne  a  firelock  ;  and  I  can  say 
it  is  toryisin.  The  Plebian  is  the  echo  of  his  voice,  and  the  hot-bed 
of  a  furnace  in  all  diabolical  plots  and  conspiracies.  God  deliver  this 
country  from  them.  I  am,  your  luimble  servant,  a  Sentry,  Elk 
Ridge,  February  27,  1780." 

In  tlie  same  paper,  -^A  Native  of  yortli-Brttahi,'^  exhibited  in  him- 
self the  great  personal  liberty  enjoyed  in  this  intensely  patriotic  com- 
monwealth hy  writing  under  date  of  FeVjruary  28,  and  saying  that  by 
the  1)111  of  rights  of  tiiis  county  "we  are  still  the  subjects  of  Britain, 
and  under  the  realm  of  that  kingdom  :"  and  remarks  that  "it  would 
be  a  great  force  put  on  any  who  have  come  to  my  time  of  day,  to  cast 
off  their  native  country.""  He  naively  adds:  "I  would  give  the  best 
coat  on  my  back  to  see  a  termination  of  the  dispute."  Whether  it  was 
the  debate,  or  the  Revolution  itself,  for  which  this  handsome  sacrifice- 
would  be  made,  is  not  known. 

•'A  ^faryJand  0/??'cer,"  under  the  same  date  as  the  above  says: 
"The  Senator,  I  take  to  he  a  scary  fellow.  ■■•■  "-■■"  '•■■  France  and  Spain 
will  not  suffer  us  to  confiscate  British  property  !    I  would  see  France 

and   Spain   to before  they  should   hinder  us   from  doing  what  is 

right.  "•■■  ■'■■  Was  I  of  'the  legislative  body  I  would  have  him 
cashiered  for  hi*  meaTi  spiritedness.  He  may  do  well  enough  in 
private  life,  but  I'll  be ,  if  he  is  fit  to  wear  a  commission  in  a  pub- 
lic station." 

Notwithstanding  the  wide  margin  the  editor  allowed  for  douV)tful 
personal  epithets,  it  seems  that  even  his  doubtful  taste  was  put  to- 
a  great  strain,  for,  in  the  issue  of  March  ^rd,  he  says  :  "Scoevola  to 
the  Senator,  contains  several  questionable  passages,  and  will  be  re- 
turned to  the  author."  "Vindex  is  likewise  too  personal  and  cannot  be 
]tublished."  For  the  most  part,  however,  it  seems  the  discussion  was 
carried  on  in  a  proper,  though  animated,  s]iirit. 

Major-General  Nathaniel  Greene  and  Major-General  Baron  He  Steu- 
ben, with  their  suites,  arrived  in  Annapolis  on  Wednesday,  November 
7th.  1780,  on  their  way  southward,  the  former  to  relieve  General 
Gates  of  the  command  of  the  Southern  Troops. 


iy(j  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

Oil  the  8th  of  September,  1780,  the  news  of  Barou  De  Kalb"s  death 
readied  Annapolis.  He  died  from  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of 
Camden,  South  Carolina.  DeKalb  was  leading  his  troops,  his  be- 
loved Marylanders,  in  a  vigorous  attack,  when  he  fell  pierced  with 
,'leven  wounds.  Col.  DuBuysson  his  aid-de-carap,  embraced  him.  and, 
announcing  his  raiiic  and  nationality  to  the  encircling  foes,  begged 
tlKMu  to  spare  his  life.  The  gallant  Englishmen  responded  with  a 
soldiei-'s  answer  to  the  generous  comrade,  who,  in  protecting  his  Gen- 
eral, received  several  dangerous  wounds,  and  who,  with  DeKalb,  was 
takeu  prisoner.  Although  the  brave  officer  received  the  most  con- 
siderate attention  from  his  captors,  he  died  in  a  few  days.  His  latest 
moments  were  spent  in  dictating  a  letter  declaring  his  warmest  aflfec- 
tion  for  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  his  command ;  of  the  intense 
pleasure  it  gave  him  to  hear  from  British  officers  the  bravery  of  his 
troops  ;  of  his  own  admiration  of  the  heroic  stand  they  made  against 
superior  numbers,  after  lieing  forsaken  by  the  remainder  of  the  army  : 
of  tiie  unmeasured  dsrlight  lie  experienced  from  the  gallant  conduct  of 
tlie  Delaware  regiment  and  the  companies  of  artillery  of  his  command, 
and  of  the  affectionate  regard  iie  entertained  for  his  entire  division. 

The  citizens  of  Annapolis  particularly  mourned  DeKalb  ;  for  his 
manly  virtues,  exhibited  whilst  he  sojourned  in  the  city  recruiting  his 
troops  together  with  his  j)atriotic  conduct,  hi^d  greatly  endeared  him 
1(1  them. 

Congress,  from  a  deep  sense  of  gratitude  for  his  gallaiit   services. 

in   October,   1780,   "'Resijlved,  That  a  monument  be  erected,  to  the 

memory  of  the  late  major-general,  the  Baron  DeKalb,  in  the  city  of 

Annapolis,  in  the  State  of  Maryland,"  with  the  following  inscription  : 

"Sacred  to  the  memory  of 

The  Baron  DeKalb, 

Knight  of  the  royal  order  of  mihtary  merit. 

Brigadier  of  the  armies  of  France, 

and 

Major-general  in  the  service  of  tlie  United 

States 

of  America. 

Having  served  with  honour  and  reputation  for  three  years, 

He  gave  a  last  and  glorious  proof  of  his 

attachment  to  the  liberties  of  mankind, 

and  the  cause  of  America, 

In  the  action  near  Camden,  in  the  State  of 

South  Carolina, 

on  the  16th  August,  1780  : 

Where,  leading  on  the  troops  of  the  ^laryland 

and 

Delaware  lines,  against,  superior  numbers, 

and  animating  them  by  his  example  to  deeds 

of  valour, 

He  was  pierced  with  many  wounds  and 

on  the  10th  following  expired,  in  the  48th  year 

of  his  age. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  of  .America, 

in  gratitude  to  his  zeal,  services  and  merit, 

have  erected  this  moniuneut." 


History  OF  Annapolis.  187 

This  debt  of  one  hundred  years  standing  was  paid  by  the  Congress 
-of  1883,  and  on  the  16th  of  Angust.  1886,  the  statue  of  DeKal'b,  by 
Epliraim  Keyser.  was  unveiled  with  appropriate  cereiiionies. 

[1781.]  In  March,  1781,  Annapolis  was  blockaded  by  the  Hope 
and  tlie  Monlv,  British  sloops  of  war.  These  prevented  the  French 
troops  from  reaching  the  liead  of  Elk.  La  Fayette  found  on  arriving 
at  Annapolis,  the  people  greatly  alarmed  at  the  proximity  of  the 
British  vessels,  and  very  anxious  to  retain  the  French  troo{)s  in  the 
city.  Meanwhile  La  Fayette  contemplated  making  a  land  march 
to  the  Elk  ;  l)nt  wagons  and  horses  were  scarce  and  a  trip  that  could 
be  made  in  a  day  by  boat,  promised  to  consume  ten  days  )iy  the  fre- 
quent ferriages  across  the  months  of  rivers.  The  brave  soldier  obtained  a 
small  sloop  and  on  it  placed  two  18-pour.ders,  and.  with  this  ridicuLnisly 
unequal  force,  under  Commodore  Nicholson,  sallied  forth  to  meet  the 
-foe. 

The  little  sloop  that  liad  excited  the  contemjit  of  some  of  the  timor- 
ous citizens,  accompanied  by  another  vossel,  alarmed  the  British  so 
that  after  several  mancvuvers  they  dropped  so  far  down  the  Bay, 
that  La  Fayette  was  enabled  to  embark  with  this  army. 

On  July,  18,  1781.  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  w-as  held 
Charles  Wallace  in  the  chair,  George  Kanken  clerk,  to  take  into  eon- 
.sideration  tlie  late  law  of  the  general  assembly,  for  the  emission  of 
two  hundred  thousand  pounds,  to  defray  tlie  expenses  of  the  present 
camj)aign  ;  and  the  subscrii)tion  and  association  recommended  by  the 
legislature,  to  support  the  credit  and  value  '"f  said  emission — it  was 
among  other  things,  resolved  by  the  said  meeting — that,  as  suffi- 
cient means  could  not  be  raised  to  carry  on  war  by  taxes — that  the 
emitting  of  bills  of  credit  was  necessary,  and  deemed  it  to  be  the 
duty,  and  real  int.erest  of  every  citizen  of  the  State — who  was  de- 
termined to  prosecute  the  wai-  in  defence  of  his  property  and  liberty, 
to  exert  every  effort  to  support,  the  vidue  of  the  said  bills  of  credit, 
at  par  with  gold  and  silver — and  that  every  i:  an  ought  to  associate  to 
receive  the  said  bills  at  par. 

James  Brice,  Jeremiah  T.  Chase,  Allen  Quynn,  Frederick  Green, 
Nicholas  Maccubbin,  Jr.,  Samuel  II.  Howard,  and  Thomas  Harwood, 
Esqrs  ,  w^ere  appointed  a  committee,  to  attend  to  tiie  conduct  of  as- 
■sociators,  and  to  see  that  none  of  them  violated  theirfaith  and  honour, 
by  wilfully  depreciating  the  said  bilh;  of  credit — and  that  they  should 
publish  the  name  of  any  such  offender,  who  should  be  deemed  in- 
famous, and  that  to  deal  or  associate  thereafter  with  such  an  one, 
should  be  considered  as  dishonourable.  That  the  credit  of  the  pa])er 
money  depended  solely  on  public  opinion,  and  must  receive  its  value 
from  the  association  of  the  princijial  merchants  a!;d  inhabitants  of 
Baltimore  town,  and  the  principal  farmers  in  the  several  counties — all 
of  whom  were  earnestly  reconnnended  to  receive  it  at  par  with  specie. 

The  scenes  at  Annapolis  at  this  period  were  well  calculated  to  excite 
the  populace  to  the  utmost  of  patriotic  resolve.  At  one  day's  notice 
twenty-three  hundred  militia  assembled  at  Annapolis  from  Baltimore 
to  meet  an  expected  attack  of  tlie  British  fleet,  regiment  after  regi- 
ment of  that  glorious  old  Maryland  line  was  recruited  at  Annapolis 
and  sent  to  the  front,  French  frigates  sentinelled  the  mouth  of  the 
Severn,  and  thousands  of  French  auxiliaries  passed  through  the  city 
.tow^ards  Yorktown. 


•188  ''The  A  x  c  i  e  x  t   City.'' 

The  British  fleet,  however,  August  1781,  passed  up  York  River,  aniT 
landed  the  British  troops  at  York  and  Gloucester. 

On  the  28th  of  August,  the  third  Maryland  Regiment,  Lieut.  Col. 
Peter  Adams,  commanding,  marched  from  Annapolis  to  join  the 
Southern  army.  This  regiment  was  recruited  here,  and  had  all  the 
appearance  of"a  veteran  corps.  They  were  enlisted  for  three  years, 
and  were  well  equipped  for  tlie  field.  The  friendships,  engendered  by 
the  agreeable  social  relations  between  officers  and  citizens,  whilst  the 
recruiting  was  in  progress,  made  the  departure  of  the  regiment  one  of 
general  regret.  The  ardor  of  the  soldiers  on  the  prospect  of  meeting 
the  enemy,  and  the  martial  appearance  of  the  regiment  insjiired  the 
sincerest  "anticipations  that  the  Third  would  render  marked  service  to 
their  country  and  prove  an  houor  to  its  State.  It  did  not  disappoint 
the  hopes  it  had  created — V>ut  these  Maryland  troops  proved,  as  they 
had  the  instincts  of  gentlemen  at  home,  they  possessed  the  mettle  of 
soldiers  in  the  field. 

The  recruiting  service  at  Annapolis  was  under  the  direction  of  that 
intrepid  soldier,  Major-General  Smallwood,  whose  distingnislied 
qualities  on  the  field,  especially  fitted  him  for  this  important  part  of 
the  service.     He  gave  it  his  unremitting  attention. 

On  the  7th  of  September,  ten  days  after  the  Tiiird,  the  Fourth 
Maryland  Regiment,  jMajor  Alexander  Roxlnirg.  marched  from  An- 
napolis to  join  La  Fayette.  The  Regiment  numbered  000  men,  its 
full  complement.  Washington  was  concentrating  his  forces  for  the 
decisive  blow  at  Yoi'ktown.  All  was  ardor  and  zeal  in  Maryland — a 
State  that  never  flinched  in  its  duty  during  the  whole  of  the  fiery  or- 
dealof  the  Revolution.  Annapolis  was  a  focal  point  in  its  patriotism 
and  preparation.  On  the  12th  of  September,  transports  with  the 
artillery,  the  grenadiers,  and  the  Light  Artillery,  of  the  allied  army, 
arrived  from  the  Head  of  the  Elk,  en  route  for  James  River.  On  the 
18th,  four  thousand  French  troops,  with  a  train  of  artillery,  marched 
into  Annapolis  from  the  North,  on  their  way  also  to  join  Waslungton 
in  Virginia.  It  was  at  tliistime,  off  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  were  the 
■Romulus,  the  Gentile  and  .several  other  French  frigates.  The  very 
air  was  martial  and  the  inspiriting  scenes  in  the  busy  and  throbbing 
little  city  well  foreshadowed  the  final  victory  of  the  Revolution. 

In  the  meantime,  September  8th,  the  battle  of  Eutaw  had  been  fonght 
and  the  Maryland  troops,  under  tlie  command  of  the  "Hero  of  Cow- 
pens,"  Gen.  John  Eag-r  Howard,  added  new  lustre  to  their  already 
glorious  name. 

The  news  of  Cornwallis"  surrender  reached  Annapolis  Saturday 
evening,  October  20th.  It  was  communicated  by  Count  de  Grassc  in 
a  letter  sent  l)y  express  to  the  Governor.  The  citizens  hailed  witli  ac- 
clamations of  joy  and  volleys  of  artillery.  On  Monday  afternoon., 
/ejtdeyote  was  fired  by  the  "red  artillery,"  and  ''selected  militia,'' 
and  ]n  the  evening  the  ancient  city  was  brilliantly  illuminated. 


History  of  Annapolis.  189 

CHAPTER  XXXXIX. 

A  Political  Prisoner  in  Annapolis  Diring  the 
Revolution. 

The  Eiiixlisli  Collector  of  Customs  ol'  Annapolis  had  an  experience 
rarely  allotted  to  an  officer  in  an  enemy's  country.  For  nearly  three 
years  after  violent  retaliatory  measures  had  commeEced,  and  for  two 
years  after  open  hostilities  were  carried  on,  he  had  been  allowed  to  re- 
main in  Annapolis  as  the  King's  officer,  and  collect  the  royal  customs. 
His  personal  expei-ience  as  found  in  his  published  letter,  describes  the 
vibrations  of  public  sentiment  and  the  march  of  events  in  a  graphic 
manner.     On  Monday,  .June  10th,  1776,  he  writes : 

"Tomorrow  I  must  obey  the  summons  of  the  Committee.  My  col- 
league and  T  have  drawn  u])  the  following  representation  of  our  ease, 
which  we  mean  to  deliver  to  the  chairman  of  that  body,  in  order  to 
•obviate  the  necessity  of  entering  into  bond. 

" 'To  the  chainnan  and  members  of  the  Committee   of  Observation 
for  Anne  Arundel  county, 
"  'Gentlemeti, 

''  'We  flatter  ourselves  that  the  following  representation  will  engage 
the  committee's  candid,  and  dispassionate  consideration  ;  and  that 
when  the  personal  liberty  of  even  an  individual  is  concerned,  his  en- 
deavours to  preserve  it  will  be  received  with  indulgence. 

"  'You  will  please,  gentlemen,  to  observe,  that  it  is  not  ordered  by 
the  convention,  that  the  Committees  of  Oljservatiou  take  bonds  of  all 
non-associators,  biit  it  is  left  to  their  discretion,  whetlier  to  require 
bonds  or  not ;  and,  in  the  exercise  of  this  power,  though  the  commit- 
tees are  not  held,  as  magistrates  are  in  similar  cases,  by  the  obligation 
of  an  oath,  yet  we  presume  they  are  bound  in  honour,  not  to  demand 
security  unnecessary  for  the  public  good,  and  inconvenient  and  em- 
l^arrassing  to  the  persons  called  upon. 

"'From  the  above  consideration  wc  inferred,  on  being  required  to 
give  up  our  arms,  without  any  demand  or  hint  respecting  the  enter- 
ing into  bonds,  that  the  Committee  of  Observation,  in  their  discretion, 
did  not  deem  it  necessary,  or  conducive  to  the  public  good.  Had  we 
been  called  upon  for  that  purpose,  we  should  have  had  an  opportunity 
of  ap{)ealing  immediately  to  the  convention.  To  that  respectable 
body,  we  could  have  represented  our  peculiar  circumstances  :  that  we 
are  officers  of  the  Crown  ;  that  we  have  given  security  in  London  for 
the  faithful  discharge  of  our  duty,  agreeable  to  instructions  from 
time  to  time  received,  respecting  the  revenue  of  customs  ;  that  we  are 
not  entitled  to  our  salaries  without  a  nihil  account,  transmitted  quar- 
terly of  our  proceedings  ;  and,  that  though  a  correspondence  of  this 
nature  could  be  no  way  injurious  to  xVmerica,  yet  it  might,  perhaps, 
be  deemed  a  breach  of  the  proposed  bond,  and  consequently  deprive 
\is  of  the  means  of  subsistence  for  ourselves  and  families  ;  for  by  the 
condition  of  this  bond,  "no  correspondence,  directly  or  indirectly,  by 
letter,  message,  or  otherwise,  with  any  person  holding  a  civil  office 
imder  the  crown,"  is  allowable,  even  a  demand  for,  and  receipt  of 
•our  salaries,  would  be  a  breach  :f  the  condition  prescribed. 

"  'Although  Ave  are  not  natives  of  this  country,  we  are  animated 
with  the  warmest  attachment  for  its  interest  and  happiness :  and  we 


190  ''The  Ancient  C  i  t  y  .  '  ' 

flatter  ourselves,  that  our  condvict,  for  a  term  of  years,  has  beeir 
generally  approved,  both  as  serA'ants  of  the  public,  and  members  of 
the  couimunity.  We  are  determined  to  persevere,  faitlifuUy  and 
lionourably,  in  discharging  the  duties  oi  our  respective  otfices,  as  long 
as  with  propriety  we  can  act  in  the  same  ;  but  we  cannot  sacrifice  our 
honour,  or  prostitute  our  oaths,  for  temporary  indulgences.  Should 
we  be  obliged  to  dejiart  from  this  continent,  we  hope  we  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  take  leave,  with  security  to  our  persons  and  property, 
agreeably  to  a  resolve  of  the  convention,  in  tiiat  case  provided  ;  and 
wherever  we  may  fix  our  residence,  we  shall  retain  the  most  affec- 
tionate regard  for  Maryland,  without  deviating  from  our  allegiance 
to  our  Sovereign,  which  has  been,  and  will  ever  continue  to  be  tlie- 
invariable  rule  of  our  conduct.  Not  to  trespass,  gentlemen,  upon 
your  time,  permit  us  to  assure  you,  that  we  cannot,  consistent  with 
our  peace  of  mind,  enter  into  the  proposed  bond.  We  act  solely  from 
principle,  and  the  dictates  of  conscience.  Kelj'ing,  therefore,  on  your 
impartiality,  we  shall  cheerfully  submit  to  whatevf--r  you  may  please 
to  determiue  :  and  however  Providence  may  dispose  of  us  in  future, 
our  prayers  shall  be  continually  offered  for  tlie  prosperity  of  tliis  once 
happy  province,  most  ardently  wishing  a  permanent  and  constitutional 
reconciliation  may  speedily  take  place,  and  that  Great  Britain  and 
America  may  remain,  to  the  latest  pej-iod,  one  luip|iy.  free,  and  undi- 
vided empire. 

"We  are,  gentlemen, 

"Your  obedient,  humble  servants. 

".John  Claphaji, 
"Wm.   EUDIS." 

"  'Shoidd  the  Committee  be  pleased  to  determine,  agreeable  to  tlie 
resolve  of  the  convention,  and  grant  us  passes  to  depart  the  country. 
we  have  only  to  desire  that  a  sufficient  time  may  be  allotted  ns,  to- 
settle  the  various  and  intricate  concerns  of  the  loan-office,  which  we 
need  not  observe,  are  of  the  utmost  importance  to  tlie  community  iu 
general.  It  is  also  highly  incumbent  on  us,  to  leave  the  business  of 
that  department  in  a  clear  state,  so  that  our  securities,  who  are  en- 
gaged in  very  large  sums  for  onr  fidelity,  may  be  honourably  dis- 
er.arged  from  the  obligations  entered  into  on  our  belialf. 

"We  are  by  no  means  sang-.iine.  with  regard  to  the  aliove  api)lica- 
tion  ;  on  the  contrary,  we  are  prepared  to  encounter  every  disagreea- 
ole  consequence.  It  is  possible  a  few  weeks  may  be  allotted,  to  ad- 
just provincial  and  private  concerns :  we  must'  then  give  up  every 
flattering  expectation  ;  every  late  ereexul  liope.  We  must  forsake 
ALL,  or  act  inconsistently  with  the  dictates  ot  honour  and  of  con- 
science." 

The  committee  required  Messrs.  Eddis  and  Clapham  to  give  bond 
of  £10,000  each,  not  to  communicate  with  the  enemy.  On  their  refustil 
they  were  ordered  to  leave  the  province  before  the  first  of  August. 

June  iGth,  he  wrote  "I  look  forward  with  extreme  imiiatience  to 
the  hour  of  my  departure  from  this  countrv,  where  every  surround- 
ing prospect  is  dreary  and  uncomfortable.'"' 

On  the  1st  of  October  he  writes  : 

■"My  worthy  colleague  and  his  family  are  preparing  to  remove  from 
Annapolis  to  a  house  belonging  to  Mr.  D ,  on  Hunting  liidge,  aboufi 


H  I  R  T  0  R  Y   O  F     A  N  N  A  P  O  I,  I  y  .  1 8<1 

six  miles  distant  from  Baltimore  to  whicli  ])liice  1  intend  to  iicconipany 
them.  We  propose  to  attend  alternately  in  this  city,  until  dis- 
charged from  employments,  or  confirmed  in  them." 

HxjX'nxu  RuHiE,  Novemher  i. 
''I  write  to  you  from  one  of  the  mosr  delightful  situations  on  the  c(»n- 
tinent  of  America,  where  I  have  obtained  an  occasional  retreat  from 
the  noise,  the  tumult,  and  the  miseries,  of  the  public  world.  From 
tlie  back  piazza  of  onr  habitation,  we  command  a  truly  picturesque 
view  into  several  fertile  counties  :  a  distant  prospect  of  the  eastern 
sliore  ;  the  magnificent  waters  of  the  Chesapeake,  and  the  river  Pa tap- 
sco,  from  the  entrance  at  the  Bodkin  Poir.t,  to  its  apparent  termina- 
tion at  the  town  of  Baltimore.  After  this  inadequate  description,  I 
need  not  observe,  that  we  reside  on  a  lofty  eminence  where 

' the  air 

Nimbly,  and  sweetly  recommends  itself 
Unto  our  gentle  senses.' 

"As  Mr.  C and  myself  are  not  superseded  in  our  office  we  at- 
tend in  rotation,  every  other  week,  in  Annapolis,  from  which  tliis 
place  is  about  tliirty  miles  distant.  The  contrast  we  experience  on 
these  occasions  is  hardly  to  be  described  ;  from  the  churlish  sounds  of 
of  hostile  preparation  to  the  calm  enjoyment  of  peaceful  retirement. 
Though  in  the  vicinity  of  a  large  and  populous  town,  agitated  with 
uproar  and  confusion,  and  rumours  of  approaching  calamities,  here, 
sheltered  by  surrounding  woods,  we  are  entirely  secluded  from 
the  busy  haunts  of  raen,  and  are  benevolently  permitted  to  enjoy 
onr  retirement  without  dread  of  molestation.  It  is  well  known  that 
we  have  never  attempted,  by  any  injudicious  steps,  to  incur  the  resent- 
ment of  those  who  conceive  they  are  wai-ranted  by  justice  and  by  duty, 
to  take  a  contrary  part :  and  while  we  thus  continue  to  regulate  our 
conduct,  we  shall  surely  experience  attention,  with  the  most  perfect 
security." 

.January  1st.  1777,  he  says  : 

'•Myself  and  colleague  are  not  yet  superseded  in  our  provincial  em- 
ployment :  but  the  day  is  assuredly  at  hand.  When  the  event  has 
taken  place,  I  am  persuaded  I  shall  be  at  liberty  to  revisit  England  ; 
and  have  reason  to  believe,  I  shall  be  necessitated  to  shape  my 
course  by  way  of  the  West  Indies.  I  think  it  possible  we  may  b>e  re- 
stored to  each  other  early  in  the  ensuing  summer." 

April  2,  he  writes,  "We  are  at  length  superseded  in  our  depart- 
ment as  commissioner  of  the  loan  office." 

Saturday,  June  7.  he  embarked  to  return  to  England  by  way  of  the 
West  Indies,  permission  having  been  refused  him  by  the  Americans 
to  enter  the  British  lines.     On  that  date  he  wrote  : 

•'I  have-taken  leave  of  the  few  faithful  friends  still  residing  in  An- 
napolis. Perhaps  a  final  one  !  It  is  a  painful  distressing  idea  !  But 
I  am  hastening  to  those,  my  separation  from  whom  I  have  so  long 
felt,  and  lamented.  That  thought  will  firmly  support  me  under  every 
anxious  trial  it  may  be  yet  my  fortune  to  encounter.     I  shall  eml)ark 

in  a  few  minutes.     So  will  Mr.  D ,  as  his  vessel  is  likewise  in  tlie 

harbour,  and  ready  for  sea.  Our  projected  route,  though  aiming  at 
the  same  point,  u  widely  different,     I  shall  deliver  this  to  his  care. 


193  ''The  A  n  c  i  e  x  t  City.'' 

Should  lie,  accomplish  his  passage,  agreeaVile  to  his  wishes,  he  must 
reach  England  long  before  I  can  possibly  expect  that  happiness. 
Adieu !" 


CHAPTER  XL. 
Ann.apolis  After  the  Revolttion. 

1781—1784. 

In  the  minds  of  the  people  the  battle  of  Yorktown  had  closed  the 
war.  On  his  way  northward,  General  Washington  arrived  in  An- 
napolis, on  Wednesday,  November  21st,  1781. 

••When  the  citizens  received  the  pleasing  information  of  his  Excel- 
lency's arrival,  all  business  ceased,  and  every  consideration  gave  way 
to  their  impatience  to  behold  their  benefactor,  and  the  deliverer  of 
his  country.  On  his  appearance  in  the  streets,  people  of  every  rank- 
and  every  age  eagerly  pressed  forward  to  feed  their  eyes  with  gazing 
on  the  man,  to  whom,  under  Providence,  and  the  generous  aid  of  our 
great  and  good  ally,  they  owed  their  security,  and  hopes  of  future 
liberty  and  peace ;  the  courteous  affability,  with  which  he  returned 
their  sjxlutes.  lighted  up  ineffable  joys  in  every  countenance,  and 
diffused  the  most  animated  gratitude  through  every  breast. 

"You  would  have  thought  the  very  windows  spoke,  so  many  greedy 
looks  of  young  and  old  through  casements  darted  their  desiring  eyes 
upon  his  visage  ;  and  that  all  walls,  with  painted  imagery,  had  said 
at  once,  "God  .'ave  thee,  Washington." 

"The  general's  arrival  was  announced  by  the  discharge  of  cannon, 
and  he  was  accompanied  to  his  Excellency  the  Governor,  by  the  honest 
acclamations  of  the  whigs  ;  a  few  tories,  to  expiate  their  crimes  and 
shuffle  off  the  opprobium  of  their  characters,  feebly  joined  in  applaud- 
ing the  man  whose  successes  had  annihilated  their  hopes,  and  whose 
conduct  was  a  satire  on  their  principles.  The  President  of  the  Senate, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  Members  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 
Members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  Council,  and  many  of  the  citi- 
zens, hastened  to  offer  their  tribute  of  affection,  which  was  richly  re- 
paid by  the  engaging  frankness  and  affectionate  politeness  of  the  re- 
ception. The  evening  was  spent  at  the  Governor's  elegant  and  hos- 
pitable board  with  festive  joy,  enlivened  by  good-humour,  wit.  and 
beauty. 

'•On  the  next  day  the  General  partook  of  a  public  dinner  given  hy 
the  legislature,  as  a  mark  of  their  respect,  and  to  i-ender  the  partici- 
pation of  his  coiu|)any  as  general  as  possible.  In  the  evening  the  city 
was  beautifully  illuminated,  and  an  assembly  prepared  for  the  ladies, 
to  afford  them  an  opportunity  of  beholding  their  friend,  and  thanking 
their  protector  with  their  smiles.* 

•  Md.  Gazelle. 


History  OP  Annapolis.  193 

"His  Excellency,  to  gratify  the  wishes  of  the  fair,  crowned  the  en- 
tertainment with  his  presence,  and  with  graceful  dignity  and  familiar 
ease  so  framed  his  looks,  his  gestures,  and  his  words,  that  every  heart 
overflowed  with  gratitude  and  love,  and  every  tongue  grew  eloquent 
in  his  praise.  When  he  retired  from  the  assembly — with  one  united 
vv.ice,  all  present  exclaimed, 

"Unrivalled  and  unmatched  shall  be  his  fame 

And  his  own  laurels  shade  his  envied  name." 

The  day  on  which  General  Washington  reached  Annapolis,  the  fol- 
lowing address  was  presented  by  the  citizens  : 

"To  his  Excellency  General  Washington. 

"The  citizens  of  Annapolis  feel  themselves  happy  in  having  an  op- 
portunity, personally,  to  express  their  affection  for,  and  gratitude  to, 
your  Excellency.  Your  private  character  forces  admiration  from  the 
foes  of  A'irtue  and  freedom. 

"We  derive  peculiar  pleasure  from  the  contemplation,  that  the 
successes  at  Trenton  and  Princetown  laid  the  corner  stone  of  our 
freedom  and  independence,  and  that  the  capture  of  Earl  Cornwallis 
and  hisarmy  has  completed  the  edifice,  ad  secured  the  temple  of  lib- 
erty to  us  and  our  posterity.  These  brilliant  and  important  events 
are  the  more  agreeable  to  every  American,  from  the  reflection  that 
they  were  planned  by,  and  executed  under,  the  immediate  command 
of  your  excellency. 

"The  love  of  your  country  alone,  which  induced  you  to  accept  the 
command  of  our  armies  at  the  expense  of  domestic  happiness  ;  the 
persevering  fortitude  and  equanimity  of  soul  you  have  displayed  on 
every  occasion,  and  the  very  important  services  rendered  America, 
justify  us  in  saluting  you  as  the  patriot,  the  hero,  and  the  saviour  of 
your  country. 

"Our  prayers,  with  those  of  millions,  are  daily  offered  up  to  the 
Supreme  Ruler  of  the  Universe,  for  your  health,  safety  and  happi- 
ness. 

(Signed.)  John  Bullen,  Mayor. 

"Annapolis,  November  21st,  1781."' 

To  which  address  General  Washington  made  the  following  reply  : 

"Sir, — I  am  obliged  by  the  polite  and  affectionate  address  of  the 
citizens  of  Annapolis.  Nothing  can  be  more  flattering  to  me  than  to 
know,  that  ray  general  conduct  has  met  the  approbation  of  my  coun- 
trymen ;  it  is  the  most  grateful  reward  for  those  services  which  I  have 
ever,  in  the  course  of  my  command,  endeavoured  to  render  them,  but 
which  their  too  great  partiality  has  oftentimes  over-rated.  That  the 
State  in  general,  and  this  city  in  particular,  may  long  enjoy  the  bene- 
fits which  they  have  a  right  to  expect  from  their  very  spirited  exer- 
tions in  the  prosecution  of  this  just  war,  is  the  sincere  wish  of, 
"Sir,  your  most  obedient  and  very  humble  servant. 

"George  Washington. 

"The  Worshipful  .John  Bullen,  Esq., 

"Mayor  of  the  City  of  Annapolis. 

"Annapolis,  November  21st,  1781." 

On  Friday,  the   23rd,  General  Washhigton  resumed   his  journey- 
Northward. 
18 


194  ' '  T  H  E  A  N  c  I E  N  T  City.  '  ' 

Auuiipolis  was  at  this  period  a  city  of  great  importance.  On  the  di- 
rect line  of  travel  to  the  North,  by  way  of  Rock  Hall  on  the  Eastern 
shore,  it  received  all  the  prominent  generals  of  the  war  who  passed 
from  North  to  South  or  the  reverse.  Loyal  to  its  principles,  hospita- 
ble to  a  fault,  ample  in  resources,  the  distinguished  stranger  who 
chanced  in  its  midst  or  the  historic  or  patriotic  event  that  happened 
in  tlieir  hearing,  were  certain  to  be  awarded  the  honors  of  a  cannonade 
or  the  convivialities  of  the  banquet. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  1781,  the  birth  of  a  Dauphin  was  celebrated  in 
the  city  by  a  public  dinner  given  in  the  State  House  where  a  numer- 
ous and  respectable  assembly  gathered  and  many  toasts  were  drunk 
suitable  to  the  occasion.  At  intervals  during  the  day  there  were  five 
hundred  discharges  of  cannon,  and  at  night  a  splendid  ball  was 
given. 

[1783.]  "On  the  4th  of  January,  1783,  count  Roehambeau,  with 
this  suite,  arrived  in  Annapolis,  and  the  next  morning  embarked  on  the 
"LeEmerande"  for  France. 

On  the  24th  of  April,  Annapolis  celebrated  the  signing  of  the  treaty 
of  peace  between  England  and  America.  An  extensive  building  suffi- 
cient to  accommodate  many  hundreds  was  erected  on  Carroll's  Green, 
thirteen  pieces  of  artillery  planted,  and  an  elegant  dinner  provided. 
The  proclamation  of  peace  was  then  read,  and  thirteen  cannon  an- 
nounced the  white-winged  messenger.  The  gentlemen  then  repaired  to 
dinner,  at  which  were  present,  his  Excellency,  the  Governor,  the 
honorable  council.  Members  of  the  Senate  and  Delegates  of  the  As- 
sembly, and  a  large  number  of  gentlemen,  both  of  town  and  countiy  ; 
who  "with  unfeigned  satisfaction  congratulated  each  other  on  the 
blessings  of  peace — the  rising  glory  of  their  country — the  prospects  of 
her  commerce — her  future  grandeur  and  importance  in  the  scale  of 
nations. 

"After  dinner  the  following  truly  liberal,  generous,  and  patriotic 
toasts  were  drunk,  each  attended  with  thirteen  cannon  :"••' 

1.  The  third  of  February,  1783 — in  perpetual  memory,  on  which 
day  a  virtuous  war  was  concluded  by  an  honouralile  peace. 

2.  The  United  States — may  their  confederacy  endure  forever. 

3.  Friendship  with  France — may  every  nation  imitate  the  depth 
and  moderation  of  her  policy,  by  which  the  freedom  of  navigation  has 
been  secured,  tlie  liberty  of  these  States  confirmed,  and  the  blessings 
of  peace  and  commerce  diffused  throughout  the  globe. 

4.  His  Excellency,  General  Washington. 

5.  The  generals,  officers  and  soldiers  of  our  army — may  their  ser- 
vices be  remembered,  and  generously  rewarded  by  a  grateful  people. 

6.  The  French  generals,  officers,  and  troops,  who  served  in  America. 

7.  The  Marquis  of  Fayette — may  our  posterity  ever  retain  a  grate- 
ful sense  of  his  strong  attachment  to  this  countiy,  and  of  the  im- 
portant services  rendered  it  in  the  field  and  cabinet. 

8.  The  immortal  memory  of  the  gallant  soldiers  and  virtuous  citi- 
zens who  gloriously  fell  in  the  late  war. 

9.  The  patriots  of  America — honour  ci'owns  their  labours  ;  may 
future  ages  revere  their  memory,  and  emulate  their  fame. 

10.  The  United  Netherlands,  and  the  friendly  powers  in  Europe. 

11.  May  the  influence  of  the  present  revolution  be  extended  to  all 
the  nations  of  the  earth,  by  introducing   among   them   that   spirit  of 


History  OF   Ann  a  poms.  195 

humanity,  and  religious  toleratioti,  which  has  so  peculiarly  dis- 
tinguished this  country,  and  united  the  efforts  of  all  denominations  of 
■Christians  in  the  support  of  freedom. 

12.  The  Commissioners  of  the  Unitiid  States  at  Paris. 
_  13.  The  State  of  Maryland — may  she  ever  supjwrt  religion,  learn- 
ing, and  virtue  ;  preserve  justice,  public  faith,  and  honour  ;  give  every 
encouragement  and  attention  to  agriculture  and  commerce  :  and  oil 
all  occasions  maintain  with  dignity  her  national  character." 

At  night,  the  State  House  was  beautifully  and  brilliantly  illumi- 
nated and  an  elegant  entertainment  given  at  the  ball-room  to  the 
ladies. 

Major-General   Greene   and  his  suite  arrived  in  the  city  from  the 
South   on   their  way  North  on  September  35th,  1783.      On  the  next 
day  the  Corporation  met,  and  presented  the  following  address  : 
To  the  Hon.  Major-General  Greene: 

"Sir, — We,  the  Mayor.  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common  Council, 
of  the  city  of  Annapolis,  impressed  with  the  mos!:  greatful  feelings  for 
the  eminent  services  rendered  these  United  States,  and  the  cause  of 
liberty,  by  the  Southern  Army  under  your  command,  beg  permission 
to  congratulate  you  on  your  ari-ival  in  this  city,  and  to  testify,  with 
the  sincerest  respect  and  regard,  the  lively  sense  we  entertain  of  the 
invaluable  blessings  secured  to  us,  by  your  conduct  and  unremitted 
assiduity,  in  the  noblest  cause  that  ever  graced  a  soldier's  sword. 

"Justice  would  wear  the  aspect  of  adulation,  were  we  to  enumerate 
the  many  signal  endowments  which  endear  you  to  the  inhabitants  of 
this  city,  and  inspire  us  with  the  warmest  and  most  respectful  grati- 
tude. They  are  such  as  will  ever  engage  our  prayers  to  Divine  Provi- 
dence, that  you  may  long  continue  to  possess  the  affections  of  a 
generous  repul)lic  ;  to  share  the  sweets  of  domestic  felicity  ;  and  to  ex- 
perience the  happy  reward  of  your  distinguished  virtues. 

•'This  address  springs  from  the  heart  ;  and  we  solicit   your  accep- 
tance of  it,  as  the  genuine  sentiments  of  a  grateful  people. 
"Signed  by  order  and  in  liehalf  of  the  corporation. 
"James  Brice,  Mayor. 

"Annapolis,  September  26th,  17^3. "' 
To  which  the  General  returned  the  following  answer: 

"Annapolis,  September  37th,  1783. 
"Gentlemen. — It   is   with   the   highest  satisfaction  I  receive  your 
.affectionate  address,  and  feel  my  bosom  glow  with  gratitude  upon'  the 
occasion. 

"The  happy  termination  of  the  war  affords  the  most  pleasing  field 
for  contemplation,  and  while  it  promises  the  richest  harvest  to  the 
good  citizens  of  America,  it  gives  the  sweetest  pleasui'e,  and  most  de- 
sirable repose  to  the  soldier.  If  the  operations  of  the  Southern  Army 
have  answered  the  expectations  of  the  public,  or  have  had  any 
influence  upon  this  great  event,  I  shall  consider  it  one  of  the 
most  happy  employments  of  my  life.  And  if  to  this  I  may  venture  to 
flatter  myself,  that  my  conduct  either  merits,  or  meets  in  the  smallest 
degree,  the  approbation  of  the  public,  I  shall  be  still  more  happy. 
The  honour  you  have  done  me,  and  the  troops  under  my  command, 
.are  too  sensibly  felt  to  be  fully  expressed,  or  properly  acknowledged. 


196  ''The  Ancient  City.''' 

"I  beg  leave  to  return  my  most  sincere  thanks  to  the  corporation,, 
for  the  interest  they  take  in  what  concerns  my  future  happiness, 
peace,  and  prosperity. 

"I  have  the  honour  to  be,  gentlemen, 

"Your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

"Nathianiel  Gbeene. 

"To  the  Cori^oration  of  the  City  of  Annapolis." 

November  21st,  1783.  the  order  of  the  society  of  Cincinnati,  for 
Maryland,was  inaugurated  in  Annapolis;  Otho  H.  Williams  in  the  chair; 
John  Eccleston,  Secretary.  The  order  elected  :  Major-Geueral  Small- 
wood,  president :  Brigadier  General  Gist,  vice-president ;  Brigadier 
General  Williams,  secretary ;  Col.  Ramsey,  treasurer ;  and  Lieut. 
Col.  Eccleston,  assistant  treasurer.  Annapolis  was  appointed  the 
place  for  their  annual  meeting. 

On  Monday,  November  29th,  1784,  Generals  Washington  and  La- 
Fayette  arrived  in  Annapolis.  The  next  day  the  Legislature  ordered 
a  ball  to  be  given  in  honor  of  the  visitors.     The  GazeJte.  says : 

"The  evening  was  crowned  with  the  utmost  joy  and  festivity,  the 
whole  company  being  made  happy  by  the  presence  of  two  most  amia- 
ble and  all-accomplished  men,  to  whom  America  is  sodeeijly  indebted 
for  her  preservation  from  tyranny  and  oppression.'' 

The  following  addresses  were  presented  by  the  executive  and  legis- 
lative bodies  respectively  to  the  Marquis,  during  his  visit  at  An- 
napolis : 

"Annapolis,  November  30th.  1784.      \ 
In  Council.  j 

"Sir, — We,  the  Governor  and  Council  of  Maryland,  beg  leave  with 
the  most  entire  respect  and  heart-felt  satisfaction,  to  embrace  this 
first  oi:)portunity  of  your  presence  in  the  metroiJolis  of  this  State,  since 
the  establishment  of  oar  peace,  to  offer  you  onr  warmest  congratula- 
tions, and  to  express  our  high  and  grateful  sense  of  the  illustrious 
share  which  you  bore  in  the  accomplishment  of  that  happy  event. 

"The  early  and  decided  part  which  you  took  in  the  cause  of  Ameri- 
can liberty  and  glory,  your  generous  services  for  us  in  the  court  of 
your  august  monarch,  our  great  and  good  ally,  and  your  wise  and 
magnanimous  conduct  in  the  field,  upon  many  of  the  most  arduous- 
occasions  of  the  war,  have  endeared  your  name  to  America,  and  en- 
rolled it  high  in  the  list  of  patriots  and  heroes,  the  supporters  o^  her 
liberty  and  founders  of  her  empire. 

"May,  sir,  your  future  days  be  as  great  and  honourable  as  the  past, 
and  may  heaven  take  under  "its  peculiar  care  and  protection,  a  life  so 
eminently  distinguished  for  its  attachment  and  devotion  to  the  rights 
and  liberties  of  mankind.  With  every  sentiment  of  regard  and  re- 
spect, we  have  the  honour  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  ser- 
vant, 

"William  Paca. 

"The  honourable  the  Marquis  de  la  Fayette." 

La  Payette  replied  : 

"To  his  Excellency  the  Governor  and  the  honourable  Council  of  the 
State  of  Maryland. 

"Sir,— In  the  poHte  attention  of  your  Excellency  and  Council,  I  find' 
myself  equally  obliged  to  your  attachment,  and  honored  by  your  ap- 
probation. 


History  of    Annapolis.  197 

"To  have  been  early  adopted  among  the  sons  of  freedom,  to  have 
seen  French  and  American  standards  united  in  the  cause  of  mankind, 
to  have  so  peculiarly  shared  in  the  confidence  and  friendship  of  the 
United  States,  are  ideas  the  more  pleasing  to  me,  as  I  am  assured, 
when  I  reflect  upon  the  ditnculties  this  country  overcame,  that  she 
will  attend  to  the  means  of  splendor  and  happiness,  which  now,  thank 
Ood,  are  in  her  disposal. 

"I  beg,  sir,  your  Excellency  and  Council  will  accept  the  warmest 
acknowledgments,  and  sincerest  wishes  that  an  affectionate  heart  can 
most  respectfully  bestow. 

"La  Fayette." 

"November  30th.  1784. 
"Sir, — The  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  are  happy  in  having  an 
opportunity  of  personally  testifying  the  grateful  sense  they  and  their 
constituents  entertain  of  the  important  services  which  yon  rendered 
these  United  States  during  tlie  late  war.  The  strong  attachment 
which  you  have  manifested  to  its  interests  in  situations  tlie  n-.ost  try- 
ing and  difficult,  still  continues  to  actuate  your  conduct ;  to  this  at- 
tachment and  predilection  we  partly  attribute  the  commercial  ar- 
rangements lately  adopted  by  his  Most  Christian  Majesty,  which  bid 
fair  to  perpetuate  and  extend  the  friendly  intercourse  and  connexions 
between  his  subjects  and  the  citizens  of  these  United  States. 

"May  the  Great  Ruler  of  tlie  Universe  long  preserve  a  life  which 
has  been  so  early  dedicated  to  the  service  of  humanity,  and  engaged 
in  the  most  useful  and  Virilliant  actions. 

"George  Plater. 

President  of  ihe  Senate. 
"Thomas  C.  Deye, 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 

"The  :\lar(|uis  de  la  Fayette. 

"To  the  Honorable  theGeneral  Assembly  of  Maryland  : 

"Gentlemen, — On  this  opportunity  so  pleasingly  anticipated,  of  my 
respectful  congratulations  to  your  General  Assembly,  I  meet  such 
precious  marks  of  your  partiality,  as  most  happily  complete  my  satis- 
faction. 

"Amidst  the  enjoyments  of  allied  successes,  affection  conspires  with 
interest  to  clierish  a  mutual  intercourse  ;  and  in  France  you  will  ever 
find  that  sympathizing  good  will,  which  leaves  no  great  room  for 
private  exertions.  Withthe  ardor  of  a  most  zealous  heart,  T  earnestly 
hope  this  State,  ever  mindful  of  the  public  spirit  she  has  conspicuously 
displayed,  will  to  the  fullest  extent  improve  her  natural  advantages, 
and  in"  tlie  Federal  Union  so  necessary  to  all,  attain  the  highest  degree 
of  jjarticular  happiness  and  prosperity. 

"While  you  are  pleased,  gentlemen,  to  consider  my  life  as  being  de- 
voted to  the  service  of  humanity,  I  feel  not  less  gratified  by  so  flatter- 
ing an  observation  than  by  your  friendly  wishes  for  its  welfare,  and 
the  pleasure  I  now  experience  in  presenting  you  with  the  tribute  of 
my  attachment  and  gratitude. 

"La  Fayette." 

During  the  sitting  of  this  legislature,  the  following  act  was  passed  : 
"An  a'ct  to  naturalize  Major-General,  the  Marquis  de  la  Fayette  and 
his  heirs  male  forever. 


198  "  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

"Whereas,  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  anxious  to  perpet' 
nate  a  name  dear  to  the  State,  and  to  recognize  the  Marquis  de  la 
Fayette  f :  r  one  of  its  citizens,  who.  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  left  his 
native  country,  and  risked  his  life  in  the  late  revolution  :  who,  on  his 
joining  the  American  army,  after  being  appointed  by  congress  to  the 
rank  of  Major-General,  disintei-estedly  refused,  the  usual  rewards  of 
command,  and  sought  only  to  deserve,  what  he  attained,  the  charac- 
ter of  patriot  and  soldier ;  who,  when  ajjpointed  to  conduct  an  in- 
cursion into  Canada,  called  forth  by  his  prudence  and  extraordinary 
discretion,  the  approbation  of  Congress  ;  who.  at  the  head  of  a",  army 
in  Virginia,  baffled  the  manoeuvres  of  a  distinguished  general,  and  ex- 
cited the  admiration  of  the  oldest  commanders ;  who  early  attracted 
the  notice  and  obtained  thr  friendship  of  the  illustrious  General 
Washington  :  and  who  laboured  and  succeeded  in  raising  the  honour 
and  name  of  the  LTnited  States  of  America  ;  therefore, 

"^Bp.  it  enacted,  by  the.  General  As^evthly  of  Maryland,  That  the 
Marquis  de  la  Fayette,  and  his  heirs  male  forever,  shall  be,  and  they 
and  each  of  them  are  hereby  deemed,  adjudged,  and  taken  to  be 
natural  born  ciiizens  of  this  State,  and  shall  henceforth  be  entitled  to 
all  the  immunities,  rights,  and  privileges  of  natural  V)orn  citizens 
thereof,  they  and  every  one  of  them  conforming  to  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  this  State,  in  the  enjoyment  and  exercise  of  such  immuni- 
ties, rights  and  privileges." 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

A.NXAi'OLis  Wants  TO  Be  the  Capital  of  the 

United  States.* 

•7  '^^Ju^'^n  J"  ^^^  proceedings  of  the  corporation  of  Annapolis,  :\[()n- 
clay  the  12th  of  May,  1783  ;  at  which  were  present.  James  Brice.  Esq., 
Mayor;  Samuel  Chase,  Esq.,  Recorder  :  Allen  Quynn,  Esq..  John 
BuUerh  Esq.,  .Tohn  Brice,  Esq.,  Aldermen  :  Frederick  Green.  Esq., 
John  Davi.ison  Esq.,  William  Goldsmith,  Esq..  Samuel  11.  Howard, 
Esq.,  Beriah  Maybury.  Esq.,  J.^hn  Chalmers.  Esq.,  Common  Council- 
men,  ^ 

"It  being  represented  to  the  Corporation,  that  the  welfare  and  in- 
terest ot  the  Lnited  States  require  that  Congress  should  have  a  fixed 
place  01  residence,  and  with  jurisdiction  and  Executive  and  Judicial 
powers  witlun  the  same,  and  ,)ver  all  persons  inhabiting  or  residing 
within  the  district  allotted  for  their  residence  ;  and  thilcity  from  its 
central  situation  to  the  federal  States,  and  the  convenience  of  the 
members  of  Congress  to  repair  thither  by  land  or  water;  the  facility 
blTIuK-^  ''"'^  conveying  intelligence  to  Europe  :  and  its  remarka"^ 
ble  healthiness  :  and  capacity  of  defence  from  any  attack  of  an 
t  rom  Council  proceedings  of  178M. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  199 

enemy  ;  being,  in  the  opinion  of  this  corporation,  the  most  eligible 
place  in  the  United  States,  for  the  residence  of  the  Honorable  Con- 
gress, and  their  officers  and  foreign  ministers, 

"Beaolird,  That  the  members  of  this  Corporation  be  directed  tocon- 
snlt  the  citizens  thereon  and  report  the  same  to  this  Corporation  on 
Wednesday  next. 

"Ordered,  That  the  following  notice  be  set  up  at  the  State  House 
and  Market  House  and  other  public  places  in  the  city,  to  wit : 

"A  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  is  requested  by  the  Cor- 
poration on  Wednesday,  at  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  at  the  house  of 
Mr.  Charles  Ridgely  to  express  their  sentiments,  if  the  General  As- 
sembly will  offer  this  city  and  its  precincts  to  Congress  for  their  per- 
manent residence  :  wlicther  tlicy  will  agree  to  such  offer  and  consent 
to  be  subject  to  such  jurisdiction  and  power  within  the  city  and  its 
precincts  and  over  the  inhabitants  and  residents  thereof  as  the  General 
Assembly  shall  think  proper  to  grant  to  the  United  States  in  Congress 
Assembled." 

On  the  14th,  the  Corporation  met  again. 

'"The  memlwrs  of  the  Corporation  liaving  reported  that  they  had 
consulted  the  citizens  and  taken  their  opinion,  whether  this  city  and 
its  precincts,  ought  to  be  offered  to  the  Honorable  Congress  for  their 
permanent  residence,  with  jurisdiction  over  the  same  and  the  citizens 
having  unanimously  agreed  thereto, 

■'Bx'mhv'J,  Unanimously,  that  if  the  Honorable  the  General  Assem- 
bly will  offer  this  city  and  its  precincts  containing  about  three  hundred 
acres  of  land  to  the  Honorable  Congress  for  the  permanent  residence 
of  that  body  and  successors,  that  this  corporation,  and  their  constitu- 
ents most  cheerfully  agree  to  such  offer  and  consent  to  lie  subject  to 
such  jurisdiction  aiid  power  within  the  city  and  its  precincts,  and  over 
the  Inhabitants  and  residents  thereof  as  the  General  Assembly  shall 
think  proper  to  grant  :  to  the  Uiiited  Spates  in  Congress  Assembled. 

''ResolieiL  That  the  Worshiiifull  the  Mayor,  authenticate  this  Act 
under  the  Seal  of  the  Cor[)oration  and  present  the  same  to  the  General 
Assembly." 

On  the  7th  of  .Tuly  at  another  session  of  the  City  Council  : 

"The  WorshipfuU,  the  Mayor,  laid  lief  ore  the  Corporation  a  letter 
to  him  from  the  Honorable  James  McHenry,  Delegate  of  this  State  to 
Congress,  Dated  the  ;30th  of  last  month,  requesting  to  be  furnished 
with  an  accurate  account  of  tlie  births  and  deaths  in  this  city  for  the 
last  15  or  20  years  wliich  was  read,  and  it  appearing  on  enquiry  that 
no  regular  and  complete  register  of  deaths  or  births  has  been  kejit  be- 
fore the  war,  and  that  no  register  of  any  kind  has  been  kept  since 
that  time, 

"Ordered.  That  Messrs.  Goldsmith,  Fairbrother.  Chalmers,  Mills, 
and  Reynolds  lie  appointed  to  inquire  and  report  to  the  Mayor  the 
number  of  births  and  deaths  of  the  inhabitants  within  this  city  and 
its  precincts  between  the  1st  day  of  July,  1778,  and  the  1st  day  of 
this  present  month  ascertaining  as  far  as  can  be  the  number  of  whites 
and  blacks,  infants  and  grown  i^ersons,  and  the  cause  of  death,  and 
that  they  report  the  nun"iber  of  inhabitants  in  this  city  during  the 
last  year. 
"Mr.  Mayor  is  requested  to  transmit  the  said  report  to  Mr.  McHenry. 

"Ordered,  That  a  plat  of  tins  city  and  its  precincts  be  made  out 
and  Mr.  Mayor  is  requested  to  transmit  tlie  same  to  Mr.  McHenry." 


200  ''The  Ancient   City." 

The  proceedings  were  coutiiuied  oil  a  kindred  subject  on  Saturday,  the 
1st  of  XovernV)er,  1783,  when 

"The  Mayor  laid  before  the  Corporation  a  letter  from  the  Honor- 
able James  McHeury  and  Daniel  Carroll,  Delegates  of  Congress  for 
this  State,  dated  the  33rd  day  of  October  last,  to  the  late  Mayor 
enclosing  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  same  date  respecting  the 
temporary  residence  of  Congress  in  this  city  and  also  a  letter  from  the 
Hon.  .James  McHeury  requiring  suitable  provision  might  be  made  for 
the  reception  of  the  Members,  Ministers,  and  Officers  of  Congress — all 
which  Ijeing  considered,  it  was  ordered  that  a  committee  of  the  Mem- 
bers of  the  Corporation  be  appointed  to  inquire  what  houses  can  be 
procured  for  Congress  and  for  what  rent,  and  also  how  many  boarding 
houses  are  in  town,  the  accommodation  of  each  and  the  sums  upon 
which  members  can  be  l)oarded." 

"Messrs.  Alle]i.Quynn,  John  Brice,  John  Davidson,  and  John  Chal- 
mers were  accordingly  appointed." 

The  council  loaned  Isaac  McHand  £100  Continental  Currency  "to 
enable  him  to  provide  fortheaecommodationof  members  of  Congress." 

The  legislature  of  Maryland  appears  to  have  taken  no  steps  to 
further  the  ambitious  aspiration  of  Annapolis.  On  Tuesday,  Octo- 
ber 21st,  Congress  settled  the  question  as  to  the  seat  of  government, 
so  far  as  Annapolis  was  concerned  by  the  passage  of  the  following  : 

"Whereas,  there  is  reason  to  expect  that  the  providing  buildings 
for  the  alternate  residence  of  Congress  in  two  places,  will  be  produc- 
tive of  the  most  salutary  effects,  by  securing  the  mutual  confidence 
and  affections  of  the  States  : 

"Upsvlved,  That  buildings  likewise  erected  for  the  use  of  congress, 
at  or  near  the  lower  falls  of  Potowmack  or  Georgetown,  provided  a 
suitable  district  on  the  banks  of  the  river  can  be  procured  for  a  fed- 
eral town,  and  the  right  of  soil,  and  an  exclusive  jurisdiction,  or  such 
other  as  congress  may  direct,  shall  be  vested  in  the  I'nited  States : 
and  that  until  the  buildings  to  be  erected  on  the  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware and  Patowmack  shall  be  prepared  for  the  reception  of  Congress, 
their  residence  shall  be  alternately,  at  equal  periods  of  not  more  than 
one  year  and  not  less  than  six  months,  in  Trenton  and  Annapolis;  and 
the  president  is  hereby  authorised  and  directed  to  adjourn  congress, 
on  the  12th  day  on  November  next,  to  meet  at  Annapolis  on  the  2()th 
of  the  same  month,  for  the  dispatch  of  public  business." 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

Gen-eral  Washington  Resigns  His  Military  Com- 
mission AT  Annapolis. 

1783. 

Annapolis  became  the  scene  of  the  resignation  of  General  AYashing- 
tons  military  commission  not  from  any  peculiar  fitness  of  things,  but 
from  one  of  those  accidents  that  sometimes  makes  places,  as  well  as 
men,  famous. 


History  of  Annapolis.  201 

Congress  had  resolved  that,  until  the  public  buildings  then  in  course 
of  erection  on  the  Delaware  and  Potomac  were  finished,  it  would  hold 
its  sessions  alternately  at  Trenton  and  Annapolis.  The  latter  place 
was  selected  because  it  had  a  commodious  State-House.  It  was 
chosen  for  the  first  six  months  of  the  session  of  1783.  Thus  it  became 
the  scene  of  a  renowned  event. 

Hastening  from  the  affecting  incidents  of  his  farewell  audience  with 
the  officers  of  his  army,  by  a  triumphal  journey  Washington  arrived, 
on  the  19th  of  December,  in  the  City  of  Annapolis. 

The  news  of  General  Washington's  approach  had  preceded  him,  and 
a  few  miles  from  Annapolis  he  was  met  by  Generals  Gates  and  Small- 
wood,  "and  several  of  the  principal  inhabitants,  who  attended  him  to 
Mr.  Mann's,  where  apartments  had  been  prepared  for  his  reception. 
His  Excellency's  arrival,"  continues  the  local  authority  from  which 
•we  quote,  "was  announced  by  the  discharge  of  cannon.  xVfter  re- 
ceiving the  heartfelt  welcouie  of  all  who  had  the  honor  of  knowing 
him.  Hi?  Excellency  waited  on  the  President  of  Congress  (General 
Mifflin,  of  South  Carolina,)  with  whom  he  and  the  members  of  that 
body,  together  with  the  principal  civil  and  military  officers  of  this 
State,  dined  on  Saturday." 

Mann's  Hotel,  at  which  "Washington  had  been  provided  quarters, 
still  stands  in  Annapolis,  an  imposing  structure  even  in  this  day  of 
improvements.  It  is  now  the  City  Hotel,  and  is  situated  on  the  corner 
of  Conduit  and  Main  streets.  The  room,  which  Washington  occupied, 
yet  remains,  and  is  in  one  of  the  wings.  "No.  9"  is  its  designation. 
It  is  about  sixteen  feet  by  sixteen,  with  a  ceiling  of  about  twelve. 
There  are  two  great  windows  in  it  that  look  out  upon  the  court-yard 
of  the  hotel.  Until  a  few  years  ago  the  very  bedstead  that  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief occupied  remained  in  the  room.  AVhen  the  hotel 
passed  from  the  heirs  of  Colonel  .John  Walton,  who  was  for  many 
years  "mine  host"  of  the  City  Hotel,  his  ^on.  Dr.  .T.  Randolph  Walton, 
took  the  illustrious  relic  away.  He  lives  in  Washington  and  when 
last  heard  from  on  this  subject  still  had  the  bedstead  in  his  possession. 

Annapolis,  at  the  time  of  this  interesting  event,  was  a  quaint  and 
agreeable  city.  The  hip-roofs  and  odd  gables  still  left  here  bear  evi- 
dence of  the  pictxiresque  period  of  1783.  Mr.  William  Eddis,  the  English 
surveyor  of  the  port,  who  wrote  of  it  in  17(j9,  said  that  then  it  had 
"more  the  appearance  of  an  agreeable  village  than  the  metropolis  of 
an  opulent  province,  as  it  contains  within  its  limits  a  number  of  small 
fields  which  are  intended  for  future  erections.  But  in  a  few  years  it 
will  pi'obaljly  be  one  of  the  best  built  cities  m  America,  as  a  spirit  of 
improvement  is  predominant,  and  the  situation  is  jxllo  wed  to  be  equally 
liealthy  and  pleasant  with  any  on  this  side  the  Atlantic.  Many  of  the 
principal  families  have  chosen  this  place  for  their  residence,  and  there 
are  few  towns  of  the  same  size  in  any  part  of  the  British  domains  that 
can  boast  of  a  more  polished  society.  ■■'"  *  *  Several  modern  edi- 
fices make  a  good  appearance.  There  are  few  habitations  without 
gardens,  some  of  which,  planted  in  decent  style,  are  well  stocked."  "^ 

Washington,  with  his  accustomed  promptness,  set  himself  at  once 
to  the  business  he  had  in  hand.  On  Saturday.  DecemV)er  20th,  1783, 
he  addressed  a  letter  to  Coiigress,  informing  that  body  of  his  arrival 
in  Annapolis,  with  the  intention  of  asking  leave  to  resign,  the  com- 

"  .Marvhiinl  (S.izette. 


203  •  '  T  H  E  A  X  c  I  E  N  T   City.'' 

mission  ho  liad  the  Imuor  of  lioltling  in  their  service,  and  desiring 
to  know  tlieir  pleasure  in  what  manner  it  will  be  most  proper  to  offer 
his  resignation  ;  wliether  in  writing  or  at  an  audience. 

Congress  resolved  "that  His  Excellency  the  Commander-in-Chief 
be  admitted  to  a  public  audience  on  Tuesday  next  at  12  o'clock,  M." 

It  was  further  resolved  "that  a  public  entertainment  be  given  to  the 
Commander-in-Chief  on  Monday  next." 

The  State  of  Maryland  was  not  behind  in  offering  to  Washington  the 
courtesies  deuiauded  by  the  auspicious  occasion.  The  Council  of 
State  began  the  formal  addresses  of  tiie  ceremonies  with  the  follow- 
ing : 

''Annapolis,  December  20,  1788.      "I 
In  Council.  j 

"Sir : — Amidst  the  general  joy  on  the  happy  and  honorable  termina- 
tion of  the  war,  we  beg  leave  to  welcome  your  Excelleiucy's  return  to 
this  city,  with  hearts   full  of  gratitude  and  affection. 

"As  long,  sir,  as  mankind  shall  return  a  proper  sense  of  the  bless- 
ings of  Peace.  Jjiherty,  and  Safety,  your  character  in  every  country, 
and  in  every  age  wills,  be  honored,  admired,  rnd  revered;  but  to  a 
mind  elevated  as  your  the  consciousness  of  having  done  great  and 
illustrious  deeds,  from  the  purest  principles  of  patriotism  of  having  by 
your  wisdom  and  magnanimity,  arrested  the  arui  of  tyranriy,  saved  a 
dear  country  and  millions  of  fellow-citizens,  and  millions  yet  unborn, 
from  slavery  and  all  tlie  horrors  and  calamities  of  slavery,  and  placed 
their  rights  and  liljerties  on  a  permanent  foundation,  must  yield  a 
satisfaction  infinitely  superior  to  all  the  pomp  and  eclat  of  applauding 
ages  and  admiring  worlds. 

"Attached  to  your  excellency  by  the  strongest  obligations  ;  and 
feeling  the  most  lively  impressions  of  your  uneijualled  worth  and  pub- 
lic usefulness  :  we  beg  you  to  accept  our  wai'mest  wishes  that  your  life 
may  be  [irolonged  to  a  far  distant  period  !  and  that  it  may  be  as  happy 
in  your  retirement  as  it  has  been  glorious  in  the  field." 

The  letter  was  sigued  with  the  usual  prolonged  and  courteous 
protestations  of  affection  and  respect  by  Wm.  iVca,  President  of  the 
Council  and  Governor  of  Maryland. 

General  Washington  replied  to  this  prophetic  and  eloquent  address  : 

"Sir: — 1  shall  ever  cherish  apleasnig  remembrance  of  the  welcome 
reception  I  have  experienced  from  your  excellency  and  the  Council,  on 
my  return  to  this  city  after  the  happy  and  honorable  termination  of 
the  war. 

"The  flattering  sentiments  you  entertain  of  my  exertions  in  defence 
of  our  country,  and  the  favorable  point  of  light  in  which  you  place  my 
character,  too  strongly  demonstrates  your  friendship,  not  to  claim  the 
most  grateful  return  from  me. 

"Convinced  from  experience,  of  the  wisdom  and  decision  which  have 
signahzod  the  government  of  Maryland,  I  cannot  form  a  better  Avish 
for  the  future  prosperity  of  the  state  than  that  the  same  spirit  of  jus- 
tice and  patriotism,  wliich  actuated  its  councils  during  a  long  and 
eventful  war,  may  continue  to  dictate  its  measures  through  a  durable 
and  happy  peace." 

The  following  morning,  (Sunday,)  General  Washington  devoted  to 
the  return  of  the  visits  of  citizens  of  Annapolis  and  "^otiiers  who  had 
waited  on  him.  Tie  then  dined,  with  a  number  of  othei's.  witli  Mr. 
Harford. 


History  ok  Annapolis.  20S" 

Monday,  the  23d  of  December,  had  a  s;reat  deal  crowded  into  it. 
There  were  the  formal  addresses  of  the  city  Annapolis,  those  of  the 
Senate  and  Honse  of  Delegates  of  Maryland,  a  pnblic  dinner  to  Gen- 
eral Wasliington,  the  illnmination  of  the  State  House  and  a  Ball  by 
the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland. 

Annapolis,  by  its  Mayor.  J.  T.  Cliase,  said  "The  Mayor,  recorder,  alder- 
men, and  common  council  of  the  city  of  Annapolis  congratulate  your 
excellency  on  the  restoration  of  peace,  and  the  establishment  of  the  free- 
dom and  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America.  The  citizens 
feel  themselves  particularly  happy  in  this  opportunity  afforded  them,  of 
expressing  their  sincere  approbation  of  your  most  disinterested  and 
unexampled  conduct  through  every  stage  of  the  war,  and  the  high 
sense  they  entertain  of  your  excellent  virtues,  fortitude,  and  unremit- 
ting t'erseverance,  under  the  pressure  of  the  greatest  difficulties.  To 
you  they  esteem  themselves  principally  indebted  under  the  favor  and 
smiles  of  Providence,  for  the  inestimable  blessings  of  peace  and  free- 
dom. This  acknowledgement  flows  from  hearts  filled  with  gratitude 
and  the  most  perfect  respect  ar.d  veneration  for  your  person  and 
character. 

"In  your  retirement  to  the  peaceful  and  pleasing  scenes  of  domestic 
tranquility,  may  America  long  experience  the  benign  influence  of 
your  example,  and  benefit  liy  the  salutary  suggestions  of  your  wisdom 
and  may  you  sir.  long  enjoying  your  health  and  the  heavenly  sensa- 
tions arising  from  a  consciousness  of  having  done  every  thing  for  your 
country,  and  wrested  her  from  the  oppressive  hand  of  unrelenting 
tyranny  without  the  liope  of  any  reward,  but  the' approbation  of  a 
free  people." 

To  this  flattering  and  very  personal  address,  General  Washington 
replied  : 

"To  the  worshipful,  tiie  Mayor,  Recorder.  Aldermen  and  Conunon- 
Council  of  the  city  of  Annai^olis  : 

"Permit  me.  Gentlemen,  to  offer  to  you  my  sincere  tluinks  for  your 
congratulations  on  the  happy  events  of  peace,  and  the  establishment 
of  our  independence. 

"If  my  conduct  througiiout  tlie  war  has  merited  the  confidence  of 
my  fellow  citizens,  and  has  been  instrumental  in  obtaining  for  my 
country  the  blessings  of  peace  and  freedom — I  owe  it  tiiat  Supreme 
Being  wlio  guides  the  hearts  of  all — who  has  so  signally  interposed 
his  aid  ill  every  stage  of  the  contest,  and  who  has  graciously  iieen 
pleased  to  Ijestow  uu  me  the  greatest  of  earthly  rewards — the  api)ro- 
bation  and  aft'c^tions  of  a  free  people. 

"Though  I  retire  from  the  employments  of  public  life,  I  shall  nevei' 
cease  to  entertain  the  most  anxious  care  for  the  welfare  of  my  coun- 
try. May  the  Almighty  disp:)se  the  heart  of  every  citizen  of  the 
United  States  to  improve  the  great  prospect  of  happiness  before  us  I 
And  may  you.  Gentlemen,  and  the  inhabitants  of  this  city,  long  enjoy 
every  felicity  this  world  can  afford  !" 

The  State  of  Maryland,  through  its  General  Assembly,  then  in  ses- 
sion, followed  with  anotiier  congratulatory  address.  The  sui'prise  is 
that  all  l;)eing  upon  the  same  theme — the  glories  of  Washington's 
personal  chai-acter  and  his  military  achievements,  there  should  be 
found  so  many  variations  of  the  subject ;  but  the  object  glowed  and 
the  changes  rang  with  everyone  that  began  the  note  of  j)raise.  I\hiry- 
|and  said  : 


304  "The  A  n  c  i  e  x  t  City.'' 

"The  General  Assembly  of  Maryland  embrace  this  opportunity,  of 
.expressing  the  grateful  sense  which  they  and  their  constituents  enter- 
tain of  your  distinguished  services  ;  services  which^  under  the  smiles 
of  Divine  Providence,  have  secured  the  peace,  liberty,  and  indepen- 
dence, of  these  States  I  Your  retirement  to  private  life  is  a  full  evi- 
dence of  that  true  patriotism  which  induced  you  to  draw  your  sword 
in  defence  of  your  injured  country,  and  made  yon  ^tersevere  to  the  end 
of  the  arduous  struggle,  in  which  you  have  surmounted  difficulties, 
that,  with  prudence  less  than  yours,  could  not  have  been  surmounted. 
Having,  by  your  conduct  in  the  field,  gloriously  terminated  the  war, 
jou  have  taught  us,  by  your  last  cireuhir  letter,  how  to  value,  how  to 
preserve,  and  to  improve  that  liberty,  for  which  we  have  been  con- 
tending. We  are  convinced  that  public  liberty  cannot  be  long  pre- 
served, but  by  wisdotn,  integrity,  and  a  strict  adherence  to  public  jus- 
tice and  public  engagements.  This  justice  and  these  engagements,  as 
far  as  the  influence  and  example  of  one  State  can  extend,  we  are  de- 
termhied  to  promote  and  fulfil;  and  if  tlie  powers  given  to  Congress  by 
the  confederation,  should  be  found  to  be  incompetent  to  the  purposes 
of  the  Union,  we  doubt  not  our  constituents  will  readily  consent  to  en- 
large them.  In  expM'Ssiitg  these  sentiments,  and  by  thus  engacing 
tocom[>ly  with  the  dictates  of  public  faith  and  justice,  and  to  satisfy 
the  just  demands  of  a  meritorious  army,  we  make  the  most  acceptable 
returns  for  ait  those  cares  which  you  have  .elt,  and  all  the  toils  you 
have  undergone,  during  your  coiiunand.  Permit  us.  in  addressing 
you  for  the  last  time  in  your  iniblic  eharactei ,  to  express  our  warmest 
wishes  that  yon  may  long  enjoy  the  sweets  of  domestic  ease  and  retire- 
ment, and  that  cordial  satisfaction  which  must  arise  from  a  conscious- 
ness of  having  merited  and  gained  the  universal  love  of  vour  countrv- 
men." 

The  reply  of  General  Washington,  to  this  patriotic  address  of  the 
Stat_e  whose  representative,  Tliomas  Johnson,  had  nomiiuited  him  in 
1775forcomm.andof  the-Continental  Army,  was  -'particularly  happy." 
Here  it  is  in  full : 

"Gentlemen  : — I  feel  myself  particularly  happy  in  receiving  the  ap- 
probation of  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  for  those  services 
which  my  country  had  a  right  to  demand,  and  which  it  was  my  duty 
to  render  in  defence  of  it. 

"Having  happily  attained  the  object  for  which  we  had  drawn  the 
sword,  I  felicitated  myself  on  my  approaching  return  to  private  life,  and 
I_  must  .acknowledge,  I  anticipated  an  unusual  degree  of  self -gratifica- 
tion, 111  that  retirement,  which  you  are  pleased  to  consider  as  an  evi- 
dence of  patriotism. 

"You  have  rightly  judged,  genllemen,  that  public  liberty  cannot  be 
long  preserved,  without  the  influence  of  those  public  virtues,  which 
you  have  enumerated.  May  the  example  you  have  exhibited,  and  the 
disposition  you  have  inanif.-sted,  prevail  extensively,  and  have  the 
most  salutary  operation  !  For  I  am  well-assured,  it  is  only  by  a  general 
adoption  of  wise  and  equitable  measures,  tliat  I  can  derive  any  per- 
sonal sati^action.  or  the  public  any  permanent  advantages,  from  the 
successful  issue  of  the  contest.  ' 

"I  am  deeply  penetrated  with  the  liberal  sentiments  and  wishes 
contained  111  your  last  address  to  me  as  a  public  character  ;  and  while 
1  am  bidding  you  a  final  farewell  in  that  capacity,  be  assured,  gentle- 


H  I  S  T  0  li  Y    O  F     A  X  N  A  P  O  L  I  S  .  205' 

men,  that  it  will  he  my  study  in  retirement  not  to  forfeit  the  favorable- 
opinion  of  my  fellow-citizens."' 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  delivered,  in  person,  Waslungton's 
reply  to  the  address  of  the  JLiryland  Legislature. 

The  public  dinner  that  Congress  had  tendered  to  General  Washing- 
ton was  given  on  Monday,  December  22nd,  at  the  ball-room. 

The  building  still  rem;iins,  and  strangers  are  shown  with  pardonable 
pride  the  place  where  Washington,  the  grave  and  dignified  Comman- 
dei'-in-Chief  of  the  Continental  armies,  was  wont,  in  "the  piping  days 
of  peace,"  to  corae  and  dance,  perhaps,  the  stately  minuet.  "Up- 
wards of  two  hundred  persons  of  distinction  were  present  at  the  din- 
ner," says  the  local  chronicler  of  that  period,  and  "everything  was 
provided  by  Mr.  Mann  in  tne  most  elegant  and  profuse  style." 

Dinner  over,  the  roar  of  artillery  began,  and  to  its  salvos  the  fol- 
lowing interesting  and  patriotic  toasts  were  drank  : 

1.  The  United  States. 

2.  The  Army. 

S.  His  Most  Christian  Majesty. 

4.  The  United  Netherlands. 

5.  The  King  of  Sweden. 

6.  Our  Connnissioners  Abroad. 

7.  The  Minister  of  France. 

8.  The  Ministei:  of  the  United  Netherlands. 

9.  Harmony  and  a  flourishing  commerce  throughout  the  Union. 

10.  May  virtue  and  wisdom  influence  the  Councils  of  the  United 
States,  and  may  their  conduct  merit  the  blessings  of  peace  and  inde- 
pendence. 

11.  The  Virtuous  Daughters  of  America. 

12.  The  Governor  and  State  of  Maryland. 

13.  Long  health  and  happiness  to  our  illustrious  General. 

At  night  the  State  House  was  beautifully  and  brilliantly  illumuiated, 
in  which  building  a  ball  was  given  by  the  General  Asseml^ly  of  Mary- 
land. There  were  many  ladies  present,  and  General  Washington 
opened  the  ball  with  Mrs.  James  Maccublnn,  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
women  of  her  day,  as  his  partner. 

The  building  in  which  this  gay  and  renowned  assembly  danced  the 
brilliant  hours  by,  and  which  on  the  morrow  was  to  be  made  forever 
famous,  was  erected  between  1769  and  1773.  Among  those  charged 
with  its  construction  were  Charles  Carroll,  barrister,  and  William 
Paca,  the  latter  of  whom  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

The  last  act  of  General  Washington's  official  life  was  to  write  a  let- 
ter to  Baron  Steuben.     It  ran  : 

"Annapolis,  23rd  December,  1783. 

"My  Dear  Baron : 

"Although  I  have  taken  frequent  opportunities,  both  in  public  and 
private,  of  acknowledging  your  great  zeal,  attention,  and  abilities  in 
performing  the  duties  of  your  oiflce,  yet  I  wish  to  make  use  of  this 
last  moment  of  my  public  life  to  signify,  in  the  strongest  terms,  my 
entire  approbation  of  your  conduct,  and  to  express  my  sense  of  the  ob- 
ligations the  public  is  under  to  you  for  your  faithful  and  meritorious 
services.  .... 

"I  beg  you  will  be  convinced,  my  dear  sir,  that  I  should  rejoice  if 
it  coukrever  be  in  my  power  to  serve  you  more  essentially  than  by  ex- 


-306  ''The  Anciknt  City.'' 

pressioiis  of  regard  and  affection  ;  but.  in  the  meantime,  1  am  per- 
suaded you  will  not  be  displeased  with  this  farewell  token  of  my  sin- 
cere friendshi])  and  esteem  for  you. 

"This  is  the  last  letter  I  shall  write  while  I  continue  in  the  service 
of  my  country.  The  hour  of  my  resignation  is  fixed  at  twelve  today, 
after  which  l' shall  become  a  private  citizen  on  the  banks  of  t:ie  Po- 
tomac, where  1  shall  be  glad  to  embrace  you,  and  testify  the  great  es- 
teem and  consideration  with  which  I  am,  my  dear  Baron,  &c." 

Washington  and  his  aids  arrived  at  the  State  House  at  noon,  and 
entered  the  Hall  of  Congress.  A  messenger  annoiuiced  their  ari-ival 
to  the  Secretary  of  Congress,  who  introduced  Wasliington  to  Congress 
and  conducted  him  to  a  chair,  where  he  was  seated.  Colonel  lienja- 
min  Walker  and  Colonel  David  Humphreys,  his  aids,  stood  beside  him. 
It  was  a  memorable  assembly.  In  it  were  four  future  Pi'esidents  of 
the  infant  Republic — Washington,  Jefferson,  Madison  and  Monroe  ; 
John  Eager  Howard  and  General  Smallwood,  of  Maryland  ;  Eldridge 
■Gerry,  of  Massachusetts  ;  Stone,  Paca,  Chase,  and  Carroll.  Maryland's 
signers  of  Independence  ;  Joshua  Barney  and  Alexander  Hamilton, 
with  beauty  and  grace  unnumbered  and  unclironicled. 

The  hum  of  incident  disorder  being  hushed.  General  Miiliin,  with 
covered  head,  as  he  and  his  fellow-members  observed  in  token  of  the 
sovereignty  of  the  States  they  represented,  addressed  General  Wash- 
ington : 

"Sir — The  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  are  prepared  to 
receive  your  communications." 

With  his  native  dignity,  augmented  by  the  grand(mr  of  the  occasion, 
Wasliington  arose  and  delivered  that  address,  so  renowned  for  its  wis- 
dom and  patriotic  foresight.     He  said: 

"Mr.  President:  The  great  events  on  which  my  resignation  de- 
pended, having  at  length  taken  place,  1  have  now  the  honor  of  offer- 
ing my  sincere  congratulations  to  Congress,  and  of  presenting  myself 
before  them,  to  surrender  into  their  hands  tlie  trust  committed  tome, 
and  to  claiin  the  indulgence  of  retiring  from  the  ser\ice  of  n.y  country. 

"Happy  in  the  confirmation  of  our  independence  and  sovereignty, 
and  pleased  with  the  opporl  unity  afforded  the  United  States  of  be- 
•comins:  a  respectable  nation.  I  resign  with  satisfaction  the  appoint- 
ment I  accepted  with  ditBdence  :  a  diffidence  in  my  abilities  to  accom- 
plish so  arduous  a  task,  whicli,  however,  was  superseded  by  a  confidence 
in  the  rectitude  of  our  cause,  the  support  of  the  supreme  power  of  the 
Union,  and  the  patronage  oT  Heaven. 

"The  successful  termination  of  the  war  has  verified  the  most  san- 
guine expectations,  and  my  gratitude  for  the  interposition  of  Provi- 
dence, and  the  assistance  I  have  received  from  my  countrymen,  in- 
creases with  every  review  of  the  momentous  contest. 

"While  I  repeat  my  obligations  to  the  army  in  general,  I  should  do 
ni justice  to  my  own  feelings  not  to  acknowledge,  in  this  place,  the 
peculiar  services  and  distinguished  merits  of  the  gentlemen,  who  have 
lieeii  attached  to  my  person  during  the  war.  It  was  impossible  that 
the  choice  of  confidential  officers  to  compose  my  family  should  have 
been  more  fortunate.  Permit  me,  sir,  to  recommend  in  particular 
those,  who  have  continued  in  service  to  the  present  moment,  as  worthy 
of  the  favorable  notice  and  jiatronage  of  Congress. 

"I  consider  it  an  indispensable  dutv  to  close  this  last  solemn  act  of 
.my  official  life,  by  commending  the  interests  of  our  dearest  country  to 


History  of  Axnapolis.  207 

■the  protection  of  Almig-hty  God,  and  those  who  have  the  superinten- 
dence of  them  to  his  holy  keeping:. 

"Having  now  finished  the  work  assigned  me,  I  retire  from  the  great 
theatre  of  action  :  and,  bidding  an  affectionate  farewell  to  this  august 
liody,  under  whose  orders  I  have  so  long  acted,  I  here  offer  my  com- 
mission, and  take  leave  of  all  the  employments  of  public  life." 

At  its  conclusion  Washington  advanced  toward  General  Mifflin  and 
delivered  to  him  his  commission  and  a  copy  of  his  address.  The  Presi- 
dent made  the  following  answer  : 

"Sir  : — The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  receive  with  emo- 
tions too  affecting  for  utterance,  the  solemn  resignation  of  the  authori- 
ties under  which  yon  have  led  their  troops  with  success  through  a 
perilous  and  doubtful  war.  Called  upon  by  your  country  to  defend  its 
invaded  rights,  you  accepted  the  sacred  charge,  before  it  had  formed 
alliances,  and  whilst  it  was  withnut  funt\s  or  a  government  to  support 
you.  You  have  conducted  the  great  military  contest  with  wisdom 
and  fortitude,  invariably  regarding  the  rights  of  the  civil  powers 
through  all  disasters  and  changes.  You  have,  by  the  love  and  con- 
fidence of  your  fellow-citizens,  enabled  them  to  display  their  martial 
genius,  and  transmit  their  fame  to  posterity.  You  have  persevered, 
till  these  United  States,  aided  by  a  magnanimous  King  and  Nation, 
have  been  enabled,  under  a  just  Providence,  to  close  the  war  in  free- 
dom, safety  and  independence  :  on  which  happy  event  we  sincerely 
join  you  in  congratulations. 

"Having  defended  the  standaid  of  liberty  in  this  new  world  :  having 
taught  a  lesson  useful  to  those  who  inflict  and  to  those  who  feel  op- 
pression, you  retire  from  the  great  theatre  of  action,  with  the  blessings 
of  your  fellow-citizens — but  the  glory  of  y.nir  virtues  will  not  termi- 
nate with  your  military  command — it  w:ll  continue  to  animate  re-; 
motest  ages. 

"We  feel  with  you  our  obligations  tn  the  army  in  general,  and  will 
particularly  charge  ourselves  with  the  interests  of  those  confidential 
officers  who  have  attended  your  person  to  this  affecting  moment. 

"We  join  you  in  commending  the  interests  of  our  dearest  country  to 
the  protection  of  Almighty  God,  beseeching  him  to  dispose  the  hearts 
and  minds  of  its  citizens  to  improve  the  opportunity  afforded  them, 
of  becoming  a  happy  and  respectable  nation.  And  for  you  we  address 
to  Him  our  warmest  |)rayers,  that  a  life  so  beloved  may  be  fo.->tered 
with  all  his  care  ;  that  your  days  may  be  as  happy  as  they  have  been 
•illustrious;  and  that  He  will  finally  give  ym\  that  reward  which  this 
world  cannot  give." 

The  Secretary  of  the  Senate  then  delivered  to  Washington  a  copy  of 
General  Mifflin's  address,  Washington  arose  and,  with  affecting  dig- 
nity, bowed  to  Congress.  The  members  uncovered  before  him.  He 
withdrew  from  the  Chamber  leaving  beauty's  eye  dimmed  with  affec- 
tion's tear. 

Washington,  accompanied  as  far  as  South  River,  three  n.iles  from 
Annapolis,  by  the  Governor  of  Maryland,  immediately  set  out  for 
Mount  Vernon  where  he  arrived  on  Christmas  Eve. 


208  •  •  T  H  E  A  X  c  I E  X  T  City.'' 

CHAPTER  XLIII. 

St.  John's  College. 

1784—1887. 

Before  the  ReA'olution,  Maryland  had  felt  the  necessity  of  larger 
facilities  for  advanced  learning.  Mr.  Eddis,  writing  under  date  of 
Oct.  4,  1773.  from  Annapolis,  says  : 

"The  Legislature  of  this  province,  animated  by  sentiments  which 
reflect  the  highest  credit  on  their  patriotism  and  wisdom,  have  also 
determined,  by  a  recent  law,  to  endow  and  form  a  college  for  the 
education  of  youth  in  every  liberal  and  useful  branch  of  Science. 

"An  institution  of  this  nature  was  most  strongly  recommended  to 
their  confidence  by  our  worthy  governor,  (Eden,)  at  early  period  after 
his  arrival  in  this  country  :  and  to  his  laudable  and  persevering  exer- 
tions, the  public  are  materially  indebted  for  the  establishment  of  a 
seminary  which,  as  it  will  be  conducted  under  excellent  regulations, 
will  shortly  preclude  tlie  necessity  of  crossing  the  Atlantic  for  the 
completion  of  a  classical  and  polite  education."  Tliis  college  was 
incipient  St.  John's.  Gov.  Bladen's  unfinished  residence  was  to  be 
repaired  and  used  as  a  college.  The  Revolutionary  war  came  on  and 
education  was  neglected  in  the  struggle  for  political  existence.  The 
war  was  barely  concluded  before  the  long-cherished  hope  of  the  State 
was  realized.  By  chapter  37,  Act  of  1784.  funds  were  provided  "for 
founding  a  college  on  the  Western  Shore  of  this  State  and  constitu- 
ting the  sjime,  together  with  Washington  College  on  the  Eastern  Shore,, 
into  one  University,  by  the  name  of  the  University  of  Maryland." 

It  IS  not  possible  for  the  most  prejudiced  mind  to  read  the  nineteen 
sections  of  this  memorable  Act  and  not  be  convinced  of  the  large  and 
wise  pro\nsion  the  State  intended  to  make  to  advance  the  cause  of 
liberal  education. 

The  preamble  recited  that,  as  "many  public-spirited  individuals" 
have  subscribed  and  procured  subscription  to  form  a  college  on  the 
Western  Shore  of  this  State,  that,  therefore  : 

"Z?e  it  Eiuicted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  a  col- 
lege, or  general  seminary  of  learning,  by  the"  name  of  St.  John's,  be- 
established  on  the  said  Western  Shore,  upon  the  following  fundamen- 
tal and  inviolable  principles,  namely  :  first,  the  said  college  shall  be 
founded  and  maintained  forever  upon  a  most  liberal  plan,  for  the 
benefit  of  youth  of  every  religious  denomination,  who  shall  be  freely 
admitted  to  equal  privileges  and  advantages  of  education,  and  to  all 
the  literary  honors  of  the  college,  according  to  their  merits  without 
requiring,  or  enforcing  any  religious  or  civil  test,  or  urging  their  at- 
tendance upon  any  particular  religious  worship,  or  service,  other  than 
what  they  have  been  educated  in  or  have  the  consent  or  approbation 
of  their  parents  or  guardians  to  attend  ;  nor  shall  any  preference  be 
given  in  the  choice  of  a  principal,  vice-principal,  or  other  professor, 
master,  or  tutor,  in  the  said  college  on  account  of  his  particular  re- 
ligious profession,  having  regard  solely  to  his  moral  character  and  lit- 
erary abilities,  and  other  necessary  qualifications  to  fill  the  place  for 
which  he  shall  be  chosen." 


History  of   A  x  x  a  p  o  l  i  s  .  209 

For  every  thousand  pounds  subscribed  by  any  individuals,  wiio 
choose  to  cliiss  themselves  together,  one  member  of  the  Board  of  Visi- 
tors and  Governors,  was  to  l)e  selected  liy  those  who  formed  the  class. 

Rev.  John  Carroll,  Rev.  Wm.  Smith,  and  Patrick  Allison,  Doctors 
of  Divinity.  Richard  Sprigg,  John  Steret  and  George  Diggs.  with 
power  to  appoint  others,  were  made  agents  to  collect  the  individual 
subscriptions  to  the  College. 

The  seventh  section  enacted,  "That,  if  the  city  of  Annapolis  should 
be  fixed  upon  as  a  place  for  establishing  the  said  intended  college,  this 
General  Assembly  give  and  grant,  and  tliat,  upon  that  condition,  do 
hereby  give  and  grant  to  the  Visitors  aTul  Governors  of  said  college 
by  the  name  of  'The  Visitors  and  Governors  of  St,  John's  in  the 
State  of  Maryland,'  and  their  successors,  all  that  four  acres,  within 
the  city  of  Annapolis,  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  public  and  con- 
veyed on  the  second  day  of  October,  1744,  by  Stephen  Bwrdley,  Esq.. 
to  Thomas  Bladen,  Esq.,  then  Governor,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  said 
four  acres  of  land,  with  the  appurtenance,  to  the  said  Visitors  and 
Governors,  and  their  successors,  for  the  only  use,  benefit,  and  behoof 
of  the  said  college  and  seminary  of  universal  learning  for  ever," 
Section  thii'teen  granted  the  sum  of  £1,750  annually  and  forever 
thereafter  as  a  donation  by  the  public  to  the  use  of  the  college. 

The  singularity  of  the  formation  of  the  Board  of  Governors  and  Vis- 
itors and  the  widely  separated  residences  of  the  members  of  it,  cre- 
ated some  difficulty  in  securing  a  meeting  of  the  managers,  but  on 
May  35,  1789,  a  committee  of  the  Board,  announced  that  the  Board  had 
appointed  John  McDowell,  A.  M.,  professor  of  ^Mathematics,  and  that 
the  committee  intended  to  have  two  rooms  "pushed  with  all  conven- 
ient dispatch."  This  committee  was  James  Brice,  Charles  Wallace, 
Riehstrd  Sprigg,  Thomas  Hyde,  and  Thomas  Harwood. 

On  Wednesday,  the  11th"  of  Xovember,  1789,  St.  John's  College, 
was  opened,  and  dedicated  with  much  solemnity,  in  the  presence  of 
"a  numerous  and  respectable  concourse  of  people.  The  honorable 
the  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  the  honorable  Chancellor,  the 
judges  of  the  General  Court,  together  witli  tlie  gentlemen  of  the  bar, 
the  worshipful  corporation  of  the  city,  and  the  principal  inhabitants 
thereof,  preceded  by  the  scholars,  the  professors,  and  the  Visitors  and 
Governors  of  the  college,  walked  in  procession  from  the  State  House 
to  the  college  hall.  An  elegant  sermon,  well  adapted  to  ..he  occasion 
was  preached  by  the  Reverend  Doctor  W.  Smith,  who  presided  fr  r  t'le 
day.  An  oration  was  also  delive^'ed  by  the  Reverend  Mr.  I  alp  h  Higin- 
bothom  on,  "The  advantages  of  a  classical  education."  As  a  nieinod 
of  instruction,  the  Gazette,  in  its  account  of  the  college  stated  that — 
"an  acquaintance  with  the  learned  languages  being  considered  as  the 
surest  and  most  proper  ground  on  which  to  lay  the  foundation  of 
other  b)ranches  of  literature,  it  is  intended  in  this  seminary,  the 
strictest  attention  shall  be  paid  to  the  students  in  that  particular. 
Grannnar,  in  all  its  parts,  will  be  taught  with  critical  exactness,  and 
the  more  strongly  to  impress  a  thorough  knowledge  of  this  prepara- 
tory branch  of  study  on  the  minds  of  the  pupils,  daily  exercise  will 
be  performed  therein.  Each  lesson  will  be  accompanied  with  an  ex- 
amination into  the  rules  and  principles  by  which  the  order  and  con- 
struction of  language  is  regulated  in  which  the  connexion  and  de- 
14 


210  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

pending  of  its  various  parts  on  each  other,  will  be  explained.  By  the 
above  method  the  student  will  not  only  be  informed  in  the  particu- 
lar language,  which  at  the  time  engages  his  attention,  but  he  will  be 
enabled  with  ease  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  other  tongues,  especially 
those  of  modern  date,  by  the  assistance  derived  from  this  mode  of  in- 
struction." 

The  Gazette  added — "It  is  expected  that  the  rooms  will  be  ready 
in  a  few  weeks  for  the  different  professors,  by  whom  youth  will  lie  in- 
structed in  all  the  sciences  usually  taught  in  colleges.  The  tuition  is 
fixed  at  five  pounds  per  annum,  and  good  board,  lodging  and  washing 
may  be  had,  as  the  public  is  already  informed,  in  respectable  fami- 
lies, at  the  rate  of  £30 current  money,  per  annum." 

Before  this  early  date  the  uncertain  tenure  of  the  appropriation  by 
the  State  was  already  indicated.  In  November,  1788,  tiie  Legisla- 
ture resolved  that  the  annual  appropriation  be  suspended  until  "the 
professors  and  other  officers  thereof  be  ap{)ointed  and  actually  en- 
gaged in  the  exercise  of  their  several  duties.*' 

On  Monday,  January  11,  1790,  the  grammar  and  mathematical' 
schools  were  removed  to  the  apartments  prepared  for  them  in  St. 
John's  College,  which  were  "fitted  up  in  a  commodious  and  neat  man- 
ner." 

On  November  21,  179:3,  was  the  first  conHneneement.  There  were 
two  graduates — John  Addison  Carr,  of  Maryland  and  Charles  Alexan- 
der, of  Virginia.  The  former  delivered  a  Latin  oration,  and  another 
"On  the  Advantages  of  Agriculture."  Mr.  Alexander  delivered  the 
valedictory.  On  both  graduates  was  conferred  the  degree  of  Bache- 
lor of  Arts.  "The  prhicipalthen  closed  the  business  of  the  day  l)yan 
address  to  the  graduates,  respecting  their  future  conduct  in  life,  and 
concluded  with  commending  them  to  the  care  and  protection  of  the 
Almighty  CTOvernor  of  the  Universe." 

"These  young  gentlemen,  on  their  private  and  public  exaiuinations 
acquitted  themselves  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  visitors  and  others  who 
attended,  and  their  public  exhiliition,  was  received  with  the  approba- 
tion of  a  polite  and  discerning  audience."* 

The  College  early  had  its  enemies  and  so  industriouslv  had  they 
been  at  work  that  in  March,  1803,  the  Governors  and  Visitors  depu- 
tized A.  C.  Hanson,  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  and  Richard 
Ridgely,  "to  publish  an  account  of  the  state  of  the  College,  and  of  the 
advantages  ii  possesses  and  may  afford."  From  this  pajjer  the  fol- 
lowing is  extracted  : 

"St.  John's  College  was  founded,  and  has  been  carried  on.  under  an 
Act  of  Assembly,  passed  in  1784,  by  private  contributions,  by  a  pub- 
lic annufil  donation  of  £1,759,  and  by  tuition  money.  Various  un- 
toward circumstances  delayed  the  opening  and  dedication  until  Novem- 
ber, 1789.  But  in  the  course  of  18  months  from  that  period,  the  plan 
of  the  college,  and  the  regulations  in  the  several  schools,  were  com- 
pleted, and  professors  and  teachers  employed  in  the  discharge  of  their 
offices.  ^ 

"It  is  notorious,  that  from  that  time  methods  have  lieen  essayed  to 
destroy,  or  suppress  a  seminary,  the  institution  of  which  had  been 
considered  as  reflecting  a  permanent  honour  on  the  State.  It  not- 
withstandmg  soon  acquired  a  reputation  scarcely  exceeded  by  that  of 

•  Md.  f;az;etfe. 


History  OP  Annapolis.  211 

any  other  college  within  the  United  States  ;  and  although  reports  in- 
dustriously circulated,  have  lately  impaired  its  credit,  no  seminary 
on  the  continent  has  afforded  superior  advantages  to  students  of  every 
description. 

''It  is  incumbent  on  us  to  notict  these  reports. 

"It  has  been  bruited  through  the  country,  that  young  men  and  even 
boys,  belonging  to  the  college,  have  been  corrupted,  or  at  least  ren- 
dered idle  and  dissipated,  by  the  attentions  paid  to  them  by  the  citi- 
zens of  Annapolis. 

"It  is  indeed  to  be  wished,  that  students  be  so  far  controlled  as  that 
they  shall  not  neglect  their  college  duties.  But  what  is  it  that  a  wise 
parent  or  guardian  comprehends  in  liberal  education  ?  Does  he  not 
wish  something  more  than  languages,  and  abstruse  science,  to  be  at- 
tained by  his  child,  or  ward,  whilst  at  college  ?  Can  he  be  insensible 
of  the  vast  importance  of  early  acquired  manners  ?  Let  him  then  be- 
lieve all  that  with  probability,  can  be  told  of  those  attentions.  He 
may  nevertheless,  be  persuaded,  that  the  respectable  houses  which 
have  been  reported  as  the  haunts  of  collegians,  confer  on  them  at  least 
the  advantage  of  polishing  their  manners,  and  of  preventing,  in  some- 
instances,  a  more  pernicious  dissii)ation  of  their  time.  Besides,  it  can- 
not be  denied,  that  valuable  connexions  may  be  formed  in  the  polite 
societies,  to  which  the  address  or  good  fortune  of  some  of  the  students^ 
has  introduced  them,  and  which  prejudice  or  'gnorance  alone  repre- 
sent as  baneful  to  the  rising  youth . 

"And  now,  admitting  that  students  have  heretofore  been  allowed  to 
consume  too  much  of  their  time  in  certain  genteel,  amiable  circles  of 
society,  is  it  to  be  imagined,  that  no  remedy  will  be  found  for  the 
grievance  ?  The  bare  report  through  the  country  will  be  sufficient  to 
bring  about  a  correction  of  the  evil. 

"The  truth  is,  that  in  Annapolis,  where  every  person  is  known  to  every 
other,  and  whei-e  there  are  constantly  men  unfriendly  to  the  college, 
viewing  everything  about  it  through  the  medium  of  prejudice,  the  con- 
duct of  a  few  irregular  young  men  may  fix  a  reproach  on  the  whole 
body  of  students,  as  well  as  the  trustees  and  faculty. 

"Can  it  be  necessary  to  suggest  to  our  intelligent  fellow-citizens, 
that  final  advantage,  enjoyed  by  the  students  in  St.  John's  College  of 
attending,  at  times,  the  debates  in  the  General  Assembly,  and  in  the 
several  supreme  courts  ?  It  is  at  Annapolis,  that  listening  to  the  elo- 
quence of  the  bar,  the  Senate,  and  the  House  of  Delegates,  an  in- 
genuous ardent  young  man  may  catch  the  flame  of  patriotism,  imbibe 
a  laudable  ambition,  and  lay  the  best  foundation  for  future  eminence. 

"Let  us  be  permitted,  then,  barely  to  hint  at  a  comparison  between 
this  seminary  and  a  college  fixed  in  the  country,  or  at  an  obscure - 
place.  What  are  the  superior  advantages  to  be  derived  from  the  lat- 
ter ?  It  is,  beyond  a  doubt,  that  youthful  innocence  will  be  there  bet- 
ter preserved  ?  No  !  but  the  latter  seminary  is  cheaper.  This  con- 
sideration is  indeed  important  to  men  of  scanty  fortune.  But,  to  men 
of  easy  circumstances,  it  surely  cannot  have  weight  sufficient  to  give- 
ponderance  to  the  scale,  into  which  it  is  triumphantly  thrown.  We 
will  not  pursue  a  subject,  which  may  be  invidious,  further  than  by- 
giving  a  plain,  correct  statement  of  expenses  at  St.  John's  College : 


313  '  '  T  u  E  A  N  G  I E  N  T  City.  ' ' 

"Of  a  youth,  boarding  in  the  College  Building,  board,  in- 
cluding washing,  fire  and  candle,  both  in  the  .public 
and  bed  rooms £50  00 

Tuition,  fire- wood  in  the  schools,  pens  and  ink G  10  0 

Total,  £50  10  0 

"To  which  add  £3  to  each  boy  in  the  higher  classes  learning  French. 

"At  the  last  meeting  of  the  trustees,  it  was  resolved,  that  the  next 
summer  vacation,  every  student  entering  the  college,  who  has  not  in 
Annapolis,  a  ]5arent,  or  guardian,  or  a  friend  wlio  will  give  him  board, 
or  in  wliom  his  parent  or  guardian  reposes  a  confidence,  and  who  will 
receive  him  as  an  inmate,  shall  board  in  the  college  l)uilding.  And  the 
cases  in  which  a  dispensation  is  to  be  allowed  are  to  be  judged  by  the 
principal.  Inferior  teachers,  who  are  not  married  men,  or  house- 
keepers, are  likewise  to  board  there,  for  the  j)urpose  of  superintending 
the  students.  Mr.  Duke,  the  profosor  of  languages,  already  boards 
there.  All  the  rooms  are  spacious,  airy, and  convenient;  and  the 
family  which  keeps  the  house  is  respectable,  and  affords  such  fare  and 
treatment  in  every  respect,  as  ought  to  give  satisfaction.  Students 
now  boardin.g  in  private  house  are  not  to  be  compelled  to  board  in  the 
college,  although  they  are  earnestly  invited  to  make  that  exchange, 
which  must  be  salutary  to  themselves  and  to  the  in.stitution. 

"We  presume,  that  there  are  few  seminaries  in  town,  where  the 
whole  expense,  exclusive  of  cloaths,  pocket  money,  and  books,  does 
not  exceed  £56  10  0  or  £59  10  0,  and  where  a  student  siiall  not,  to  the 
mortification  of  himself  and  his  fond  parents,  subsist  scantily  on  un- 
palatable food  and  be  stinted  even  with  respect  to  clean  linen,  &c.  It 
isceitain  that  whenever  board  is  fixed  too  low,  either  it  must  in  a 
short  time  be  raised,  or  the  boarder  must  submit  to  hard  fare,  and 
other  inconvenience. 

"Reports  in jui-ious  •  to  St.  John's  College  have  originated  from  an 
unhappy  difference  between  a  teacher  and  a  professor.  We  content 
ourselves  with  remarking  this  most  extraordinary  circumstance,  that 
the  professor,  who  is  indeed  eminent  for  his  knowledge  of  the  learned 
languages,  and  who  has  voluntarily  guided  the  college,  without  cen- 
sures from  the  trustees,  has  lately  been  appointed  to  "an  high  station 
in  a  seminary  of  rising  importance  and  reputation,  in  the  prosj)erity  of 
which  every  enlightened  liberal  citizen  must  feel  an  interest,  although 
he  may  not  wish  the  downfall  of  St.  John's  College." 

The  faculty  at  this  time  was  : 

John  McDowell,  A.  M..  Principal. 

Reverend  Ralph  Higinbothom,  Vice  Prhicipal. 

Rev.  William  Duke,  Professor  of  Languages. 

Mr.  John  Connell,  Professor  of  English  and  Grammar. 

Mr.  Philip  Curran,  xVssistant  Professor  of  English  and  Granunar. 

Mr.  Richard  Owen,  Master  of  Writing  and  Arithmetic. 

Mr.  Marin  Detargny,  Professor  of  French. 

St.  John's  survived  unscathed  this  attack  of  its  enemies,  and  for 
years  realized  the  most  sanguine  hopes  of  its  broad  and  liberal  foun- 
ders. Poets,  jurists,  scholars,  and  statesmen  were  sent  forth  from  her 
classic  halls,  "who  have  been  the  pride  of  her  own  and  the  admiration 
of  other  States,  and  who  have  earned  for  the  State  reputation, 
and  reflected  honor  on  their  alma  mader." 


History  OF   Annapolis.  213 

From  1793,  when  the  first  class  was  c^raduated  to  180G,  there  ap- 
pears in  the  registry  of  the  Alumini  of  the  College,  four  Governors  of 
Maryland,  one  Governor  of  Liberia,  seven  Members  of  the  Executive 
Council,  six  United  States  Senators,  five  Members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  four  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  eight  Judges  of 
other  Courts,  one  Attorney-General,  one  United  States  Disti-ict  At- 
torney, one  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasurer,  six  State  Senators, 
fifteen  Members  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  besides  foreign  Consuls, 
Officers  ri  the  Army  and  Navy,  Physicians,  and  Sni-geons,  and  dis- 
tinguislied  Lawyers,  including  one  Chancellor  of  South  Carolina. 
There  were  many  others  who  left  the  College  before  completing  its 
course  and  engaged  in  agriculture  and  eoraraei-ce. 

In  180G,  thongli  a  political  feud,  the  nature  of  which  has  not  been 
handed  down  to  us,  the  State  appropriations  to  St.  John's  and  Wash- 
ington College  were  withdi'awn. 

The  necessary  buildings  had  been  erected,  the  Professors  appointed, 
a  number  of  young  men  from  all  parts  of  the  State  and  from  some  of 
the  sister  States  had  been  drawn  to  it ;  and  thus,  when  the  fondest 
hopes  of  its  friends  were  more  than  realized,  the  Legislature  so  far 
ignored  its  solemn  obligations  as  to  pass  an  Act  for  the  revocation  of 
the  grant  made  to  St.  John's  in  the  Act  of  incorporation.  "Each  party," 
says  Francis  Scott  Key,  (the  author  of  our  great  national  hymn.  '"The 
Star  Spangled  Banner,"  and  an  alumnus  of  St.  .John's.)  referring  to 
this  action  of  the  General  Assembly — "caught  at  the  advantage 
to  be  gained  by  the  apparent  popularity  of  the  measure,  and 
the  real  interests  and  honor  of  the  State  were  sacrificed  by  each."  The 
distinguished  William  Pinkxev,  who  eloquently,  hut  A^ainly,  re- 
monstrated against  the  passage  of  this  Act,  predicted  that  "the  day 
which  witnessed  the  degradation  of  St.  .John's  College,  in  the  very 
dawn  of  its  promise,  would  prove  the  dai'kest  day  Maryland  had 
known. ' '  For  some  time  the  usefulness  of  the  college  seems  to  have  been 
almost  entirely  destroyed,  as  no  lists  of  graduates  appear  until  1810. 
Nothing  seems  to  have  been  done  to  repair  what  is  now  conceded  to 
have  been  a  great  wrong,  until  1811,  when  the  sum  of  SI. 000  was  re- 
stored. In  18.34,  a  lottery  was  granted  to  the  college,  the  proceeds 
of  which,  amounting  to  S20,000,  were  invested  in  bank  stock,  from 
which  an  annual  income  of  Si, 200  was  derived,  until  about  thirty 
years  afterwards,  when  the  whole  fund  was  expended  in  erecting  a 
dormitory  for  students  and  dwellings  for  professors. 

It  was  not  until  1833,  that  the  Boai'd  of  Visitors  and  Governors  of 
the  College,  in  a  memorial  to  the  General  Assembly,  having  set  forth 
in  a  most  clear  and  forcible  way  the  unanswerable  character  of  their 
legal  claim,  the  Legislature  was  led  to  increase  the  grant  to  S3, 000, 
at  the  same  time,  however,  providing  that  the  Board  should  agree  to 
accept  this  sum  "in  full  satisfaction  "of  all  legal  or  equitable  claims 
which  the  College  might  have,  or  be  supposed  to  have,  against  the 
State."  Here  was.  if  not  a  plain  ease  of  duress,  at  least  a  case  of 
"Might  vs.  Right."  "There  is  no  question,''  says  President  Garnett, 
in  1880,  "that' if,  at  any  time  before  1819,  when'  the  Dartmoutli  Col- 
lege decision  was  rendered,  and  1833.  suit  had  been  brought,  the  full 
amount  of  the  arrearages  (then  over  $100,000)  might  have  been  re- 
covered ;  but,  in  defense  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  and  Governors,  it 
may  be  said  that  they  believed  their  rights  were  entirely  in  the  power 


21i  •'TheAnciextCity.'' 

of  the  State  and  without  any  means  of  behig  enforced  ;  so  the  deed  of 
release  was  executed  and  entered  upon  the  records  of  theCoui-tof  Ap- 
peals. ' ' 

The  Board  of  Visitoi-s  and  Governors,  however,  having  l)ecome  con- 
vinced of  the  arbitrary  character  of  this  settlement  of  their  claim 
against  the  State,  submitted,  in  1859,  with  the  consent  of  the  Legis- 
lature, tlie  following  points  to  the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  : 

•'I.  Whether  the  ap|)i"opriation  'nade  in  the  charter  constitutes  a 
contract  on  the  part  of  tlie  State  which  could  not  be  legally  repealed 
by  the  Act  of  1805. 

"2.  Whether  this  latter  Act  is  not  a  violation  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

"3.  Whether  the  charter  constituted  such  a  contract  as.  if  entered 
into  between  individual  citizens,  would  be  legally  binding  upon 
them." 

All  three  of  these  points  (Vol.  15,  Md.  Reports  p.  330)  were  unani- 
mously decided  in  the  affirmative.  When,  however,  a  few  years 
thereafter,  suit  was  brought  to  recover  tlie  amount  of  their  claim — 
over  S^^OO. 000.  inclusive  of  interest — it  was  held  by  tlie  Court  that  the 
Board  of  Visitors  and  Governors  could  not  avoid  the  release  given  in 
1833,  and  the  suit  was  accordingly  decided  against  I  hem.  Inasmuch, 
however,  as  eminent  lawyers,  among  them  the  lion.  Reverdy  .John- 
son, himself  an  alumnus  of  St.  John's,  maintained  that  under  the 
terms  of  the  charter  itself  (Acts  of  1784,  Chapter  37,  Section  l(i),  the 
Board  had  transcended  its  powers  in  granting  this  release,  measures 
were  taken  for  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  tlie  United  States. 
Pending  this  proceeding,  however,  the  Board,  feeling  reluctant,  as 
they  aOirmed,  to  seek  redress  for  the  wrongs  of  a  Maryland  College  in 
a  trilmnal  beyond  its  jurisdiction,  addressed  a  memorial  to  the  Legis- 
lature of  186(3,  in  response  to  which,  and,  doubtless,  in  recognition  of 
this  appeal  to  their  sense  of  justice,  the  General  Assembly  appro- 
priated the  sum  of  .$13,000  anuuallv  for  five  years  from  .June  1st, 
1868. 

Humphrey  Hall,  standing  to  the  right  of  McDowell  Hall,  was  erect- 
ed in  1834,  for  the  accommodation  of  students,  a-^^d  for  the  improving 
and  extending  the  library  and  philosophical  apparatus  of  tlie  institu- 
tion. ••Tliis  was  done  by  the  exertions  of  the  Principal,  Rev.  Hector 
Humpliveys,  D.  D.,  who  by  visits  to  different  parts  of  the  State,  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  donations  aggregating  over  S12.000.'" 
_  The  building  soon  after  its  erection  was  described  as  being  "de- 
signed for  one  of  the  professors,  and  the  students  :  there  are  twenty 
private  rooms  in  it,  intended  for  the  separate  studies  lor  members  of 
the  advanced  classes,  and  two  large  dormitories  for  pupils  in  the  pre- 
paratory branches.  A  building  like  this  had  long  been  needed.  It 
will  accommodate  at  least  sixty  students  in  all  tlie  departments." 

During  the  war  between  the  Federal  Government  and  Seceded  States, 
the  buildings  and  grounds  of  St.  John's  College  were  seized  l)y  the 
Government  for  military  purposes.  Its  comuKms  were  turned  iiito  a 
camp,  its  halls  into  quarters,  and  its  laboratory  into  a  stable.  During 
this  period  the  educational  functions  were  suspended  and  the  State's 
appropriation  withdrawn.  It  was  revived  and  restored  in  an  aggregate 
sum  by  Chapter  101,  Acts  of  1866. 

The  College  buildings  were  soon  put  in  thorough  repair,  and  Dr. 
Henry  Barnard,  of  Connecticut,  late  Commissioner  of  Education,  was 


History  of  Annapolis.  215 

.elected  PriiieiiKil,  bv  whom  the  Collei;je  was  reopened  in  Septeniber, 
18G6. 

By  Chapter  398.  Acts  of  1872,  the  College,  in  addition  to  the  $3,000, 
.already  received  it  was  giv^en  a  further  grant  of  $12,000  per  annum 
for  six  years.     This  was  a  renewal  of  the  grant  of  18G8. 

The  same  Act  gave  $5,000  for  "increasing  and  improving  the  Col- 
lege library,  laboratory,  philosophical  apparatus  and  cabinet."  This 
Act  also  directed  to  be  paid  to  the  Visitors  and  Governor;^;  of  St. 
John's  "the  sum  of  $10,000  per  annum,  payable  quarterly,  to  be  ap- 
plied by  them  in  furnishing  board,  fuel,  lights,  and  washing,  to  two 
•of  the  students,  educated  free  of  charge  for  tuition,  from  each  Sena- 
torial District  of  this  State,  and  appointed  by  the  Commissioners  of 
the  Primary  Schools,  by  and  with  the  ads'ice  and  consent  of  the  Sena- 
tor in  their  respective  Senatorial  Districts,  after  a  competitive  exami- 
nation of  the  candidates,  provided,  that  the  said  appointment  shall 
not  be  held  by  the  same  student  for  more  than  four  years,   and  that 

■  each  student,  receiving  such  appointment,  sliall  give  his  bond  to  the 
State  of  3Iaryland  for  such  amount,  witli  such  security,  as  may  be 
approved  of  by  the  Principal  of  said  College  that  he  will  teach  school 
within  this  State  for  not  less  than  two  years  after  leaving  College." 

By  Chapter  315.  Acts  of  1878,  tiie  appropriation  ->f  $12,000  addi- 
tional to  the  $3,000  of  coiitrac:  was  voted  the  College  for  two  years  ; 
and  the  ten  thousand  to  Senatorial  Scholars  was  reduced  to  $7,500 
per  annum.  The  candidates  for  Senatorial  scholarship,  by  this  Act 
were  required  to  produce  before  tiie  Scliool  Commissioners  of  their 
respective  counties  and  the  city  of  Baltimore  "satisfactory  evidence 
.of  their  moral  character  and  of  their  inability,  orthe  inability  of  their 
parents,  or  guardians,  to  pay  the  regular  College  charges." 

The  appropriations  of  $7,500  per  annum  for  Senatorial  scholarships, 
.and  $3,000  for  ge!:eral  expenses  continues  to  the  present. 

The  College,  during  its  existence  of  a  century  presents  a  long  array  of 
honorable  names  that  acknowledge  St.  John's  as  their  alma  mater. 
Among  tlu'm  are  : 

Daniel  Clarke,  Associate  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  District  ;  John 
Done,  Judge  of  the  Ceneral  Court,  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, and  of  the  Court  of  Ap))ea]sof  Maryland  ;  Clement  Dorsey,  Judge 
of  the  First  Judicial  District  ;  Benjamin  Ogle,  Governor  of  Maryland  ; 
Ninian  Piiikney,  Clerk  of  the  Executive  C'^uncil,  of  the  class  of  1793  ; 
Eichard  Ilarwood.  xVdjutant-General  of  Maryland  ;  John  Carlisle  Her- 
bert, Meniber  of  Congress  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of 
Maryland  ;  Alexander  Contee  Magruder,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, Reoorter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  same  Court  ;  John  Seney  and 
John  C.  Weems,  Members  of  Congress,  of  the  class  of  1794;  Robert 
H.  Goldsborough,  United  States  Senator  ;  Francis  Scott  Key.  author 

■  of  "Star  Spangled  Banner  ;"  John  Ridgely,  Sui-geon  United  States 
Navy  ;  Washington  Van  Bibber,  Member  of  Congress,  of  the  class  of 
1796  :  John  Leeds  Kerr.  United  States  Senator ;  John  Tayloe  Lomax. 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Virdnia.  of  the  class  of  1797  ;  Alex- 
ander Ilammett,  Consul  at  Naples  ;  Thomas  U.  P.  Charlton,  Chancel- 
lor of  South  Carolina  :  William'Rodgers.  Surgeon  United  States  Navy  ; 
Tobias  Watkins.  Auditor  in  United  States  Treasury,  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  United  States  Army :  John  Wilmot.  Adjutant-General  of 
Maryland,  of  the   class   of   1798  :    Thomas   Beale  Dorsey,  Attorney- 


2lG  -'The  Ancient  City.'' 

General  of  Maryland  and  Chief  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  Dennis 
Claude,  M.  D.,  Treasurer  of  Maryland;  George  Washington  Parke 
Custis,  of  theclassof  1799  ;  Nicholas  Harwood.  M.  D.,  Surgeon  United 
States  Navy  ;  George  Maun,  Lieutenant  United  States  Navy  ;  James 
Thomas,  Governor  of  Maryland,  of  the  class  of  1800  ;  James  Murray, 
Examiner  General ;  Charles  W.  Hanson,  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial 
District ;  Alexander  C.  Hanson,  Member  of  the  House  of  Kepresenta- 
tives  and  United  States  Senator  ;  David  Hoffman  .  Professor  of  Laws 
in  the  University  of  Maryland  ;  Charles  Sterrett  Kidgely,  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Delegates,  class  of  l302;_John  Contee,  Lieutenant 
U.  S.  Marine  Corps  ;  William  Grason,  Governor  of  Maryland  ;  Christo- 
pher Hughes,  Charge  to  Sweden;  Thomas  Williamson,  '  Suj-geon 
United  States  Navy,  of  the  class  of  1804  ;  George  Mackubin,  Treasurer 
of  Maryland  ;  Ji^hn  Wesley  Peaco,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  and  Govc-rnor 
of  Liberia  ;  Daniel  Randall,  Deputy  Paymaster  General,  U.  S.  Army  ; 
Hyde  Ray,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  ;  John  R.  Shaw,  Purser  U.  S.  Navy  ; 
Seth  Switzer,  Consul  to  Guayaquil ;  William  T.  Wooton,  Secretary  of 
State,  of  the  class  of  1806  ;  Thomas  Randall,  J  udge  of  tlie  District 
Court  of  Florida  :  John  Ridout,  Visitor  and  Governor  ;  John  Gwina, 
Captain  L^.  S.  Navy  ;  William  Latimer,  Admiral  L'.  S.  Navy  ;  Wil- 
liam H.  Marriott,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Baltimore,  of  the  class  of 
1810  :  Nicholas  Brewer,  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Anne  Arundel ; 
William  Caton.  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  ;  Re verdy  Johnson,  United  States 
Senator,  Attorney-General,  of  United  States,  Minister  to  England  ; 
David  Ridgcly,  State  Librarian,  author  of  ' '  Annals  of  An- 
napolis," William  Greenbury  Ridgely,  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Navy  De- 
partment at  Washington  ;  .John  Nelson  Watkins  Adjutant-General  of 
Maryland,  of  the  class  of  1811  ;  Thomas  S.  Alexander,  L.  L.  D., 
George  G.  Brewer,  Register  of  the  Ijand  Office  ;  .lohn  Denny.  Surgeon 
United  States  Navy  ;  John  Johnson,  Clianeellor  of  Maryland  :  Laudon 
Mercer,  Lieutenant  United  States  Navy  ;  Richard  Randall,  .M.  D. 
U.  S.  A.,  and  Governor  of  Liberia  ;  Francis  Thomas,  Member  of  Con- 
gress, Governor  of  Maryland,  Minister  to  Peru  ;  Ramsay  Waters, 
liegister  in  Chancery  ;  John  B.  Wells,  Surgeon  in  United  States 
Army ;  George  Wells,  President  of  the  Maryland  Senate;  William 
Williams,  M.  D.,  President  of  the  Maryland  Senate,  of  the  classes 
from  1811  to  1821  ;  Alexander  Randall,  Member  of  Congress  ami  At- 
torney-General of  Maryland,  of  the  class  of  1822  ;  Nicholas  Brewer,  of 
Johu.  Adjutant-General  of  Maryland  ;  Burton  Randall.  Sur^'eon 
United  States  Army,  of  the  classes  from  1822  to  182()  :  John  Henry 
Alexander,  L.  L.  D.  ;  William  Harwood,  State  Librarian.  Professorat 
the  Naval  Academy,  School  Examiner  of  Anne  Arundel  County; 
William  Pinkncy,  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Cliurcli'in 
Maryland  ;  William  H.  Tuck,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ;  John 
Bowie,  Lieutenant  United  State  Navy,  of  the  class  of  1827  ;  John 
Randall  Hagner.  Paymaster  United  States  Army  ;  Thomas  Karney, 
Professor  of  Ethics  and  Librarian  in  the  United  States  Naval  Aca- 
demy ;  Ninian  Pinkney,  Medical  Director,  U.  S.  Navy  ;  Augustus 
Bowie,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  :  Sprigg  Harwood.  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  :  Johu  H.  T.  Magruder,  State  Librarian  ;  Richard  Swaun.  State 
Liln-ariau,  of  the  class  of  1830:  Rev.  Orlando  Hutton.  John  Greene 
Proud.  Poet  before  the  Alumni ;  F.  W.  Green,  Member  of  Congress  ; 
Peter  V.  Hagner,  U.  S.  Army,  of  the  class  of  1834  ;  Abram  Claude, 
Professor  of  Chemistry  St.    John's  College.    Mayor   of   Annapolis,  of 


History  or   A  x  x  a  p  o  l  i  s  .  217 

the  class  of  1835  ;  William  R.  Ilavward,  Commissioner  of  the  Land 
Office ;  Rev.  Samuel  Ridout,  class  of  1836  ;  William  Tell  Claude  ; 
Henry  H.  Goldsboroucjh.  President  of  State  Convention  of  1864, 
Comijtroller,  Judge  of  Eleventh  Judicial  Circuit ;  Willia7n  H.  Thomp- 
son, Professor  of  Grammar  in  St.  Jolui's  College :  Marius  Duvall, 
Medical  Director  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  :  William  E.  Goodman,  M.  D.  ; 
Philip  Lausdale,  Medical  Director  U.  S.  Xavy ;  William  Levely, 
Surgeon  United  States  Army,  of  the  class  of  1888 ;  Frederick 
Stone,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  of  the  class  of  1839  ;  Luther 
Giddings,  Major  of  rhe  United  States  xVrmy ;  George  S.  Hum- 
phrey, Lieutenant,  United  States  Army ;  Richard  Grason,  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland,  class  of  1841 ;  Llewellyn  Boyle, 
Lieutenant  United  States  Army  and  State  Librarian  ;  John  Thomas 
Hall.  Lieutenant  Uni;ed  States  Army;  James  Kemp  Harwood, 
Purser  United  States  Navy ;  Thomas  A.  MePai'lin,  Surgeon 
L'nited  States  Army  ;  John  Schaaff  Stookett,  State  Reporter  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals,  of  the  class  of  1844;  Nicholas  Brewer,  State  Re- 
porter of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ;  Richard  M,  Chase,  Secretary  of  the 
Naval  Academy  ;  James  Munroe.  Mayor  of  Annnapolis,  class  of  1846  ; 
James  Shaw  Friinklin,  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ;  Jo!m  Mullan, 
Captain  United  States  Army ;  diaries  S,  Winder,  Captain  U.  S. 
Army,  and  Brigadier  General  Confederate  States  Army  ;  class  of  1847; 
James  Revell,  State's  Attorney  for  Anne  Arundel  County  ;  Thomas 
J,  Nelson,  Paymaster  U,  S.  Army,  class  of  1849 :  Charles  Brewer, 
Surgeon  in  U."  S.  and  C.  S.  Armies  ;  William  Sprigg  Hall,  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for   Ramsey  County,  Minnesota,  class  of 

1852  :  Daniel  R.  Magruder,  Judge  of  the  Court   of  Appeals,  class  of 

1853  :  Jolm  H.  Sellman.  Paymaster  United  States  Navy,  Collector 
Internal  Revenue,  class  of  i857  :  Andrew  G.'  Chapman,  Member  of 
Congress,  class  of  1858  ;  John  W.  Brewer,  Assistant  Surgeon  United 
States  Army  :  William  Hersey  Hopkins.  Vice  Principal  of  St,  John's 
College,  President  Female  College  of  Baltimore,  class  of  1857  ;  Samuel 
T,  McCullough,  Lieutenant  Confederaie  States  Army,  class  of  1800. 

In  1857,  there  was  added  to  St-  John's  College  Pinkney  Hall,  con- 
taining 46  rooms.  When  in  tliorough  repair  it  will  accon^modate 
140  to  150  students.  Its  floorings  were  greatly  damaged  during  the 
occupancy  of  the  College  by  the  United  States  troops  in  the  civil  war. 
Its  dimensions  are  38  feet  front,  95  feet  deep,  and  is  four  stories.  The 
Gymnasium  is  in  the  rear  of  the  space  between  ■  McDowell  and  Pink- 
ney Halls.  The  two  professors  houses  to  the  riglit  ox  Humphrey  llall 
were  Vmilt  in  1855,  the  fine  doui4c  house,  intended  for  the  use  of  the 
Principal  and  Vice-Principal,  was  built  in  1857. 

The  following  was  the  faculty  of  1886  : 

Thomas  J.  Fell,  University  of  London,  England  ;  Acting  President, 
Professor  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Laiiguages,  and  Lecturer  on  Me- 
taphysics, Moral  Philosophy  and  Evidences  of  Christianity  :  A.  Sager 
Hall,  Graduate  and  Doctor  of  Philosophy  of  Michigan  University, 
Professor  of  Natural  Philosopliy.  Astronomy,  Chemistry,  Zoology  and 
Botany,  and  Lecturer  on  Mineralogy  and  Geology ;  C.  W.  Reid,  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Greek  and  German  Languages  ;  Cuarles  W.  Foster,  U. 
S.  A.,  Professor  of  Military  Science  and  Tactics,  and  Lecturer  on  In- 
ternational and  Constitutional  Law  ;  J.  H.  Baker,  Assistant  Engineer 
U.  S.  N.,  Professor  of  Higher  Mathematics  and  Mechanical  Engineer- 


218  "The  Ancient  Citt.'' 

•in"- ;  C.  W.  Caiiu  Profes^sor  of  Mathematics  and  Acting  Professor  of 
English  Literature:  C.  ^Y.  Pteid.  Superintendent  of  the  Preparatory- 
Department  and  Librarian  :  J.  E.  W.  Revell.  Tutor  in  the  Prepara- 
tory Department ;  John  L.  Chew,  Tutor  in  the  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment. 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 
Preside.nt  W'asiiixgt  n's  Visit  to  Annapolis. 

On  Friday  morning.  March  2.1th,  17.51,  President  Washington,  ac- 
companied only  by  his  private  Secretary,  Major  .Jackson,  arrived  in 
Annapolis.  Intelligence  having  been  received  of  his  intended  em- 
barkation at  Koc'k  Hall,  he  had  been  anxiously  expected  on  Thursday 
evening — Init  the  Governor,  and  several  other  gentlemen,  who  had 
failed  to  meet  liim.  were  compelled  to  return  witiiout  tidings.  "The 
vessel,  which  c  nitained  the  chief  treasure  of  America,  did  not  enter 
the  river  Severn  until  ten  o'clock,  in  a  dark  tem|)estuous  nisxlit.  She 
struck  on  a  bar,  or  [)oint,  within  about  a  mile  from  the  city;  and  although 
they  made  a  signal  of  distress,  it  was  impossible,  before  day-light,  to 
go  to  her  relief.  The  guardian  angel  of  America  was  still  watchful ; 
and  we  are  happy  in  assuring  our  countrymen  that  the  health  of  their 
dearest  friend  has  not  been  at  all  aifected  by  an  accidefit  far  more 
distressing  to  those  who  were  apprised,  or  rather  aiJjirehensive.  of  his 
situation,  than  to  himself."-' 

At  10  o'clock  on  the  same  day  attended  by  the  Governor,  and  a 
number  of  respectable  citizens,  he  visited  St.  .John's  College,  and  ex- 
pressed much  satisfaction  at  the  appearance  of  this  rising  seminary. 
He  then  pursued  his  walk  to  the  goverinnent  house.  At  three  o'clock 
he  sat  down  to  a  public  dinner  at  ^Ir.  Mann's  with  a  numerous  com- 
pany of  the  inhabitants,  and  continued  at  table  until  there  had  been 
circulated  the  following  toasts,  each  of  wliich  was  announced  Ijy  the 
discharge  of  cannon — 

1.  The  People  of  the  United  States  ol  America. 

2.  The  Congress. 

3.  The  dearest  Friend  of  his  Country. 

4.  The  State  of  Maryland. 

•5.  Wisdom,  .Justice  and  Harmony,  in  all  our  Public  Councils. 

6.  Agriculture  Manufactures,  Commerce  and  Learning:  may  they 
flourish  with  Virtue  and  true  Religion. 

7.  The  King  of  the  French. 

8.  The  National  Assem^tly  of  France. 

y.  The  Sieur  la  Fayette,  and  the  other  generous  Friends  to  America 
in  the  day  :f  her  Distress. 
*  Md.  Gaz   lie. 


History  ok  Annapolis.  319 

10.  To  all  those  who  have  fallen  iu  the  Cause  of  America. 

11.  The  Patriots  of  Nations  and  Ages. 

12.  The  Powers  of  Europe  friendly  to  America. 

13.  May  all  the  inhabitant'i  of  the  Earth  be  taught  to  consider  each 
other  as  Fellow  Citizens. 

14.  The  Virtuous  Daughters  of  xVmerica. 

15.  The  Perpetual  Union  of  distinct  Sovereign  States  vnider  an  effi- 
cient Federal  Head. 

On  Saturday  the  President  again  dined  with  a  large  company  at  the 
Government  House  ;  and  in  the  evening  his  presence  enlivened  a  ball, 
at  which  was  exhibited  everything  which  the  little  city  contained  of 
beauty  and  elegance. 

The  little  city  was  in  a  whirl  of  delightful  excitement  during  the 
entire  stay  of  its  illustrious  visitor,  all  care  seemed  suspended,  and 
tlie  inhabitants  of  the  whole  town  were  made  "hap:  y  in  contemplating 
liim  wjiom  they  considered  as  their  fastest  friend,  as  well  as  the  nrost 
exalted  of  tlieir  f(;llow -citizens,  and  the  first  of  men." 

Oil  Sunday,  the  27t]i.  the  President  loft  Aiuiajwli:!  on  horseback, 
escorted,  as  far  as  Soutli  liiver,  by  a  company  of  gentlemen.  Here 
the  most  of  them  took  leave  of  him.  but  Governor  Plater  accompanied 
him  to  Georgetown,  where  the  President  stayed  some  days  before  he 
began  his  arduous  and  patriotic  journey  through  the  Southern  States. 

A  pleasant  outgrowth  of  President  Washington's  visit  to  Annapolis 
was  the  following  correspondence  : 

Annapolis.  April  7th. 

To   The  Prrskleiit  of  the   UnUed  St.afe>i. 

Sir: — We.  the  Faculty  of  St.  John's  College,  beg  leave  to  express 
the  sincere  joy  which  the  honour  of  your  presence  in  our  infant  semi- 
nary afforded  us.  In  common  witii  all .  those  who  superintend  the 
education  of  youth,  we  must  feel  a  lively  gratitude  to  the  defender  of 
liberty,  the  guardian  of  his  country,  and  consequently  the  great  patron 
of  literature.  But  as  this  seminary  was  begun  since  the  united  voice 
of  our  America  called  yon  to  preside  over  its  most  important  interests, 
and  ensure  to  them  the  continuance  of  those  blessings  which  your 
calm  foresight  and  steady  fortitude  hadbc-en  the  happy  means  of  pro- 
curing, it  seems  in  a  peculiar  manner  to  look  up  to  you  with  filial 
respect.  That  it  dates  its  birth  from  this  grand  era,  which  has  placed 
you  at  the  head  of  fifteen  distinct  Sovereign  States  united  into  one 
mighty  reputilic,  is  regarded  ])y  its  friends  as  an  auspicious  circum- 
stance and  flattering  assurance  of  its  future  eminence  and  usefulness. 
To  the  friend  of  virtue  and  his  country,  the  rise  of  a  college,  where 
the  youth  of  generations,  yet  unborn,  may  be  taught  to  admire  and 
emulate  the  great  and  good,  must  give  a  heart  felt  delight,  as  they 
promise  perpetuity  to  the  labours  and  renown  of  the  patriot  and  hero. 

Our  earnest  prayers,  that  a  kind  Providence  may  constantly  watch 
•over  you,  and  preserve  a  life,  long,  indeed,  already,  if  measured  by 
deeds  of  worth  and  fullness  of  honors,  but  too  sliort  as  yet  for  your 
•country. 

Signed  in  belialf,  and  at  the  request,  of  the  Faculty. 

John  McDowell,  President, 
To  the  Farnlty  of  St.  John's  College, 

Gentlemen  :— The  satisfaction  which  I  have  derived  from   my  visit 


•220  ''The  Ancient   City." 

■  )  your  infant  seminary,  is  expressed  with  real  pleasure,  and  my  wishes 
'jr  its  progress  to  perfection  are  preferred  with  sincere  regard. 
The  very  promising  appearance  of  its  infancy  must  flatter  all  its 

•  liends  (among  whom  I  entreat  you  to  class  me)  with  the  hope  of  an 

•  arly.  and  at  the  same  time,  a  mature  manhood. 

You  will  do  justice  to  the   sentiments,  wliich  your  kind  regard 

towards  myself  inspires,   by  believing  that  I    reciprocate  the  good 

wishes  contained  in  your  address,  and  1  sincerely  hope  the  excellence 

,.f  ,-,,,.■,■  ^...viinaay  will  be  manifested  in    T'^^   Morals  and  science  of  the 

;ii'e  favored  with  your  cai;  . 

iiiiE  Washington. 

President  Washington  gave  a  proof  of  his  friendly  sentiments  to- 
wards St.  John's  by"  installing  his  ward,  George  Washington  Parke 
'  ustis,  as  a  stvidentin  the  institution.  Two  nephews  of  Washington 
..ere  also  students  of  the  College, 


CHAPTER  XLY. 

(/iiiiOXiCLES  OF  Annapolis  fp.o.m   1777  to  1810. 

[1777.]  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  Pebiuary  Session,  1777, 
passed  a  resolution,  under  which  the  Court  of  Appeiils  was  to  be  com- 
posed of  five  Judges.  The  first  Judges  were  Benjamin  Ramsey.  Chief 
Judge  ;  Benjamin  Maekall,  Thomas  Jones,  Solomon  Wright,  James 
Murray,  Associates.     They  were  appointed  December  12th,  1778. 

The  Acts  of  February  Session,  1777,  Chapter  15,  made  the  "Talbot 
Court  House"  and  Annapolis,  the  places  of  tlie  meeting  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Court,  afterward  changed  into  tlic  General  Court.  It  was  a 
Court  of  original  jurisdiction.  Tlie  first  Judges,  appointed  March  9th, 
1778,  were  William  Paca,  Chief  Judare  ;  Nicholas  Thomas  and  x\.lex. 
Contee  Hanson,  Associate  Judges.  This  Court  met  in  the  room  which, 
in  the  State  House,  gave  place  to,  and  is  now  occupied  in  i)art  bv  the 
State  Library. 

[1783.]  In  1783,  one  I.  Chalmers,  a  goldsmith,  of  Annajjolis.  INIary- 
land,  issued  silver  tokens  as  a  speculative  ventui-e  of  his  own.  They 
consisted  of  sliillings,  six-pences.  and  three-pences,  now  ivve.  the  two 
smaller  pieces  particularly  so.  Dr.  John  David  Schoff,  who  visited 
this  county  in  1783-4,  gives  the  following  account  of  these  coins  : 

"In  the  United  States,  Annapolis  has'the  honor  of  having  :urnished 
the  first  silver  money  for  small  change,  A  goldsmith  of '"this  place 
corns  on  his  own  account,  though  with  the  consent  of  thegover:,ment. 
After  the  depreciation  of  the  paper  money,  it  became  customary  and 
necessary,  throughout  America,  to  cut  the  Spanish  dollars,  in  two, 
four  and  more  pieces  for  change.  This  dividing  became  soon  a  pro- 
fitable business  in  the  liands  of  expert  cutters  who  knew  how  to  cut 
five  quarters,  or  nine  and  ten  eighths  out  of  a  round  dollar,  so  that 
shortly  every  one  refused  to  take  this  kind  of  mnnev  otlicrwise  tlian 


History  OF  Annapolis.  221 

by  weight  or  at  discretion.  To  get  over  this  embarrassment  the  said 
goldsmith  assists  in  getting  the  angular  pieces  out  of  circulation,  by 
taking  them  in  exchange,  with  a  considerable  advantage  to  himself, 
for  pieces  of  his  own  coinage."* 

[1783.]  At  Washington's  reception,  the  day  before  he  resigned  his 
commission,  Mr.  Maun  furnished  the  supper  at  the  State" House. 
Ninety-eight  bottles  of  wine,  two  and  a-half  gallons  of  spirits,  nine 
pounds  of  sugar,  a  lot  of  limes,  music  and  waiters,  and  a  dozen  packs  of 
cards  were  supplied,  and  the  Governor  directed  Col.  Mills  of  the  An- 
napojis  Coffee  House,  to  furnish  the  people  with  punch  and  grog  to 
the  value  of  £10  10s. 

[178o.]  The  festivities  of  the  day  that  celebrated  peace  between 
England  and  Auierica  were  substantial.  The  State  bought  that  day 
from  James  Makubbiu  a  hogshead  of  rum  (IIG  gallons  at  6s.  6d.  per 
gallon)  and  from  George  Mann,  49  gallons  of  claret,  S2  gallons  of  Ma- 
deria,  'So  port,  G  of  spirit.  It  also  purchased  lolb  of  loaf  sugar,  ITGlb 
of  bacon,  2841b  of  salt  beef,  52ft)  of  shoat,  12G11j  of  mutton,  27211j  of 
veal,  I88tb  of  beef,  7  lambs  and  12  fowls.  For  the  ball  that  closed 
the  day  there  were  8  gallons  of  wme,  4  of  spirits,  beef,  hams,  tongues, 
chickens,  turkeys,  tarts,  custards,  cheese-cakes,  502  loaves  of  bread, 
24  shillings  worth  of  cards,  and  a  box  of  candles.  The  State  had  to 
pay  Mr.  Mann  for  35  knives  and  29 'forks  lost,  and  28  plates,  43  wijie 
glasses,  1  dish,  Gl  broken  bottles — an  index  of  what  a  day  it  was. 

[1786.]  Noah  Webster,  the  lexicographer,  began  his  life-work  as 
an  itinerant  lecturer  on  the  English  language.!  This  was  in  1786,  in 
which  course  he  visited  the  principal  cities  of  America,  Annapolis 
being  one  of  the  places  in  which  he  lectured. 

In  1787,  William  Clark,  established  a  stage  route  between  Balti- 
more and  Annapolis.  The  coach  ran  three  times  a  week.  It  set  out 
from  Annapolis  every  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  precisely  at 
five  o'clock  in  the  morning.  On  tlie  return  it  started  from  Mr.  Wm. 
Evans  at  the  Golden  Bacchus,  the  corner  of  Calvert  and  Banks  streets, 
in  Baltimore,  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  precisely  at  five 
o'clock  ia  the  moi*ning.  Fare — loshillings,  way  passengers,  six-pence 
per  mile. 

December  6th.  a  lady,  whose  name  was  not  gi-ven,  delivered  a  lecture 
on  "Poetry"  in  the  Ball  Room. 

[1788.]  In  1788,  .Judge  Samuel  Chase,  removed  from  Annapolis  to 
Baltimore,  on  the  urgent  solicitation  of  Col.  Howard,  a  large  property- 
liolder,  who,  as  an  inducement  to  reside  in  Baltimore,  offered  Mr. 
Chase  one  full  square  for  city  building  lots,  if  he  would  make  Balti- 
more his  residence.  The  offer  was  accepted,  the  property  was  con- 
veyed to  him,  and  is  now  within  the  heart  of  the  city,  a  valuable  estate. 
It  remains  in  the  possession  of  the  descendants  of  Judge  Chase. 

While  on  a  visit  to  Baltimore,  towards  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  he  stopped,  from  curiosity,  in  a  debating  society,  where 
he  was  astonished  at  the  eloquence  of  a  young  man.  He  proved  to  be 
a  druggist's  clerk-  Judge  Chase  ascertained  the  young  man's  name, 
searched  him  out,  and  advised  him  to  study  law.  The  young  man 
disclosed  to  his  admirer  that  poverty  was  an  insurmountable  difficulty 
in  the  way.      Mr.  Chase  oifered  him  at  once  the  use  of  his  library  and 

«  Seharf's  History  ot  Md.  vol.  1.  ps.  178-179-lSO. 
T  Applelon's  EncyclopediH,  vol.  IS.  p.  53o. 


223  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

at  his  scat  table.  The  offer  was  accepted  with  sfratitude,  the  young 
man  pursued  a  course  of  legal  studies,  and,  on  his  admission  to  the 
bar,  passed  his  examination  with  marked  ability.  That  obscure  young 
dru"-  clerk  was  afterward  the  distinguished  William  Pinkney. 

[1788.]  The  (iazcni'  of  date  of  January  8lst,  publishes  a  list  of 
seventeen  vessels  that  had  arrived  at  Annapolis.  The  magnitude  and 
the  importance  of  the  commerce  of  this  port  are  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  one  vessel  was  from  each  of  the  following  places  : 

Barbadoes,  Limington,  Demarara,  Aux-Cays,  Amsterdam,  Dublin, 
St.  Croix,  Salem,  Belfast  Port-au-Prince,  Charleston,  St.  Bartho- 
lomews, Rhode  Island  and  Norfolk  ;  and  three  from  New  York. 

Nicholas  Carroll  and  Alexander  Contee  Hanson  were  elected  dele- 
gates to  represent  Annapolis  in  the  Convention  called  to  determine 
whether  Maryland  would  accfde  to  the  proposed  plan  of  a  Confederate 
Government  for  the  States.  The  Convention  met  at  Annapolis  Mon- 
day, April  21st,  and  on  the  following  Thursday  by  a  vote  of  03 
to"  11,  passed  a  resolution  that  "the  Convention  assent  to  and 
ratify  the  proposed  plan  of  federal  govei'nment  for  the  United 
States."  The  nays  on  this  important  question  form  an  interesting 
morsel  of  history.  They  were  .Jeremiah  T.  Chase,  John  T.  Mercer, 
Benjamin  Harrison,  Charles  Ridgely,  Charles  Ridgely ,  of  Wm. ,  Edward 
Cockey,  Nathan  Cromwell,  John  Love,  Willia-n  Pinkney,  and  Luther 
Martin. 

The  first  ballot  for  the  first  United  States  Senators  from  Maryland, 
took  place  at  Ainiapolis  on  December  !).  The  two  houses  met  in  joint 
session  and  it  required  a  majority  of  the  members  in  attendance  to 
elect.  There  were  thirteen  Senators  present  and  seventy  members  of 
the  House  of  Delegates.  Forty-two  votes  were  necessary  to  elect. 
On  the  first  ballot,  John  Henry  received  41  ;  George  Gale  41  ;  Ninah 
Forrest  41  ;  Charles  Carroll  40  :  The  second  ballot  resulted,  Henry 
43  ;  Gall  40  ;  Carroll  41  :  Forrest  41.  The  Assembly  then  adjourned 
until  Wednesday  the  10th.  On  this  day  the  first  ballot  resulted 
Charles  Carroll  43  ;  Ninah  Forrest  39. 

[1789.]  On  Tuesday,  the  13th,  of  October,  the  Jockey  Club  of  An- 
napolis had  its  fall  races.  The  forty  guinea  purse  was  w.  n  by  Mr.  Wm. 
Morgan's  black  horse  Shakespere.  The  foO  purse  by  Mr,  John  Lee 
Gibson's  bay  mare  Cub,  and  the  £30  stake  by  Mr.  Wm.  Campbell's 
bay  horse  Sloven. 

[1790.]  On  Monday,  February  11,  about  three  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon the  "Government  House,"  (the  Governor's  residence,)  was  set 
on  fire  by  a  defective  chimney.  The  citizens  promptly  repaired  to  it 
and  extinguished  the  fire  after  it  had  injured  the  second  story.  Messrs. 
Andrew  Brown,  Alex.  Thompson,  James  M'Faden,  Dennis  Dunning, 
John  Sullivan,  Patrick  Dunn,  Cornelius  Wesr,  Thomas  Clark  and 
Charles  Caton  displayed  judicious  zeal  in  repairing  to  the  roof  and 
cutting  a  hole  in  which  so  as  to  admit  the  free  passage  of  water  by  which 
the  fire  was  extinguished. 

The  same  day,  (old  style,)  was  celebrated  as  the  birthday  of 
General  Washington.  An  elegant  dinner  was  set  at  Mann's  Hotel, 
by  which  the  Governor,  citizens,  and  strangers  honored  the  illus- 
trious hero.  The  Gazette,  warms  with  the  "scene  and  says  "it  ex- 
hibited a  striking,  picture  of  social  and  elevated  joy.  The  name 
of  Washington  operated  like  a  charm  upon  the  minds  and  spirit 
of  the  whole  company.    Reverence,  gratitude,  and  love  were  depicted 


History  OF   Annapolis.  223 

on  every  face,  and  the  affections  of  the  lieart  were  ilisclosed  in 
all  the  exrernal  expressions  of  ardent  passions.  The  powers  of 
beauty  could  only  complete  this  joyful  festival.  And  these  were 
not  wanting,  for,  at  the  evening  assembly,  the  animating  presence  of 
the  ladies  gave  a  fresh  spur  to  the  feelings  of  tlieday.  ^'ioe  le  Presi- 
dent shone  in  the  countenance,  was  inscribed  in  the  dress,  and  en- 
graved on  the  heart  of  every  fair  attendant.  In  a  word  such  an  occa- 
sion alone  could  excite  feelings  so  general,  and  so  sincere."  After 
dinner  a  gentleman  favored  the  company  with  an  original  song,  de- 
picting the  birth  of  Washington  at  the  command  of  Jove. 

[1790.]  Henry  Ridgely,  of  Annapolis,  on  >J^ovember  9,  was  elected 
one  of  the  Governor's  Council. 

In  the  Maryland  Gazette\s  issue  of  November  11,  appeared  a  com- 
munication, signed  "A  Freeman,"  which  strongly  denounced  negro 
slavery. 

On  the  16th  of  November,  Daniel  of  St.  Thomas  .lenefer,  a  promi- 
nent citizen  of  Annapolis,  died  aged  07  years. 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrolton,  was  re-elected  Senator  of  the  United 
States. 

On  December  9,  a  communication  signed  "Citizen"  appeared  in  the 
Gazette  in  which  the  writer  wanted  the  firing  of  guns  in  the  streets 
on  Christmas  Day  broken  up.  The  practice,  however,  obtains  to  this 
day. 

[1792.]  On  Friday,  the  10th  of  February,  Governor  George  Plater 
died  in  Annapolis.  In  his  public  character  which  began  with 
his  earliest  manhood,  and  terminated  with  his  death,  he  was 
the  firm  advocate  of  the  rights  of  man,  and  was  distinguished 
by  warm  and  zealous  adherence  to  the  principles  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution.  In  private  life,  he  lived  an  honest  man  aiid  was 
above  suspicion  in  the  transactions  of  business.  "He  was  warm 
in  his  atfections  and  unbounded  in  his  philanthropy."  His  remains 
were  attended  the  next  day  by  the  honorable  members  of  the  council, 
the  officers  of  State,  and  a  numerous  company  of  citizens  to  South 
River,  on  the  way  to  Sotterly,  his  seat  in  St.  Mary's  county.  James 
Brice,  being  the  first  name  of  the  Governor's  Council,  became  Gover- 
nor. 

In  January,  179'>  the  Lodge  of  Antient  York  Ma«ons,  installed  at 
their  Lodge-room  in  the  city  of  Annapolis  in  due  foi-m,  by  authority  of 
Peregrine  Letherbury,  esq.,  grand-master  of  Maryland,  and  who  have 
entitled  themselves  the  Amanda  Lodge,  assembled  to  celebrate  St. 
John's  the  Evangelist,  A.  L.  5792,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Vachel  Stevens, 
where,  "with  Masonic  and  convivial  happiness,  whilst  decorum  and 
philanthropy  presided  at  their  meeting,  they  drank  the  following 
toasts  :" 

1.  Our  Sxtblime  brother,  the  president  of  the  United  States. 

2.  The  Day. 

3.  Our  grand-master  of  Maryland,  Peregrine  Letherbury,  Esq., 

4.  The  Amanda  Lodge. 

5.  The  P.  grand-master  of  Maryland,  .John  Coates,  Esq., 

6.  Our  Masonic  brethern. 

7.  The  United  States. 

8.  The  Secretai'y  of  State. 

9.  The  Governor  of  Maryland. 
10.  The  Chancellor  of  Mainland . 


00.1  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

11.  Tlie  Chief  Judge  of  Maryland. 

12.  Col.  Francis  Mercer. 

1,3.  The  National  Assembly  of  France. 
On  Februarv  22nd.  one  of  the  Annapolis  packets  on  its  war  to  lial- 
tiraore.  uiiset  oif  Masothy  river,  and  the  following  persons  from  An- 
napolis were  drowned  :  Mr.  Thomas  Pryfe,  saddler  ;  Mr.  John  Ross, 
Mr  .lohn  Hammond,  Mr.  Benjamin  Buckland,  cabinet-makers  :  Mr. 
Thomas  Carstin.  and  Mr.  Wm.  Lockerman,  owners  of  the  vessel :  and 
Mr.  James  Denning,  Mr.  Thomas  CoaLo  of  GreensV)ury's  Point,  and  a 
colored  boy  were  also  drowned.  There  were  ten  persons  on  tlie  ves- 
sel and  nine  were  drowned. 

On  February  24th,  Thomas  Dance,  a  plasterer  of  Annapolis,  whilst 
at  work  on  the  inside  of  the  dome  of  the  "Stadt-honse,"  made  a  false 
step,  and  fell  to  the  floor.     He  died  in  a  few  hours. 

July  31st.  The  Mnse's  flame  was  lit  by  adorers  to  Inirn  incense  to 
their  'idols  in  ancient  Annapolis  as  well  as  in  the  modern  day-.     In 
the  Gazette  of  July  31st,  appears  the  following  acrostic  : 
"Skilled  in  science,  formed  witlioutart  to  please. 
As  bright  as  glory,  yet  as  mill  as  ease, 
Refined  in  politeness,  as  in  carriage  nice, 
Altho's  she's  fair,  she's  diffident  tho's  wise, 
Her  brilliant  eyes  a  hermit  would  entice. 
Merry,  tho'  not  light :  against  flattery  a  test, 
Unknown   to  intrigue,  of  female  fair  the  best. 
Range  from  the  Northern  to  the  Southern  pole 
Retrace  your  footsteps,  e'en  pervade  the  whole. 
And  view  the  beauties  of  each  various  clime 
You'll  see  none  so  fair,  as  ray  nymph  divine  !'' 
[1795.]  There  lived  at  Annapohs  at  this  period,  one  William  Caton, 
■a  hair-dresser  and  barber,  whose  chief  claim   to  renown  is  that  he 
shaved  General  Washington.     Caton  was  an  unctions  tradesman,  and 
when  he  opened  a  grocery  and   dry-goods  store,  he  closed  his  adver-     * 
tisement  with  : 

"The  said  Caton,  actuated  by  a  due  regard  to  the  sacred  principles   ^j 
of  gratitude,  tenders  his  grateful  thanks  for  that  liberal  patronage   ^* 
which  a  generous  and  indulgent  public  has  offered  him,  and  he  flatters 
himself,  that,  while  his  mind  is  animated  by  a  lively  sense  of  preced- 
ing favors,  his  future  conduct  will  entitle  him  to  the  claims  of  universal 
approbation." 

[1800.]  On  Sunday,  Januaiy  28th,  the  Almshouse,  a  large  and 
commodious  buildii.g,  near  Annapolis,  burned  down.  None  of  the 
inmates  were  injured. 

Saturday,  the  22d  of  February,  by  proclamation  of  the  Governor, 
observed  at  Annapolis,  "as  a  day  of  mourning,  humiliation  and 
prayer,"  in  respect  to  the  memory  oi'  Gen.  Washington.  The  officials 
of  State,  City  and  College,  the  military  and  citizens,  attended  church 
in  a  body.  Rev.  Mr.  Higinbotbem  preached  in  the  morning  and  Rev. 
Mr.  Roberts  in  the  afternoon. 

The  text  in  the  morning  was  "It  is  appointed  for  all  men  once  to 
die."  In  the  afternoon,  "Know  ye  not  that  there  is  a  Prince  and  a 
Great  Man  fallen  this  day  in  Israel." 

Act  75,  of  the  session  of  1880,  was  a  supplemental  Act  to  an  Act 
to  lay  out  and  establish  a  road  from  the  city  of  Annapolis  to  the  city 
■  of  Washington,  and  to  repeal  the  Act  therein  mentioned. 


History  of   Annapolis.  325 

[1801 .  ]  In  October,  Allen  Quynn  and  Richard  Kidgely  were  elected 
to  represent  Annapolis  in  the  Legislature. 

In  December  of  this  year  the  proprietor  of  the  Gazette  had  to  de- 
fend himself  against  sla'.ulerous  reports  circulated  about  the  partiality 
of  his  charges  to  some  of  his  Federal  friends,  whilst  he  made  his  de- 
mands very  heavy  upon  the  Republicans  who  brought  him  printing. 
Mr.  Green  was  thoroughly  vindicated  by  the  Republicans  who  were 
charged  to  have  suffered. 

[1802.]  Act  104,  of  the  Acts  of  1803,  was  an  Act  to  vest  the  funds 
heretofore  belonging  to  the  Rector,  Governor,  Trustees,  and  Visitors 
of  King  William  School,  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  in  the  Visitors  and 
Governors  of  St  John's  College. 

Allen  Quynn  and  Richard  Ridgely  were  elected  Delegates  to  the 
Maryland  Legislature  from  Annapolis.  > 

[1803.]  On  Saturday,  September  15th,  thei'e  was  given  a  dinner  at 
Mrs.  Urquhart's  spring  where  a  discussion  of  politics  followed  by  can- 
didates for  the  Legislature.  This  is  the  first  notice  found  of  the 
present  barbecue. 

On  the  8th  of  November,  1803,  Allen  Quynn  died  at  the  ripe  age  of 
77  years.  He  had  been  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  for 
35  years,  and  it  is  not  out  of  place,  to  presume  that  his  age  was  the 
cause  of  his  retirement  from  service  in  the  General  Assembly. 

[1804.]  In  the  Gazette  of  February  16th,  a  writer  who  signed  him- 
self Juvenus,  and  who  declared  lie  desired  to  imitate  Addison  and 
Steele  in  correcting  the  foil)les  of  his  fellow-citizens,  took  up  the  cus- 
tom of  whittling,  Avhich  he  condemned  as  a  destruction  of  property 
prevalent  in  Annapolis. 

On  the  Frigate  Philadelphia,  which  was  captured  in  the  Tripolitan 
harbor,  October  31st,  by  the  Tripolitans,  Dr.  John  Ridgely,  of  An- 
napolis, was  surgeon.  Dr.  Ridgely  was  taken  with  sixty-three 
other  Americans  to  prison  in  Tripoli.  V/hilst  there,  he  was  sent  for 
by  the  Governor  to  attend  his  sick  daughter.  On  the  convalescence  of 
the  patient,  the  Governor  graciously  offered  his  daughter  in  marriage 
to  the  young  American.  This  honor,  having  an  affianced  at  home,  he 
had  to  decline.  The  Governor  then  offered  the  Surgeon  the  freedom 
of  the  city.  This  the  gallant  doctor  refused  unless  his  companions 
were  also  allowed  their  liberty.  When  Dr.  Ridgely  returned  to  An- 
napolis, he  brought  with  him  a  fine  white  Arabian  horse  and  other 
valuable  gifts  which  Jiad  been  presented  to  him  by  the  grateful  Gov- 
ernor.* 

In  August  the  articles  of  association  to  establish  the  Farmers'  Bank 
of  Annapolis  were  first  printed.  The  Bank  contemplated  fifteen 
directors  and  a  president.  The  solicitors  for  subscription  to  the  capital 
stock  at  Annapolis  were  John  Gibson,  James  Williams,  John  Muir, 
Robert  Denny,  Lewis  Duvall,  and  William  Alexander,  and  books  were 
opened  in  every  county  in  the  State.  The  plan  contemplated  a  pow- 
erful Maryland ^rtro/e  banking  institution. 

In  Mayi^  1805,  the  Act  of  Assembly  to  incorporate  the  Farmers'  Bank 
of  Maryland  was  passed.  There  were  an  Annapolis  subscription  com- 
mittee and  an  Easton  committee.  Thomas  J.  Bullitt,  John  Leeds  Kcer, 
Hall  Harrison,  Bennett  Wheeler,  Joseph  Haskins,  Wm.  Mealing,  James 

•Related  to  me  ny  his  niece  Mrs.  Kiiza  Bonsall,  then,  1880,  in  her  Si'nd 
year. 

15 


226  *'Thk  Ancient  City.'' 

Earle,  Jr.,  constituted  the  executive  body  to  organize  the  bank.  The 
books  were  opened  July  16th,  and  in  two  days  1690  shares  of  the  two 
thousand  alloted  to  Annapolis  were  subscribed.  On  August  15th, 
the  election  for  directors  to  the  bank  took  place.  The  following  were 
elected  directors :  John  Gibson,  Arthur  Shaaff,  John  F.  Mercer, 
Richard  H.  Harwood,  James  Maccubin,  Horatio  Ridout,  William 
Stewart,  Louis  Duvall,  for  Annapolis  and  Anne  Arundel  County ; 
William  Wilkerson,  for  Calvert  County  ;  Robert  Bowie,  for  Prince 
George's  County ;  Henry  H.  Chapman,  for  Charles  County ;  Wm. 
Somerville,  for  St.  Mary's  County ;  Thomas  Davis,  for  Montgomery 
County ;  John  Tyler,  for  Frederick  County  ;  Lusby  Tilghman,  for 
Washington  County ;  James  J.  Wilkerson,  for  Baltimore  County ; 
Benedict  E.  Hall,  for  Harford  County  ;  Upton  Brioe,  for  Allegany 
County.  The  directors  elected  John  Muir,  of  Annapolis,  president 
of  the  bank.  The  bank  at  Easton  was  organized  at  the  same  time, 
directors  elected,  and  Nicholas  Hammond  made  president. 

At  the  Annapolis  Theatre,  in  August,  1805,  Alfonso,  King  of  Castile, 
Love-a-La-Mode,  or  the  Humors  of  the  Turf,  were  played,  also  Hearts 
of  Oak  and  Raising  the  Wind,  the  Cure  for  the  Heart-Ache,  with  the 
Tale  of  Mystery  were  played. 

At  the  election  October  4th,  for  two  Members  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates for  Annapolis,  the  following  was  the  vote  :  John  Muir,  188 
votes  ;  Arthur  Shaff,  171  ;  Thomas  Jennings,  70. 

October  5th,  General  John  Hoskins  Stone  was  buried  at  Annapolis 
with  military  honors.  Among  the  participants  were  officers  of  the 
Revolutionary  Army  and  members  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati. 

[1804.]  May  3rd,  the  Gazette  adopted  the  present  style  of  editorial 
sub-head. 

This  year  a  lottery  was  inaugurated  to  raise  money  to  improve  the 
streets  of  Annapolis,  to  purchase  "a  large  and  forcible  fire-engine, 
and  to  deepen  the  basin." 

As  a  matter  of  local  interest  the  names  of  the  managers  are  ap- 
pended :  James  Williams,  Absalom  Ridgely,  Wm.  Alexandria,  John 
Barber,  Joseph  Sands,  Lewis  Neth,  Jonathan  Pinkuey,  John  Shaw, 
Frederick  Green,  Frederick  Grammer,  John  Muir,  William  Caton. 

[1807.]  Nicholas  Brewer  was  appointed  Register  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  in  May. 

On  the  29th  of  June,  a  pubUc  meeting  was  held  in  Annapolis,  at 
which  resolutions  were  passed  denouncing  the  attack  of  the  British 
Frigate  Leopard,  upon  the  U.  S.  Ship  Chesapeake,  on  the  32nd  of  June, 
off  Norfolk,  and  promising  to  "support  such  measures  as  should  be 
adopted  by  the  Government."  The  participants  refused  also  to  have 
any  intercourse  with  British  vessels  and  appointed  the  following  com- 
mittee to  carry  out  the  resolutions :  Governor  Robert  Wright,  John 
T.  Shaff,  Jeremiah  T.  Chase,  Reverdy  Gheselin,  Wm.  Kilty,  John 
Gassaway,  Nicholas  Carroll,  Richard  H.  Harwood,  John  Muir,  Lewis 
Duvall,  Burton  Whetcroft,  and  Nicholas  Brewer. 

On  the  4th  of  July  following,  the  city  celebrated  the  day  in  an 
unusually  animated  manner.  The  tenth  toast  drank  was :  "The 
memory  of  our  unfortunate  citizens  who  fell  in  the  late  wanton  and 
dastardly  attack  on  the  Chesapeake— may  their  brother  tars  be  readr 
to  avenge  it." 

On  the  26th  of  August,  1807,  information  was  received  at  Annapolis 
that  a  piracy  had  been  committed  in  the  Chesapeake,  30  miles  below 


History  OF  Annapolis.  237 

the  city,  by  a  French  pirate,  in  the  capture  of  the  ship  Othello,  Cap- 
tain Glover,  bound  to  Baltimore. 

The  "Holy-Hawk,"  packet,  with  two  brass  four-pounders,  under  com- 
mand of  Captain  Muir  of  the  artillery,  and  Captain  Duvall  of  the  in- 
fantry, with  a  detachment  of  their  respective  companies,  armed  with 
muskets  and  boarding  pikes,  accompanied  by  a  boat  from  the  'L'Eole,' 
(then  lying  in  our  harbor,)  with  thirty-three  volunteers,  French  and 
American  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Mann,  of  the  United 
States  Xavy,  and  an  officer  of  the  'L'Eole,'  sailed  in  pursuit  of  the 
pirate.  They  proceeded  some  distance  down  the  bay,  but  returned 
without  encountermg  the  bold  buccanneer.  Captain  Samuel  and  John 
Sterrett,  in  conjunction  with  Captain  Porter,  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  were  more  successful,  and  the  pirate  was  captured  and  taken  to 
Baltimore.  Five  of  the  crew,  who  had  passed  through  Annapolis, 
were  captured  by  our  citizens  a  short  distance  from  town.  These 
were  also  taken  to  Baltimore.  Such  was  the  pitch  of  popular  excite- 
ment over  this  affair  that  a  high  official  gravely  informed  the  captors 
of  these  five  unarmed  Frenchmen  "that  they  deserved  well  of  their 
country." 

[1808.]  Congressman  Van  Horn,  on  the  12th  of  January,  presented 
a  memorial  from  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  Common  Council,  and  citizens 
of  Anna[)olis,  urging  the  great  importance  of  the  place  to  the  trade 
of  the  Chesapeake,  and  praying  Congress  to  take  measures  to  have 
suitable  fortifications  erected  there.  The  petition  was  referred  to  the 
Secretary  of  War.  In  March,  proposals  were  advertised  for  the  pur- 
chase of  100.000  good  bricks,  200  tons  of  good  foundation  stone,  and 
2,000  bushels  of  good  shell  lime  for  the  fortification  of  Annapolis. 

The  advertisement  was  signed   by  John  Randall. 

The  Annapolis  United  Guards  were  at  this  time  perfecting  themselves 
in  the  military  art. 

The  First  Volunteer  Company  also  drilled  at  this  period. 

On  Monday,  the  3rd  of  October,  the  city  election  for  two  delegates 
to  the  Legislature  took  place.  It  resulted,  John  Muir,  162  ;  James 
Boyle.  138  ;  A.  C.  Magruder,  111. 

[1809.]  In  May,  counterfeits  on  the  Farmers' Bank  appeared.  They 
were  Si  notes  clumsily  altered  into  $10. 

[1810.]  On  the  oOth  of  August,  John  Muir,  president  of  the  Farmers' 
Bank,  died  in  the  60th  year  of  his  age.  He  was  a  native  of  Scotland 
but  came  to  America  when  quite  young.  He  was  a  warm  advocate  of 
American  Independence,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolution. 
He  represented  Annapolis  six  years  in  the  Legislature.  He  enjoyed  a 
high  reputation  for  charity,  patriotism,  and  particularly  for  devotion 
to  the  interests  of  Annapolis. 

Mr.  Absalom  Riigely,  an  Annapolis  merchant  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  appears  to  have  been  a  public-spirited  citizen.  The  follow- 
ing is  extracted  from  the  Annapolis  Council  proceedings  of  the  10th  of 
May,  1788 : 

"The  committee,  appointed  to  report  on  the  petition  of  Absalom 
Ridgely,  made  the  following  report,  viz  : 

"We,  your  committee,  appointed  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the 
situation  of  Prince  George's  street,  adjoining  Mr.  Ridgely's,  do  report, 
that  the  filling  up  and  completing  the  said  street,  will  be  both  useful 
and  necessary  and  beg  leave  to  recommend  an  acceptance  of  the  terms 


238  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

for  filling  up  and  coinpleating  the  work  of  said  street  oflt'ered  by  Mr.- 
Ridgely,  which  we  have  herewith  transmitted  for  your  consideration 
and  approbation. 

''Mr.  Aljsaloin  Ridgely's  p7-oposition  : 

"To  the  worshipful  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen,  and  Common 
Councilmen  of  the  City  of  Annapolis.  The  proposal  of  Absalom 
Ridgely,  to  fill  the  public  wharf  at  the  end  of  Prince  George's  street, 
as  far  as  the  logs  that  are  now  down. 

"Your  proposer  will  undertake  at  hi^  o\vti  immediate  expense  to  fill 
in  the  wharf  aforesaid,  in  any  manner  that  shall  be  directed,  by  the 
corporation  or  a  committee  thereof,  will  engage  laborers  for  that 
purpose  upon  the  most  reasonable  terms  they  can  be  procured  for  ready 
money.  Will  deepen  the  water  in  front  as  much  as  possible  l)y  throw- 
ing the  mud  at  low  tides  within  the  logs.  Will  superintend  the  work 
himself  without  any  compensation,  that  it  may  done  as  expeditiously 
as  possible,  and  will  wait  for  reimljursements  of  the  expence  in  which 
he  means  to  include  the  cost  of  the  wharf  logs,  until  it  willanijily  suit 
the  conveniency  of  the  corporation  to  repay  it  without  interest.  Or 
if  the  corporation  would  rather  choose  to  employ  persons  themselves 
for  the  above  purposes,  he  will  advance  the  money  and  wait  for  the 
return  of  it  as  afoi-esaid. 

"The  corporation,  taking  :,he  same  into  consideration,  do  accept  the 
first  proposal  of  Mr.  Al isalom  Ridgely. ' ' 


CHAPTER  XLYI. 

The  x^xcient  Regime  Disappears. 

[1790.]  Annapolis  began  to  slough  its  distinctive  features  asa  town 
of  the  colonial  regime  soon  after  the  close  of  the  revolution,  though 
traces  of  these  earlier  customs  remained  until  near  the  middle  of  the 
present  century.  One  of  the  attempts  of  the  friends  of  the  capital  to  ad- 
vance Its  importance  was  the  establishment  of  it--  Court  of  Hustings. 
It  excited  at  the  time,  1708,  the  envy  of  the  Anne  Arundel  officials 
and  a  compromise  of  duties,  no  doubt  born  of  a  struggle  for  fees  had 
1°;'^  ^^^^  between  the  city's  and  county's  sheriff  and  other  officers, 
before  the  right  was  given  the  Mayor  to  hold  a  court. 

The  duties  of  this  court  are  indicated  by  a  leaf  from  its  docket  :* 

"At  a  ineeting  of  the  Mayor's  Court  on  Tuesday,  the  3Gth  day  of 
January,  1/90.  •' 

Were  Present  : 
"Xicholas  Carroll,  Esq.,  Mayor. 
"Allen  Quynn,      ^ 

"Robert  Conden,    I   Esqrs.,  Aldermen. 
••John  Bullen,        j 
*  -Minute  Book  of  ti.e  Mtiyor's  Court,  .vISS.   p.  25. 


History  of   Annapolis.  229 

"Mr.  George  Jennings  is  admitted  an  Attorney  of   this  Court,  and 
qualifies  as  sucli  in  the  usual  manner. 
"The  Court  adjourns  till  3  o'clock. 
"Post  Meridien,  the  Court  met. 

Present  : 
"Nicholas  Carroll,  Esq.,  Mayor. 
"Allen  Quynn,       ^ 

"James  Briee,        >   Esqrs.,  Aldermen. 
"Robert  Conden,   J 
"The  Sheriff  makes  return  of  his  pannel  of  Jurors,  out  of  which,  the 
Court  appoint  the  following  as  Grand  Jurors,  to  wit : 

"Beriah  Ma ybury,  Foreman,  "Thomas  Simpson, 

"Josejih  Clark,  "John  Long, 

"Henry  Whetcroft,  "Joseph  Howies, 

"William  Middleton,  "Gilbert  Middleton, 

"Thomas  Dalziell,  "Alexander  Thompson, 

"Josej)h  Burneston,  .       "William  Wells, 

"Richard  Frazicr,  "George  Johnson, 

"John  Hannah, 

"John  Hyde— Bailiff. 
"Who,  being  sworn  and  charged,  retire  to  their  chamber  and  after- 
wards return  and  present  to  the  court  the  following  presentments,  to 
wit: 

"Richard  Thompson,  Jr.,  for  an  assault  on  free  negro  Tom  ;  same, 
for  an  assault  on  Wm.  Williams  ;  John  Keith,  lor  an  assault  on  free 
negro  Ton;  ;  James  Reid,  for  an  assault  on  Wm.  II.  McPhergon  :  Charles 
Beard,  for  firing  a  gun  in  the  street  ;  Henry  Sypolls,  for  same  ;  negro 
Tom,  slave  to  Mr.  James  Williams,  for  an  assault  on  Wm.  Caton ; 
Charles  Faris,  for  an  assault  on  Jonathan  Pinkney,  of  Robert  :  John 
W'^iseham,  for  suffering  his  chimney  to  blaze  out  at  the  top  :  Thomas 
Brewer,  for  an  assault  on  negro  Tom  ;  Benjamin  Fairbain,  for  dealing 
with  a  slave  ;  James  Murray,  for  chimney  blazing  out  at  the  top; 
Arehd.  Golder,  for  an  assault  on  Wm.  Grant  ;  George  Tumblert,  for 
same  on  John  Tootell ;  Samuel  Hutton,  for  chimney  blazing  out  at 
the  top  ;  Richard  Thompson,  Jr.,  and  John  Keith,  for  entering  the 
dwelling  house  of  Mrs.  Susannah  Brewer,  in  a  notions  and  disorderly 
manner ;  Benjamin  Fairbain,  for  an  assault  on  Richard  Fleming  ; 
John  Gutroy,  for  same  on  Wm.  Eoss;  Thomas  Adams,  for  selling 
liquor  without  licence  ;  Richard  Jones,  for  same  at  four  different  times  ; 
John  Rea.  for  harboring  slaves  ;  William  Alexander,  for  an  assault  on 
Elizabeth  McMechen  ;  same,  for  a  riot ;  John  Rea,  for  selling  liquor 
under  a  i^int — three  different  times  ;  same,  for  harbouring  negro 
Moses ;  same,  for  selling  liquor  and  suffering  it  to  be  drank  in  his 
house  ;  Sampson  Salmon,  for  suffering  his  hogs  to  go  at  laige  ;  Daniel 
Fowler,  2,  for  same  ;  Roljert  Tysalel,  for  same  ;  Wm.  Alexander,  for 
dealing  with  negro  Ruth  ;  John  Brice,  of  Robert,  for  procuring  liquor 
for  negro  Ruth  ;  William  Ross,  for  an  assault  on  Robei't  Gutroy  ; 
John  Gutroy,  for  an  assault  on  John  Hyde  ;  James  Carroll,  for  chim- 
ney blazing  out  at  the  top  ;  negro  Ruth,  for  keeping  a  disorderly 
house  ;  Thomas  Adams,  for  same  ;  Thomas  Jennings,  for  leaving  his 
well  open  ;  John'Keith,  for  an  assault  on  negro  James  ;  Allen  Quynn, 
Jr.,  for  same  on  Matthew  Truine  ;  Jane  Thompson,  for  keeping  a  dis- 
orderly house,  &c." 


230  <'The  Ancient   City." 

By  chapter  194,  passed  February  13th,  1819,  the  charter  of  Annapo- 
lis was  altered  so  as  to  give  the  electors,  qualified  to  vote  for  delegates 
to  the  General  Assembly,  the  right  to  elect  the  Mayor,  Recorder,  five 
Aldermen  and  seven  Common  Councilmen. 

The  Board  was  to  be  elected  every  third  year  on  the  first  Monday  in 
October.  By  this  act  the  city's  right  to  hold  a  "Court  of  Hustings," 
was  anulled. 


CHAPTER  XL VII. 

William  Pinkney  Banquetted  ix  Annapolis. 

[1804.]  The  Gazette  of  November,  29,  1804,  says  : 
•'On  Wednesday,  the  31st  instant,  the  Honourable  William  Pink- 
ney, Esquire,  who  has  lately  returned  from  a  long  residence  in  Eng- 
land, under  a  public  appointment  from  the  United  States,  and  recently 
vmder  a  special  appointment  also  from  the  State  of  Maryland,  arrived 
in  this  city,  and  was  immediately  waited  upon  at  Caton's  tavern  by  a 
large  concourse  of  respectaVjle  citizens,  members  of  the  legislature, 
&c.,  whose  looks,  still  more  than  their  declarations  evinced  the  satis- 
faction felt  at  the  safe  return  of  th's  distinguished  and  highly  accom- 
plished gentleman.  Among  others  the  persons  whose  names  are  sub- 
scribed thereto  waited  on  Mr.  Pinkney,  and  presented  him  with  the 
following  note  : 

"To  the  Honourable  William  Pinkney,  Esquire. 

Annapolis,  November  21,  1804. 
"Sir  : — We  are  deputed  by  a  number  of  your  old  friends  and  fellow- 
citizens  of  Annapolis,  to  congratulate  you  on  your  safe  arrival  in  this 
country,  and  to  express  the  pleasure  they  feel  at  your  apfiearance  in 
this  your  native  city.  We  are  desired  also  to  declare  their  impressions 
in  regard  to  the  honourable  manner  in  which  you  are  understood  to 
have  fulfilled  the  objects  of  your  late  mission  to  Europe,  and  the  ser- 
vice which  you  have  incidentally  been  enabled  to  render  to  the  State 
of  Maryland  in  the  successful  termination  of  an  affair  of  great  impor- 
tance to  its  rights  and  interests.  Those  impressions  we  are  autliorised 
to  say  are  as  gratifying  to  the  pride  of  your  fellow-citizens  as  they  are 
respectful  and  affectionate  towards  yourself .  We  are  further  deputed. 
Sir,  to  request  that  you  will  give  your  friends  an  opportunity  of  per- 
sonally welcoming  you  to  Annapolis,  l)y  favouring  them  with  your 
company  at  a  pubhc  dinner  at  Mr.  Caton's  tavern  on  Friday  next,  at 
three  o'clock. 

"Desiring  to  be  considered  as  sharing  most  cordially  in  the  sentiments 
here  expressed,  we  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  great  esteem.  Sir, 
Your  obedient  servants, 
John  Kilty,  John  Gassaway, 

John  Davidson,  John  Muir, 

Burton  Whetcroft,  Samuel  H.  Howard. 


■I 


History  OP   Annapolis.  231 

"To  which  Mr.  Pinkney,  on  the  next  day,  (having  in  the  interim 
signified  verbally  his  acceptance  of  the  invitation,)  returned  the  fol- 
lowing answer : 

Annapolis,  November  33,  1804. 

"Gentlemen: — I  have  read  with  peculiar  sensibility  the  kind  and 
flattering  testimonial  of  approbation  and  esteem  which  you  have  done 
me  the  honour  to  deliver  to  me  on  the  part  of  my  fellow-citizens  of 
Annapolis.  After  an  absence  of  more  than  eight  years  from  my 
country  to  meet  with  such  a  reception  from  the  inhabitants  of  my 
native  city,  to  which  in  every  vicissitude  of  life  and  fortune  I  have 
always  felt,  and  shall  continue  to  feel,  the  most  lively  attachment, 
is  more  grateful  to  my  heart  than  I  am  able  to  express. 

"I  beg  you,  gentlemen,  to  accept,  with  my  best  wishes  for  the  future 
prosperity  of  this  city,  my  sincere  acknowledgments  for  the  terms  in 
which  you  have  been  so  good  as  to  convey  its  sense  of  my  public  con- 
duct during  my  residence  abroad.  I  shall  take  great  pleasure  in 
availing  myself  of  your  polite  invitation. 

"I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  unfeigned  respect  and  regard.  Gen- 
tlemen, 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

WILLIAM  PINKNEY. 
John    Kilty,    John    Davidson,    Burton 

Whetcroft,  John  (rassaioay .John  Iluir, 

Samuel  Harvey  Howard,  EsqWs. 

"The  following  card  of  invitation  was,  on  the  same  day,  presented 
to  the  President  of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates, and  communicated  by  them  (from  the  chair)  to  the  members 
of  their  respective  houses  : 

Annapolis,  November  31,  1804. 

"Sir  : — A  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis,  desirous  of  giv- 
ing to  their  fellow-citizen,  William  Pinkney,  Esquire,  who  has  lately 
returned  to  this  country  from  the  successful  discharge  of  important 
public  functions  in  Europe,  a  testimony  of  the  satisfaction  they  feel 
at  his  arrival  among  them,  and  of  the  high  esteem  they  entertain  for 
his  character,  have  deputed  us  to  request  his  presence  at  a  dinner  to 
be  given  for  that  purpose  at  Mr.  Caton's  tavern  on  Friday  next  :  this 
invitation  having  been  accepted  by  Mr.  Pinkney,  we  obey  with  pleasure 
a  further  injunction  by  requesting.  Sir,  to  be  favoured  at  the  said 
public  dinner  with  your  company  and  that  of  the  members  of  the 
Honourable  House  in  which  you  preside. 

With  great  respect,  we  have  the  honour  to  be.  Sir, 
Your  most  obedient  servants. 
[Signed  as  before.] 

"Agreeably  to  this  arrangement  a  great  number  of  the  citizens, 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  generally,  with  the  -Tudges  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals,  several  other  gentlemen  ol'  distinction  who  had  also 
been  invited,  and  the  Honourable  Mr.  Pinkney,  assemViled  on  Friday 
at  Mr.  Caton's  tavern,  and  partook  of  an  elegant  dinner,  at  which 
the  utmost  degree  of  conviviality  and  harmony  i)revailed.  After  din- 
ner the  following  toasts  were  given  alternately  by  the  Honourable 


333  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

Mr.  Harwood  of  the  council,  who  (iu  the  unavoiaable  absence  of  the 
Excellency  the  Governor)  presided  and  Nicholas  Carroll,  Esquire,  who 
.acted  as  vice-president. 

1.  The  people  of  the  United  States. 

2.  The  President  of  the  United  States. 

3.  The  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

4.  The  memory  of  General  Washington. 

5.  The  ever  memorable  day  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

6.  The  memory  of  Benjamin  Franklin  and  other  departed  States- 

men of  America. 

7.  The  memory  of  Warren,  Montgomery,  Mercer,  and  other  de- 

parted soldier«  of  America. 

8.  The  late  revolutionary  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States. 

9.  The  heads    of   departments  in  the  government  of    the  United 

States. 

10.  The  militia  of  America. 

11.  The  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States. 

12.  A  speedy  enlargement  to  our  countrymen  in  captivity. 

13.  The  State  of  Maryland. 

14.  Agriculture,  commerce,  and  manufactures. 

15.  Peace,  union,  and  public  confidence. 

16.  The  cause  of  freedom  throughout  the  world. 

17.  Tlie  American  fair. 

After  Mr.  Pinkney  had  retired,  by  Mr.  Montgomery  of  the  House 
of  Delegates, 

"William  Pinkney,  Esquire,  the  successful  agent  for  the  recovery 
of  the  bank  stock  belonging  to  the  State  of  Maryland  in  the  British 
funds." 

"On  Saturday'  the  following  resolution  being  iiropounded  to  the 
House  of  Delegates  was  read  and  concurred  with  : 

'•Jiesohed.  That  Mr.  Stephen  and  Mr.  Montgomery  be  a  committee 
to  wait  on  Mr.  Pinkney  to  present  liim  with  the  com|(linients  of  this 
house,  and  to  congratulate  him  on  his  safe  return  to  liis  native  coun- 
try, and  to  inform  Mr.  Piiikney,  that  the  House  of  Delegates  will  re- 
ceive any  further  communications  or  elucidations  which  he  may  be 
pleased  to  make  to  them  in  person  relative  to  the  affairs  of  the  bank 
stock,  for  the  recovery  of  which  the  State  of  Maryland  is  so  much  in- 
debted to  his  personal  attention  and  exertions. 

"Mr.  Pinkney,  having  received  the  aforegoing  communication  by 
the  gentlemen  named  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  same,  imme- 
diately attended  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  being  conducted  to  a 
chair  withhi  the  bar,  gave,  with  his  acciistomed  jjrecision  and  ele- 
gance, the  elucidations  required  relative  to  the  recovery  and  transfer 
of  the  bank  stock,  on  the  subject  of  which  hi.s  lengthy'and  able  com- 
munications, comprehending  his  correspondence  with  the  ministers 
and  law  officers  of  the  British  government,  and  witli  the  American 
Secretary  of  State,  had  already  been  read  in  both  Houses  of  the  Leg- 
islature with  every  mark  of  interest  and  approbation.  After  receiv- 
ing such  private  civilities  as  the  shortness  of  his  stay  would  permit, 
Mr.  Pinkney  left  Annapolis  on  Tuesday  morning,  intending,  it  is  sup- 
posed, to  visit  the  seat  of  the  general  government,  wliere  it  is  not 
doubted, his  reception  will  be  such  as  is  due  to  acknowledged  merit, 
highly  cultivated  talents,  and  faithful  public  service." 


History  of  Annapolis.  233 

CHAPTER  XL VIII. 

Anxai'olis  During  the  Wae  of  1812. 

The  period  of  the  war  of  1812  was  one  of  alarm,  dissension,  and  ex- 
-citeraent  in  Annapolis.  Two  parties  were  arrayed  aijainst  each  other 
with  all  the  bitterness  born  of  political  strife,  intensified  by  the  clash 
of  arms  before  their  very  doors. 

The  Federalists  of  Maryland  were  sympathizers  with  England  in  the 
war  and  bitter  opponents  of  the  policy  of  the  administration.  The  re- 
publicans, or  democrats,  were  intense  haters  of  every  thing  British  and 
-firm  and  loyal  supporters  of  Congress  and  the  President  in  the  prose- 
cution of  the  war. 

Peace  meetings  were  held  in  the  county,  Peace  tickets  voted  for  at 
•elections,  and  the  Gazetta,  the  organ  ol  the  Federalists,  rang  with 
bitter  denunciations  of  the  President,  the  results  of  tlie  war.  and  the 
republican  party  generally.  The  Maryland  Republican,  a  democratic 
paper,  had  been  estalilished  a  few  years  before  the  war.  It  was  edited 
by  Jehu  Chandler,  and  it  proved  a  brave  and  merciless  advocate  of  its 
principles.  The  editor  was  rewarded  for  his  zeal  in  the  end  I)y  an 
office  at  Washington  and  a  knock-down  at  Annapolis. 

The  free  and  fearless  utterances  of  the  (razefte  against  the 
wai-  and  the  administration  shows  that  a  high  appreciation  of  the 
princi[)les  of  liberty  animated  the  people  of  the  Republic  in  the  early 
days  of  its  history. 

On  .luly  39,  1813,  the  Gazette  in  an  editorial  declared  : 

'•Mr.  Madison  may  well  call  this  "a  season  of  trial  and  calamity" 
for  never,  since  the  struggle  which  united  these  states  into  a  repub- 
lican government,  did  the  citizens  of  this  country  witness  such  a 
scene  of  difficulties  as  now  stare  them  in  the  face,  and  threaten  a 
subversion  of  their  lil)erties.  Whence  d6  their  difficulties  arise,  and 
who  have  been  their  authors  ?  From  the  imprudenceof  our  own  rulers 
they  may  be  easily  traced,  notwithstanding  all  the  arts  made  use  of  to 
cloak  their  designs.  Could  it  for  a  moment  be  supposed,  that  this 
state  of  thhig  proceeded  from  measures  which  were  unavoidable,  there 
would  then  be  some  consolation  for  all  of  our  troubles  ;  but  this  ex- 
cuse cannot,  with  any  justification,  be  pleaded.  Can  any  one  believe 
that  our  differences  would  not  be  immediately  accommodated,  and  that 
upon  the  most  honorable  terms,  provided  a  proposition  to  that  effect 
was  made  by  our  gos"ernmeut  ?  By  a  continuance  of  the  war,  they 
can  never,  with  any  reason,  expect  to  obtain  the  object,  the  only 
object,  wliich  is  now  in  dispute  :  but  it  is,  day  after  day,  plunging  us 
deeper  info  disgrace  and  rendering  us  tenfold  more  contemptible  in 
the  eyes  of  all  foreign  nations.  It  may,  indeed,  be  well  to  set  apax't 
days  of  humilition,  fasting,  and  prayer." 

Whilst  these  denunciations  of  the  war  and  the  administration  were 
"weekly  hei-alded  in  the  city,  Ainiapolis  was  turned  into  a  military 
•camp,  with  the  enemy  frequently  before  its  harbor,  and  its  citizens 
constantly  excited  by  expectations  of  attack  and  calls  to  arms. 

The  Governor  of  Maryland  wrote,  in  the  early  part  of  this  year,  to 
the  secretary  of  war  acquainting  him  with  the  defenseless  situation 
of  Annapolis.  The  letter  was  lost  on  the  way  which  gave  rise  to  many 
suspicions  of  bad  faith. 


234  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

On  April  9,  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  were  alarmed  at  an  early  hour 
by  the  discharge  of  cannon  from  the  fort,  (Fort  Madison,)  and  the 
drum  beating  the  town  to  arms.  The  alarm  was  caused  by  the  arrival 
of  several  privateers  who  reported  that  they  had  been  pursued  some 
considerable  distance  up  the  bay  by  the  blockading  squadron.  The 
people  responded  to  their  rendezvous  with  an  alacrity  that  did  credit 
to  their  promptness  and  patriotism. 

During  this  period  of  excitement  the  records  of  the  State  were  re- 
moved from  Annapolis  to  a  place  of  greater  safety,  boats  were 
pressed  into  the  service  of  the  State,  and  Major  Charles  S.  Ridgely  and 
his  squadron  hastened  to  Annapolis  with  great -rapidity.  Several 
companies  of  militia  were  also  called  to  the  place  :  but  their  services 
were  not  needed. 

During  these  trying  times  William  Ross,  of  Annapolis,  was  charged 
with  treasonbly  making  bad  cartridges  for  the  soldiers. 

In  the  early  part  of  May,  a  British  sloop  went  aground  on  Thomas' 
Point  bar.  The  patriots  of  Annapolis  were  very  anxious  to  attack  it, 
Vmt  the  Governor  prudently  forebore  as  five  British  frigates  were  near 
to  protect  it.  The  publication  that  the  Governor  said  he  was  glad  that 
the  sloop  got  off,  caused  considerable  correspondence  and  a  lively 
newspaper  war.  The  weight  of  evidence  was  that  the  words  were  not 
used. 

On  the  evening  of  August  3rd,  three  of  the  enemy's  ships  came  up 
the  bay  and  anchored  withni  three  miles  of  Annapolis.  Nineteen  other 
vessels  stood  a  short  distance  below,  and  were  distinctly  visible  from 
the  State  House.  Every  preparation  was  made  for  an  attack.  A  largo 
body  of  military  and  drafted  men,  with  detachments  of  regulars  and 
volunteers,  under  Col.  Carlrary,  were  in  the  town.  ]\Iost  of  the  fami- 
lies of  the  city  fled  to  the  country  with  the  principal  part  of  their 
goods,  and  the  town  assumed  the  air  of  a  military  post  awaiting  the 
immediate  onset  of  the  enemy.  In  a  few  days  the  scenes  shifted^ 
Two  74's  and,  and  one  64,  seven  other  ships,  frigates,  and  sloops  of 
war,  and  three  tugs,  lay  between  Hackett's  and  Sandy  Points.  One 
large  frigate  dropped  down  immediately  opposite  the  city,  and  a 
smaller  one  lay  about  two  miles  farther  down.  Below,  were  two  74's 
and  two  frigates,  besides  several  smaller  vessels,  tugs,  schooners,  and 
tenders.  There  were  constant  calls  to  arms  made  on  the  citizens  and 
the  town  was  in  a  state  of  feverish  excitement,  not  knowing  at  any 
moment  when  at  attack  would  begin.  The  forces  of  the  city  were 
augmented  by  the  arrival  of  Capf.  Morris,  of  the  frigate  Adams,  who 
was  given  command  of  both  forts.  He  brought  a  large  body  of  prime 
sailors.  Capt.  Miller,  from  Washington,  came  with  a  detachment  of 
rnarines,  and  Capt.  Getzendanner,  from  Frederick,  with  a  company  of 
riflemen.  In  the  midst  of  these  exciting  times,  soldiers  in  arms  and 
the  enemy  in  front,  the  Gazette  was  denouncing  in  the  most  vindic- 
tive manner  the  war  and  the  authors  of  it.  This  imprudent  conduct 
at  a  period  so  calamitous  proved  the  great  forbearance  and  love  of 
free  speech  and  a  free  press  that  prevailed  amongst  the  people  of  the 
enlightened  city.  At  the  same  time  peace  meetings  were  being  held 
all  over  Anne  Arundel. 

In  the  latter  part  of  August,  the  British  squadron  sailed  down  the 
bay,  and  the  excitement  at  Annapolis  subsided. 

Internal  dissensions,  however,  did  not  cease  with  the  departure  of 
the  British,  and  they  culminated  from  a  remote  cause  in  January, 


History  OF   Annapolis.  233 

1814.  From  the  chord  of  sympathy  touched  for  the  English  in  the 
war  with  their  own  country,  the  Federalists  despised  Napoleon.  When 
he  fell,  they  rejoiced.  At  Annapolis  they  celebrated  his  downfall  at 
the  hands  of  the  allied  armies  by  a  banquet  on  the  fifteenth  of 
January. 

A  large  concourse  of  gentlemen  from  different  parts  of  the  State 
and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  assembled  for  that  purpose  and  a 
procession  formed  at  twelve  o'clock  at  the  City  Tavern,*  and  marched 
to  St.  Anne's  Chui'ch,  headed  by  a  band  of  music,  "where  the  throne 
of  grace  was  addressed  in  an  appropriate  manner  by  Rev.  Mason  L. 
Weems,  and  an  oration  pronounced  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Goodloe 
Harper,  replete  with  jwlitical  knowledge  and  the  eloquence  of  truth,  "t 

The  distaste,  which  the  democratic  or  republican  portion  of  the 
community  felt  to  these  proceedings,  was  shown  by  the  boys  disturb- 
ing the  ceremonies  of  the  church  by  throwing  stones  at  the  windows 
and  making  other  violent  demonstrations  whilst  men  in  the  gallery 
expressed  their  opposition  to  the  proceedings  by  behavior  that  added 
to  the  general  confusion.  ]\Iajor  Alexander  Stuart,  commanding  a 
detachment  of  United  States  troops  in  the  garrison  at  Annapolis, 
ordered  the  national  flag  to  be  lowered  to  half-mast  and  minute  guns 
fired  to  show  his  regret  at  the  discomfiture  of  Napoleon. 

"After  the  performances  at  the  church  were  over,"  the  company 
joined,  by  an  illustrious  deputation  of  their  friends  from  Congress, 
Messrs.  Pickering,  Grosvenor  and  Hanson,  who  had  just  arrived  in 
the  city,  formed  into  a  procession,  and  marched  back  to  the  City 
Tavern,  and  then  to  the  Assembly  Rooms,  where  they  sat  down  to  a 
sumptuous  repast  prepared  by  Mr.  Isaac  Parker.  J.  C.  Herbert, 
Esq.,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  presided  at  the  table,  as- 
sisted by  Col.  Plater  and  Samuel  Ridout,  Esqr.,  as  vice  presidents. 
The  local  chronicler  says  :  "  A  spirit  of  unanimity  reigned  throughout 
the  company,  for  they  all  felt  the  importance  of  the  events  they  had 
convened  to  celebrate,  and  notliingoccurred  to  mar  the  pleasures  and 
enjoyment  of  the  day.  Actuated  by  the  purest  motives,  and  governed 
by  the  most  laudable  feelings,  a  heartfelt  gratitude  to  the  great 
heroes  who  had  stayed  the  arm  of  the  oppressor,  all  hearts  united  in 
responding  these  sentiments,  and  imploring  aid  from  the  great  arbiter 
of  the  world  for  their  patriotic  exertions.  When  they  were  ground  to 
the  dust  by  the  iron  liand  of  ruthless  power,  we  sympathized  in  their 
situation  ;  now  they  have  burst  the  chains  which  enslaved  theni,  we 
rejoice  at  it.  Can  "there  be  feelings  more  philanthropic,  more  worthy 
of  freemen,  who  estimate  liberty  above  all  things,  even  life  itself  ?  The 
influence  of  events  of  such  moment  will  not  be  confined  within  the 
limits  of  Europe,  but  their  beneficial  effects  will  be  bounded  only  by 
the  universe.     This  then  is  another  cause  of  rejoicing." 

It  was  natural  that  such  sentiments,  and  especially  the  assertion 
that  "the  influence  of  events  of  such  moment  will  not  be  confined 
within  the  limits  of  Europe,"  would  produce  the  greatest  indignation 
to  the  advocates  of  the  war  with  England,  when  that  influence  was 
none  other  than  England's  liand  off  Napoleon,  could  come  down  all 
the  heavier  on  the  United  States. 

•  City  Hotel. 
t   ivra.  Giizette. 


236  ''The  Ancient  City." 

After  the  cloth  was  removed,  a  number  of  toasts  were  drunk,  in- 
terspersed by  songs,  and  music  by  the  band. 

Among  the  toasts  were  : 

"The  Union  of  these  States— May  it  be  preserved  on  sure  and  just 
foimdations. 

"The  Principles  of  our  Constitution— Which  have  taught  us  to  sym- 
pathize in  the  common  cause  of  national  independence. 

"Alexander  of  Kussia — The  magnanimous  emancipator  of  nations. 

"The  Coalesced  Powers  of  Europe— Whose  banners  have  waved  in 
triumph  over  the  ruthless  enemy  of  the  liberties  of  mankind. 

"The  active,  indefatigable, and  glorious Blucher— The  worthypupil 
of  the  Great  Frederick. 

"The  Return  of  Peace— Its  light  is  only  to  be  reflected  to  our  land 
from  the  blaze  of  Bonaparte's  funeral  bier. 

"Our  National  Councils— Purse  and  brain  both  empty,  the  brain 
the  heavier  for  being  too  light,  the  purse  too  light  for  being  drawn  of 
heaviness. 

"Our  Country  a  Volunteer — May  the  emancipation  of  the  nations  of 
Europe  be  the  harltinger  of  her  deliverance  from  the  bane  of  French 
influence." 

By  Mr.  Grosvenor — A  Volunteer — "Maryland  the  Ararat  of  the 
Southern  States — In  the  deluge  of  democracy,  there  the  ark  of  Fed- 
erahsin  finally  rested." 

By  Mr.  G.  Calvert — A  Volunteer — "May  Bonaparte  nevor  receive 
more  agreeable  dispatcues  fron:  this  country  tlian  the  toasts  of  this 
day." 

This  Ijanquet  augmented  the  animosities  existing  in  the  city,  the 
democrats  going  so  far  as  to  charge  that  the  Federalists,  who  inspired 
the  occasion,  huzzae«l  for  the  Prince  Regent. 

After  dinner,  when  nearly  half  the  company  had  retired,  those  who 
remained  formed  themselves  into  a  procession,  and,  headed  by  a  l)and 
of  music,  marched  through  several  of  the  principal  streets.  Whilst 
thus  marching  the  procession  was  met  by  a  mob,  and  assailed  with 
clubs,  brick-bats,  and  other  miscellaneous  weapons.  Several  of  the 
processionists  were  injured  biit  not  seriously.  They,  however,  tui'ued 
tables  on  the  ringleaders  of  the  riot,  says  the  Gazette,  and  adminis- 
tered to  them  summary  punishment. 

The  l)itterness  of  the  factions  led  not  only  to  political,  but  personal, 
polemics.  The  Gazetta.  which  had  maintained  a  dignified  silence 
under  numerous  attacks  of  the  Repul)lican,  finally  broke  into 
severe  infective.  On  Wednesday,  January  36th,  1814,  it  wrote  :  "We 
had,  as  heretofore  expressedly  determined  not  to  notice  any  of  the  in- 
famous paragraphs  which  might  appear  in  that  contem]itible  chroni- 
cle, the  J/flr^Zi..'?ifZ  HejniM (,ca /I,  wheve'm,  'every  third  word  is  a  lie 
duer  paid  than  the  Turk's  tribute' — nor  would"  we  now  be  diverted 
from  our  proposed  course,  were  it  not  that  the  falsehoods  which 
marked  the  two  last  numbers,  might  acquire  a  circulation  from  their 
very  malignity.  We  know  not,  nor  do  we  care,  whether  thev  be  the 
venemous  effusions  of  the  vulgar  scoundrel  (Jehu  Chandler)  who  jiro- 
fesses  to  edit  the  paper,  or  of  his  associates  in  the  school  of  defama- 
tion, .vho  occasionally  exercise  themselYes  in  the  wanton  butchery  of 
character.  We  have,  indeed,  seen  and  we  have  noticed  too.  a  certain 
puffed  up,  conceited,  swollen  fool,  who  is  ever   first  to  laugh  at  his 


History  of  Annapolis.  237 

own  folly,  chuckling  witli  apparent  sclf-gratulation  at  the  appetite 
excited  among  the  vulgar,  for  the  gross  ailment  weekly  published  by 
this  cannibal  editor.  From  these  circumstances  and  the  bi-utal  sym- 
pathies of  his  nature  which  would  necessarily  impel  him  to  tiie  asso- 
ciation, we  strongly  suspect  him  to  be  a  member  of  the  Jacobin  club, 
which   conducts   that   Joui-nal.     *     *     ®     *     *     *     *     *     '■'     *     * 

•'We  have  been  led  to  these  remarks,  by  the  notice  taken  of  the  fes- 
tival of  Thursday  last  in  the  Ilaryland  Republbcan  ;  which,  we  are 
happy  to  learn,  has  met  with  the  decided  disapprobation  of  the  more 
decent  and  respectable  of  the  Democratic  party.     *     -•■"     *     *     '■■■     * 

"The  celebration  of  their  Master's  defeat  has  set  in  motion  all  the 
sullen  humors  of  Democracy,  and  has  excited  them  so  far  as  they  dare, 
to  acts  of  violence  and  outrage." 

Not  only  were  specific  acts  made  the  bases  of  editorial  amenities  be- 
tween Mr.  Green  and  Mr.  Chandler,  but  articles,  upon  public  matters, 
became  the  texts  for  most  vindictive  tirades.  In  the  issue  of  August 
10th,  1815,  the  editor  of  the  Gazette  said  :  "When  a  graceless  scoun- 
drel, like  the  editor  of  rhe  llarylaiid  Rejniblican,  a  villainous  com- 
pound of  knavery  and  folly,  promises  not  to  be  too  familiar  with  us, 
we  feel  indebted  to  him  for  the  only  obligation  which  it  is  in  the 
power  of  such  a  reptile  to  confer.  Wliat  could  induce  him  to  take 
such  particular  notice  of  our  remarks  on  bribery  we  cannot  divine  ;■ 
perhaps  expei'ience  had  rendered  the  subject  familiar  to  him,  and 
habit  had  endeared  it.  But  the  burthen  of  his  song  seems  to  be,  that, 
in  the  proposed  distribution  of  In-ibes,  not  one  was  offered  to  the  poor 
wretch  himself.  The  unlucky  fellow  !  after  toiling  in  the  work  of  de- 
famation with  the  most  unremitting  veniality,  after  selling  malicious 
slanders,  libels,  and  lies,  by  the  square  ;  after  having  acquired  the 
contempt  of  the  world,  ajid  after  having  excited  the  blushes  of  his 
friends,  if  there  be  any  so  mean-spirited  as  to  hold  friendly  commu- 
nion with  him,  to  find  himself  at  last  almost  hopeless,  has  he  not  a 
right  to  whine  and  whimper,  and  pitifully  to  beg  the  legislature  to 
let  him  put  his  fingor  in  the  treasury  for  services  for  the  not  doing  of 
which  he  should  have  been  pro'secuted  ?  He  seems  to  think  it  an  in- 
stance of  unbending  integrity  that  a  poor  man  should  refuse  the 
enormous  bribe  of  five  dollars,  and,  by  his  astonishment,  he  seems  to 
doubt  whether  he  could  have  withstood  the  temptation.  We  believe, 
however,  that  any  attempts  to  bribe  this  worthy  editor  would,  in  all 
probability  remain  a  secret,  unless,  at  any  time,  it  might  serve  his 
purposes  to  publish  his  own  shame.  We  dismiss  the  fellow  without 
inquiring  whether  money  is  the  root  of  his  evil  propensities,  or  whether 
they  proceed  from  a  native  villainy  and  obliquity  of  principle." 

Mr.  Chandler  was  apparently  as  caustic  and  far  more  industrious  in 
his  personal  editorials  than  Mr.  Green,  and,  it  is  not  surprising  that 
such  offensive  paragraphs  had  their  natural  result — a  rencounter. 
Not,  however,  between  the  two  editors.  Mr.  Chandler  gave  gi-eat 
offence  in  his  issue  of  June  22nd,  1816.  to  Mr.  J.  N.  Watkins  by  re- 
ferring to  him  in  the  following  enigmatical  sentence — "  I  have  a  very 
curious  and  important  law  case,  which  I  shall  report  in  my  next. 
"Blue  Light  vs.  Blue  Light."  Mr.  Watkins,  considering  that  he  was 
personally  alluded  to,  and  the  term  Blue  Light*  applied  to  him,  jnib- 

*  The  rinme  given  certain  New  Engl.ami' opponent-^  of  (he  wai- of  KS12, 
who  -.vere  ni'cnsed  of  sen  ling  up  rockei-  sisiials  from  lami  to  tne  liriti.-U  P''leet. 
hov^eriiigoff  the  coast. 


238  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

licly  declared  the  same  day,  that  he  would  call  upon  the  editor  the 
first  opportunity  that  offered,  and  make  him  declare  whether  he 
alluded  to  him,  and  what  he  meant  by  the  term  Blue  Light  as  applied 
to  him,  and  to  chastise  him  if  his  explanation  was  not  satisfactory.  On 
Monday  morning  he  met  the  editor  in  the  street,  and  made  the  de- 
mand. Mr.  Chandler  informed  him  it  was  the  case  of  the  warrant  of 
J.  Howard  against  himself  and  Mr.  Bowie,  which  was  tried  in  the 
chancery  office.  Mr.  Watkins  then  demanded  what  he  meant  by  the 
term  Blue  Light  as  it  applied  to  him  ?  Mr.  Chandler  replied— "Wait 
until  next  Saturday's  paper  appeared  and  he  would  see."  Mr.  Watkins 
.answered,  "I  will  not  wait,  and  I  am  determined  to  have  an  immediate 
explanation,  or  I  will  whip  you  on  the  spot."  Mr.  Chandler  was  at  this 
time  moving  off,  but  Mr.  Watkins  seized  him  by  the  breast,  and  told 
him  he  should  not  move  a  step  until  he  had  made  the  explanation  de- 
manded. Mr.  Chandler  immediately  struck  Mr.  Watkins  a  violent 
blow  over  the  head  with  a  stick  that  staggered  him,  but  recovering 
before  the  blow  was  repeated,  he  struck  Mr.  Chandler  with  his  fist, 
and  knocked  him  down,  and  made  his  stick  fall  from  his  hand.  This 
Mr.  Watkins  seized,  and  alternately,  with  his  fist,  \ised  the  stick  un- 
til Mr.  Chandler  was  severely  beaien. 

These  vindictive  attacks  on  private  character  and  personal  rights 
had  no  other  foundation  than  the  attritions  of  rivalship  in  legitimate 
business  and  the  unavoidable  differences  on  political  questions. 

Whilst  these  internal  dissensions  were  agitating  Annapolis,  external 
appearances  were  anything  but  agreeable. 

The  British  once  more  hovered  near  Annapolis.  On  Sunday  night, 
June  26th,  1814,  a  British  barge  supposed  to  belong  to  the  .Tasseur,  a 
brig  lying  at  Plumb  Point,  about  thirty  miles  below  Annapolis,  cap- 
tured several  vessels,  one  of  them  being  a  regular  packet  between  An- 
napolis and  Hadda way's  Ferry. 

On  July  9th,  the  British  Frigate,  Narcissus,  accompanied  by  a 
schooner  and  two  smaller  vessels,  passed  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  on 
its  way  up  the  bay.  On  the  13th,  the  frigate  returned  with  twelve 
bay  crafts,  which  it  had  captured. 

The  proximity  of  the  British  again  transposed  Annapolis  into  a 
military  post.  A  considerable  body  of  militia  arrived  from  Frederick 
and  Washiiigton  counties,  and  the  upper  part  of  Anne  Arundel.  They 
displayed  great  patriotism. 

On  August  25th,  a  British  frigate,  a  schooner,  sloop,  and  a  fleet  of 
barges  were  in  sight  off  Annapolis.  On  Sunday,  September  18th,  the 
enemy,  having  between  sixty  and  seventy  sail,  again  appeared  off  An- 
napolis. Their  bows  were  down  the  bay.  They  had  discovered  there 
was  a  North  Point  and  a  Fort  McHenry.  Two  of  the  vessels  grounded 
on  Kent  Island,  and  that  delayed  them  until  Tuesday.  On  Wednesday 
they  anchored  ten  miles  below  Annapolis. 

On  the  night  of  November  loth,  Annapolis  was  thrown  into  a  state 
of  intense  excitement  by  the  firing  of  the  alarm  guns  on  Horn  Point 
by  the  guard.  Citizens  flew  to  anus,  and  in  a  brief  period  the 
town  was  ready  to  meet  the  attack  of  the  enemy.  The  alarm  proved 
a  false  one  created  by  two  bay  vessels  entering  the  mouth  of  the  har- 
bor and  refusing  to  notice  or  answer  the  repeated  calls  of  the  guard. 
It  was  then  announced  that,  after  this  alarm,  those  vessels  which  re- 
fused to  notice  the  hail  of  the  guard  would  be  fired  upon. 


History  of  Annapolis.  239 

In  February,  1815,  the  news  of  peace  arrived  and  on  the  23nd  An- 
napolis celebrated  the  welcome  intelligence.  The  city  was  bril- 
liantly illuminated,  the  joy  of  the  people  was  unbounded,  all 
former  political  differences  were  buried,  all  past  dissensions  forgotten, 
and  all  was  "peace  and  good  will  towards  men . "  In  the  midst  of  this 
brilliant  spectacle  stood  the  State  House,  conspicious  for  its  elevation 
and  splendor.  The  great  hall  was  decorated  with  a  full  length  por- 
trait of  Washington,  suspended  from  the  centre  of  the  inner  dome, 
the  devices  were  tasteful  and  numerous,  and  the  whole  illumination 
brilliant  and  magnificent. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 
La  Fayette's  Visit  to  Annapolis. 

[1824.]  On  Friday,  December  17th,  1824,  by  invitation  of  the  Mary- 
land Legislature,  the  Marquis  de  La  Fayette  visited  Annapolis.  The 
enthusiasm  excited  amongst  the  citizens  by  the  arrival  of  the  dis- 
tinguished visitor  was  indescribable  "every  eye  beamed  with  pleasure, 
every  heart  throbbed  with  mingled  emotions  of  gratitude,  affection, 
and  delight."  His  approach  was  announced  by  a  national  salute,  and 
the  display  of  the  Federal  colors  upon  the  spire  of  the  State  House.  It 
was  three  in  the  afternoon  when  he  made  his  appearance  in  the  city, 
accompanied  by  his  son  George  Washington  La  Fayette,  Mons.  Vas- 
seur,  his  Secretary,  the  Hon.  Joseph  Kent,  the  Hon.  George  E. 
Mitchell,  Eepresentatives  in  Congress  from  Maryland,  Samuel  Sprigg, 
Esq.,  late  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  the  deputation  from  Annapolis, 
consisting  of  Hon.  Jeremiah  T.  Chase,  late  chief  justice  of  Maryland, 
Hon.  Theodorick  Bland,  chancellor  of  the  State,  Col.  Henry  Mayna- 
dier,  an  officer  of  the  Revolution,  and  Jo'an  Randall,  Esq.,  collector  of 
the  port ;  who  had  received  him  at  the  divisional  line  between  Anne 
Arundel  and  Prince  George's  counties. 
Judge  Chase  delivered  there  the  following  address  to  Lafayette  : 
"General  Lafayette,  the  citizens  of  Annapolis,  ardently  solicitous  to 
demonstrate  the  feelings  of  their  hearts  on  this  happy  occasion,  have 
requested  me,  with  one  voice  to  express  them  to  you — Welcome  Gen- 
eral Lafayette,  thrice  welcome,  as  the  revered  guest  »f  citizens  who  re- 
joice to  see  you.  They  rejoice  to  see  you,  as  the  friend  of  America,  they 
rejoice  to  see  you  as  the  friend  of  the  illustrious  Washmgton — they 
rejoice  to  see  you  receivmg  the  congratulations  of  a  free  people ; 
whose  hearts  from  one  end  of  the  continent  to  the  other,  are  filled 
with  the  most  lively  gratitude,  for  the  great,  the  important  services 
rendered  by  you  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  To  you.  Illustrious  Chief, 
they  are  indebted  for  that  aid  you  afforded,  at  a  time  the  most  peril- 
ous, by  which,  under  the  favour  and  smiles  of  Providence,  and  under 
the  guidance  of  the  patriotic  Washington,  the  freedom  and  independ- 
<ence  of  America  was  established. 


240  ''ThkAncient   City.'' 

"To  you  and  your  glorious  acheivenents  they  owe  those  rights,, 
which  they  are  now  in  the  full  enjoyment  of — Liberty,  the  rights  of 
conscience,  the  rights  of  property,  and  the  security  of  all  jiersonal 
rights,  and  that  high  and  exalted  station  America  holds  among  the' 
nations  of  the  earth.  Your  noble,  disinterested  conduct,  as  the  de- 
voted friend  of  liberty,  and  your  timely  aid  in  her  cause,  will  long  be 
remembered  by  Americans.  They  are  deeply  engraven,  indeHbly  im- 
pressed, on  their  hearts,  and  will  be  transmitted  from  father  to  sou, 
from  generation  to  generation,  until  America  be  lost  and  swallowed 
up  in  the  never  ceasing  flood  oC  time. 

"May  the  Almighty  God,  tlie  Great  Jehovah,  take  you  in  his  holy 
keeping,  prolong  your  days,  and  may  they  be  prosperous  and  end  in 
peace,  "that  peace  "of  mind  which  passeth  all  understanding  :  and  may 
you  finally  be  fitted  for  and  received  into  those  mansions  of  bliss  pre- 
pared by  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  for  his  happy  followers, 
is  the  ardent  prayer  of  the  sons  of  freedom." 

To  the  above  address  General  Lafayette  made  the  following  reply  : 

"The  welcome  I  receive  from  you,  gentlemen,  in  the  name  of  the 
citizens  of  Anna!>olis,  the  pleasure  to  meet  you  again,  my  dear  and 
venerated  sir,  and  the  remembrance  of  one  of  my  earliest  friends,  and 
co-patriots,  in  the  cause  of  America,  your  excellent  brother,  are  senti- 
ment which  I  am  happy  to  express.  I  thank  you  for  the  testimonies 
of  your  esteem  and  friendship.  I  rejoice  with  you  in  the  admirable 
results  of  our  glorious  revolution,  and  feel  an  affectionate  eagerness 
to  re-enter  the  metropolis  where  I  am  so  kiiully  innted,  and  where  so 
many  old  obligations  have  been  conferred  upon  me." 

Lafayette  was  escorted  by  Captain  Bowie's  elegant  company  of 
mounted  riflemen  from  Nothingham,  Prince  George's  county  and 
Captain  Sellman's  troop  of  horse  from  South  River,  Anne  Arundel 
county. 

At  Miller's  Hill,  the  procession,  in  spite  of  the  rain  which  continued 
from  morn  till  night,  was  formed  under  the  marshalship  of  Colonel 
Jones,  of  the  United  States  Army,  It  presented  a  creditaljle  military 
appearance,  and  consisted  of  : 

Two  companies  of  the  Annapolis  riflemen  ; 

Two  companies  of  Anna])olis  infantry  ; 

One  company  of  Annapolis  artillery  ; 

Captain  Dooly's  company  of  riflemen  from  West  River; 

Captain  Bruce's  company  of  mounted  riflemen  from  Nothingham  ; 

Captain  Watson's,  Captain  Warfield's,  and  Captain  Sellman's  troops 
of  horses ; 

The  troops  from  Fort  Severn  ; 

Colonel  Charles  S.  Ridgely,  of  the  cavalry,  and  the  officers  of  Cap- 
tain Hollingsworth's  troop  of  horse  from  Elk  Ridge. 

The  i^rocession  passed  through  West  Street,  down  Church  Street, 
up  Frances  to  the  eastern  gate  of  the  circle  where  the  General 
alighted  from  his  carriage  and  was  conducted  to  the  State  House, 
Upon  entering  the  hall,  he  was  greeted  by  about  thirty  little  girls, 
each  about  twelve  years  old,  formed  in  a  semi-circle,  all  dressed  in 
white,  with  wreaths  of  evergreen  entwined  around  their  heads,  and 
holding  in  their  hands  banners  with  the  following  inscriptions  : 

"LaFayette — The  friend  of  our  fathers  will  always  be  welcome  to 
the  hearts  of  their  children,"  and 

"The  cannon's  roar  proclaims  the  gratitude  of  warriors  ; 


History  OF   Annapolis.  241 

"More  peaceful  emblems  must  tell  of  ours." 

The  General  was  conducted  to  the  Senate  Chamber  of  liistorie  re- 
nown— where,  in  tlie  presence  of  the  corjJDrate  authorities  of  the  city, 
the  members  of  the  Le.irislature.  a  numerous  assemblage  of  ladies, 
citizens,  and  stran^-ers,  hi;  was  addressed  by  Colonel  James  Boyle,  the 
Mayor  of  the  city,  in  the  following  terras  : 

'"On  the  part  of  the  corporation  and  my  fellow-citizens,  I  greet  you 
with  a  hearty  and  affectionate  welcome.  You  have  been  in  this  city 
before,  during  the  gloomy  period  of  that  war,  which  severed  one-half 
•of  the  British  empire  from  the  other,  and  2:)laced  these  states  on  an 
•equality  with  the  independent  nations  of  the  earth.  We  rejoice  to 
see  you  now.  The  children  have  inherited  the  grateful  affections  of 
their  fathers 

''We  do  not  know  which  to  admire  most,  that  bold  and  chivalric 
spirit,  which  prompted  you  to  leave  the  quiet  of  repose,  the  joys  of  a 
splendid  court,  where  youth  and  l^eauty  cheered  even  the  dim  lustre 
of  the  aged  eye,  and  the  soft  endearments  of  an  early  love,  or  that 
spirit  of  benevolence,  which  urged  you  to  gird  on  the  warrior  sword 
to  battle  for  an  infant  land  just  struggling  to  existence.  You  came 
like  Achilles,  not  the  leader,  but  the  young  hero  of  the  host,  to  bind 
upon  your  youthful  brow  your  earliest  laurels,  and  the  myrmidons*  of 
your  country  fought  untired  and  victorious  by  your  side.  You  have 
been  reserved  for  a  nobler  and  a  better  fate.  He  fell  upon  the  very 
threshhold  of  victory.  You  have  survived  to  see  the  maturity  of  that 
rich  boon  your  gallant  sword  assisted  to  achieve.  The  Grand  Master 
of  the  Universe  would  not  summon  you  from  your  frail  lodge  of  clay 
to  his  celestial  and  eternal  lodge  above,  until  you  should  behold  these 
fair  fields  the  permanent  abode  of  rational  liberty.  We  have  seen 
you  retire  frcm  our  shores  with  the  nation's  blessings  and  the  nation's 
prayers :  we  have*  known  you  in  your  own  country  to  reap  a  rich 
harvest  of  glory,  and  we  have  sighed  with  you  when  the  dungeon 
doors  of  the  prison  of  Olmutz  closed  and  shut  yon  from  the  world, 
your  tender  spouse,  and  infant  offspring.  Believe  me,  Sir,  through 
this  wide  extended  country,  washed  by  the  Atlantic  on  the  one  side, 
and  tlie  Pacific  on  the  other,  there  is  not  an  human  bosom,  old  enough 
to  distinguish  right  from  wrong,  which  at  the  sound  of  your  name 
throbs  not  with  mingled  emotions  of  gi-atitude  and  pleasure  ;  not  an 
infant  prattler  but  has  learned  to  lisp  the  name  of  our  illustrious 
guest  and  disinterested  benefactor. 

"General  !  You  have  lately  seen  the  place  where  the  sword  of  the 
revolutionary  war  was  drawn.  Yoii  now  stand  in  that  very  chamber, 
and  on  that  very  spot,  where  the  father  of  his  country  returned  it  to 
the  scabbard  ;  an  act  which  stands  alone  among  the  recoi-ded  annals 
of  the  world.  High  iii  the  affections  of  the  army,  the  valiant  chief- 
tain of  a  mighty  pe^^ple,  reposing  on  the  love  and  confidence  of  the 
nation,  he  might,  had  he  been  ambitious,  have  desolated  his  native 
land  with  war  and  bloodshed,  he  might  perhaps  have  seized  upon  the 
crown  through  the  misguided  feelings  of  the  many,  and  have 
stained  to  late  posterity  the  bright  escutcheon  of  his  fame.  The 
greatness  of  his  character  was  preserved  to  the  last  as  -An  entire 
whole.     He  would  not  sufl'er  the  glittering  bauble  to  cross  the  bright- 

•  Evidently  a  mispriiii  in  the  GazL'ttf. 

16 


243  •  •  T  H  E  A  N  c  I K  X  T  City.'' 

ness  of  his  path,  nor  for  a  moment  swerve  him  from  the  line  of  duty. 
His  throne  is  of  an  imperishable  nature,  his  crown  more  honoralilu 
than  the  richest  diadems  of  emperors,  and  his  sceptre  cannot  be  broken 
by  the  united  efforts  of  the  world.  They  are  placed  u])on  the  purest 
page  of  history,  and  form  the  brightest  halo  ronnd  its  loveliest  disk. 

"Permit  me  again.  Sir,  to  welcome  you  to  Aiiiuipolis,  and  to  assure 
you  that  your  arrival  is  a  source  of  unutterable  pleasure." 

To  wliich  General  Lafayette  replied  : 

"I  had  eagerly  anticipated  the  pleasure  I  now  enjoy,  to  revisit  this 
metropolis,  and  to  find  it  in  the  possession  of  those  blessings  of  inde- 
pendence and  freedom,  for  which  we  have  had  to  contend.  My  grati- 
fication is  completed  by  tlie  affectionate  and  flattering  welcome,  with- 
which  I  am  honored,  and  by  the  kind  manner  in  which  you,  Mr. 
Mayor,  have  been  pleased  to  exjjress  it. 

'•This  city  has  been  the  theatre  of  resolutions  most  important  tO' 
the  welfare  of  the  United  States,  and  indeed  to  the  general  welfare 
of  mankind.  It  has  witnessed  the  affecting  scene,  when  our  unpar- 
allelled  chief  resigned  the  powers  he  had  exercised  with  so  much  civil' 
moderation  and  military  glory,  at  the  head  of  our  patriotic  army,  an 
army  in  every  heart  of  who-n,  be  assured  Sir,  the  lofty  j)rinciple  of  un- 
shaken and  unalloyed  republicanism  was  as  warmly  felt  and  as  firmly 
fixed  as  in  the  breast  itself  of  our  beloved  commander. 

"Amidst  those  solemn  recollections,  there  are  personal  remem- 
brances, endearing  and  honorable,  which  the  view  of  this  Stale  House, 
most  particularly  imju-ess  upon  my  mind,  and  which  mingle  with  the 
sense  of  my  actual  oliligations,  wlien  T  re(piest  you,  Mr.  Mayor,  the- 
gentlemen  of  the  Common  Council,  and  all  the  citizens  of  Annapolis, 
to  accept  the  tribute  of  my  most  respectful  and  alfectionate  thanks." 

He  was  then  introduced  to  the  members  of  the  Corporation,  and  te- 
as many  other  persons,  as  the  lateness  of  the  hour  would  admit.  The 
ceremonies  in  the  Senate  Chamber  being  finished,  the  i)rocession  was 
again  formed,  and  moved  on  to  Fort  Severn,  where  a  national  salute 
was  fired,  and  other  appropriate  honors  paid  to  the  illustrious  visitor 
by  the  excellent  officei'S  attached  to  that  garrison.  Colonel  Jones, 
Lieutenants  Lendrum  and  Davidson.  The  general  and  his  snite  were- 
then  conducted  to  the  Government  House,  where,  in  compliance  with 
an  invitation  from  his  Excellency,  the  Govei-nor,  his  quarters  were 
fixed.  Li  the  evening  the  general  and  his  suite  were  escorted  to- 
the  college,  which  had  been  selected  as  the  most  convenient  place  for 
the  Ball  which  had  been  prepared,  under  the  direction  of  the  com- 
mittee of  arrangements,  by  Mr.  James  "Williamson.  The  hall  had 
been  previously,  tastefully  ornamented  by  a  committee  of  ladies, 
selected  for  the  purpose,  and  was  pronounced  to  be  the  handsomest 
room  which  had  ever  lieen  approj)riated  to  an  occasion  of  the  kind  in 
this  country.  It  was  ornamented  with  wreaths  of  flowers,  natural 
and  artificial,  transparencies  of  Washington  and  Lafayette,  aiul  many 
military  insignia.  In  the  centre  was  suspended  a  large  chandelier,  of 
a  circular  form,  but  gradually  decreasing  in  its  circumference  from 
bottom  to  top,  beautifully  ornamented,  and  illuminated  with  nearly 
one  hundred  lights.  The  Ball  was  rich  and  elegant— and  was  at- 
tended by  an  unusually  large  number  of  ladies  from  various  parts  of 
the  State,  and  by  a  large  concourse  of  gentlemen.  Tlie  Marine  Band 
from  Washington  was  procured  for  the  occasion. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  243- 

On  Saturday  morning  there  was  a  review  on  the  college  green— and 
the  evolutions  performed  were  highly  creditable,  both  to  the  com- 
manding officer,  (Col.  Jones,)  and  the  soldiers  under  his  command.  A 
pavilliou  was  erected  on  the  green,  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
General  and  his  suit.^,  the  Governor,  his  aids,  and  other  gentlemen, 
to  whom  places  were  a:!signed.  After  the  evolutions  were"  executed, 
a  trial  of  skill  was  exhibited  by  the  three  Rifle  Companies,  commanded 
by  Captains  Dooly,  Xeth,  and  Hobbs,  in  shooting  at  a  target,  for  a 
Silver  Cup.  His  Excellency,  the  Governor,  and  Colonel  Jones,  wore 
appointed  the  Judges,  and  they  assigned  the  prize  to  "The  First  An- 
napolis Sharp  Shooters."  The  cup  was  then  presented  by  General 
Lafayette  to  Captain  Neth,  who  received  it  in  behalf  of  his 'company. 
In  this  exhibition  Captain  Dooly's  company,  (which  is  a  remarkaljly 
fine  one,  and  is  commanded  by  an  able  officer,)  distinguished  them- 
selves as  expert  marksmen  (as  did  also  Captain  Hobbs'  company.) 
The  prize  was  "noi)ly  lost,  and  nobly  won." 

At  5  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  General  and  suite  were  conducted 
to  the  college  hall,  where  a  most  sumptuous  and  splendid  dinner  liad 
been  provided  by  the  committee  of  arrangements  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Mrs.  M.  Robinson,  of  the  city^  The  ornaments  and  decora- 
tions which  were  placed  in  the  hall,  preparatory  to  the  hall,  were 
found  to  be  equally  appropriate  for  the  dinner,  and  the  hall  upon  this 
occasion  presented  a  scene  of  splendor  and  elegance,  "seldom,  or  per- 
haps never  surpassed  in  this  country.  The  dinner  was  truly  sump- 
tuous, and  the  table  presented  not  only  every  delicacy  to  gratify  the 
palate,  but  was  arranged  with  a  degree  of  taste  and'elegance,  which 
contributed  to  increase  the  temptations  which  it  presented.  The 
toasts  which  were  drank  upon  the  occasion,  were  very  appropriate. 
At  night  a  general  illumination  took  place  throughout  the  city,  and 
the  night  being  fine  it  liad  a  very  pleasing  efllect.  The  lower  stories 
of  the  State  House  were  illuminated,  and  a  variety  of  appropriate 
transparencies  exhibited. ' ' 

On  Sunday  morning  the  General,  by  invitation,  attended  divine 
services  at  the  Methodist  Meeting  House. 

On  Monday  the  committee,  appointed  by  the  Legislature,  claimed  the 
privilege  of  entertaining  Lafayette.  He  was  introduced  to  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Delegates  where  addresses  were  made  to  him,  by  the 
President  and  the  Speaker.  At  5  o'clock  he  dined  with  the  Legisla- 
ture at  the  College. 

On  Tuesday  morning,  he  left  the  city  for  Washington,  escorted  by 
Captain  Sellman's  troop  of  horse,  and  accompanied,  as  far  as  the 
limits  of  the  city,  by  Captain  Neth's  Rifle  Company,  the  regulars 
from  Fort  Severn,  and  a  large  concourse  of  citizens  and  strangers, 
"who  lamented  his  departure,  and  were  penetrated  with  a  deep  sense 
of  gratitude  for  the  eminent  services  he  rendered  our  country,  and 
with  a  profoimd  respect  for  his  character,  and  a  sincere  affection  for- 
his  person." 


.244  ''The  Ancient   City." 

CHAPTER  L. 

''The  Glorious   Nineteen. 


r  /' 


Annapolis  was  the  scene  of  a  bloodless  revolution  in  September, 
1836.  The  constitution  of  Maryland  was  an  attenuated  relic  of  colo- 
nial times  with  a  dash  of  republican  spirit  permeating  it.  By  it,  was  an 
extraordinary  mode  of  electing  one  branch  of  the  Legislative  body 
preserved. 

An  Electoral  College,  composed  of  forty  electors,  wau  elected  by  the 
people  according  to  certain  defined  electoral  districts.  Of  these  it  re- 
quired twenty-four  to  make  a  quorum.  The  State,  since  the  adoption 
of  the  State  Constitution  in  1776,  had  gained  so  in  population  that 
these  districts,  which  at  first  fairly  represented  the  population  of  the 
State  and  the  will  of  the  people,  had  become  a  huge,  political 
monstrosity  l)y  which  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  people  of  the  State 
elected  one  entire  co-ordinate  branch  of  the  legislative  dej)artment 
and  had  a  large  influence  in  choosing  the  Governor  of  the  S:ate. 

As  it  happened,  the  whigs  were  strongest  in  the«e  numerically 
smaller  districts,  and,  whilst  not  respresenting  the  fourth  of  the  State, 
were  enabled  to  dictate  to  the  other  three-fourths  in  two  important 
branches  of  Government.  Against  this  the  democracy  of  Maryland 
revolted,  and,  a'ssisted  by  many  whigs  who  were  opposed  to  the  un- 
equal system,  had  called  loudly  for  reform. 

The  whigs,  loath  to  give  up  power,  resisted  the  api)eals  of  party  and 
people  for  redress.  In  the  elections  of  1836,  the  whigs  elected  31 
members  of  the  Senatorial  College,  and  the  democrats  19.  On  this 
the  democrats  resolved  to  stop  the  wheels  of  government  itself  or  ob- 
tain the  redress  ttiey asked. 

Prom  Major  Sprigg  Harwood,  who  represented  Annapolis  in  the 
College,  on  August  18th,  1886,  then  in  his  78th  year,  the  sole  sur- 
vivor of  "the  glorious  nineteen,"  as  the  democrats  were  wont  to  call 
them,  I  obtained  the  following  : 

"We  had  a  little  caucus  at  the  Baltimore  House,  corner  Baltimore 
and  Hanover  streets,  Baltimore,  and  then  agreed  tliat  we  would  as- 
semble at  Annapolis  and  send  a  communication,  as  we  did  on  the  19th 
of  September,  to  the  twenty-one  whig  electors  who  were  in  the  Senate 
Chamber,  and  who  had  qualified,  and  were  waiting  for  all  of  us,  re- 
quiring at  least  three  before  a  quorum  could  be  formed  to  transact 
business.  When  we  sent  our  communication  to  them,  they  would  hold 
no  communications  with  us  until  we  qualified.  If  we  had  qualified, 
they  could  have  then  proceeded  to  business  with  their  majority  of 
twenty-one. 

"I  first  heard  of  the  intended  proceedings  some  days  before  the  Bal- 
timore meeting  by  Mr.  Dick  Higgins  coming  out  to  the  country  at 
Mr.  Evans,  and  telling  me  of  the  letters  written  to  the  Democratic 
and  Reform  electors  to  meet  in  Baltimore.  Before  going,  I  consulted 
with  my  people  here  to  learn  their  views.  I  said  tliey  could  instruct 
me  now,  but  if  I  went  to  Baltimore,  and  committed  myself  it  was  then 
too  late,  I  would  have  to  stand  by  it.  They  said  'Go,  the  principle 
is  right,  and  we  will  stand  by  you.'  This  they  did  although  they 
had  a  representation  equal  to  Baltimore's— two  delegates  in  the  Leg- 
islature. 


History  OF  Annapolis.  245 

"We  met  in  Baltimore  about  a  week  previous  to  the  meeting  of  the 
College  here  on  the  19th  of  September,  and  agreed  on  the  outlines  of 
the  proposition  as  indicated  by  the  letter  dated  on  the  19th. 

"There  was  no  personal  animosity  among  the  participants.  I  used 
to  associate  with  the  whig  electors  outside,  and  they  would  aslc  me  to 
go  up  to  the  Senate,  but  I  would  say — "No,  you  will  lock  me  in."" 
The  outsiders  were  very  much  alarmed.  They  thought  no  rights  were 
left  in  property  as  there  was  no  legislature,  the  whig  judges  actually 
taking  this  view,  and  the  j^eople  generally  thought  the  country  was 
gone. 

"Afterwards,  when  three  of  the  nineteen  concluded  to  participate 
in  the  organization  of  the  College,  John  S.  Sellman  wrote  to  us  to  meet 
at  Annapolis,  but  all  declined  save  Marcy  Fountain,  Enoch  George, 
George  A.  Thomas,  and  Wesley  Linthicum.  Messrs.  Thomas  and 
George  regretted  coming,  but  finding  three  were  going  in,  (enough  to 
make  a  quorum,)  they  also  c»nsen ted  to  go,  but  not  then  until  the 
basis  of  electing  a  Senate  and  the  reforms  to  be  given  had  been  agreed 
upon. 

"The  whigs  gave  the  election  of  Governor  to  the  people  and  altered 
the  representation  in  the  Legislature  so  as  to  equalize  it  somewhat  in 
the  State. 

"The  democrats  thereupon  elected  the  Governor — the  whigs  only 
succeeded  in  getting  in  Gov.  Pratt  in  1843,  and  the  Know  Nothings, 
Thomas  Holliday  Hicks,  in  1857.  The  whigs  often,  however,  had  the 
Legislature. 

"Our  people  were  satisfied,  but  the  whigs  were  excited  here.  They 
did  not  like  giving  up  the  State.  Several  steamers  came  here  daily 
from  Baltimore  and  the  counties,  filled  with  whigs,  who  hoped  to  make 
an  impression  on  the  nineteen.  Everybody  had  gone  away  then  ex- 
cept myself."* 

The  following  is  the  corresjjondence  that  took  place  on  the  19th  of 
September : 

"Gextlemen. — It  is  duty  which  we  owe  to  our  constituents,  that  be- 
fore we  take  oi;r  seats  in  the  College  of  Electors  of  the  Senate  of  this 
State,  we  should  have  a  distinct  and  positive  understanding,  as  to  the 
course  to  be  pursued  by  that  body. 

"You  are  apprised,  ihat,  a  crisis  has  occurred,  when  neither  of  the 
political  parties  of  the  State  have  elected  Electors,  having  the  consti- 
tutional power  to  form  a  Senate.  Of  the  nineteen  counties  and  two 
cities,  into  which  the  State  is  divided,  we  represent  the  two  cities  and 
eight  of  the  counties,  having  a  white  population  of  205,922,  and 
federal  numbers  267,669.  You  represent  ten  of  the  counties,  having 
a  white  population  of  85,179  ;  and  federal  numbers  138,002  ;  and  the 
vote  of  the  remaining  counties  is  dividpd.  Of  the  Electoral  Body,  we 
are  nineteen  in  number,  while  you  are  twenty-one.  But,  although 
you  are  a  majority  (the  smallest  possible)  of  the  College,  it  is  to  be 
recollected  that  we  represent  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  free  white 
population,  and  two-thirds  of  the  federal  numbers  of  the  State,  and 
very  much  the  largest  portion  of  its  territorial  extent  and  wealth  ;  we 
shall,  therefore,  expect  that  you  will  concede  to  us  the  nomination  of 
eight  members  of  the  Senate  to  be  chosen,  and  that  you  will  vote  for 
the  persons  whom  we  may  nominate  to  the  College,  although  they 
may  be  favourable  to  a  convention  to  revise  and  amend  the  Constitu- 

♦  Annapolis  was  his  home. 


246  ''TheAncient   Cit  y.  ' ' 

tiou  of  the  State,  if,  in  all  other  respects,  in  your  opinion  well  qualified. 
The  counties  and  cities  we  represent  ought  to  have,  upon  any  jiolitical 
principle  which  governs  the  appointment  of  members  of  a  Legisla- 
ture, a  majority  of  the  Senate  to  be  formed,  greater  than  that  which 
is  sought  to  be  obtained.  To  force  upon  them,  then,  being  the 
majority  of  the  people,  an  entire  Senate,  against  their  will,  would  be 
unjust  and  Ami-Republican;  and  we,  their  agents,  cannot  participate 
in  such  a  violation  of  their  rights  as  tieemen  ;  neither  can  we  become 
passive  members  of  ElectorarCollege,  and  thereby  enable  you  to  select 
for  the  people,  we  have  the  honor  to  represent,  Senators  residing  in 
the  district  from  which  we  come.  The  people  of  those  counties  and 
cities  have  elected  us  to  make  choice  of  their  Senators,  presuming  that 
we  who  reside  among  them  are  better  qualified  than  strangers  can  be, 
to  choose  those  who  know  their  rights  and  interests,  and  will  protect 
them.  If  our  constituents  are  to  be  subjected  to  a  Senate  opposed  to 
their  will,  it  would  be  an  aggravation  of  the  evils  they  will  be  com- 
pelled to  endure  to  have  some  of  the  members  of  that  body  taken  from 
the  midst  of  communities  whose  confidence  they  do  not  enjoy,  and 
whose  wants  and  wishes  they  are  not  willing  cheerfully  to  gratify. 
From  these  considerations,  we  feel  compelled  to  take  the  position 
above  assumed.  Moreover,  our  constituents,  who  desire  to  see  radical 
changes  made  in  their  present  constitution  liave  a  right  to  expect  that 
we  will  not  fail  to  exert  all  the  powers  reposed  in  us  under  our  form  of 
government  to  make  the  institutions  of  the  State  more  republican  and 
conformable  to  the  will  of  those  for  whose  happiness  and  safety  they 
were  designed. 

"The  friends  of  reform  in  Maryland  have  sought  repeatedly  to  obtain 
from  the  Legislature,  by  an  exertion  of  the  powers  confided  to  that 
body  by  the  fifty-ninth  section  of  the  Constitution,  such  amendments 
of  that  instrument  as  are  indispensable,  and  it  is  with  regi'et  we  say 
that  all  their  applications  wei-e  in  vain,  and  indeed  it  may  be  said,  they 
were  not  even  treated  with  that  respectful  deference  to  which  the 
remonstrances  of  a  large  majority  of  the  people  are  justly  entitled.  It 
would  be  needless  for  us  here  to  spread  out  in  detail,  the  several  ap- 
plications for  reform  which  have  been  made. 

''You  know  the  history  of  many  petitions  which  have  been  presented 
to  the  Legislature  ;  and  we  have  felt  the  manner  of  their  rejection. 
Each  instant  is  fresh  in  the  recollection  of  our  constituents,  and  they 
believe  as  we  do,  that  no  redress  of  grievances  can  be  had  through  the 
ordinary  forms  which  the  framers  of  our  Constitution  provided.  Under 
this  solemn  consideration,  we  have  determined  not  to  l)e  willingly  in- 
strumental in  perpetuating  institutions  that  work  such  bitter'injus- 
tice,  and  if,  gentlemen,  you  will  give  us  your  pledge  of  honour  to  ac- 
cede to  our  proposal,  and  give  to  the  majority  of  the  people  a  majority 
of  one  branch  of  the  Legislature  to  prevent  futnre  violations  of  then- 
rights  and  privileges,  it  will  afford  us  great  pleasure  to  meet  you  in 
the  Electoral  College  today.  Shovild,  however,  your  views  as  to  our 
relative  rights  and  duties  not  accord  with  ours,  we  shall  most  deeply 
regret  it,  and  be  compelled  by  a  high  and  holy  sense  of  duty  to  our 
constituents  and  to  the  whole  State,  not  to  meet  you  in  College,  and 
thereby,  we  shall  entirely  avoid  the  odious  responsibility  of  assisting 
to  form  a  Senate  obnoxious  to  the  people  we  represent. 

"We  are  aware  that  your  re  jection  of  this  proposition,  and  the  State 
o:  things  which  may  grow  out  of  it,  will  give  some  alarm  to  the 


History  of  Annapolis.  247 

timorous.  But  ui>ou  the  most  calm  and  deliberate  examination  of  the 
whole  subject  in  all  its  bearings,  we  can  discover  none  of  those  causes 
for  deep  ajid  lasting  excitement,  which  endanger  the  peace  and  good 
order  of  the  community,  if  the  legislative  functions  of  the  government 
should  cease  for  a  season,  that  will  be  found  to  arise,  should  we  assist 
to  organize  a  Senate,  which  would  perpetuate,  possibly,  all  existing 
evils,  and  secure  for  five  years,  at  least,  that  oppressive  dominion,  of 
a  small  minority  over  the  majority,  which  has  been  so  long  reluctantly 
endured  by  the  people  of  Maryland.  We  perceive  no  cause  for  ap- 
prehensions and  alarm  in  the  temporary  suspension  of  the  powers  of 
the  Senate.  Therel^y,  the  whole  Constitution  would  not  be  abrogated. 
The  Governor  would  remain  in  office  long  enough  to  afford  time  to 
form  a  new  Constitution,  and  perform  the  function  of  the  Executive 
Department. 

"The  Judiciary  and  the  officers  connected  with  the  Courts  would  ex- 
perience no  interruption  of  their  powers,  and  all  the  officers  who  de- 
rive their  appointments  annually  from  the  Executive  are  impowered 
under  the  forty-ninth  article  of  the  Constitution,  to  hold  their  offices 
until  they  are  superseded  by  the  appointments  of  others. 

"The  laws,  therefore,  would  be  administered — civil  i-ights  and  private 
property  properly  protected,  and  the  peace  of  the  community  pre- 
served, by  all  the  means  now  employed  for  that  purpose.  In  the  mean 
time  the  powers  which  have  been  delegated  to  us,  will  revert  to  the 
people,  in  whose  integrity,  virtue,  patriotism,  and  intelligence,  we 
have  the  most  entire  confidence  ;  and  we  doubt  not  but  that  they, 
guided  Ijy  the  spirit  that  animated  our  fathers  in  seventy-six,  will  pro- 
vide for  every  exigency  that  may  arise.  Before  any  inconvenience 
can  be  experienced,  the  sovereign  power  of  the  people  of  Maryland 
will  be  employed,  liy  means  of  a  convention  to  reform  our  Constitu- 
tion, so  as  not  to  justify  a  recurrence  of  a  similar  contingency,  by  bas- 
ing all  its  departments  on  sound  Republican  principles,  so  as  to  secure 
equality  of  political  rights,  and  a  just  resprnsibility  in  all  public  offi- 
cers, to  poi:)iilar  will. 

"To  prevent  misapprehensions,  we  have  submitted  our  prepositions 
in  writing,  and  its  manifest  justice  gives  us  every  reason  to  expect 
that  you  yield  to  it,  a  ready  assent.  We  hope  you  do  not  desire  to 
leave  the  State  without  a  Senate,  unless  you  are  permitted  to  select 
all  its  members, — as  well  for  counties  you  represent  as  those  counties 
and  cities  represented  by  us.  Nor  can  we  believe  that  you  will  ask  us 
to  join  you  in  the  Electoral  College,  and  be  passive  spectators  of  your 
proceedings,  merely  to  witness  the  degredation  of  our  constituents, 
by  your  choice  of  a  Senate  for  205,932  people,  whose  representatives 
you  are  not.  We  ask  only  what  we  think  is  right,  and  are  determined 
to  submit  to  nothing  that  is  wrong.  To  our  propositions  we  respect- 
fully ask  an  answer  at  your  earliest  convenience. 

"And  whatever  may  be  your  response,  we  cannot  doubt  your  con- 
currence with  us  in  the  perfect  conviction  of  the  competency  of  the 
people  to  accept  a  surrender  of  the  Legislative  functions  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  that  deeply  embued  with  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and 
justice,  and  guided  by  the  lights  of  experience  they  will,  through  the 
instrumentality  of  a  Convention,  so  adjust  and  apportion   them  as  to 


248  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

secure  the  inestimable  blessings  of  a  republican  government.     We 
are,  very  respectfully, 

Gentlemen,  Yours,  &c., 

Charles  Macgill,  Ephraim  Bel!, 

Eobert  Wason,  Robert  T.  Keene, 

Caspar  Quynn,  Enoch  George, 

John  Fisher,  M.  Fountain, 

Joshua  Vansant,  John  B.  Thomas, 

Thomas  Hope,  Sprigg  Harwood, 

Samuel  Sutton,  John  S.  Sellman, 

John  Evans,  "Wesley  Linthicura, 

George  A.  Thomas,  Wash'n.  Duvall, 

George  Ellicott, 
"To Messrs.  Heard,  Leigh,  Vickers,  Gale,  Gaither,  Kent,  Dalrymple, 
Williams,  Handy,  Spence,  Franklin,  Dickinson,   Dudley,    Hicks, 
Lake,  Pratt,  Duvall,  Merrick,  Brawner,  Bruce,  and  Beall." 

"Annapolis,  September  16th,  1826,  P.  M. 
"Gentlemen,  We  are  anxious  to  elect  a  Senate,  and  for  the  promo- 
tion of  this  object,  we  sent  certain  propositions  to  you,  for  your  con- 
sideration, and  selected  Colonel  Heard  as  tlie  organ  of  communica- 
tion, knowing  him  to  be  an  old  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  an 
Elector  returned  for  the  County  of  St.  Mary's  which  is  always  first 
called  from  priority.  Colonel  Heard  returned  this  paper  stating  that 
he  had  no  authority  to  act,  and,  therefore,  declined  presenting  it  to 
his  political  associates.  We  have,  therefore,  to  request  of  you, 
whether  you  will  receive  any  communication  from  us — and  to  indicate 
the  manner  in  which  you  would  prefer  to  receive  communications 
from  us. 

We  are  Gentlemen, 

Very  Respectfully  Yours,  &c. 
Charles  Macgill,  Robert  T.  Keene, 

Robei't  Wason,  M.  Fountain, 

Casper  Quynn,  JohnErans. 

John  Fisher,  George  A.  Thomas. 

George  Ellicott,  Washington  Duvall, 

Ephraim  Bell,  John  B.  Thomas, 

Joshua  Vansant,  Enoch  George, 

Sprigg  Harwood,  John  S.  Sellman, 

Thomas  Hope,  Wesley  Linthicum, 

Samuel  Sutton, 
"To  Messrs.  Heard,  Leigh,  Vickers,  Gale,  Gaither,  Kent,  Dalrymple, 
Williams,   Handy,  Spence,  Franklin,    Dickinson,   Dudley,  Hicks, 
Lake,  Pratt,  Duvall,  Merrick,  Brawner,  Bruce,  and  Beall." 

"Annapolis,  September  21st,  1836. 
"At  one  o'clock,  p.  m.,  the  Democratic  Republican  members  of  the 
Electoral  College  again  assembled,  when  Charles  McGill.  of  Washing- 
ton county,  resumed  the  Chair,  and  George  A.  Thomas,  of  Cecil 
county,  acted  as  Secretary,  whereupon  the  following  proceedings  were 
had : 


History  OF   Annapolis.  349* 

"Contrary  to  our  reasonable  hopes  and  expectations,  the  other  Elec- 
tors having  refused  even  to  receive  or  reply  to  the  propositions  which 
we  have  thought  proper  to  suljmit,  formally  and  inlonnally,  in  letters 
addressed  to  all  of  them,  and  in  conversations  held  by  individual  mem- 
bers of  this  meeting,  with  individual  members  of  the  other  branch  of 
the  Electoral  College,  and  other  Electors  having  moreover,  made  to 
us,  or  to  any  one  of  us,  no  propositions  whatever,  calculated  to  restore 
to  the  people  of  Maryland,  through  the  medium  of  the  Legishiture, 
the  right  to  revise  and  amend  the  constitution  ;  and  this  meeting 
being  fully  convinced  that  we  have  no  alternative  left  but  to  adjourn, 
or  to  submit  to  the  selection  of  a  Senate  opposed  to  those  reforms,  both 
of  the  constitution  and  of  the  administration  of  the  government  of  the 
State,  which  our  constituents  desire  to  see  accomplished — Therefore, 

"Resolve  this  meeting  do  now  adjourn. 

CHARLES  McCIILL,  President. 

George  A.  Thomas,  vSecretary." 

The  calm  at  Annapolis  whilst  this  peaceful  revolution  was  in  pro- 
gress was  in  strong  contrast  with  the  excitement  prevailing  in  other 
parts  of  the  State.  People  generally  felt  a  political  catastrophe  was 
at  hand  Avhich  threatened  the  destruction  of  property  and  govern- 
ment, and  with  these  direful  forebodings  the  timid  saw  impending 
and  overwhelming  evil,  Avhilst  the  courageous  prepared  to  meet  the 
coming  danger  with  heroic  effort. 

In  many  places  in  the  State  public  meetings  were  held.  At  Balti- 
more, an  immense  gathering  of  citizens  denounced  the  nineteen  in 
forcible  terms,  and  similar  meetings  followed  in  Washington,  Freder- 
ick, and  Allegany  counties,  at  which  all  pledged  themselves  to  sustain 
the  supremacy  of  the  law.  On  the  18th  of  October,  the  grand  jury  of 
Allegany  county  presented  tlie  nineteen  electors  "as  unfaithful  public 
agents  and  disturbers  of  the  pul)lic  peace." 

In  the  interim,  whilst  the  whig  electors  remained  out  of  the  College, 
and  awaited  events,  the  presidential  election  was  held.  On  the  day 
following,  November  8th,  Governor  Thomas  W.  Veazey  issued  a  pro- 
clamation denouncing  in  severe  terms  the  conduct  of  the  "recusant 
electors  and  their  abettors,"  calling  on  the  civil  and  military  authori- 
ties to  be  in  readiness  to  maintain  the  law,  and  convening  tlie  old 
Senate  and  House  of  Delegates  to  assemble  on  the  31st  of  November. 

The  proclamation  addeil  greatly  to  the  excitement  in  the  State,  and 
was  responded  to  cordially.  One  company,  the  Planter's  Guards, 
tendered  their  services  to  the  executive  to  support  the  authority  of 
law.     Happily  their  aid  was  never  required. 

Although  the  nineteen,  Major  Sprigg  Harwood,  who  lived  at  An- 
napolis, alone  excepted,  had  left  the  capital,  steamboat  load  after 
steamboat  load  of  people  came  to  the  city,  in  the  spirit  of  some  vague 
knight  errantry,  hopeful  that  they  might  by  some  means  influence  the 
nineteen  to  absolve  their  resolve. 

The  strain,  as  shown  by  Major  Harwood's  statement,  proved  too 
great  for  the  nerves  of  John  S.  Sellman,  of  Anne  Arundel,  or  else  the 
specific  promises  he  received  were  inducement  enough  to  make  him  re- 
pent, early  in  October,  his  determination  not  to  take  part  in  the  elec- 
tion of  a  Senate.  He  was  followed  by  Wesley  Linthicum,  of  the  same 
county,  on  November  12th.     Sellman  signified  this  intention  by  letter 


250  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

to  his  associates  in  tiie  coinmunieation  of  the  lOtli  of  September  to 
the  twenty-one  whig  electors. 

The  election  of  Delegates  to  the  House  hastened  the  dissolution  of 
the  coml)ination.  Sixty  whigs  and  Ijut  nineteen  Van  Buren,  or  demo- 
cratic delegates,  were  returned.  The  Anne  Arundel,  Queen  Anne's, 
and  Caroline  county  electors  regarded  the  elections  in  their  counties, 
as  instructions  from  their  constituents,  and  November  19th,  Mr. 
Wesley  Linthicum,  of  Anne  Arundel  county.  Dr.  Enoch  George  and 
John  B.  Thomas,  of  Queen  Anne's  county,  and  Marcy  Fountain,  of 
Caroline  county,  all  of  "the  glorious  nineteen,"  a|)peared,  and  also 
qualified  as  Senatorial  electors.  The  College,  theii  composed  of 
twenty-six  members,  proceeded  to  elect  a  Senate. 

On  the  25th  of  Jsoveraber,  Governor  Veazey  sent  a  special  message 
to  the  General  Assembly  on  this  subject  in  wliich  he  declared  "'the  an- 
nals of  party  contention  and  political  errors  and  aberations  from  duty" 
«•  »  «■  "would  be  searched  in  vain  for  a  case  of  such  j)lain  and  pal- 
pable violation  of  constitutional  duty  and  moral  ol)ligations  as  the 
conduct  of  the  recusant  electors  of  the  Senate  of  Maryland  exhibits." 
He  regretted  no  statue  existed  to  meet  such  an  emergency  and  sug- 
gested tlie  passage  of  one. 

But  the  revolt  had  crystalized  pul)lic  ojiiuion  on  the  subject  of  the 
needed  reforms  in  State  government  and  the  measures  for  which  the 
democrats  contended  were  generally  conceded  Ijy  the  Lcirislature.  One 
was  the  election  of  the  Governor  by  the  people.  The  democrats 
thereu|inn  held  tnis  office,  with  but  one  exception,  from  that  date 
down  to  1857.  There  being  no  statutory  punishment  for  their  offence, 
the  whigs  who  generally  had  control  of  the  Senate,  visited  an  unwrit- 
ten penalty  on  "the  glorious  nuieteen."  Xo  matter  to  what  office 
one  of  them  was  ever  appointed  by  the  Governor,  a  whig  Senate  would 
invariably  reject  the  appointment. 


CHAPTER  LI. 
'MOE   MoRGrE." 

The  Jlaryland  RepuhUcan,  of  August,  1836,  contained  the  obitu- 
ary of  a  very  remarkable  character.     The  article  read  : 

^'Mr.  Joseph  Simmons,  the  oldest  inhabitant  of  this  city,  departed 
this  life  on  Sunday  evening  last,  at  the  moment  the  church  bell  tolled 
for  three  o'clock — that  bell  which  from  time  inunemorial  he  had  him- 
self tolled  regularly  five  or  six  times  every  day.  There  lives  not  tliis 
day  a  native  of  Annapolis,  nay,  h.irdly  any  one  that  has  ever  dwelt 
amongst,  or  sojourned  witiiin  our  borders,  that  will  not  on  meeting 
this  melauclioly  note,  recall  tlie  web  known  sound  of  our  church  bell 
and  the  striking  figure  of  the  old  man  that  has  so  punctually  attended 
to  the  precise  moment  of  ringing  the  hour  ever  since  the  oldest  of  us 
can   remember.     'Ere   the  church  was  a  ruin,"  on  the  spot,  where  the 


History  of  Annapolis.  251 

present  venerable  edifice  now  stands,  old  Joseph  was  bell  ringer.  Xot 
one  man  that  ever  has  been  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  Executive, 
•or  Superior  Judiciary  of  tlie  State  of  Maryland,  not  a  student  of  St. 
John's  College,  or  a  scholar  of  our  humbler  schools,  but  will  remem- 
ber the  well  known  summons  which  his  bell  gave  them  alternately  to 
duties  and  to  relaxation.     Alas  I  old  Joseph  rings  no  more. 

"Whether  it  was  by  the  influence  of  association  that  he  had  ac- 
quired the  habit  of  punctuality,  we  pretend  not  to  determine,  but 
Mr.  S.  had  deservedly  obtained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the 
most  punctual  of  men. 

"This  estimable  quality  he  carried  into  the  several  departments  of 
his  pursuits  in  life.  As  a  collector  of  accounts,  which  before  he  be- 
■came  too  infirm  he  was  considerably  employed  in,  he  was  proverbial  for 
recollecting  and  attending  to  the  very  moment  appointed. 

"The  same  valuable  precision  was  carried  by  him  into  the  perfor- 
mances of  the  duties  of  Sexton,  which  he  filled  perhaps  for  the  last 
forty  years. 

"But  it  was  at  grave  digging,  that  the  deceased  enjoved  the  dis- 
tinction of  having  held  an  office  longer  than  perhaps  any  man  ever 
did,  nay,  possibly  ever  will  do,  in  this  State.  Undisturbed  by  the 
violence  of  those  party  contentions  which  would  seem  to  spare  no  place 
however  humble,  unmoved  even  by  the  tide  of  revolution  itself,  by 
wnich  allegiance  was  dissolved  and  a  new  and  glorious  nation  was 
created,  he  held  the  prerogatives  and  performed  the  duties  of  grave 
digger  to  our  community  ;  for  with  honest  pride  we  record  it,  we  have 
here  but  one  general  receptable  for  the  dead.  In  that  single  field  is 
buried  all  social  distinctions.  Long  before  this  field,  now  studded  over 
with  grave  stones,  on  many  of  which  the  thick  moss  of  a  former  cen- 
tury has  accumulated,  was  disturbed  to  deposit  the  relics  of  the  dead, 
was  this  old  man  our  grave  digger.  Of  all  the  vast  concourse  in  this 
gi-ave  yard  reposing,  his  hand" has  prepared  and  rounded  the  graves. 
At  length,  sinking  under  the  accumulated  weight  of  nearly  one  hun- 
dred years,  he  is  quietly  deposited  as  one  amongst  the  multitude  his 
labours  had  gathered 'together.  Accordingly  to  his  last,  and  often 
repeated  injunction,  he  is  laid  close  by  the  side  of  him  that  in  this  life  he 
loved  the  most,  and,  at  whose  death,  was  well  known  all  over  America, 
fifty  years  ago,  as  the  famous  inn  keeper  at  Annapolis,  and  for  whose 
ample  table,  it  was  the  province  of  this,  his  then  faithful  steward,  to 
market  and  provide. 

"Amidst  the  many  peculiarities  of  character  that  distinguished  the 
deceased,  some  of  which  no  doubt  grew  one  of  an  occupation  that 
seventy  or  eightv  years  had  made  perfectly  familiar  to  him,  though 
spoken  and  even  'thought  of  with  a  strange  superstition,  awe  and 
aversion  by  some  "grown  up  children," — amidst  all  his  peculiarities 
we  say,  none  were  more  distinct  than  his  strict  veracity,  honesty,  and 
•sobriety." 

This'obituary  of  Simmons  sharply  defines  the  aged  sexton  s  char- 
acter. There  come  down  to  us  to  color  the  silhouette,  anecdotes  of. 
his  oddities  and  peculiaiities. 

Simmons  is  yet  remembered  by  some  who  live  in  Anna]iolis.  When 
he  had  reached  a  centennarian's  age,  he  was  an  object  of  interest  to 
all.  With  his  white  hair  flowing  over  his  shoulders,  his  aged  form 
tottering  with  the  weight  of  years,  his  shackling  step,  and  the  som- 


252  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

brenessof  his  occupation,  he  presented  to  the  mind  the  apparition  of 
Old  Time  himself,  lacking  only  the  emblematic  scythe  to  make  the 
picture  complete. 

It  was  such  a  character  that  gave  a  thrill  of  terror  to  tlie  juvenile 
mind  whenever  he  came  in  sight,  for  it  was  the  belief  of  the  children 
that  if  Simmons  looked  at  one  and  said  :  "I  want  you,"  the  day  of 
doom  for  it  was  fixed.  Having  occasion  then  to  pass  the  aged  sex- 
ton, the  children  were  wont  to  don  their  most  courteous  graces,  and 
with  unusual  politeness  to  simper  in  softest  accents — "How  do,  Mr. 
Morgue?"  This  nickname,  and  that  it  was  one  the  children  were 
quite  ignorant  of,  always  infuriated  Simmons,  as  the  astonished  chil- 
dren found  l)y  the  sexton's  vigorous  replies  that  they  had  missed  their 
mark,  and  had  produced  an  effect  just  opposite  from  what  they  had 
intended. 

Tlie  spirit  of  Simmons'  occupation  became  more  and  more  a  part  of 
him  as  his  years  grew  apace.  He  had  been  known  after  somebody  had 
offended  him  to  pass  an  innocent  gentleman  on  the  street  and  to  take 
a  ghastly  satisfaction  in  hissing  at  him,  "I'll  have  you  someday,"  in 
a  tone  that  indicated  that  he  thought,  with  him,  remained  the  issues 
of  life  and  death. 

Simmons,  however,  had  a  genial  side  to  that  grim  nature  that  made 
him  a  terror  to  young  people  and  an  offence  to  older  folk.  Amongst 
other  duties  that  ai^pertained  to  that  of  sexton  ot  St.  Anne's,  was  the 
ringing  of  "the  one  o'clock  bell."  On  one  occasion,  as  he  was  going 
into  church  on  that  duty,  a  lady  said  to  him,  "Oh,  Mr.   Simmons,  do 

not  ring  that  bell  until  I  get  home.     Mr.  likes  everybody  to 

be  iTady  to  sit  down  to  dinner  at  one."  "Well,  then,"  replied  Sim- 
mons brusquely,  "walk  fast."  As  the  lady  put  her  foot  on  the  first 
step  of  the  porch  of  her  house  which  was  in  the  extreme  end  of  the 
town,  the  bell  of  Old  St.  Anne's  rang  out  the  hour  of  one.  Simmons 
had  arrested  the  march  of  time  to  please  his  fair  petitioner. 

It  was  Simmons'  habit  when  the  clergyman  ended  the  service  for 
the  dead  at  the  grave  to  give  a  hearty, "••Amen."  There  lived  at  An- 
napolis at  this  period,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wyatt.  He  was  of  tlie  Episcopal 
Communion  with  strong  Methodistic  tendencies.  On  one  occasion  when 
Parson  Wyatt,  as  he  was  familiarly  known,  was  reading  the  service, 
some  boys  offended  Simmons  and  he  vented  his  wrath  in  language  not 
permitted  by  the  decalogue.  The  minister  and  sexton  finished  speak- 
ing together,  and  Sinunons  ejaculated  "Amen."  Parson  Wyatt 
waited  until  the  attendants  at  the  funeral  had  departed,  and,  taking 
his  cane  in  hand,  shook  it  in  Simmons'  face,  saying — "Don't  you  ever 
dare  to  stand  along  side  of  me  again  and  say  ainen  to  any  service  I 
perform."  Simmons,  pointing  to  the  other  side  of  the  grave  as  if  the 
question  at  issue  was  one  of  position  only,  angrily  retorted— "Well 
then  go  over  on  the  other  side." 

Col.  Mann,  whom  Simmons  had  faithfully  served  for  years  as  caterer 
to  Mann's  Hotel,  had  touched  the  chords  of  his  affection.  Over  his 
grave  alone,  of  all  the  human  dust  he  had  interred,  Simmons  wept. 

One  incident  has  come  down  to  us  that  does  not  reflect  his  charac- 
ter in  an  enviable  light.  There  was  in  Annapolis  one  familliarly  called, 
"Jeffrey  Jig,"  (from  whom  Jeffrey's  Point  took  its  name,)  who  with 
"Jinny  Corncracker."  his  wife,  lived  at  the  foot  of  Duke  of  Glouces- 
ter street  in  a  little  hut  so  small  they  could  not  stand  in  it  erect.  Jef- 


Histor'y  of  Annapolis.  253 

Irey  periodicall^v  fell  into  a  comatose  state  and  was  several  times  pre- 
pared for  interment ,  but  always  awoke  in  time  to  prevent  the  funeral. 
On  one  occasion  his  resuscitation  was  deferred  until  he  was  placed  in 
the  grave.  Then  as  the  grim  sexton  threw  in  the  clods  of  the  val- 
ley, a  noise  was  heard  in  the  coffin.  The  bystanders  said  Jeffrey  was 
alive.  Hardly  realizing,  let  us  believe,  that  the  dead  was  alive,  Sim- 
mons continued  to  fill  up  the  grave,  tradition  says  with  the  remark  : 
"He's  got  to  die  sometime  ;  and  if  he  was  not  dead,  he  ought  to  be," 


CHAPTER  LII. 
Chrojsicles  of  Axxapolis  from  1810  to  1839. 

[1810-12.]  During  the  years  1810-12,  tradition  tells  us  George 
Frederick  Cooke,  the  brilliant  and  dissolute  English  actor  played  in 
the  Annapolis  theatre. 

[1S18.]  Rev.  Kalph  Higginbotham,  vice-principal  of  St.  John's 
College,  diedxVpril  21. 

In  October,  Dr.  D.  Claude  and  Lewis  Duval  were  elected  delegates 
from  Annapolis  to  the  Legislature.  The  vote  was  Dr.  Claude  157  ; 
Lewis  Duvall  157  ;  T.  H.  Bowie  90.  The  two  fii-st  were  Democrats  ; 
the  last  a  Federalist. 

[1S14.]  Dr.  Upton  Scott,  aged  90  years,  died  in  Annapolis,  on  the 
23rd  of  February.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  but  had  resided  in 
Annapolis  00  years.  His  career  was  one  of  unbroken  virtue,  dignity, 
and  usefulness.     He  was  the  chosen  friend  of  Gen.  Wolfe. 

[1815.]  On  Saturday,  February  25,  1815,  a  company  of  Pennsyl- 
vanians,  from  the  neighborhood  of  Brownsville,  and  commanded  by 
Capt.  Giesey,  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service.  They  won 
a  high  reputation  among  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  for  their  good 
conduct  and  scrupulous  regard  for  the  rights  of  tlie  citizens. 

[181G.]  On  Saturday,  the  IGth  of  March,  His  Britannic  Majesty's 
frigate  Xiger,  of  32  guns,  Capt.  Jackson,  arrived  off  Annapolis,  with 
the  Hon.  Henry  Bagot,  Minister  to  the  United  States,  his  lady  and 
suite.  The  frigate  gave  the  town  a  salute  of  17  guns,  which  was  re- 
turned by  the  City  Battery.  The  Ministerial  party  landed  the  next 
day.  under  a  salute  from  the  sliip,  and  proceeded  to  Washington. 

Pulilic  feeling  ran  very  high  in  the  spring  of  this  year  over  an  al- 
leged attempt  on  the  part  of  the  federalist  to  colonize  the  town  with 
permanent  residents  of  federal  proclivities  so  as  to  carry  the  city  for 
the  Federalist  Party.  The  democrats  held  a  public  meeting,  in  which 
the  scheme  was  denounced  in  a  string  of  resolutions.  Party  animosi- 
ties were  so  bitter  when  the  pedagogue  of  the  town,  one  Mr.  Bassford, 
changed  his  politics  from  democrat  to  federalist,  his  school  became  so 
reduced  in  numbers  he  had  to  quit  the  town. 

On  Thursday,  May  23,  the  U.  S.  S.  Washington,  74  guns.  Com. 
Chauncey  arrived  oft"  Annapolis.     President  Madison  and  wife,  the 


254  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Cominodores  Rog'ers  and  Porter  came  to  An- 
napolis, "stopping  at  Caton's.  (now  the  City  Hotel,)  and  visited  the 
frigate.  On  June  7tli,  the  Washington  sailed,  having  on  hoard  the 
celebrated  William  Pinkney  and  his  family.  Mr.  Pinkncy  went  as 
minister  to  N;i[)les. 

At  the  election  for  delegates  to  tlie  Legislature  from  Annapolis  this 
year  the  federalists  reduced  the  democratic  majority.     The  vote  was  : 

Federalists,  Alex.  C.  Magruder,  91  ;  Richard  Ilarwood,  of  Thos.  90. 
Democrats,  Lewis  Dnvall  109  :  Dennis  Claude  109. 

[1817.]  The  question  of  removirg  the  capital  to  Baltimore  was 
agitated  m  the  Tjegislature  of  1817  and  referred  to  the  next  assembly. 

The  strongest  i)oint  made  airainst  proposed  removal  was  the  mob  in 
Baltimore  in  1812,  when  Lingan  was  killed. 

Christopher  Hohne,  at  the  same  session,  was  voted  fifty  dollars  for 
venturing  his  life  by  going  on  the  roof  of  the  State  House  to  extin- 
guish a  fii"e. 

Fort  Severn  at  this  period  was  put  in  an  excellent  state  of  repair 
under  the  supervision  of  Capt.  James  Reed,  assisted  byLieuts.  Bache 
and  Smook.  Fort  Madison,  at  same  time  lay.  in  a  state  of  dismantled 
desuetude. 

On  the  14th  of  August,  Mrs.  Ann  Ogle,  died  at  the  advanced  age 
of  94  years.  Her  remains  were  interred  in  the  family  vault  at  Wliite 
Hall,  at  the  seat  of  Horatio  Ridout,  Esq. 

The  quaint  cut  of  a  steamI)oat  appears  in  the  (razette  of  September 
18,1817.  It  seems  there  was  a  very  just  suspicion  in  the  minds  of 
the  public  that  steamboats  were  not  altocrether  the  safest  mode  of 
conveyance.  So  the  proprietors,  George  Stiles  &  Son.  of  Baltimore, 
advertised  that  the  Surprise's  l:'oilers,  which  steamer  ran  bctwee': 
Baltimore  and  Annapolis,  "will  be  proved  every  month  to  bear  double 
the  pressure  at  which  they  are  worked.'"  It  was  propelled  by  an  en- 
gine on  the  rotary  motion,  and  moved  "with  more  ease  and  swiftness 
than  any  steamboat  in  the  United  State." 

The  subject  of  a  naval  depot  at  Annapolis  was  agitated  in  Novem- 
ber, 1817.  A  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Hughes  and  Stephen, 
was  appointed  by  the  corporation  to  memoralize  the  general  govern- 
ment on  the  subject  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  ad- 
dressed a  long  conununication  in  which  it  was  stated  that  "Annapolis 
is,  from  its  situation,  more  accessible  from  the  ocean  than  any  other 
port  within  a  convenient  distance  from  the  city  of  Washington.  It 
has  been  spontaneously  selected  by  the  ministers  from  foreign  provi- 
nces for  their  places  of  landing  and  oiir  OAvn  envoys  have  "generally 
made  it  the  point  of  their  departure." 

The  memorialists  also  told  how  the  French  74,  L'Eole,  drawing 
twenty-one  feet,  seven  inches,  had  come  in  the  harbor  of  Annapolis  in 
1807.  when  the  tide  was  not  at  its  height,  and  that  one  mile  above. 
Fort  Severn^  the  river  was  50  feet  deep. 

[1818.]  .January  34,  a  meeting  was  held  in  Annapolis  looking  to 
the  formation  of  a  branch  society  to  colonize,  with  their  consent  the 
free  colored  people  of  the  United  States  in  Africa. 

The  Legislature  of  1818  showed  no  disposition  to  move  the  capital 
to  Baltimore,  although  the  corporation  of  Baltnnore  pledged  all  the 
funds  necessary  to  erect  public  buildings  in  case  the  capital  was  re- 
•moved.  An  elfort  to  remove  the  capital  to  Baltimore,  was  also  made 
n  1864.     It  was  again  unsuccessful.     The  location  of  the  seat  of 


History  of  Annapolis.  255 

government  at  Annapolis  is  now  a  part  of  the  organic  law  of  the 
State. 

On  the  28th  of  May.  President  Monroe  visited  Annapolis  and  was 
received  by  Jolm  Randall,  Mayor  of  Annapolis,  and  pri'scMited  with  a 
series  of  complimentary  resolutions  by  the  City  Council,  and  was  given 
a  Ijanquet  Ijy  the  citizens.  The  President  visited  Fort  Severn  where  he 
was  saluted  with  cannon.  He  then  sailed  up  the  Severn  on  the  revenue 
cutter  Active,  as  far  as  lloinid  Bay,  to  obtain  a  view  of  the  river. 
He  remained  until  Saturday  morning,  the  30th. 

At  the  election  in  October  to  select  delegates  to  the  Legislature 
from  Annapolis,  the  following  was  the  vote  ;  Democrats — Dr.  Dennis 
Claude  143.  John  Stephen  135  ;  Federals— Robt.  Welch  of  Ben.  113, 
Addison  Ridout  107. 

[1819.]  The  question  of  changing  the  charter  of  Annapolis,  which 
had  remained  almost  untouched  since  its  grant  by  Queen  Anne  in  1708^ 
arose  in  1819.  A  writer  declared  "its  provisions  are  of  the  most 
odious  kind,  and  in  the  highest  degree  repugnant  to  the  sentiments, 
the  feelings,  and  the  wishes  of  the  independent  citizens  of  a  free  re- 
public. In  the  true  spirit  of  aristocracy,  it  permits  none  but  free- 
holders to  hold  the  office  of  mayor,  alderman,  or  common  councilman, 
and  denies  to  our  citizens  the  privilege  of  election  more  than  one  of 
the  branches  of  government."  Vacancies  in  the  board  of  aldermen 
were  filled  by  the  common  council,  out  of  their  own  body,  and  also 
the  Mayor  was  elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  the  two  branches,  out  of  the 
board  of  common  council.  The  charter  was  pronounced  "one  of  the 
most  aristocratical  and  absurd  charters  that  ever  disgraced  the  land 
of  freedom."  The  movement  was  successful,  and  by  act  of  December 
session,  1818,  chapter  194,  the  charter  of  the  city  was  altered  and 
amended.  On  the  fifth,  the  first  Monday  in  April,  1819,  the  first 
election  under  the  new  city  charter  occurred,  and  the  following  were 
elected  to  fill  the  respective  offices  : 

Mayor — Lewis  Duvall. 

Recorder — Thomas  H.  Carroll. 

Alderman — James  Hunter,  Francis  Hollingsworth,  John  Randall, 
Sr.,  Henry  Duvall,  Alex.  C.  Magruder. 

Common  Councilmen — John  T.  Barber,  Geo.  Schwrar,  Joseph  Sands, 
Washingron  Gr.  Tuck,  William  M'Parlin,  Henry  Magruder,  James- 
Shaw. 

Sunday  schools  were  opened  in  Ajinapolis,  in  April,  1818.  The 
number  of  scholars  entered  during  the  year  was  64.  The  colored 
scholars  numbered  over  20.  The  schools  were  under  the  charge  of  one 
directress  and  four  superintendents,  with  a  number  of  ladies,  acting 
in  roiation,  as  teachers.  The  school  .does  not  seem  to  have  been 
denominational. 

In  this  year,  the  time  appears  most  vague  from  the  indefinite  terms 
used  by  the  correspondents  from  whom  the  facts  are  taken,  tiie  col- 
lector of  the  United  States,  at  Annap»lis,  had  possession  of  certain 
goods,  taken  from  a  British  vessel,  on  a  charge  of  smuggling.  The 
state  court  issued  a  writ  of  replevin.  The  high  sheriif  of  Ainie  Arun- 
del proceeded  to  serve  the  writ,  and  the  collector  sent  to  Fort  Severn, 
and  when  the  sheriff  attempted  to  take  the  goods,  he  and  his  posse 
were  met  by  a  United  States  officer  and  a  file  of  soldiers  standing  be- 
tween him  and  the  goods.  The  excitement  amongst  the  citizens  of 
Annapolis  was  intense.     A  number  armed  themselves,  and  executed 


■250  '  '  T  u  E  Ancient  City.'' 

the  writ  in  spite  of  the  soldiers,  "nor  was  it  without  considerable 
personal  exertion  on  the  part  of  gentlemen  holding  high  judicial  aud 
.executive  offices  under  the  state,  that  the  tumult  was  prevented  from 
becoming  more  serious  and  fatal." 

[1820.]  The  Religious  and  Literary  Repository  was  commenced  in 
Annapolis  on  Saturday  January  15,  1820.  It  was  edited  by  a  Society 
of  Laymen,  members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  Its  life 
seemed  to  have  i>een  of  short  duration. 

February  28,  Charles  Carroll,  of  Ca,:-rolton.  living  then  at  Annapolis, 
at  the  i-ipe  old  age  of  82,  was  represented  as  a  striking  instance  "of 
activity  of  body,  and  energy  of  mind,  evidencing  a  constitution  pre- 
served by  the  strictest  discipline,  which  promises  him  long  to  "this 
country  and  the  community  of  which  he  has  long  been  considered  the 
most  venerable  and  distinguished  ornament.  His  mansion  has  given 
celebrity  to  the  hospitality  of  Maryland,  t)y  being  open  to  distin- 
guished visitors  from  every  quarter  of  the  union  and  every  civilized 
•country  of  the  globe.  The  utility  of  his  public  life  is  gilded  by  the 
peaceful  beams  of  his  declining  years.  A  worthy  associate  of  those 
men  whose  names  are  engraved  ujwn  a  bolder  monument  than  the 
pyramids  of  Egypt." 

On  Tuesday  morning,  September  28,  the  II.  B.  M.  Frigate  Spartan, 
arrived  at  Annapolis  having  on  l)oard  Stratford  Canning,  Esq. ,  the 
British  Minister,  and  Mr.  Charles  F.  Wilmot,  his  secretary.  Fort 
Severn  and  the  frigate  exchanged  saints. 

[1821.]  Acts  of  December  session,  1820,  chapter  67,  provided  for 
the  building  of  the  present  Court  House  in  Annapolis.  The  commis- 
sioners to  superintend  the  building  were  Richard  Ridgely,  Thomas  B. 
Dorsey,  Samuel  Brown,  Jr.,  Henry  Woodward,  Lancelot  Warfield, 
Thomas  Hodges,  Rezin  Estep  Joseph  McCeney,  Jamer  P.  Soaper, 
Francis  Hancock,  John  T.  Barber,  and  Richard  Harwood,  of  Thomas. 
Twelve  thousand  dollars  was  the  limit  of  the  levy  to  be  made  for  the 
-Court  House. 

October  10th.  Wra.  Kilty,  aged  Qi  years.  Chancellor  of  the  State, 
died.     Hon.  .John  Johnson  was  appointed  Chancellor  in  his  stead. 

[1822.]  It  is  not  uninteresting  and  will  have  a  mollifying  eifect  on 
those  v.'ho  believe  that  rings  political,  only  in  these  latter  days,  en- 
.cireled  the  body  politic,  to  hear  Mr.  John  C.  Weems,  of  Elk  Ridge, 
openly  under  his  own  signature  declare  against  the  "Star  Chamber  of 
Annapolis,  where  it  is  believed  by  tho-e  few  keepers  of  the  State,  and 
more  particularly  of  this  congressional  district,  that  no  man  can  be 
found  as  well  calculated  to  support  their  contest,  as  my  friend  Doctor 
Kent,  who  by  Mr.  Howard's  account,  has  been  brought  out  in  direct 
opposition  to  myself,  although  he  assured  me  four  years  ago,  he  never 
would  be  again  in  my  way,  and  although  he  last  vear  assured  General 
Marriott,  he  would  not  be  in  his  way."  The  writer  further  iiulicates 
that  the  "Annapolis-Junto,  "as  he  styles  the  unnamed  State  Managers 
of  that  day,  had  already  laid  out  a  plan  of  elections  by  the  people  pre- 
cisely in  the  order,  it  is  currently  -eported  and  generallv  Iwlieved,  that 
the  political  leaders  parcel  out  beforehand  posititions  and  places  to- 
day. 

Septemljei-  15th,  at  the  early  age  of  38,  Jehu  Chandler,  a  native  of 
Delaware,  l)ut  for  the  previous  thirteen  years  a  resident  of  Annapolis, 
and  editor  of  the  Republican,  died. 


H  1  s  T  »  R  Y  ov  Annapolis.  257 

The  idty  election  on  Monday,  October  1822,  presented  the  curions 
incident  of  two  men  running  before  the  people  for  two  offices  each  on 
the  same  day.  Lewis  Duvall  was  a  candidate  for  Mayor  of  Annapolis 
and  delegate  to  the  Legislature  for  Annapolis.  To  the  former  office 
he  was  elected.  For  the  latter  he  was  defeated  by  the  following  vote  : 
Caucus — Jeremiah  Hughes  152.  Thomas  H.  Carroll  147.  Anti-Cau- 
cus— Col.  Lewis  Duvall  139.  Thomas  H.  Carroll  was  also  elected  re- 
corder of  the  city  the  same  day. 

September  24th,  Dr.  Railerty,  Vice  Principal  of  St.  .John's  College, 
advertised  a  course  of  lectures  upon  Natural  Philosophy,  to  be  illus- 
trated with  experiments.  The  Philosophic  Apparatus  of  the  College 
at  this  time  had  cost  nearly  $5,000,  and  "was  made  by  the  first  artists 
in  London."  The  apparatus,  however,  did  not  arrive  in  time  and  the 
course  was  postponed  until  the  next  year. 

November  2,  Jeremiah  Hughes  took  charge  ot  the  Maryland  Repuh- 
lica/i.  as  proprietor. 

[1823.]  In  December  Session,  1822,  a  bill  was  passed  To  incorporate 
a  company  to  build  a  bridge  over  the  Severn  River.  Reverdy  John- 
son was  among  the  directors  to  open  books  for  subscription.  Thirty- 
five  thousand  dollars  was  the  amount  of  capital  stock  in  1400  shares  at 
$25  each.  The  structure  was  to  be  at  Ainiapolis  and  was  to  be  a  toll 
bridge.  The  draw  was  to  be  forty  feet  wide.  The  bridge  was  not 
then  built.  It  was  not  until  1886  that  this  bridge  was  finally  erected. 
The  County  Commissioners  who  executed  the  work  were  Wm.  Brewer 
Gardiner,  Arthur  Carr,  Wm.  P.  Baldwin,  Wm.  A.  Shipley,  and  Wm. 
Jones. 

In  this  year  Strawlterry  Hill  Farm,  now  the  Government  Farm,  op- 
posite Annapolis,  on  which  stood  for  many  years  the  Alms  House  of 
the  county,  was  sold  by  the  trustees  of  the  poor  for  $(i, 000.  The  trus- 
tees then  purchased  the  commodious  house  and  ten  acres  on  the  south 
S'de  of  South  River,  now  in  use,  as  the  Alms  House,  from  Mr.  Lari- 
more.  This  is  on  the  site  of  a  town  projected  in  the  early  history  of 
the  firovince  imder  the  ambitious  title  of  New  London. 

In  .Tune  of  this  year  the  committee,  to  which  was  referred  the  annual 
report  of  the  Mayor,  dismissed  the  question  of  police  for  the  city  saying 
that  ''if,  instead  of  one  city  constable,  three  men  of  good,  energetic,  firm, 
and  respectable  standing,  could  be  obtained,  and  give  them  $80  per 
annum  each,  who  should  at  all  times,  by  night  as  well  as  by  day.  pa- 
trol the  city,  and  particularly  on  the  Sabbath,  and  that  their  salary 
should  l^e  made  payable  quarter  yearly,  by  an  order  from  the  Mayor 
to  him,  they  should  weekly  report,  and  be  accountable  for  the  feace 
of  the  city.  But  when  your  committee  view  ♦^heir  fellow-citizens, 
with  respect  to  having  this  service  performed,  as  it  should  be  to  our 
city,  they  confess  themselves  under  conviction  that  it  would  be  ex- 
tremely difficult  to  find  men  possessing  the  necessary  qualifications." 
A  further  insight  into  the  state  of  local  affairs  is  seen  by  the  statement 
of  a  writer  in  the  public  press,  that  "one-third  of  the  revenue  of  this 
city  is  pocketed  by  those  holding  appointments  under  the  corpora- 
tion." 

Resolutions   were   introduced  in  the  Corporation  of  Annapolis  in 
January,  by  Mr.  Shaw,  for  subscribing  for  shares  of  stock  in  the  com- 
pany, incorporated  to  build  a  bridge  over  Severn  River. 
17 


258  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

As  an  evidence  of  the  scarcity  of  ready  money  in  the  Spring  of  1823, 
and  tlie  morality  of  the  county."  at  the  Ajiril  term  of  Court,  over  U80 
suits  were  brouglit  and  only  one  indictirent  found  Ity  the  Grand  .rury 
and  that  of  petty  larceny.  Anne  Arundel  at  this  time  was  the  third 
in  population  in  the  State,  havitii?  nearly  80.000  inhabitants.  It  was 
before  Howard  had  l)eeu  carved  out  of  Anne  Arundel. 

By  tlie  report  of  the  Mayor.  Lewis  Duvall,  made  in  April  of  this 
year,  it  is  learned  -'that  the  Police  of  the  city  is  too  nuicli  weakened, 
within  the  last  few  months,  by  the  discontinuance  of,  or  from  reducing' 
the  number  of  city-constables,  from  wliicli  period  the  city  a])pears  to 
have  relapsed  into  its  former  ])ropensities.  by  induldntr  in  riots  and 
noise  at  nights,  and  jramV)ling  on  tlie  .'^al)l)ath  and  other  days,  to  the 
annoyance  of  sundry  parts  of  the  city." 

An  article  written  for  tiie  3Iaryla)i,d Rt'puhJkaihOi  June  21st,  raises 
the  question,  and  jjarenthetically  answered  it,  wiiether.  or  not.  the  cele- 
brated Marshal  Ney  of  France,  was  not  "a  certain  Michael  Rudol[»h," 
of  Cecil  county.  Maryland,  who  had  served  with  distiuLruished  bravery 
as  a  Captain  in  Lee'sdragoons  during  the  Ameri-'ian  Revolutioti.  Xey's 
nejihew,  Edward  C.  Genet,  gave  the  true  piace  of  hi-i  birth  as  one  of 
the  German  departments  of  France,  in  17(50. 

The  pleasures  of  the  turf  in  Annapolis  were  attended  %vith  evils  that 
afflict  them  in  modern  days.  The  Mnrxjhind  Rp.])uhli,c(in,  of  October 
I8th,  says:  "It  is  with  pleasure  we  announce  that  the  members  of 
the  .Tockey  Club  have  reconsidered  their  articles  of  association  and 
abandoned  the  proposed  races  this  season.  If  there  be  any  advantage 
to  the  breed  of  horses,  in  such  sports  we  have  certainly  been  paying 
too  dear  a  price  for  that  advantage  in  the  sacrifice  of  time,  money, 
character,  and  morals  which  the  race  week  costs." 

[1824.]  A  census  of  the  population  of  Annapolis  was  taken  February 
1824,  The  popidation  was  2,500  including  the  United  States  Troops, 
in  Fort  Severn.     In  1820,  the  census  had  made  the  number  2.260. 

During  the  December  Session  of  the  Legislature,  of  1823,  protracted 
until  March,  the  question  of  the  right  of  the  soldiers,  stationed  at 
Fort  Severn,  to  vote  in  Annapolis  at  the  State  and  national  elections 
arose  in  the  General  Assembly.  Tlie  question  came  to  the  Legis- 
lature under  a  petition  from  the  fifty-one  men  stationed  at  the  Fort.  The 
Fort  was  then  in  the  corporate  limits  of  Annapolis.  The  judges  of 
election  in  the  preceding  Octolier  election  "refused  to  receive  the  votes 
of  certain  soldiers  who  had  been  in  Fort  Severn  a  longer  term  than 
six  months,  and  who  were  citizens  of  this  state  at  the  time  they  en- 
tered into  the  service  of  the  United  States."  Some  of  the  very 'men 
who  were  not  allowed  to  vote  at  this  election  had  voted  at  former  elec- 
tions. The  indignation  on  the  subject  was  further  heightened  by 
the  fact  that  the  offic>-rs  had  been  allowed  to  vote.  The  Legislature 
adopted  the  report  of  the  connnittee  on  the  subject  that  it  was  then 
inexpedient  to  legislate  on  this  question. 

On  the  first  Monday  of  April,  the  city  election  occurred  between  the 
Caucus  and  Anti-Caucus  party.  The  vote  stood  for  Mayor — anti-cau- 
cus, R.  Harwood,  161  ;  caucus,  James  Boyle — 152.  For  Recorder — 
anti-caucus,  E.  D.  Ridgely,  159  ;  T.  H.  "Carroll,  caucus— 156.  For 
Aldermen,  the  following  anti-caucus  party  men  were  elected  :  T.  An- 
derson, 161  ;  J.  N.  Watkins,  162;  J.  W.  Duvall,  159  ;  caucus— D. 
Claude,  159  ;  J.  Williamson,  157.  For  Common  Councilmen — the  an- 
Li-caucus  men  elected  J.  Randall,  Jr.,  161 ;  Geo.  Shaw,  160  ;  Bennett 


F^  IS  TORY  OF  Annapolis.  2.t9 

Hurst.  159:  the  caucus— W.  G.  Tuck.  158;  B.  B.  Brewer,  158:  J. 
Hughes.  158.  W.  K.  Thompson.  P.  Schwrar  and  Jona  Hutton,  anti- 
caucus,  and  J.  Boyd,  caucus,  each  received  157  votes,  and  a  new  elec- 
tion had  to  he  held  to  elect  one  Common  Councilman.  At  that  elec- 
tion the  vote  stood  W.  P.  Thomi.son,  154  ;  J.  L.  Boyd,  185.  These 
parties  represented  on  one  side  a  party  opposed  to  the  caucus  system  of 
nomination  and  on  the  other  the  advocates  of  it. 

August  12th,  U.  B.  M.  Frigate  Pha-ton,  44  guns.  Captain  Sturt, 
arrived  in  Annapolis  with  Mr.  Vaughin,  minister  plenipotentiary  from 
the  Court  of  St.  James  to  America.  The  usual  salutes  were  ex- 
changed between  Port  Severn  and  the  ship.  The  Mayor.  General 
Havwood.  and  others  waited  on  the  minister,  and  congratulated  him  on 
his  arrival.  The  Minister,  whilst  in  the  city,  gave  a  dinner  to  Capt. 
Sturt.  in  honor  of  his  attentions  during  the  voyage. 

March  9th,  Dr.  Wm.  Raiferty,  was  chosen  Principal  of  St.  John's 
College. 

In  April,  the  Baltimore  Medical  College,  awarded  the  first  premium 
medal  to  Dr.  Edward  Sparks,  of  Annapolis,  for  the  best  medical  Latin 
thesis. 

On  Monday,  April  19th,  the  boiler  of  the  Steamboat  Eagle,  on  her 
first  trip  from  Annapolis  to  Baltimore,  exploded  off  NorthPoint.  A 
soldier  from  Port  Severti  was  killed,  four  persons  were  scalded,  and 
Captain  Weems  and  all  his  crew,  more  or  less  injured.  Among  the 
scalded  was  Henry  M.  Murray,  of  Annapolis,  aged  34  years,  who  sub- 
sequently died  of  his  injuries.  The  explosion  set  the  Eagle  on  fire  but 
it  was  extinguished  by  the  crew  and  passengers.  The  sou  of  Captain 
Weems,  a  lad  of  13  or  13  years,  was  blown  through  the  sky-light  from 
the  cabin  without  sustaining  serious  injury. 

[1825.]  At  the  foot  of  Maryland  Avenue,  on  the  Severn,  now  part 
of  the  Naval  Academy,  ran  transversely  thehighest  hills  in  and  about 
Annapolis.  They  remained  until  that  part  of  the  city  was  taken  into 
the  Naval  Academy.  About  the  year,  1835,  Daniel  H.  Wiggins,  an 
ingenious  inventor  of  various  implements,  one  of  which  was  a  wheat 
drill,  which  successfully  accomplished  the  work,  conceived  the  idea  of 
erecting  on  this  prominent  elevation  a  wind-mill  that  would  run  on 
any  quarter  from  which  the  wind  would  blow.  The  idea  conceived, 
the  mill  was  built.  On  the  day  for  it  to  start,  the  assembled  citizens 
gathered  around  the  ingenious  contrivance,  the  sails  were  set,  the 
wind  filled  their  open  wings,  and  the  latent  machineiy  began  to  move. 
Around  and  around  it  went  obedient  to  the  currents,  but  utterly  un- 
controUaljlf  by  the  inventor.  He  had  neglected  to  provide  means  by 
which  to  throw  off  the  power,  and  to  render  the  mill  subservient  to 
his  will.  There  it  went  on  whirling  and  whirring  to  the  chagrin  of 
the  inventor,  who  had  to  abandon  his  creation  to  the  elements  as  a 
monument  of  misdirected  genius. 

The  power  was  taken  from  the  wind  and  conveyed  to  the  mill  by 
means  of  sails  rigged  to  the  spokes  of  a  wheel  that  any  wind  would 
revolve. 

[1837.]  In  this  year  the  act  was  passed  which  established  the  State 
Library.  The  law  restricted  the  use  of  the  books  to  members  of  the 
executive  or  legislative  departments.' 

In  October,  George  Wells,  Jr.,  and  John  N.  Watkins  were  elected 
delegates  from  Annapolis  to  the  Legislature.      It   seems  to  have  been 


260  ''TheAncient   City." 

a  purely  personal  contest  and  party  lines  were  not  drawn.  The  vote 
was  George  Wells,  Jr.,  151  ;  John  N.  Watkins,  143;  Henry  Hobbs, 
143  ;  Richard  J.  Crabb,  141. 

In  April  of  this  year.  Dr.  Dennis  Claude,  was  elected  Mayor  by  this 
vote  :  Dr.  Dennis  Claude,  154  ;  Richard  J.  Crabb,   138. 

[1828.]  In  Annapolis  this  year,  national  politics  showed  itself  in  the 
eiectiou  for  delegates  to  the  Le:,'islature.     The  vote  was  : 

Jackson  ticket— Richard  J.  Crabb,  158  ;  Thomas  Anderson,  148. 
Adams  ticket— .John  N.  Watkins,  153  ;  George  Wells,  Jr.,  149. 

Jeremiah  Townley  Chase,  an  ex-member  of  Congress,  and  Chief  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland,  died  in  Annapolis,  May  11th,  aged 
nearly  80  years. 

Jeremiah  Townley  Chase  was  from  early  manhood  until  nearly  the 
close  of  his  long  '  and  active  life,  a  jmblic  man  in  many  im- 
portant offices,  in  all  of  which  he  acquitted  himself  with  honor  and 
distinction.  Mr.  Chase  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1748,  and  removed 
to  Annapolis  in  1779.  He  was  Mayor  of  Annapolis  in  1783,  and  de- 
livered the  address  of  welcome  to  General  Washington  when  he  came 
to  resign  his  commission  in  1783.  He  also  enjoyed  the  honor  of  meet- 
ing and  welcoming  Lafayette,  when  he  crossed  the  Prince  George's 
laorder  and  entered  Anne  Arundel  in  1824,  on  his  way  to  visit  Annapo- 
lis Judge  Chase  took  an  early  and  decided  part  in  the  arduous  and 
doubtful  contest  with  Great  Britain,  supporting  with  vigor  the  rights 
of  his  country.  During  the  whole  of  that  trying  conflict,  he  exhibited 
the  most  active  and  patriotic  zeal  and  unshaken  firmness. 

The  beginning  of  his  public  services  was  his  appointment  upon  the 
first  Committee  of  Safety  in  Baltimore,  and  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
one  of  the  first  military  companies  in  Maryland.  In  February,  1775. 
he  was  elected  by  Baltimore  county,  of  which  the  town  was  then  a 
part,  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution,  and 
formed  the  Governmeno  of  the  State,  and  was  one  of  that  body  which 
united  in  the  Declaratint  of  Independence  for  Maryland. 

He  continued  to  be  a  representative  from  Baltimore  until  he  re- 
moved to  Annap'  lis.  He  was  at  that  time  elected  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  in  which  capacity  he  served  to  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  It  was  this  Governor,  Thomas  .Tohnson,  in  whose 
council  Judge  Chase  served,  who  received  the  acknowlegements  of 
General  Washington  for  procuring  supplies  of  flour  and  cattle  for  the 
American  Army.  Judge  Chase  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1783, 
and,  in  1784,  was  appointed  one  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  that 
body  to  act  in  the  recess  of  Congress. 

In  1789,  Mr.  Chase  wai  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  General  Court  of 
the  State.  On  the  abolition  of  that  Court,  he  was  appointed  Chief 
Judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District,  and  Chief  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals. 

In  June,  1824,  Judge  Chase  resigned  the  office  of  Chief  Justice.  In 
the  administration  of  justice,  Judge  Chase  was  firm,  dignified,  and  im- 
partial ;  in  the  domestic  circle,  amiable ;  in  society,  brilliant ; 
in  private  conduct,  kind  and  temperate  ;  exhibiting  in  all  his  acts,  pub- 
lic and  private,  the  benign  influence  of  a  sincere  Christian  life. 

Judge  Chase  died  in  1828,  and  was  buried  in  the  City  Cemetery, 
Annapolis. 

[1829.]  In  December  Session,  1828,  an  act  was  passed  incorporating 
the  Annapolis  and  Potomac  Canal  Company  to  connect  the  city  of 


History  OF   Annapolis.  261 

Annapolis  and  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  Company.    The  project 
came  to  naught. 

At  the  election  for  the  Legislature  this  year,  the  following  was  the 
vote  in  Annapolis : 

Administration,  (Jackson's  Administration,)  Richard  J.  Crabb,  150; 
James  Murray,  137  ;  Anti-Administration,  George  Wells,  Jr.,  167; 
Dr.  Dennis  Claude,  162. 

[1830.]  The  tollowiiig  extract,  taken  from  the  Maryland  fraze^/e.  of 
May  13th,  1830,  shows  that  the  freemen  of  Annapolis  early  put  the  tem- 
perance question  in  politics  : 

At  a  meeting  of  sundry  individuals,  held  on  the  14th  of  April,  1830, 
in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  the  following  Preamble  and  Resolutions  were 
adopted : 

"  M^hereas,  the  manner  in  which  elections  have  been  for  a  long  time 
conducted  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  is  viewed  by  us,  as  having  a  per- 
nicious tendency  to  corrupt  the  morals  of  youth,  as  well  as  fraught 
with  evil  to  our  citize-.is  in  general :  And,  tvhereas,  the  baneful  effects 
of  such  conduct  cannot  be  counteracted  successfully  but  by  taking  a 
decided  stand  against  it ;  Therefore : 

'■^Resolved  by  the  undersigned,  that  we  solemnly  pledge  ourselves  to 
vote  for  no  candidate  or  candidates  for  any  office,  for  which  we  are 
entitled  to  vote,  who  shall  himself  give,  or  wlio  shall  for  him,  directly 
or  indirectly  suffer  to  be  given,  any  kind  of  ardent  spirits,  fermented 
liquors,  money,  clothing  or  any  thing  else,  to  any  voter  or  voters,  at 
any  election,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  their  votes. 

'^Resolved  fur  fiber.  That  the  course  adopted  by  this  meeting  be  re- 
commended to  our  respectable  fellow-citizens,  and  that  they  are  in- 
vited to  unite  with  us  in  putting  down  an  evil  as  degrading  as  it  is 
desolating. 

'^Resolved,  That  in  order  to  carry  our  object  more  fully  into  effect, 
we  agree  to  reserve  our  votes  to  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  unless  the 
business  or  circumstances  of  any  of  us  should  require  him  or  them  to 
vote  earlier. 

"Resolved,  That  the  above  proceedings  be  published  in  the  different 
newspajaers  printed  in  this  city. 
Signed  by 
Edward  Williams,  Samuel  Goldsmith, 

Lewis  Gassaway,  Grafton  Munroe, 

Basil  Shephard,  Thomas  G.  Waters, 

Andrew  Slicer,  M.  W.  Conner, 

Samuel  Peaco,  Jacob  Bassford, 

William  Ross,  Peter  Saussac, 

Vachel  Severe,  Samuel  Parrott, 

Daniel  H.  Wiggins,  Daniel  Dorsey, 

Thomas  Sands,  W.  J.  Goldsborough, 

Charles  Henshaw,  X.  J.  Watkins, 

Thomas  King,  Jr.,  Philip  Clayton, 

Thomas  King,  William  M'Parlin." 

William  Kirby, 
They  are  dead,  but  around  the  names  of  many  of  them  there  lingers 
the  odor  of  a  holy  sanctity  of  life  that  has  made  their  memory  precious 
to  their  descendants  and  an  honor  to  the  community. 

[1831.]   The  startling  episode  of  American  slavery,  Nat.  Turner's  re- 


263  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

volt,  alarmed  the  people  of  Anne  Arundel,  and  companies  of  infantry- 
were  organized  and  night  patrols  established  to  defend  the  people  from 
an  expected  uprising.  Whilst  the  whites  were  preparing  for  belligerent 
measures,  the  following  pacific  action  was  taken  in  this  city  : 

At  anumerouslyattended  meeting  of  the  FreePeopleof  Colourof  the 
city  of  Annapolis,  and  its  vicinity,  convened  in  the  African  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  on  the  evening  of  October  4th,  1831, — to  take  into 
consideration  the  propriety  and  expediency  of  adopting  certain  resolu- 
tions, expressive  of  their  views,  wishes,  and  desires,  the  object  of  the 
meeting  having  been  explained  by  the  Chairman,  the  following  Pre- 
aml)le  and  Resolutions  were  adopted  : 

•'  Whereas  certain  rumors,  accompanied  with  suspicions  of  an  unfav- 
orable character,  have  been  in  circulation  througli  the  country  respect- 
ing the  colored  population,  calculated  to  destroy  the  confidence  which 
the  while  population  have  reposed  in  them. 

"Hesolved  f/ierefore.  That  we  deeply  and  sincerely  regret  that  any 
circumstance  should  liave  transpired  to  create  those  suspicions. 

"■Resolved,  That  we  who  reside  in  this  city,  and  its  vicinity,  who  now 
compose  this  meeting,  cannot  refrain  from  expressing  our  grateful 
acknowledgments  in  possessing  the  assurance  that  the  confidence  of 
their  white  friends  is  still  reposed  in  them,  and  that  no  rumor  has 
been  able  to  impair  the  same. 

"Resolved,  That,  as  we  are  not  insensil)lcof  the  friends  we  have 
among  the  white  population,  and  that  many  of  them  have  labored  to 
ameliorate  our  condition,  we  pledge  ourselves,  that  our  future  con- 
duct and  deportment  shall  continue  to  be  such  as  will  be  calculated 
to  increase  and  continue  their  confidence  and  gocd  wishes. 

"Resolved,  That  should  anything  occur  contrary  to  our  views  of 
good  order,  peace,  anrl  tranquility,  as  inculcated  in  the  word  of  God, 
we  will  use  every  means  and  all  our  influence,  lo  put  it  down. 

"Resolved,  That  we  be  grateful  to  Almighty  God  for  the  revelation 
of  his  will  to  man,  and  tluit  revelation  teaches  us,  that  it  is  our  high- 
est wisdom  to  live  soberly,  righteously  and  godly,  in  this  present  world, 
that  in  the  world  to  come  we  may  be  sharers  of  eteriuil  life. 

"Editors  friendly  to  the  aliove  resolutions,  will  confer  a  favor  on  this 
meeting,  by  giving  them  a  few  insertions,  particularly  those  of  our 
city. 

Signed, 

HENRY  PRICE,   Chairman. 

John  Smith,  Jr.,  Secretary." 

It  was  in  November  of  this  year,  1831,  that  the  project  to  build  a 
railroad  between  Baltimore  and  Annapolis  was  inaugurated.  At  the  same 
tnne  the  practicability  of  making  the  road  connect'Washington,  as  well 
as  Baltimore,  was  suggested,  hence  came  the  twenty  miles  of  road, 
known  from  its  charter  in  1836,  as  the  Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Rail- 
road. It  was  not,  however,  until  February  6th,  1832,  tluit'the  l)ill 
was  passed  to  incorporate  the  Baltimore  and  Annapolis  Railroad  Com- 
pany. Nothing  appears  to  have  come  of  this.  In  December  1836, 
another  act  passed,  naming  Amos  A.  Williams,  Leonard  Iglehart, 
Alexander  Randall,  Somerville  Pinkney,  George  Wells,  and  EliasElli- 
cott,  as  Commissioners  to  take  subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock  of  the 
^Jl^^^^n^  ''^"^  ■^^''  ^•"^"*^  Railroad  Company,  which  was  placed  at 
!!t>150,000.     The  State  subscribe  $300,000  to  the  company's  stock  pro- 


History  of  Annapolis.  263 

vided  first,  it  was  to  be  certified  to  the  Treasurer  for  the  Westeru 
Shore  that  before  the  State's  subscription  was  formally  made  that  its 
quota  would  complete  the  road.  The  Governor  and  his  Council  were 
to  appoint  a  State  director  for  every  $100,000  of  stock  subscribed  by 
the  State.  The  private  stockholders  were  given  six  directors  by  the 
act.  In  May,  1837,  it  was  publicly  announced  that  sufficient  stock 
had  been  subscribed  to  organize  the  company,  and  the  State's  sub- 
scription was  thereupon  made. 

The  first  passenger  train  left  Annapolis  for  the  Annapolis  Junction, 
Christmas  Day,  1840.  Henry  H.  Bush,  now  living,  was  the  engineer, 
and  James  Miller,  the  conductor. 

[1834.]  A  monument  was  suggested  in  January,  to  Charles  Carroll, 
of  Carrollton,  at  Annapolis,  on  the  liill  on  the  Priests'  property,  east  cor- 
ner of  Gloucester  street,  where  a  large  walnut  tree  stood  which  tradi- 
tion says  sheltered  Washington  and  Carroll. 

In  August,  the  young  men  of  Annapolis  crystalized  their  indigna- 
tion at  the  "disp..sitionto  deprive  them  of  any  participation  ia  the 
political  benefits  (if  the  city,"  and  nominated  Sprigg  Harwood  and 
Fi'ederick  Louis  Grammer,  as  candidates  for  the  Legislature,  repre- 
senting the  young  men  of  the  city.  The  nomination  led  to  the  usual 
bitter  newspajjer  warfare  that  follows  a  new  departure.  The  opposi- 
tion put  up  Nicholas  Brewer  and  George  Wells.  It  was  charged  that 
these  nominations  were  coached  l)y  William  B.  Curran,  a  young  man 
in  the  employment  of  Mr.  Blair,  editor  of  the  Washington  Globe.  The 
election,  in  October,  resulted  : 

0[)position — Sprigg  IlarsYOod,  135  ;  Fred.  L.  Gra  nmer,  133.  Nomi- 
nation— Nicholas  Brewer,  168  ;  George  Wells,  104. 

[1835.]  June  25th,  the  corner  stone  of  Humphrey  Hall,  St.  John's 
College,  was  laid.  John  Johnson,  delivered  an  eloquent  address  on 
the  occasion.  The  building  committee  were  Ramsay  Waters,  John 
Johnson,  and  Nicholas  Brewer.  R.  C.  Long,  was  the  architect,  and 
Elijah  Wells,  the  builder. 

[1837.]  The  political  titles  of  candidates  for  the  Legislature  this 
year  show  that  there  vvas  another  change  in  political  shibboleths. 
The  result  was  :  Van  Buren  candidates — Richard  J.  Jones,  128  ;  John 
H.  T.  Magruder,  127.  Whig  candidates — Richard  Swann,  154;  Thos. 
S.  Alexander,  152. 

[1839.]  On  Sunday,  April  14th,  1839,  Nicholas  Brewer,  father  of 
the  late  .ludge  Nicholas  Brewer,  died.  The  following  obituary  ap- 
peared in  the  next  issue  of  the  Marrjlawl  Republican,  evidently  from 
the  pen  of  Jeremiah  Hughes,  the  veteran  editor  of  that  Journal : 

"Thus  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age,  closes  the  earthly  career  of 
another  of  the  most  active,  firm,  steady,  and  undeviating  politicians  of 
this  State,  and  of  this  age.  A  man  who,  as  an  oppuneut,  was  always 
a  Man,  open,  undisguised,  straight-forward,  and  high-minded.  As  a 
fxnend,  no  man  was  ever  more  ardent,  whole-heai'ted,  and  sincere. 

"For  several  years,  and  until  attacked  by  the  disease  which  finally 
carried  him  off,  Mr.  Brewer,  represented  this  city  in  the  House  ol 
Delegates,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  most  useful  and  influential 
members.  He  seldom  spoke  in  the  House  :  when  he  did  his  speech 
was  always  brief,  to  the  purpose — and  never  failed  to  command  at- 
tention. It  may  be  truly  said,  that  a  delegate  more  devoted  to  the 
interests  of  his  constituents  has  never  represented  any  people.  Twice 


264  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

or  thrice,  at  earlier  periods  of  his  life,  he  served  as  Elector  of  the 
Senate — a  station  usually  appropriated  to  the  most  popular  man  in 
each  community. 

"As  a  next  door-neighbor  and  most  intimate  friend — as  an  associate 
for  the  third  of  a  century  in  every  political  struggle— in  peace  and  in 
war — through  good  and  through  evil  report — in  prosperity  and  in  ad- 
versity— sickness  and  health — we  have  known  and  can  truly  testify  of 
Nicholas  Brewer,  as  a  high-minded,  public-spirited,  patriotic,  amiable 
man — a  man  of  inflexible  integrity  in  public  as  in  private  life." 

Mrs.  Baldwin,  who  died  in  1749,  one  hundred  years  old,  the  sup- 
posed first  person  born  in  Anne  Arundel,  was  the  progenitor  of  Mrs. 
Jeremiah  Townley  Chase,  7iee  Hester  Baldwin  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Chase, 
nee  Ann  Baldwin. 


CHAPTER  LIII. 

Location  of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy 
AT  Annapolis. 

[1845.]  As  early  as  November  15. 1814,  Hon.  William  Jones,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy,  under  President  Madison,  suggested  the  expediency 
of  establishing  a  Naval  Academy.  This  recommendation,  from  its  in- 
ception to  the  establishment  of  the  Naval  Academy,  in  1845,  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  persistent  and  intelligent  effort  of  the  leading  minds  in 
naval  knowledge,  and  the  best  informed  as  to  the  maritime  wants  of  the 
country. 

In  1825,  two  bills  were  before  Congress,  proposing  the  inauguration 
of  a  naval  school.  Whilst  these  were  pending,  the  Mai-yland  Legisla- 
ture January,  1826,  passed  the  following  : 

"Resolved  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  our  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  in  Congress  be,  and  they  are  hereby  requested 
to  call  the  attention  of  their  respective  houses  to  the  superior  advan- 
tages which  the  city  of  Annapolis  and  its  neighborhood  possesses  as  a 
situation  for  a  Naval  Academy,  and  that  they  use  their  best  exertions 
in  favor  of  the  establishment  of  such  an  institution." 

This  resolution  reached  the  United  States  Senate  February  7,  1826. 

Repeated  efforts  at  legislation  had  failed,  once  in  1826  by  a  single 
v;te  in  the  Senate,  to  give  the  United  States  a  Naval  Academy,  when 
the  illustrious  historian  George  Bancroft  became  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  in  1845.  "His  own  profound  scholarship,  his  rich  and  varied 
culture,  and  his  personal  familiarity  with  educational  methods,  enabled 
him  to  appreciate  the  want  of  the  service  and  to  devise  a  way  in  which 
it  might  be  supplied.  To  him  the  Navy  owes  the  foundation  of  the 
Naval  Academy.  He  saw,  as  his  predecessors  had  also  seen  that  a 
dozen  separate  schools  without  organization  or  intelligent  supervision, 
constituted  as  appendages  to  navy -yards  and  seagoing  meu-of-war, 
could  produce  no  satisfactory  results.     He  had  seen,   moreover,   the 


History  OF  Annapolis.  265 

failure  of  many  efforts  at  legislation  with  a  view  to  reforming  the 
systems.  But  he  discovered  what  those  before  him  had  failed  to  see, 
that  with  him  lay  the  authority  to  remedy  the  evils,  and  that  the 
means  were  already  provided.  By  placing  a  large  number  of  pro- 
fessors upon  waiting  orders — that  is,  by  dispensing  with  their  services 
— a  large  part  of  the  annual  outlay  for  instruction  might  be  saved  ; 
and  by  concentrating  a  few  of  the  best  men  of  the  corps  of  instructors 
at  a  suitable  place,  a  school  might  be  formed  with  an  independent 
organization."* 

On  June  2d,  1845,  a  board  of  naval  officers  met  at  the  Philadelphia 
Naval  Asylum  for  the  examination  of  midshipmen  for  promotion. 
The  board  consisted  of  Commodores  George  C.  Read,  Thomas  Ap 
Catesby  Jones,  and  Matthew  C.  Perry,  and  Captains  E.  A.  F.  Lavalette 
and  Isaac  Mayo. 

Amongst  the  instructions  of  the  board  was  the  following  : 

"Navy  Department. 
"Washington,  June  13,  1845. 

"Sir:  I  desire  the  assistance  of  your  board  in  maturing  a  more 
efficient  system  of  instructions  for  the  young  naval  officers.  The  op- 
portunity which  your  present  arduous  and  responsible  duties  as  ex- 
aminers of  the  school  afford  you  of  giving  practical  and  useful  advice 
leads  me  to  solicit  your  co-operation  by  as  full  a  communication  of 
your  opinion  as  is  consistent  witli  your  convenience. 

"Fort  Severn  has  been  recommended  to  me  as  a  more  suitable 
place  for  such  a  school  than  the  Naval  Asylum,  especially  as  a  vessel 
could  be  stationed  there  to  serve  as  a  school  in  gunnery. 

"The  present  term  of  instruction  is  too  short.  Might  it  not  be  well 
to  have  permanent  instruction,  and  to  send  all  midshipmen  on  shore  to 
the  school  ?  What  plan  of  studies  is  most  advisable?  I  hope  youf 
board  will  find  time  and  will  be  disposed  to  aid  me  by  their  suggestions. 

"I  wish,  also,  that  they  would  nominate,  for  my  consideration,  a 
board  of  three  experienced  officers,  whose  qualifications  incline  them 
to  give  long-continued  attention  to  this  subject,  and  who  could  liave 
the  permanency  necessary  to  assift  me  until  a  plan  can  be  matured- 
If,  from  your  own  number,  you  would  select  such  a  board,  or  would 
tak-e  a  wider  scope  in  your  selection,  it  would  be  acceptable  to  me." 

"I  am,  respecfuUy,  yours, 

GEORGE  BANCROFT, 

Commodore  George  C.  Read, 

President  Board  of  Examiners,  &c.,  Philadelphia,  Pa." 

After  a  thorough  examination  of,  and  deliberation  over,  the  subject, 
the  Board  made  a  lengthy  report,  in  which  there  occurs  the  following  '. 

"Three  of  the  undersigned  are  ignorant  of  the  precise  situation  of 
Fort  Severn,  and  its  fitness  for  a  naval  school  in  regard  to  its  accomo- 
dation, in  healthiness  of  location,  and  conveniences  of  the  vicinity  for 
gun -practice,  but  they  are  told  by  their  associates,  Commodore  Jones 
and  Captain  Mayo,  that  the  fort  embraces  sufficient  space  and  the  liar- 
bor  and  neighboring  shores  offer  all  the  requisite  adA-aiitages  for  gun- 
pi%.ctice  and  evolution  of  steamers  and  boats.  Supposing,  then,  that 
Fort  Severn  is  selected,  and  there  is  ample  accommodation  within  its 
walls  for  the  officers  and  students  of  the  establishment,  it  may  be  re- 

*  Hi-t.iiy  of  Ihf  Nfival  Acadetny.  Soley.  ji.  42. 


HQQ  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

marked  that  the  Government  already  possesses  all  the  necessary  means 
for  commencing  at  once  a  naval  school,  which  may  be  enlarged  and 
perfected  at  some  future  time." 

Shortly  after  this  Secretary  Bancroft,  Governor  Marcy,  then  Secre- 
tary of  War,  and  Commodore  Warrington,  cliief  of  the  Bureau  of  Navy 
Yards  and  docks,  visited  Annapolis,  the  object  of  their  visit  being 
understood  to  be  to  examine  the  condition  of  Port  Severn  and  the  im- 
provements commenced  the  fireviousfall.  The  rumor  was  also  alloat 
that  it  was  the  intention  of  the  government  to  remove  the  Naval 
School  from  Philadelphia  to  Fort  Severn,  which  be  one  of  the  reasons 
of  this  visit. t 

Some  after  this  visit,  the  Secretary  ordered  a  board,  composed  of 
Commanders  McKean,  Buchanan,  and  Du  Pont,  to  consider  the  sub- 
ject, and  to  recommend  a  locatiou  and  officers.  The  hoard  decided 
upon  A:  napolis  as  the  site,  and  Ward.  Chauveult,  and  Lockwood  as 
professors.  Commander  Franklin  Buchanan,  a  Baltimoreaa,  had 
already  been  selected  as  superintendent. 

Fort  Severn  was  an  army  post,  tlie  site  of  which  hadVjeen  purchased 
in  1808,  at  a  period  when  Annapolis  was  deemed  a  place  of  military 
importance.  The  ground  consisted  of  ten  acres,  almost  square,  in- 
closed on  the  west  end  and  northeiii  side  by  brick  wall,  and  on  the 
southern  and  eastern  sides  liy  the  Severn.  At  tlie  angle  of  the  water 
front  stood  the  battery,  a  small  circular  rampart,  mounting  <-//  barbette 
ten  heavy  guns,  with  a  magazine  in  tlie  water.  In  the  grounds  was  a 
Wind-mill  built  lierc  iu  I7(j0.  and  on  the  shore  of  the  fort  the  Peggy 
Stewart  was  run  agi'ound  and  Imrned  by  its  owner,  to  satisfy  the  de- 
mands of  the  patriots  of  1774. 

Tlie  buildings  consisted  of  officers'  quarters  and  barracks.  Buch- 
anan row,  ( the  new  building  for  the  Superintendent  excepted,)  the 
house  opposite  the  southern  end  of  the  row,  and  the  dwelling  occupied 
by  Secretary  Richard  M.  Chase,  are  all  that  remain  of  those  that  ex- 
isted when  the  Fort  was  transferred  Aug  15,  184o,  to  the  Navy  De- 
partment. 

October  10th,  the  school  was  opened. 

The  State  of  Maryland  acted  promptly  in  the  cession  of  every  right 
and  privilege  refiuired  by  the  government. 

The  young  stripling  bet;an  to  grow  apace.  In  1847,  the  first  addi- 
tion was  made  to  the  grounds.  It  comprised  three  lots — one  from  F. 
Buchanan  and  others,  the  second  from  Rebecca  Nicholson,  with  a  col- 
lateral deed  from  Edward  Lloyd  and  R.  Nicholson  to  secure  the  title 
of  Miss  Nicholson's  lot.  The  third  from  A.  Randall,  trustee  for  W. 
O'Hara  and  others. 

This  included  land  adjacent  to  the  school  and  lying  between  Scott 
street  and  the  Severn,  and  reached  to  Northeast  street,  now  Maryland 
Avenue.     This  was  under  Commander  Upshur. 

The  second  addition,  commenced  in  1853,  under  commander  Strip- 
ling was  completed  after  the  arrival  of  Com.  Goldsborough.  One  part 
consisted  of  land  lying  between  Scott  street.  Governor  street,  Hanover 
street,  and  Northeast  street  now  occupied  by  the  Academy  Chapel, 
and  V)y  the  row  of  officers'  quarters  numbered  from  one  to  eleven,  and 
includes  the  lawns  in  front  as  far  as  the  line  of  Scott  street  ;  and  the 
other  part  of   land  lying  along  the  Severn  River  on  the  opposite  side 

t  Aunapoli:*  piiper. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  367 

of  Northeast  street  and  between  it  and  Tabernacle  street,  the  fourth 
side  being  the  line  of  Hanover  street  extended.  The  buildhigs  on  it 
are  known  as  Goldsborougli  row. 

The  Third  addition  was  Scott  street  and  Northeast  street  between 
Hanover  and  the  river.     This  was  in  1853. 

The  fourth  addition  was  made  in  1866,  Admiral  Porter,  superinten- 
dent. The  executive  mansion  of  the  state,  the  residence  of  the  governors 
since  the  time  of  Robert  Eden,  witli  the  garden  adjoining,  a  place  where 
Washington  had  been  guest,  was  bought  by  the  United  States,  and  a 
square's  length  of  Governor's  street  was  taken  in  with  it.  This  com- 
prised four  acres.  The  Governor's  house  is  now  used  as  the  Academy- 
library,  and  Porter  row  lias  been  built  on  part  of  the  fourtli  acquisi- 
tion. 

The  fifth  addition  was  made  in  1867,  by  the  purcliase  of  ten  acres  of 
land  from  St.  .Tolni's  College  between  the  College  and  Graveyard 
Creek.  This  tract  has  never  been  joined  to  the  Academy,  thi-re  being 
land  intermediate  between  it  and  the  Academy.  Anotlier  tract  of 
land.  Strawberry  Hill  farm,  on  which  the  Alms  House  of  Anne  Arun- 
del county  once  stood,  was  bought  in  1868.  This  is  not  a  part  proper 
of  the  Academy.  It  adjoins  the  grounds  of  tlie  Naval  Hospital, 
(thirty-two  acres  in  extent,)  one  part  being  reserved  as  a  naval 
necropolis. 

The  sixth  addition  was  accomplished  in  1874,  being  four  acres  from 
that  part  of  Lockwoodsville  lying  on  the  Severn,  between,  then  Taber- 
nacle, now  College  Avenue,  Hanovor  and  Wagner  Streets. 

The  following  is  the  summary  of  land  in  use  by,  and  under  the  con- 
trol of,  the  Naval  Academy  authorities  : 

ACKES. 

Grounds  about  Fort  Severn   9 

Purchases  of  1847  and  1853,  including  streets 33 

Purchase  1866,  (Governor's  Mansion) 4 

Purchase  of   1874,  Lockwoodsville.   4 

Within  the  Academy 50 

Acres. 

Hospital  Grounds 32 

Strawberry  Hill 67 

College  Lot  10 

Outside  of  Academy  109 

During  1883,  one  of  the- ancient  landmarks  of  the  State  fell.  It  was 
the  one  occupied  to  that  period  from  1845,  as  the  residence  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy. 

It  was  built  by  .John  Duff,  an  architect  who  settled  in  the  colony  in 
1728.  This  house  was  Iniilt,  at  least,  in  1751,  and  probably  much 
earlier.  It  was  the  residence  of  that  talented  family,  the  Dulanys. 
and  was  occupied  by  it  from  1753  to  1808,  and  on  the  cession  of  the 
ground  to  the  government  as  the  site  of  Fort  Severn,  became  the  resi- 
dence of  the  commander  of  the  fort  and  so  remained  to  1845.  In  1883, 
by  a  commission  of  officers.  Captain  Francis  M.  Ramsay  being  Super- 
intendent, the  house  was  condemned  as  unsafe,  and  was  torn  down, 
and  the  Superintendent,  by  funds  reserved  from  the  supplies  voted  the 
Academy,  proceeded  to  build  a  residence  for  the  Superintendent.  Con- 
gress that  had  refused  specific  monies  for  this  building,  resented  the 


268  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

action  of  the  Superintendent,  and,  by  proviso  inserted,  declared  na 
monev  should  be  used  to  complete  the  offensive  structure.  There  it 
remained  until  the  end  of  the  ^erm  of  t&e  offending  Superintendent,  a 
monument  of  autocratic  independence  and  congressional  indignation. 
The  location  of  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis  has  been  of  large 
advantage  to  the  business  of  the  place.  The  social  benefits  have  been 
well  appreciated  by  its  people,  and  the  constant  succession  of  interest- 
ing events  occuring  at  the^Academy,  has  added  to  the  enjoyment  and 
culture  of  an  already  polished  community. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 

A  Riot  in  Axnapolis. 

]1847.]  On  the  5th  of  July,  1847,  the  steamboat  "Jewess,"  was 
chartered  by  Mr.  C.  C.  Philips,  of  Baltimore,  to  make  an  excursion  to 
St.  Michaels,  in  Talbot  county,  with  the  express  understanding  that 
the  steamer  would  accommodate  at  least  seven  hundred  passengers 
comfortably.  About  that  number  took  passage  on  tlie  steamer  in- 
cluding whom  were  the  Eagle  Artillerists,  Col.  Geo.  P.  Kane,  com- 
manding, and  the  Columbian  Riflemen.  Capt.  Robert  McAllister,  com- 
manding. The  military  companies  were  on  their  way  to  join  witli  the 
military  of  Talipot  county  in  celebrating  the  National  holiday,  and  the 
latter  had  made  appropriate  preparations  to  receive  the  expected  visi- 
tors. 

Before  reaching  the  county  wharf  at  Fell's  Point,  it  was  discovered 
that  the  boat  could  not  accommodate  those  that  were  already  on 
board,  and  on  arriving  at  the  county  wharf  there  were  the  military 
and  several  hundred  who  desired  to  take  passage  on  the  boat.  The 
military  alone  were  allowed  to  embark. 

With  this  large  crowd  on  board,  composed,  no  doubt,  of  the  motley 
company  that  generally  gathers  on  general  holidays  on  cheap  excur- 
sions, the  "Jewess"  started  for  St.  Michaels,  and  steamed  slowly  down 
the  bay.  After  being  out  four  hours,  the  captain  found  it  impossible 
Avith  the  large  number  of  passengers  he  had  on  board,  and  the  cranky 
condition  of  the  steamer,  to  ci-oss  the  bay.  The  charter  party  to  the 
contrary  notwitlistanding,  Captain  Sutton  determined  that  the  lives 
of  seven  hundred  passengers  were  in  his  keeping,  and  he  was  respon- 
sible if  any  accident  occured.  He,  therefore,  decided  that  he  would 
put  into  Annapolis,  and  if  one  hundred  and  fifty  passengers  would 
land,  he  would  then  proceed  to  St.  Michaels  with" the  balance. 

After  a  passage  of  five  hours,  the  "Jewess"  reached  Annapolis. 
Not  a  man  would  go  ashore  with  the  understanding  that  "he  had  the 
privilege  of  finding  his  way  back  to  Baltimore  the  best  way  he  could.'* 
On  this  Capt.  Sutton  decided  to  proceed  no  further,  tied  liis  boat  to 
the  wharf,  and  let  off  steam. 


History  of    Annapolis.  269 

'•After  the  boat  had  been  made  fast,"  says  an  eye  witness,*  wlio 
spoke  from  a  Baltimore  standpoint,  ''and  the  passengers  found  they 
could  go  no  further,  they  generally  went  on  shore  for  the  purpose  of 
amusing  themselves  as  might  best  suit  their  fancy,  and  were  received 
with  every  mark  of  respect  by  some  of  the  citizens.  Those  who  vis- 
ited the  Naval  School  were  kindly  received  by  the  officers,  as  were 
also  those  who  went  up  to  the  State  House,  but  with  some  of  the  commu- 
nity there  appeared  to  be  something  wrong,  as  if  some  past  offence 
had  not  beeen  forgotten  or  some  new  aggression  had  been  committed.'" 
In  contradiction  of  any  bad  spirit  being  shown  by  the  citizens,  it  is 
asserted  by  a  citizen  living  at  this  day  that  a  part  of  the  excursionists 
behaved  very  disorderly.  If  there  was  ill-feeling  rankling,  or  bad 
temper  provoked,  by  fresh  affronts,  it  found  some  vent  when  on  Church 
street,  a  Baltimore  youth  broke  a  window,  and  whilst  William  F. 
Smith,  of  Baltimore,  was  paying  for  it,  one  of  the  crowd  was  arrested 
hj  an  Annapolis  constable.  Mr.  Smith  persuaded  the  balance  of  the 
Baltimore  boys  to  return  to  the  "Jewess  ;"  and  the  culprit  was  res- 
cued by  his  friends. 

At  the  City  Hotel  Col.  John  Walton,  proprietor,  testified,  sev- 
eral of  the  party  from  the  steamer  entered  the  kitchen,  took  posses- 
sion of  it,  and  insisted  upon  helping  themselves  to  dinner.  They  be- 
haved in  the  same  riotous  manner  at  the  bar,  and  he  had  to  threaten 
to  commit  them  to  jail  before  they  would  leave.  In  other  parts  of 
the  town,  pistols  were  fired,  and  curses  rent  the  air.  At  the  Wes- 
tern Hotel  kept  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Davis,  some  of  the  party  amused  them- 
selves pitching  the  b'-ead  out  of  the  windows. 

A  significant  fact  bearing  on  the  character  of  the  people  who  com- 
posed the  crowd  on  board  the  "Jewess"  was  brought  out  in  the  testimony 
of  Col.  Geo.  P.  Kane,  in  the  examination  that  followed  the  affray  : 
"He  had  left  the  boat  at  Annapolis,  and  had  procured  a  citizen's  dress 
from  a  friend,  which  he  had  exchanged  for  his  uniform,  and  had  de- 
termined to  come  up  in  the  cars  in  the  morning  ;  the  conduct  of  a 
portion  of  those  who  were  on  board  the  boat  having  been  so  disorderly 
and  riotous  as  to  deter  him  from  returning  with  them." 

Whilst  Col.  Kane  was  at  dinner  in  Annapolis,  he  heard  the  report 
of  fire-arms.  He  started  for  the  "Jewess."  Before  he  reached  there 
another  prominent  character  who  was  to  figure  in  the  subsequent  pro- 
ceedings. Judge  Nicholas  Brewer,  who  had  heard  that  a  friend's  son 
had  become  involved  in  a  difficulty,  and  had  come  down  to  persuade 
him  out  of  it,  had  arrived  at  the  wharf. 

At  the  examination  before  Justice  Walton  Gray,  in  Baltimore,  July 
9th,  Judge  Brewer  testified  that  he  "saw  by  the  soiled  state  of  the 
clothes  of  the  young  man  and  injury  he  had  received  on  his  nose,  that 
he  had  been  engaged  in  a  fight.  He  remonstrated  witti  him,  and  per- 
suaded him  to  leave  the  wliarf.  Seeing  that  there  was  considerable 
excitement  among  those  on  the  wharf,  and  every  probability  of  a  not 
.ensuing,  he  decided  to  remain  there  and  endeavor  to  prevent  it. 

"Nothing  of  any  moment  occurred  from  this  time  for  nearly  an 
hour  while  preparations  were  making  for  the  departure  of  the  boat. 
and  nearly  all  belonging  to  her  had  got  on  board." 

The  testimony  of  Mr.  Daniel  T.  Hyde,  a  prominent  citizen  of  An- 
napolis, then  takes  up  the  thread  of  the  story  :  "He  was  sitting  in  his 
•porch,  (his  house  being  about  a  hundred  yards  from   where  the  lx)at 

*  Balto.  American  of  July  7,  18^7, 


270  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

lay,)  when  he  saw  Judge  Brewer  ijo  down  to  the  wharf.  The  crowd 
on  the  boat  began  to  hiss  and  hoot  at  him  and  some  one  of  them  called 
out  "l)ring  that  big-bellyed  man,  with  a  straw  hat  on  board."  Think- 
ing that  violence  might  be  offered  to  the  Judge,  and  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  endeavor  to  prevent  it,  he  innnediately  went  down  towards 
the  wharf.  There  was.  however,  when  Mr.  Hyde  reached  the  steamer, 
no  attempt  to  offer  violence  to  Judge  Brewer." 

Mr.  Hyde  used  his  good  offices  to  promote  peace  and  to  suppress  the  dis- 
turbance and  was  in  imminent  danger  from  the  ill-feelings  of  the  citizens 
on  the  wharf  and  the  visitors  on  the  steamer.  The  billingsgate  and  ])ro- 
fanity  between  the  two  crowds  at  this  moment  was  terrible.  The  noise 
and  confusion  were  so  great  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  distin- 
guish what  was  sjiid.  In  preparation  for  the  coming  fray  several 
boys  from  the  boat  ran  on  shore,  ai-id  picked  up  stones  and  i-etreated 
to  the  steamer.  An  old  man,  whom  Judge  Brewer  thought  was  William 
F.  Smith,  in  company  with  a  young  man,  advanced  on  the  gangway 
leading  to  the  wharf  and  seemed  ready  to  fight.  Judge  Brewer  per- 
suaded them  to  return  to  the  boat.  The  lines  were  now  cast  off.  Mr. 
Hyde  advised  Mr.  Waters,  the  Mate  of  the  boat  and  asked  him  to  say 
the  sam.e  thing  to  Capt.  Sutton  to  move  off.  Mr.  Hyde  assisted  in 
casting  the  lines  of  the  steamer  loose  from  the  shore. 

"At  this  time  two  halves  of  a  lemon  were  thrown  from  the  boat 
among  the  crowd  on  shore."  This  was  the  signal  of  battle.  The 
crowd  on  the  wharf  gave  way.  a  dark  object  was  seen  to  fly  from  the 
boat  to  the  shore,  and  the  Aniiapolitans  returned  the  attack  with  a 
volley  of  bricks.  The  Baltimoreans  replied  with  stones  and  pistols. 
The  bricks  that  had  come  from  the  shore  had  fallen  amongst  the 
ladies  and  children,  and  a  cry  was  made  for  the  rifles  of  Capt.  McAl- 
lister's company.  The  captain  tried  to  prevent  the  men  from  getting  the 
rifles  out  of  the  room  in  which  they  had  been  stowed.  He  sent  James 
L.  Wallace  to  take  charge  of  this.  Mr.  Wallace,  when  he  arrived  at 
the  temporary  armory,  found  it  filled  with  passengers  taking  away 
the  rifles.  Some  of  the  company  attem[)ted  to  assist  Mr.  Wallace 
but  they  were  "thrown  aside  like  an  old  check  shirt."  and  those  in 
the  room  helped  themselves  to  the  rifles  and  cartridges  and  went  on 
deck  and  used  them  on  the  citizens  of  Annapolis. 

The  ladies  on  the  boat  were  now  in  a  state  of  great  alarm,  some  at- 
tempted to  throw  themselves  overboard,  whilst  the  work  of  getting 
them  Ijelow  proceeded  with  a  haste  born  of  urgent  necessity. 

Judge  Brewer  and  Mr.  Daniel  T.  Hyde  who  were  in  the  dangerous  posi- 
tion of  being  between  two  fires  bravely  endeavored  to  stop  the  Aii- 
napolitans  from  continuing  the  afl'ray.  Mr.  Hyde,  finding  two  col- 
ored boys  throwing  stones  at  the  boat,  kicked  them  away,  and  turned 
to  the  boat  to  hurry  it  out  of  danger.  Fearing  the  boat  would  ground 
on  an  old  stone  wall  in  the  water  near  the  wharf,  and  thus  make  a 
continuance  of  the  riot  more  certain,  he  went  to  the  end  of  his  own 
wharf,  and  called  to  Captain  McAllister  if  he  would  send  the  stern  line 
ashore,  the  steamer  would  be  al)le  to  pull  out.  That  is,  it  would  make 
the  steamer  turn  around  from  the  wharf  so  as  to  head  to  the  river — 
the  dock  here  being  extremely  narrow  and  the  work  of  steering  a 
steamer  exceeding  difficult.  In  reply,  Capt.  McAllister  shook  his  sword 
and  said — "He  was  responsible  for  all  he  said  and  did."  In  vain  Mr, 
Hyde  tried,  again  and  again,  to  make  the  captain  accept  his  friendly 
offers.     He  was  eir,her  not  understood  or  his  inoti\'es  were  suspected. 


History  OF  Annapolis.  271 

Judeje  Brewer,  at  the  same  time,  was  driviuE:  some  away  and  entreat- 
ing others  not  to  interfere.  Seeing  a  ywuiig  man  on  shore  with  a  pis- 
tol, preparing  to  discharge  it  in  the  direction  of  the  boat,  the  Judge 
endeavored  to  prevent  him,  but  was  unable.  Again  seeing  the  young 
man  preparing  to  fire,  he  seized  him  and  called  for  iielp.  Mr.  John 
"W".  Brady  came  and  took  the  young  man.  Meantime  the  firing  from 
the  boat  continued,  and  glasses,  bottles,  and  stones  were  hurled  at  the 
crowd  on  the  wharf.  Mr.  Brady  was  shot  whilst  taking  an  assaii- 
iant  of  his  assailants  from  the  fray.  Judge  Brewer  was  assisted 
alone  by  constable  John  Lamb,  and  whilst  thus  endeavoring  to  preserve 
the  peace  heard  some  person  on  the  boat  exclaim,  with  an  oath,  "Shoot 
that  officer,  I  mistrust  him."  Three  rifles  were  instantly  levelled  at  the 
Judge.  He  jumped  behind  a  wood-pile,  whilst  a  friendly  hand  on  the 
boat  knocked  up  two  of  the  rifles  ;  but  the  third,  the  Judge  thought, 
was  discharged  at  him.  In  all  besides  the  bricks  and  other  missiles 
exchanged  between  the  combatants  there  were,  it  was  estimated, 
twenty  rifle  shots  from  the  boat  and  two  pistol  shots  and  two  guns 
fired  from  the  shore,  but  these  not  until  after  the  volley  from  the  rifles 
on  the  steamer.* 

The  visitors  were  better  prepared  for  the  attack  than  the  citizens 
and  their  aim  wPs  good,  for  five  citizens  fell  wounded,  fortunately  none 
of  them  fatally  : 

T.  C.  Loockerman,  shot  in  the  leg,  slightly  wounded  ; 

Basil  McNew,  shot  in  the  side,  badly  wounded  ; 

John  W.  Brady,  shot  through  both  legs,  seriously  hurt  ; 

Watkins  Hall,  two  toes  shot  off  : 

Edward  Barroll,  wounded  very  dangerously  in  the  thigh. 

When  Hall  and  Loockerman.  who  were  actively  engaged  in  throwing 
stones  at  the  boat  fell,  "the  people  on  board  the  boat  hurrahed  enough 
for  an  election  day."t 

Rifles  are  far  more  effective  weapons  than  pistols  and  bricks  and  none 
of  the  excursionists,  it  appears,  were  hurt. 

The  report  of  the  riot  had  spread  through  Annapolis,  and,  with 
powder  contributed  by  the  merchant  and  cannon  seized  from  the 
State,  citizens  hurried  to  the  wharf  to  avenge  the  assault  on  their  fel- 
low-townsmen, the  fray  the  meanwhile  being  unabated,  and  to  add  to 
the  calamities  of  the  day,  the  steamer  became  wedged  in  between  the 
two  sides  of  the  narrow  wharf,  and  to  escape  the  volleys  of  stones  and 
bullets  from  the  wharf  most  of  the  passengers  ran  to  the  opposite  side. 
The  steamer  careened  and  for  a  moment  was  in  danger  of  capsizing. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  wharf  was  a  vacant  mill.  The  "Jewess" 
as  she  came  to  that  side  of  the  dock  to  turn  .vas  within  a  few  yards 
of  this  untenanted  house.  In  it  a  young  citizen  j  had  now  secreted  him- 
self and  was  about  to  pour  a  deadly  fire  from  his  gun  into  the  passen- 
gers, when  happily  his  prudent  father  came  in  and  drove  him  away, 
and  saved  one  or  more  of  the  excursionists  from  almost  certain  death. 
The  State's  cannon  was  then  brought  into  position  by  the  now 
thoroughly  aroused  Annapolitans.  Col.  Geo.  P.  Kane  immediately 
made  his  way  to  it,  and  remonstrated  against  firing  it.  Finding  his 
appeals  of  no  avail,  lie  threw  one  arm  over  the  breech  of  the  piece, 

*  Te,<timi)ijy  of  Daniel  T.  HyrJe,  in  tlie  li.illo.  Amfirican  of  July  13, 18-17. 

t  Testimony  ol   Daniel  T.  Hydo. 

t  Donlel  Hollidiiyoke  : 


273  ''The  Ancient    Citv."' 

and  placed  the  other  hand  over  the  muzzle  and  declared  that  the  gm\ 
sliould  not  be  fired  without  blowing  him  to  pieces.  Col.  Kane  was 
warned  by  those  staiwling  around  that  the  cannon  was  double  shotted 
and  loaded,  (which,  however,  was  not  the  case.)  The  parties  in 
charge  of  the  gun  then  attempted  to  pull  him  away  by  force,  and  the 
straggle  continued  until  some  one  whispered  in  his  ear  that  the  gun 
had  been  spiked. 

This  was  the  voice  of  Judge  Brewer  who  had  repaired  to  the  cannon 
and  spiked  it  with  his  tooth-pick.  T'wo  attempts  were  afterwards 
made  to  load  it.  but  Judge  Brewer  succeeded  in  stopping  liotii  efforts. 

In  the  attempt  to  prevent  the  cannon  from  V;eiiig  loaded  Richard 
Cowman  used  his  fist  with  such  good  effect  on  William  Shuman,  a 
shoemaker,  who  was  endeavoring  to  charge  the  gun,  as  ro  make  him 
bite  the  dust. 

Mr.  Hyde,  in  his  testimony,  considered  the  loading  of  the  cannon 
"a  mere  farce,  and  he  stood  by  and  laughed  at  it.  It  was  a  complete 
scene  of  confusion,  some  wanting  to  do  one  thing  and  others  another 
and,  in  the  meanwhile,  the  i)oat  was  fast  getting  out  of  their  reacli. 
even  if  they  had  been  loaded." 

Judge  Brewer  did  not  escape  calunmy  that  day  as  one  witness  de- 
clared he  saw  the  Judge  looking  at  two  negroes  throwing  stones  at 
the  boat  and  did  not  atte;npt  to  stop  them.  This  the  Judge  contradicted 
in  his  own  testimony  and  Mr.  Hyde  quaintly  corrolwrated  it  with  sjxy- 
ing  that  the  Judge  "did  all  that  any  man  could  do,  and  more  than  he 
thought  a  man  could  have  done  to  suppress  the  riot  and  restore  peace. 
He  saw  him  at  different  parts  of  the  wharf,  driving  some  away  and  en- 
treating others  not  to  interfere.  He  had  no  one  besides  the  witness 
to  help  him  but  a  constable,  who  received  a  severe  blow  in  the  face  by 
a  brick  during  the  early  part  of  the  affray. 

"The  *tory  of  the  Judge  standing  by  and  seeing  two  negroes  throw- 
ing at  the  boat  without  an  effort  to  prevent  them,  the  witness  regarded 
as  entirely  untrue.  There  were  no  negroes  in  Annapolis  who  would 
dare  to  break  the  law  in  any  way  if  they  thought  Judge  Brewer  was 
looking  at  them.  If  the  duties  performed  that  day  by  Judge  Brewer 
pertained  to  his  office  as  Judge,  the  witness  thought  he  would  not  like 
to  have  it  for  twice  its  salary.  He  thought  he  was  that  day,  whilst 
endeavoring  to  preserve  the  peace,  in  imminent  danger  of  hi--  life." 

The  judicial  investigation  fastened  the  guilt  on  no  one,  and  no 
punishment  was  meted  out  to  the  rioters. 


CHAPTER  LV. 

Chronicles  of  Axnapot.is  from  1845  to  1847. 

[1845.]  On  Saturday.  November  80th,  Rev.  Thos.  Robinson,  a  local 
minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  residing  near  the  head  of 
Severn  River,  whilst  duck-shooting  was  thrown  into  the  water  by  the 
upsetting  of  his  boat.     He  swam  ashore,  and,  in  intense  cold,  dragged 


History  of  A;snapolis.  273 

himself  to  a  house  close  hy,  where  he  died  from  exhaustion. 

[1846.]  On  Thursday,  February  19th,  about  7  p.  m.,  flames  were 
discovered  issuing  from  the  ventilator  of  the  cellar  of  the  State 
House,  under  the  House  of  Delegates.  On  getting  the  cellar-door  open 
the  smoke,  from  immense  quantities  of  coal  and  charcoal  in  the  apart- 
ment, was  so  dense  aTul  stifling,  there  was  great  danger  of  suffo- 
cating any  who  entered.  Notwithstanding,  some  brave  men  ventured 
in,  and  the  fire,  which  hud  made  considerable  progress,  was  discovered 
and  reached  with  great  difficulty  and  extinguished. 

At  the  City  Election  in  April.  1840,  the  following  was  the  vote: 
For  Mayor. 

Richard  Swann,  Whig,  150 ;  D.  S.  Caldwell,  Dem.,  120. 
For  Recorder. 

William  Tell  Claude,  w.,  154  :  Jonathan  Pinkney,  d.,  117. 
For    Aldermen. 

Dr.  Abram  Claude,  w.,  158  ;  Dr.  Wm.  Brewer,  Sr.,  w.,  146  ;  Edward 
A.  Davis,  w..  144;  Captain  John  Philips,  w.,  141;  James  B.  Steele, 
w.,  137  ;  Daniel  Caulk,  d.,  131  ;  AVm.  Bryan,  d..  126  ;  John  M.  Davis, 
d.,  122  ;  James  II.  Iglehart,  d.,  120  :  James  Sands,  d.,  120. 

Richard  H.  Ilanlon,  a  native  of  Annapolis,  a  volunteer  against 
Mexico,  died  September  0th,  at  Camargo,  Mexico. 

The  Democratic  Star  ceased  publication  in  October  21st,  1840,  "after 
a  life,"  said  the  proprietors,  Messrs.  Daily  and  Taylor,  "of  four  years 
hardship  and  incessant  toil." 

Theoderic  Bland,  Chancellor,  of  Maryland,  died  in  Annapolis  No- 
vember 16.  He  was  born  in  Dinwiddle  county,  Virginia,  December 
6,  1776. 

On  Wednesday,  December  14,  a  gale  blew  at  Annapolis.  Nine  ves- 
sels were  driven  ashore  between  Chink  and  Tolley's  Points.  Between 
Hackett's  and  Greenbury's  Points  a  sloop  was  sunk.  A  few  days  after 
the  gale  five  bodies,  two  of  whites  and  three  of  blacks,  were  found  at 
Tolley's  Point. 

December  21,  John  Johnson,  of  Annapolis,  was  appointed  Chancel- 
lor of  Maryland  by  Gov.  Pratt. 

[1847.]  There  was  no  opposition  this  year  to  the  Whigs  in  the  city 
election.     The  vote  was  : 

For  Mayor  : 

Richard  Swann,  126 ; 

For  Recorder  : 

William  Tell  Claude,  139. 

For  Aldermen: 

Elihu  S.  Riley,  141  ;  John  Philips,  132;  Ed.  Hopkins,  131  ;  James 
Steele,  127  ;  P.  C.  Clayton,  107.  Mr.  William  Davis,  independent,  for 
alderman,  received  74  votes. 

One  of  the  ancient  landmarks  of  Annapolis  a  colonial  dwelling,  oc- 
cupied by  Miss  Hester  Chase  and  situated  on  King  George  st.,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  April  12. 

May  8'th,  George  Johnston,  Esq.,  proprietor  of   the   Democratic 
Herald,  of  Annapolis,  aged  40  years,  died  of  a  pulmonary  complaint. 
On  account  of  his  death  the  publication  of  the  Herald  ceased. 
18 


274  '  '  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T     C  I  T  Y  .  " 

Major  Luther  Giddinss,  a  graduate  of  St.  John's,  class  of  1841, 
was  presented  with  a  $500  sword  on  April  3.  by  the  rank  and  file  of 
his  regiment,  the  1st  Ohio,  as  an  appreciation  of  his  conduct  inacting 
colonel  of  the  regiment. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

A  Retrospect  of   Two  Centuries. 

[1819.]  Two  hundred  years  after  its  settlement  found  Annapolis 
-with  tliirty-five  hundred  inhabitants,  the  seat  of  a  Xaval  University, 
the  home  of  a  College  of  large  usefulness,  and  still  "the  ancient  capi- 
tal" of  the  State.  The  day'^of  its  commercial  glory  had  departed,  but 
the  remnant  of  its  traditional  intelligence  remained.  Its  bar  con- 
tained the  names  of  Tuck,  Randall,  a"nd  Alexander,  worthy  survivors 
of  men  who  had  made  its  name  illustrious,  and  though  the  ball  and 
banquet  of  former  generations  had  passed  away,  the  opening  social 
glories  of  the  Naval  Academy  forshadowed  the  harvest  of  pleasures 
that  have  proved  unbounded  sources  of  enjoyment  to  the  young  who 
participate  in,  and  the  elders  who  periodically  witness,  these  brilliant 
assemblages  in  the  Armory  and  Gymnasium. 

The  Puritan  who  settled  the  capital,  might  chance  invoke  the  wrath 
of  heaven  on  the  Proddence  he  had  established  where  the  curling 
smoke  of  the  wigwam  had  once  ascended. 

The  card-table,  the  ball-room,  the  pot-house,  the  lottery  shop,  and 
the  gambling-hell  were  indices  of  the  frivolities  and  evils  that  afflicted 
the  capital,  although  the  theatre  and  the  race-course  had  ceased  to 
find  remuneration  out  of  the  depleted  coffers  of  a  city  whose  chief 
sources  of  revenue  were  the  scant  trade  of  the  sparsely  settled  coun- 
try that  surrounded  it,  and  the  modest  compensation  awarded  to  the 
servants  of  the  State  and  Nation. 

The  canoe  of  the  Indian  had  disappeared  before  the  pinnace  of  the 
Puritan;  the  pinnace  had  given  place  to  the  schooner:  the  schooner,  in  its 
turn,  had  been  pushed  aside  by  the  steamer  ;  the  trail  of  the  Indian  had 
been  lost  in  the  roadway  of  the  coach,  and  the  locomotive  had  made  the 
lumbering  stage  the  attenuated  monument  of  an  out-ridden  generation. 

But  the  glory  of  her  fair  ones  yet  remained,  and  the  ancient  city 
still  maintained  its  wide  renown  for  the  beauty  and  grace  of  its 
women. 

In  Church,  the  Puritan  had  long  since  disappeared.  In  his  place 
the  Churchman,  the  Methodist,  and  the  Presbyterian  boldly  proclaimed 
the  truth,  whilst  the  handful  of  Catholics  feebly  held  their  own  in  the 
little  chapel  that  Carroll  of  Carrolton's  beneficence  had  built. 

Politics,  that  a  hundred  years  before  displayed  itself  alone  in  manly 
opposition  to  encroachments  of  the  provincial  governors,  had  now  be- 
come a  heroic  game,  and,  through  various  stages,  had  been  formulated 
into  Whiggery  and  Democracy,  and  stood  face  to  face  against  each 
■other  on  the  momentous  issues  of  tariff  and  slavery. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  K     A  .V  N  A  P  O  I,  I 


The  Chesapeake  and  its  freely  c;iven  wealth  of  oysters  lay  almost 
unruffled  by  the  toners  of  the  industrious  ovsteriuan.  and  the  quiet  iif 
the  streets  of  "the  Ancient  City,"  and  the  paucity  of  its  business  and 
•commerce  were  sadly  emblematic  of  a  place  whose  chief  adornment  was 
the  general  virtue  of  its  inhabitants,  untarnished  by  the  chicanery  of 
trade  and  unblessed  by  the  fruits  of  iiulustry. 


CHAPTER  LVII. 

A  Galaxy  of  Illustrious  Anxapolitaxs. 

CHARLES  CARROLL,  of  Carrolton. 

Was  born  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  September  20th,  171)7.  In  174.'). 
he  was  taken  to  tlie  College  of  English  Jesuits  at  St.  Omer,  France, 
where  he  remained  six  years,  and  then  was  sent  to  the  Jesuit  College. 
at  Rheims.  After  one  years'  study  of  civil  law  at  Bonrges.  he  wentTn 
Paris,  studied  two  more  years,  and  began  the  law  in  the  Temple.  At 
27  years  of  age,  he  returned  to  America,  and.  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Revolutionary  War,  was  considered  the  richest  man  in  America, 
being  worth  $2,000,000.  Although,  by  the  illiberal  laws  of  that  period, 
he  was  robbed  of  the  privilege  of  the  elective  franchise,  l)ecause  he  was 
a  Catholic,  he  ardently  espoused  the  American  cause,  and  began  his 
opposition  to  the  arbitrary  measures  of  the  British  Government,  by 
publishing  in  the  Maryland  (razetfe,  a  series  of  articles  under  the  sig- 
nature of  "The  First  CrnzEX,"  against  the  right  of  the  Governor  of 
Maryland,  to  regulate  fees  by  proclamation. 

In  1775,  he  was  made  a  membe'-  of  the  first  committee  of  observa- 
tion established  at  Annapolis,  and  during  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
a  delega':e  to  the  ProvinciaLConvention.  In  February,  177(5,  he  was 
sent  to  Canada,  by  Congress,  to  induce  the  people  of  that  i)rovinee  to 
unite  with  the  States.  He  returned  to  Philadelphia,  in  June,  and 
found  the  Declaration  of  Independence  under  discussion.  The  dele- 
gates from  Maryland  were  hampered  V)y  instructions  "to  disavow  in 
the  most  sclemn  manner  all  design  in  the  colonies  of  Indei»endence." 
He  repaired  to  Annapolis  immediately,  and,  with  the  assistance  of 
Judge  Samuel  Chase,  on  the  28th  of  June,  succeeded  in  having  these 
instructions  withdrawn  and  the  delegates  left  free  to  join  in  the  De- 
claration of  Independence. 

On  August  3nd,  the  Declaration  was  formally  signed.  As  Mr.  Car- 
roll wrote  his  name,  a  member  observed,  "Here  go  a  few  millions," 
and  added,  "however,  there  are  several  Charles  CarroUs,  the  British 
will  not  know  which  one  it  is."  Carroll  immediately  added, 
"of  Carrolton,"  and  was  ever  afterward  known  by  that  cognomen. 
He  was  placed  by  Congress  in  the  Board  of  War.  In  1776,  he 
helped  to  draft  the  Constitution  for  Maryland,  and  was  the 
same  year  a  member  of  the  State  Senate.  In  1777,  he  was  again 
&    delegate    to    Congress.      In    1781,  and    1786,   he  was  a  Senator 


276  • '  T  H  E  A  N  c  I  E  N  T   City.'' 

of  Maryland,  and  in  1T88,  was  chosen  a  United  States  Senator,  to 
which  office  he  was  again  elected  in  1797.  In  1799,  he  was  one  of 
the  Commissioners  to'^  adjust  the  boundary  line  between  3Iaiyland 
and  Virginia.  On  July  4th,  1828,  then,  in  his  90th  year.  Mr. 
Carroll,  m  the  presence  of  an  immense  concourse  of  [leople.  and  at- 
tended by  imposing  civic  ceremonies,  laid  the  corner-stone  of  that  im- 
portant Maryland  enterprise— the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Eailioad. 
Towards  the  last  of  his  life.  Mr.  Carroll  removed  to  Baltimore— I  have 
it  by  tradition— because  the  city  fathers  here  offended  liim  hj  making 
the  taxes  too  high.  November  14th,  1832,  Mr.  Carroll  died,  tlie  last 
of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Indei)endence. 

WILLIAM  PINKNEY 
Was  born  at  Annapolis.  Maryland,  March  17th,  1704.  His  family  was 
a  branch  of  the  South  Carolina  Pinkneys.  who  early  settled  at  An- 
napolis. He  studied  medicine,  but  left  that  for  the  law.  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1786.  In  1788,  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Conven- 
tion which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  he  sub- 
sequently held  various  State  offices,  as  member  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates, Senate,  and  the  Council.  In  1790.  he  was  sent  to  London,  as 
Commissioner,  under  the  Jay  treaty,  remaining  abroad  until  1804.  In 
1805,  he  became  Attorney-General  of  Maryland.  In  1806,  he  wag 
sent  as  Minister  extraordinary  to  England  to  treat,  in  conjunction 
with  Monroe,  with  the  British  Government,  and  was  resident  Minister 
from  1807  to  1811,  when  he  was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,  which  office  he  held  two  years.  He  commanded  a  vol- 
unteer corps  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Bladensburg.  In  1815,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress, 
and,  in  1816,  was  appointed  Minister  to  Russia,  and.  Special  Minister 
to  Naples.  In  1818,  he  returned  home,  and,  in  1819.  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator.     He  died  February  22nd,  1833. 

REVERDY  JOHNSON 
Was  born  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  May  21st,  1790.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  and,  at  the  age  of  17,  began  the  study  of  law  in 
Prince  George's  county,  in  the  office  of  his  father,  who  was  the  Chie^ 
Justice  of  the  Judicial  District  of  which  that  county  formed  a  part.  In 
1815,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  by  way  of  encouragement  to  all 
who  do  not  achieve  success  at  once,  be  it  written,  he  made  a  lamenta- 
ble failure  in  his  first  speech  in  Court.  In  1817,  he  removed  to  Balti- 
more, and  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  arguing  cases  Ijefore  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States,  where  he  won  renown  as  a  profound 
student  of  the  legal  profession ,  not  only  in  America,  but  his  fame 
reaching  Europe,  he  was  called  to  argue  before  the  French 
tribunals.  In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Thomas  Harris,  he  reported  the 
decisions  of  the  Maryland  Court  of  Appeals,  known  as  "Harris  and 
Johnson's  Reports,"  (7  vols.  1820-37.)  In  1821,  he  was  elected  a  State 
Senator,  and  re-elected  in  1825.  In  1845,  he  was  chosen  United  States 
Senator,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1849,  on  being  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Taylor  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States.  In  1861,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Peace  Convention  in  Washington,  which  tried  to  pre- 
vent the  Civil  War.     In  1802,   he   was   again   elected  to  the   United 


HisTOF. YOF   Annapolis.  277 

States  Senate,  and  was  a  member  from  1863  to  1868.  In  June  of  the 
latter  year,  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  England,  where  he  negotiated 
a  treaty  for  the  settlement  of  the  Alabama  claims.  This  treaty  was 
rejected  by  the  Senate.     He  was  recalled  in  1869. 

During  the  entire  Civil  War,  when  many  illegal  acts  were  commit- 
ted under  the  plea  of  "military  necessity,"  Reverdy  Johnson,  whilst 
an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Union,  eloquently  raised  his  voice  against 
every  usurpation  by  the  military  power. 

On  the  evening  of  February  10th,  1876.  when  in  his  80th  year,  with 
a  mind  yet  undimmed  by  mental  incapacity,  and  a  liody  that  gave 
promise  of  many  years  of  usefulness,  he  met  with  a  fatal  accident  at 
Annapolis.  He  was  at  a  social  gathering  at  the  Executive  Mansion, 
John  Lee  Carroll  being  then  Governor  and  host.  Mr.  Johnson  started 
to  go  out  the  main  doorway.  He  was  offered  assistance  bat  refused  it. 
Passing  down  the  granite  steps  of  the  front  porch,  he  turned  to  the 
left  of  the  entrance  and  fell  into  a  i)aved  area,  five  feet  below,  where 
he  was  found  shoi'tly  afterward  in  an  unconscious  state.  He  expired 
soon  after  being  discovered.  He  died  almost  within  a  stone's  throw  of 
the  house  in  which  he  was  born,  and  well  nigh  under  the  shadow  of 
his  alma  mater. 

JOHN  U.  GODMAN 
Was  born  at  Anna]iolis,  December  20th,  1794.  He  was  apprenticed  to 
a  printer  in  Baltimore,  but,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  enlisted  in  the  Navy 
and  was  present  at  the  defence  of  Fort  McHenry.  After  the  war  he 
studi  d  medicine,  and  practiced  until  1821.  when  he  became  professor 
in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  at  Cincinnati,  and  conunenced  there  the 
"Western  Quarterly  Reporter."  In  1822.  he  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  devoted  himself  to  the  science  of  Anatomy,  of  which  he  became, 
in  1826.  professor  in  Rutger's  Medical  School,  New  York.  He  pre- 
pared the  Zoological  articles  for  the  "Encyclopedia  Americana"  up  to 
the  end  of  the  letter  0.  His  principal  work  was  "American  Natural 
History."     He  died  at  Gennantown,  Pa.,  April  17,  1830. 

STEWART  HOLLAND. 
By  one  act  this  man  made  his  name  immortal.  He  was  born  at  An- 
napolis. September  24th,  1854,  found  him  a  member  of  the  engineering 
department  of  the  Steamer  Arctic,  tliat,  with  hundreds  of  passengers, 
was  sinking  in  mid  ocean,  from  the  effects  of  a  collision.  "About  two 
hours  after  the  Arctic  was  struck,  the  firing  of  the  gun,"  said  the 
third  mate  of  the  Arctic,  "attracted  my  attention,  and!  recollect  when 
I  saw  Stewart,  it  struck  me  as  remarkably  strange  that  he  alone,  of 
all  belonging  to  the  engineering  body,  should  be  liere.  He  must  have 
had  a  good  chance  to  go  in  the  chief  engineer's  boat  and  be  saved  ;  but 
he  did  not,  it  seems,  make  the  slightest  exertion  to  save  himself  whdst 
there  was  dutv  to  be  done  on  shipboard.  I  recollect  that  about  an 
hour  before  the  ship  sunk,  I  was  hurriedly  searching  for  spikes  to 
make  a  raft  with.  I  had  just  passed  through  the  saloon.  On  the  sofa 
were  men  who  had  fainted,  and  there  were  many  of  them  too  ;  the 
ladies  were  in  little  groups,  clasped  together,  strangely  qmet,  and  re- 
signed. As  I  came  out  again,  the  scene  that  presented  itself  was  one 
that  I  hope  never  to  see  again.  Here  and  there  were  strong,  stout  men 


278  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

on  their  knees  in  the  attitude  of  prayer,  and  others,  who  when  spoken 
to,  were  immovable  and  stupefied.  In  the  midst  of  this  scene,  Stewart 
came  running  up  to  me,  crying  "Donan,  my  powder  is  out :  1  want 
more.  Give  me  the  key."  "Never  mind  the  key,"  I  replied,  "take 
an  axe,  and  break  open  the  the  door."  He  snatched  one  close  beside 
me.  and  down  into  the  ship's  hold  he  dived,  and  I  went  over  the  ship's 
side  to  my  raft.  I  recollect  distinctly  his  appearance  as  once  more  he 
hailed  me  from  the  deck,  the  right  side  of  his  face  was  black  with 
powder,  and  when  he  spoke,  his  face  seemed  to  me  to  be  lighted  up 
with  a  quaint  smile."  So  the  gallant  youth  continued  to  fire  "the 
minute  gun"  that  booming  over  the  sea  might  catch  the  ear  of  some 
passing  vessel  and  bring  relief  to  the  perishing.  As  the  ship,  which 
carried  three  hundred  people  with  it  to  watery  gmves,  went  down 
Stewart  Holland  was  seen  "in  the  very  act  of  firing  as  the  vessel  dis- 
appeared below  the  waters." 

Alot  was  donated  in  Washington,  where  he  lived  at  the  time  of  the  dis- 
aster, and  money  subscribed  to  build  him  a  monument,  but  the  funds 
were  embezzled  l>y  the  trustee. 

CHARLES  WILSON  PEALE. 
The  eminent  American  painter,  was  born  in  Annapolis,*  April  16th, 
1741.  Peale  had  a  checkered  career.  He  was  first  a  saddler  and  har- 
ness-maker, then  watch  and  clock  tinker,  and,  in  their  order,  silver- 
smith, painter,  modeller,  taxidermist,  dentist,  and  lecturer.  In  1770, 
he  visited  England,  and,  for  several  years,  was  a  pupil  of  West.  Re- 
turning home,  he  settled  first  in  Annapolis  and  then  in  Philadelphia, 
and  acquired  celebrity  as  a  portrait  painter.  Among  his  works  were 
several  portraits  of  Washington,  and  a  series  forming  the  nucleusof  a 
national  portrait  gallery.  He  commanded  a  company  of  volunteers 
in  the  battles  of  Trenton  and  Grerraantown,  and  also  served  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Legislature.  About  1785,  he  commenced  a  collection 
of  natural  curiosities  in  Philadelphia,  founding  "Peale's  Museum," 
in  which  he  lectured  on  natural  history.  He  aided  in  founding  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 

LIEUTENANT  JAI\IES  BOOTH  LOCKWOOD,  U.  S.  A., 
Was  born  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  October  9th,  1853,  and  died  at 
Cape  Sabine,  Smith's  Sound,  April  9th,  1884.  To  Lieutenant  Lock- 
wood  belongs  the  distinction  of  having  attained,  during  the  Greeley 
Expedition,  the  point  nearest  to  either  pole,  ever  reached  by  any 
human  being.  It  was  on  Lockwood's  Island  in  north  latitude,  80'* 
2V  ;  longitude  44°  5^, 

DANIEL  DULANTT. 

A  history  of  Annapolis  would  lie  incomplete  without  a  biographical 
sketch  of  Daniel  Dulany,  who,  under  the  nom  de  jilume  of  Antion.  car- 
ried on  the  memorable  newspaper  controversy  in  1773,  with  Carroll, 
of  Carrollton,  the  "First  Citizen"  of  that  literary  prologue  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

Daniel  Dulany,  son  of  Daniel  Dulany,  was  born  at  Annapolis,  July 
19,  1731,  and  was  educated  at  Eton  and  at  Clare  Hall.  Cambridge, 
England. 

•  Kidgely's  Annals  of  Annapolis. 


History  OF  Anmapolis.  279 

He  entered  the  Temple,  and,  returning  to  the  colonies,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1747.  Mr.  McMahon,  of  this  brilliant  man,  says  : 
"For  many  years  before  the  downfall  of  the  proprietary  Government, 
he  stood  confessedly  without  a  rival  in  this  colony,  "as  a  lawyer,  a 
scholar,  and  an  orator,  and,  we  may  safely  regard  the  assertion  that 
in  the  high  and  varied  accomi)lishments  which  constitute  tliese, 
he  has  had  amongst  the  sons  of  Maryland  but  one  equal  and  no 
superior.  We  admit  that  tradition  is  a  magnifier,  and  that  men  even 
through  its  medium  and  the  obscurity  of  half  a  century,  like  objects 
in  a  misty  morning,  loom  largely  in  the  distance,  yet  with  regard  to 
Mr.  Dulany,  there  is  no  room  for  illusion.  '  You  may  tell  Hercules'  by  ■ 
foot,'  says  the  proverb  ;  and  this  truth  is  as  just  when  applied  to  the 
proportions  of  the  name,  as  to  those  of  the  body.  The  legal  argu- 
ments and  opinions  of  Mr.  Dulany  that  yet  remain  to  us,  bear  the 
impress  of  abilities  too  commanding,  and  of  learning  too  profound  to 
admit  of  question.  Had  we  but  these  fragments,  like  the  remains 
of  splendor  which  linger  around  some  of  the  ruins  of  antiquity,  they 
would  be  enough  for  admiration.  Yet  they  fall  very  short  of  furnish- 
ing just  conceptions  of  the  character  and  accomplishments  of  his  mind. 
We  have  higher  attestations  of  these  in  the  testimony  of  cotempora- 
ries.  For  many  years  before  the  Revolution,  he  was  regarded  as  an 
oracle  of  the  law.  It  was  the  constant  practice  of  the  courts  of  the 
province  to  submit  to  his  opinion  every  question  of  difficulty  which 
came  before  them,  and  so  infallible  were  his  opinions  considered,  that 
he  who  hoped  to  reverse  them  was  regarded  'as  hoping  against  hope.' 
Nor  was  his  professional  reputation  limited  to  the  colony.  I  have 
been  credibly  informed  that  he  was  occasionally  consulted  from  Eng- 
land upon  questions  of  magnitude,  and  that,  in  the  southern  counties 
of  Virginia,  adjacent  to  Maryland,  it  was  not  unfrequent  to  withdraw 
questions  from  their  courts  and  even  from  the  Chancellor  of  England, 
to  submit  them  to  his  award.  Thus  unrivalled  in  professional  learn- 
ing, according  to  the  representations  of  his  cotemporaries,  he  added 
to  it  all  the  power  of  the  orator,  the  accomplishments  of  the  scholar, 
the  graces  of  the  person,  the  suavity  of  the  gentleman.  Mr.  Pinkuiey 
himself,  the  wonder  of  his  age,  who  saw  but  the  setting  splendor  of 
Mr.  Dulany 's  talents,  is  reputed  to  have  said  of  him,  that  even 
amongst  such  men  as  Fox,  Pitt,  and  Sheridan,  he  had  not  found  his 
superior. 

"Whatever  were  the  errors  of  his  course  during  the  Revolution,  I 
have  never  heard  them  ascribed,  either  to  opposition  to  the  rights  of 
America,  or  to  a  servile  submission  to  the  views  of  the  ministry  ;  and 
I  have  been  credibly  informed,  that  he  adhered,  thoroughout  life,  to 
the  principles  advanced  by  him  in  opposition  to  the  Stamp  Act.  The 
conjecture  may  be  hazarded  that  had  he  not  been  thrown  into  col- 
lision with  the  leaders  of  the  Revolution  in  this  State,  by  the  proclama- 
tion controversy,  *  and  thus  involved  in  discussion  with  them,  which 
excited  high  resentment  on  both  sides,  and  kept  him  at  a  distance 
from  them  until  the  Revolution  began,  he  would,  most  probably,  liave 
been  found  by  their  side,  in  support  of  the  measures  which  led  to  it." 

Mr.  Dulany  was  Secretary  of  the  Province  when  he  conducted  tlie 
famous  controversy  with  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Upper  House  under  the  proprietary  Government  t- 

*  Over  'tov.  K.Jen's  proclam  ition  re«ulating  tees  in  t'le  Colony. 

t  Chronicles  o£  Baltimore,  Schart,  p.  284. 


380  <'The  Ancient  City.'' 

The  political  differences  of  the  Revolution  survived  its  conclusion. 
Mr.  Dulauy  held  no  public  ofSce  after  it,  and  the  brillif  ncy  of  his 
talents,  displayed  alone  in  the  foruni  of  provincial  courts,  did  not 
shed  its  effulgence  in  national  councils,  and  his  fame,  reflected  from 
the  humble  pedestal  of  State  history,  has  not  depicted  to  the  nation 
the  phenomenal  proportions  of  his  intellect.  Such  was  the  iron-heel 
of  public  opinion  upon  the  political  fortunes,  of  a  man  '"whose  opinions 
we're  thought  to  have  moulded  those  of  William  Pitt,  by  whom  they 
were  publicly  noticed  tvith  great  honor."  These  opinions,  (which 
were  published  October  14,  1765.  and  which  looked  to  "a  legal 
orderly,  and  prudent  resentment"  to  be  expressed  aginst  the  Stamp  Act 
"in  a  zealous  and  vigorous  industry,")  widely  prevailed  in  America. 
t  This  course  was  urged  until  that  time  might  come  ''when  redress 
may  be  obtained,"  **. 

Mr.  Dulauy  died  in  Baltimore,  March  19, 1797,  aged  75  years  and  8 
months,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Paul  Cemetery,  corner  of  Lombard  and 
Fremont  Streets,  Baltimore  ft. 

Z  Bancroft's  ULstorv  of  the  U.  S.  vol.  5,  \>.  329. 
**   L)iilany'.<  Pamphlet,  Scharf. 
|t  Schaif  vol.  1,  p.  oi9. 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 
Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from  1860  to  1861. 

[1860.]  On  the  12th  of  September  the  Governor's  Guards  paraded 
for  the  first  time,  and  were  inspected  by  Adjutant-General  Nicholas 
Brewer,  of  .John.  The  company  appeared  to  be  well  drilled.  This 
company  was  disbanded  during  the  Civil  War,  but,  after  it.  was 
recnscitated.  Its  present  commissioned  officers.  (1887,)  are  Louis 
Green,  Captain  ;  John  H.  Wells,  First-Lieutenant  ;  James  C.  Porter, 
Second  Lieutenant. 

In  September,  1861,  the  oyster  catchers  of  Annapolis,  then  represented 
to  be  some  fifty  or  sixty  in  number,  formed  themselves  into  an  associa- 
tion to  further  the  execution  of  the  laws  against  oyster  pirates.  The 
sheriff  of  the  county,  Thomas  Ireland,  requested  them  to  notify  him  of 
any  infraction  of  law,  and  promised  "to  use  all  his  power  to  arrest 
and  punish  the  pirates." 

By  the  census  of  1860,  the  poinilation  of  Annapolis  was  4,658.  Of 
these  1,643  were  white  males,  and  1,484  white  females  ;  551  free  col- 
ored males  ;  505  free  colored  females  ;  320  male  slaves  :  and  255  fe- 
male slaves. 

By  the  census  of  1850,  Annapolis  contained.  3,011  inhabitants. 
Increase  to  1860,  1,647,  Of  the  inhabitants  in  1850.  918  were  white 
males  ;  913  white  females  ;  236  free  colored  males;  297  free  colored 
females  ;  249  male  slaves  :  403  female  slaves.  The  large  increase  in 
the  population  from  1850  to  i860  is  due  to  the  enumeration  of  the  300 
inhabitants  of  the  Xaval  Academy  in  the  census  of  Annapolis. 


History  o  F  Ann  APOLis  .  381 

On  the  5th  of  October,  1860,  John  Brice  died.  He  was  the  grand- 
son of  Thomas  Jennings,  Attorney-General  of  the  then  Province  of 
Maryland.     The  deceased  was  a  defender  of  Baltimore  in  1814. 

On  the  14th  of  October,  John  Stalker,  aged  80  years,  one  of  the  de- 
fenders of  Baltimore,  died  at  Annapolis. 

The  Annapolis  Gazette  of  Thursday,  December  6,  1860,  said  : 

"Who  will  Believk  It?" — "Nobody.  And  yet  it  is  a  fixed  fact 
that  we  are  to  have  a  telegraph  from  Annapolis  to  the  Junction.  We 
actually  saw  the  first  coil  of  wire  laid  on  last  Saturday.  We  looked 
on  in  a  sort  of  dreaming,  wondering,  doubting  uncertainty  ;  but  had 
finally,  to  yield  to  the  patent,  tangible  reality.  We  saw  the  poles, 
and  the  wire,  and  we  saw  the  workmen  putting  them  in  their  proper 
places,  therefore,  we  were  compelled  to  believe.  The  work  is  under 
the  management  oi  Mr.  Joshua  Brown,  and  will  be  pushed  to  com- 
pletion wieh  the  utmost  despatch." 

Lieut.  Plorace  Gambrill,  of  Annapolis,  was  on  the  Revenue  Cutter 
"Aiken"  that  was  surrendered  by  her  captain  to  the  South  Carolina 
authorities  in  Deceralier,   1860. 

On  Christmas  Eve  a  patrol  guarded  the  South  River  section  by 
reason  of  the  groundless  rumor  of  an  intended  insurrection  of   slaves. 

[1861.]  The  Gazette  of  February  28.  announced  the  completion  of 
the  Annapolis,  Baltimore,  and  Washington  telegraph  line. 


CHAPTER  LIX. 

Opening  of  the  Civil   vVar — Anxapois  Seized  by 
THE  Federal  Goveenment. 

[i860.]  The  exciting  contest  of  1860  had  just  closed  in  the  election 
of  Lincoln.  The  political  movements  in  the  extreme  Southern  States 
vibrated  in  Maryland — a  commonwealth  identified  with  these  States 
by  its  institutions,  its  traditions,  and  its  interests. 

The  tone  of  the  people  of  Anne  Arundel  and  Annapolis,  in  the 
momentous  political  contest  that  preceded  the  civil  war,  is  found  in 
the  vote  in  tlie  Presidential  election. 

After  an  exciting  campaign,  Anne  Arundel  gave  Bell  for  President, 
24  majority  over  Breckinridge.  The  vote  was  Bell,  1041  ;  Breckin- 
ridge, 1017  :  Douglas,  98  ;  Lincoln,  3.  Lincoln  received  his  three 
votes  :  in  Annapolis,  one  ;  Firs'.  District,  one  ;  Second  District,  one. 
In  Annapolis  the  vote  was  Bell,  261  ;  Breekhiridge,  227  ;  Douglas, 
36  ;  Lincoln,  1.  Mr.  William  Taylor,  the  present  head  carpenter  of 
the  Naval  Academy,  has  been  generally  credited  with  the  courage 
that  made  him  give  the  lone  vote  for  Lincoln  at  a  time  when  public 
sentiment  in  Annapolis  did  not  take  kindly  to  Republicanism. 

The  State  authorities  as  well  as  the  people  generally  felt  a  crisis 
was  at  hand. 

In  his  proclamation  for  a  day  of  Thanksgiving  on  the  29th  of 
November,  1860,  Gov.   Hicks  among  other  things  asked  the  people  to 


282  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

pray  "that  dissension  and  strife  may  depart  from  among  ns ;  that 
concord  and  love  of  country  may  prevail :  that  those  in  authority 
may  have  his  guidance  ;  so  disposing  the  hearts  of  the  people  and 
ordering  the  State,  that  the  happiness  and  peace,  the  power  and  abun- 
dance, with  all  the  unnumbered  blessings,  which  this  Union,  which  the 
God  of  our  fathers  gave  to  them,  and  to  us,  may  suffer  no  diminution, 
through  our  follies,  or  our  crimes  ;  but,  safe-guarded  through  His 
mercy  and  multiplied  by  His  favor,  descend  to  our  children's 
children." 

The  martial  spirit  in  the  people  as  this  time  shows  an  undefined 
desire  to  prepare  for  the  arbitrament  of  the  sword. 

On  November  22,  there  was  a  great  military  display  in  Annapolis. 
The  following  companies  took  part : 

The  Governor's  Guards,  Major  Wm.  II.  Thompson,  commanding  ;■ 
St.  Johu's  College  Cadets.  Adjutant  Hopkins,  commanding  ;  Union 
Guard.  Cavalry,  Capt.  Iglehart,  of  West  River,  commanding  :  West 
River  Guard,  Cavalry,  Capt.  Stewart,commanding;the  Southern  Guard, 
Cavalry,  Capt.  Lyles,  commanding;  the  Severn  Guard,  Capt.  Clay- 
tor,  commanding  ;  the  Vanville  Rjiiigers.  Capt.  Snowden,  command- 
ing. The  Governor's  Guards  were  presented  by  Miss  Eliza  Murdock, 
on  behalf  of  the  ladies  of  Annapolis,  with  a  beautiful  flag.  Major 
Thompson  responded.  Lieut.  John  R.  Magruder,  of  the  Governor's 
Guards,  acknowledged  the  compliment  paid  the  Guards.  He  said  the 
gift  was  appropriate,  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner  now,  as  I  trust  it 
and  ever  will  be,  the  proud  syintiol  to  the  world  of  the  united  power  of 
the  people  of  more  than  thirty  sovereign  States,  in  their  union  one 
great  and  mighty  nation."  At  the  close  of  the  proceedings  Col. 
Spencer,  Chief  Marshal  proposed  "three  cheers  for  the  Uniuu,  which 
wei-e  given  with  a  hearty  good  will  and  enthusiasm  seldom  excelled." 
The  line,  500  strong,  marched  through  the  city  and  into  tlic  Naval 
Academy  where  the  battalion  of  cadets  was  drawn  up  in  full  uni- 
form and  offered  and  received  the  military  salute.  This  unexpected 
compliment  gave  eclat  to  the  occasion. 

Gov.  Hicks  was  petitioned  at  this  period  by  Th«>s.  G.  Pratt,  Sprigg 
Harwood,  .7.  S.  Franklin,  N.  H.  Green,  Llwellyn  Boyle,  and  J.  Pink- 
ney  to  convene  the  Legislature  "to  consider  of  the  present  momentous 
crisis," — the  dissensions  in  the  Union.     Gov.  Hicks  declined. 

In  December,  1860,  South  Carolina  and  other  States  had  given  full 
intention  of  dissolving  their  relations  with  the  Federal  Government, 
and  Marylanders  were  debating  what  was  the  proper  course  for  them 
to  pursue.  The  editor  oi  the  Aim&polis  Gazette,  ]Mr.  Thomas  J.  Wilson, 
published  the  following  as  his  sentiments: 

"Our  own  opinion  is  that  Maryland  should  declare  that  her  soil 
shall  not  be  the  battle  ground  for  the  fanatics  who  are  so  eager  to 
dye  their  hands  in  each  other's  blood.  To  declare  that,  whilst  her 
borders  are  free  of  transit  to  all  who  are  on  missions  of  peace,  they 
shall  never  be  crossed  by  Northern  men  or  Southern  men  in  arms. 

"To  maintain  such  a  position  it  is  necessary  that  the  Old  Maryland 
Line  be  re-organized  and  equipped.  Her  sons  are  numerous  enough 
and  courageous  enough  to  defend  the  State  lines.  But  they  must 
learn  the  soldier's  life  and  the  soldier's  skill,  or  their  courage  will  be 
unavailing.  The  volunteer  soldiery,  though  admirably  drilled,  and 
well  equipped,  are  not  numerous  enough  for  the  services  we  have 
indicated.     Arms  and  ammunition  must  be  provided,  and  men  of  un- 


History  OF   Annapolis.  283 

daunted  courage  must  be  put  in  command  of  the  army  that  can  be 
speedily  raised."  *  *  *  *  We  no  longer  urge  laope  for  the 
Union.  We  now  counsel  men  to  look  to  the  defence  of  the  State^ 
and  to  provide  for  her  welfare  when  strife  shall  cease." 

Events  sped  along  at  too  rapid  a  rate  for  the  editor  to  hold  long  to 
his  separate  sovereignity  theory,  and,  in  the  winter  of  1860-61,  the 
Gazette  is  found  violently  denouncing  the  secessionists  who  were  at- 
tempting to  draw  the  State,  as  it  alleged,  into  secession.  It  was  especi- 
ally denunciatory  of  them  for  calling,  outside  of  Gov.  Hicks,  a  sovereign 
convention  "to  declare  the  position  of  the  State  of  Maryland  in  the 
present  crisis."  This  extraordinary  project  accomplished  no  definite 
results.  The  Gazette  rapidly  drifted  from  its  passive  policy,  and  on 
February  21,  1861,  is  found  calling  the  Southerners  "Hotspurs,'* 
and  asking  this  question:  "Has  it  ever  occurred  to  you.  reader, 
that  our  present  trouljles  might  never  have  come  but  for  the  over- 
weening pride  and  audacity  of  the  Southern  politicians?"'  The 
Gazette  spoke  very  contemptuously  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  night  flight 
through  Baltimore,  and,  in  a  subsequent  editorial,  declared  tliat  Mr. 
Lincoln  intimated  to  Gov.  Hicks  that  he  could  have  any  office  he 
wished.*  March  28,  the  Gazette  says  :  "Let  Maryland  be  kept  in  the 
power  of  true  Union  men.  Let  secession,  and  all  other  hideous  isms 
be  kept  in  the  dust."  April  4,  the  Gazette s&id  :  "He  who  is  not  for 
the  Union  is  against  it.  There  is  no  half  way  place — no  middle 
ground." 

Tlie  Gazette  grew  more  and  more  furious  with  sympathizers  with  the 
South,  saying  on  April  18:  "Men  in  high  office  now-a-days  have  a 
queer  way  of  shutting  their  eyes  to  the  obligation  of  their  official  oaths. 
We  know  of  several  high  in  office  in  our  city,  who  have  solemnly 
sworn  to  support  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  Maryland  and  of  the 
United  States,  who,  nevertheless,  are  openly  preaching  rebellion 
against  the  State  and  Federal  Government,  and  urging  men  to  join 
them  in  their  diabolical  crusade.  Those  men  too,  go  to  church,  and 
jiray  God  to  deliver  us  from  'all  sedition,  piracy,  conspiracy,  and  re- 
bellion.' and  with  holy  prayers  on  their  impious  lips,  button-hole  the 
first  man  they  meet  and  pour  into  his  ear  inducements  for   sedition." 

April  25.  The  19th  of  April  had  been  passed.  The  Gazette  says  : 
"It  seems  to  be  the  impression  that  the  Legislature  will  pass  an 
ordinance  of  secession.  The  feeling  hereabouts  is  almost  unanimous  on 
the  subject.  *  *  *  *  The  excitement  here  is  terrible.  Xo  man 
seems  to  know  what  should  be  done  to  avert  the  evil  that  has  come 
upon  us  ;  and  all  admit  that  we  are  utterly  powerless  to  ofter  any 
resistance."  It  was  a  few  days  previous  to  this  that  Gov.  Hicks 
said  in  Monument  Square,  Baltimore,  that  "I  will  suffer  my  right 
arm  to  be  torn  from  my  body  before  I  will  raise  it  to  strike  a  sister 
State."  May  9,  1861,  the  editor  indignantly  denied  he  had  pandered 
in  his  issue  of  April  25,  to  the  secession  element,  and  declared  himself 
unreservedly  in  favor  of  the  Union. 

December  6,  1860,  Gov.  Hicks  wrote  to  John  Contee  : 

"In  all  my  feelings  and  interests  as  a  Southerner,  I  am  ready  to 
stand  by  the  interests  and  honor  of  the  South." 

Soon  after.  December  20,  the  Governor  approved  of,  by  procla- 
mation, the  appointment  by  President  Buchanan  of  January  4,  1861, 

•  Mr.  Wilson,  Uip  editor,  and  Gdv.  Hir-k^  ueie  vt'Ty  intitn  iite  and  Mr.  Wil- 
.'on  bei  ame  afterwards  the  Governor's  Secretary  of  State. 


884  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

as  a  day  of  Hurailiatioii,  Pasting,  and  Prayer  for  a  restoration  of 
friendship  among  tiie  States  of  the'Union,  adding  a  prayer  be  directed 
to  Almighty  God  that  "'we  may  all  again  realize 'how  pleasant  it  is 
for  brethren  to  dwell  together  in  unity.'  "        _ 

The  Governor  was  at  this  moment  besieged  with  importunities  to  con- 
vene the  Legislature.  lie  had  been  elected  as  acandidateof  the  Ameri- 
can party,  and  the  Legislature  was  democratic.  He  resisted  these  in- 
cessant petitions  with  a  rare  courage  until  the  tragic  events  of  the 
19th  of  April  in  Baltimore. 

In  the  meantime  two  parties  were  rapidly  forming  in  tlie  State — 
one  for  immediate  secession,  the  other  urging  the  maintenance  of  the 
Unioii  and  indorsing  the  course  of  Gov.  Hicks.  The  Gazette  was  a 
valiant  champion  of  Gov.  Hicks'  sentiments. 

January  4,  18(H,  the  day  appointed  by  President  Buchanan  and 
endorsed  by  Gov.  Hicks,  was  observed  in  Annapolis  by  religious  ser- 
vices at  St.  Anne's,  Salem  Methodist  Episcopal,  St.  Mary's  Catholic, 
a.nd  the  Presbyterian  Churches.  Rev.  Mr.  Davenport  preached  at  St. 
Anne's.  He  argued  that  the  national  troubles  were  brought  upon  us 
mainly  by  the  corruptions  of  politicians,  and  by  a  sort  olsaH>iCi(/(jftism 
that  luid  mastered  the  minds  of  the  people,  causing  them  to  look  to  a 
"higher  law,"  and  to,  consequently,  be  wanting  in  proper  respect  to 
our  Rulers.  He  urged  tliat  this  was  contrary  lo  the  teachings  of  the 
Bible,  aiul  exhorted  his  hearers  to  yield  tlieir  political  passions  and 
prejudices  by  submitting  to  the  will  of  those  who  rule  us  by  our  own 
elections,  and  wliose  authority  over  us  had  the  divine  sanction  taught 
in  the  Bible."  Mr.  Davenport  was  of  northern  birth,  and  continued 
to  hold  his  strong  Union  sentiments,  as  long  as  he  stayed  in  Anna- 
polis, which  was  sometime  after  hostilities  commenced ;  but  his  opinions, 
cropping  out  in  church  service,  begot  him  a  host  of  opponents.  Rev. 
Mr.  Clemm  preached  at  Salem  Church. 

Jar.uary  17,  a  meeting  was  held  in  Annajiolis.  of  svhich  Dr.  Dennis 
Claude  was  appointed  President,  Col.  John  Walton  and  Dr.  Edward 
Jacob,  Vice-Presidents.  Hon.  Alex.  Randall  offered  a  series  of  reso- 
lutions on  the  State  of  the  Union  which  were  adopted.  The  reso- 
lutions denied  the  authority  of  a  State  to  secede,  declared  the  duty  of 
the  General  Government  to  protect  itself  if  any  State  should  attemjit 
to  withdraw  from  the  Union,  and  that,  whilst  they  regret  the  election 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,  they  could  see  nothing  in  it  that  should  impair 
the  integrity  of  the  Union. 

On  Tuesday,  February  5,  a  Palnetto  Flag  was  hoisted  near  St. 
Anne's  Church.     It  was  soon  hauled  down  and  torn  in  pieces. 

On  January  31,  a  meeting  of  the  workingmen  of  Annapolis  was 
held.  Mr.  L.  W.  Seabrook  "was  made  president  ;  Col.  John  Walton, 
Vice-President,  and  Norman  Leslie,  Secretary  ;  John  E.  Stalker, 
James  E.  Hopkins,  John  R.  Magruder,  Benj.  Hopkins,  and  A;;drew 
E.  Chaney  were  made  a  committee  to  draft  resolutions.  The  reso- 
lutions which  were  adopted,  declared  unalterable  attachment  to  the 
Union  :  that  secession  was  "no  remedy  for  the  grievious  ills  under 
which  the  slaveholding  State  have  been  so  long  suffering  ;  that  the 
citizens  assembled  had  full  confidence  in  tlie  patriotism  and  integrity 
of  Gov.  Hicks."  The  resolutions  approved  of  the  Crittenden  Com'- 
proniise. 

Monday,  April  1st,  the  municipal  election  was  held.  So  soon  in  the 
titruggle  had  party  names  been  assimilated  to  political  opinions.    Only 


Rtstory  of  Ann'apoi. ts.  289 

Olio  ticket  was  voted  for — the  '•Union  ticket."  By  this  Joliu  R^ 
Magruder  was  elected  Mayor  Viy  a  vote  of  180.  and  Tholiias  .T.  Wilson 
recorder  by  184  votes. 

April  lltli  is  the  first  date  in  which  a  headline  a])peared  in  the 
Gazette  with  war  in  it.     It  was  "Tlie  War  Excitement." 

The  Xaval  Academy  began  to  j)ulsate  to  the  war  news.  Undei 
orders  from  Washington  the  anthorities  removed  the  cannon  and  ani- 
mnnition  from  the  Viattery  to  the  practice  ship  Constellation.  The  ship 
took  in  a  supply  of  oil  and  candles.  The  watchmen  were  armed  with 
revolvers.  During  this  period  Annapolis  experienced  a  neW  sensation 
in  obtaining  the  stirring  news  of  the  times  by  telegraph. 

Immediately  after  the  19th  of  April,  Gen.  Butler  began  to  land  the 
troops  en  route  for  Washington,  in  Annapolis:  thousands  of  troops 
passed  through  the  city,  and  the  town  assumed  the  appearence  of 
a  military  outpost,  and  to  experience  the  results  of  this  disthietion 
in  a  scarcity  of  provisions.  There  was  now  not  three  days  supjily  on 
hand. 

By  the  1st  of  May,  the  excitement  in  Annapolis  had  subsided,  and 
troops,  munitions  of  war.  and  provisions,  arrived  and  departed  daily 
from  the  Naval  Academy  which  had  been  made  a  depot,  on  their  way, 
via  the  Annapolis  and  Elkridge  Railroad,  to  Washington.  Their 
passage  through  the  city  no  longer  stirred  up  any  excitement.  The 
soldiers  were  well-behaved,  and  treated  the  citizens  with  every 
courtesy.  , 

This  was  not  accomplished  without  political  throes  that  threat^ 
eiied  to  make  Maryland  the  theatre  of  the  war  itself. 

Gov.  Hicks,  had,  in  viewof  the extraordinay  circumstances  inand  out 
of  the  State,  on  the  22d  of  April,  called  the  Legislature  to  meet  at  An- 
napolis on  the  26th  of  April  in  special  session,  "to  deliberate  and  con- 
sider of  the  condition  of  the  State,  and  take  such  measures  aS  in  their 
wisdom,  they  may  deem  fit  to  maintain,  peace,  order,  and  security 
within  our  limits."  Annapolis  being,  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the 
proclamation  occupied  by  Federal  ti'oops,  on  the  24th  Gov.  Hicks 
changed  the  place  of  meeting  to  Frederick  city,  Frederick  county. 

Lincoln  had  called  for  Maryland's  quota  of  troops  to  defend  the 
capital  from  a  real  or  supposed  advance  of  the  Southern  forces 
upon  Washington.  There  began  immediately  a  diplomatic  corres- 
pence  between  Gov.  Hicks  and  the  Federal  authorities  as  to  the  use 
of  Maryland's  levy.  Whilst  this  was  proceeding,  the  people  of  Mary- 
land, whose  sympathies  were  deeply  aroused  for  the  South,  began  to 
grow  restive  and  threatening  under  the  intention  of  the  Federal 
government  to  force  its  troops  through  Maryland  to  Washington.  The 
19th  of  April  came  with  its  startling  ejiisode  in  the  streets  of  Balti- 
more. The  correspondence  changed  from  diplomatic  to  dramatic. 
These  letters  and  telegrams  bring  the  actors  on  the  stage  and  shift 
the  scenes  with  living  vividness.  The  first  letter  on  the  subject  waS 
this  : 

War  Department,         \ 
His  Excellency,  April  17th,  18G1.      / 

THOS.  H.  hicks, 

Governor  of  Maryland. 

Dear  Sir  : — The  President  has  referred  me  to  your  letter  of  this 
day,  and,  in  reply,  I  have  the  honor  to  say  that  the  troops  to  be  raised 


26Q  "  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T    C  I  T  Y  .  '  ' 

in  Maryland  will  be  needeil  for  the  defense  of  this  Capital,  and  of  the 
public  jiroperty  in  that  State  and  neighborhood.     There  is  no  inten- 
tion of  removing  them  beyond  those  points. 
Very  resiiectfully, 

SIMON  CAMERON, 

Secretary  of  War. 

This  note  was  followed  by  the  annexed  correspondence  : 

Baltimore,  April  17th,  18C1. 
To  the  President  of  the  Um'/ed  Sfafes  : 

Sir  : — From  the  conversati' :n  I  had  yesterday,  in  Washington,  with 
the  Secretary  of  War,  and  with  Lientenant-General  Scott,  I  under- 
stood that  the  four  regiments  of  militia  to  be  called  for  from  Mary- 
land were  to  be  posted  and  retained  within  the  limits  of  this  State. 
for  the  defense  of  the  United  States  Government,  the  maintenance  of 
the  Federal  authority,  and  the  protection  of  the  Federal  Capital.  1 
also  imderstood  it  was  the  intention  of  the  United  States  Government 
not  to  require  their  services  outside  of  Maryland,  except  in  defense  of 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  state,  whether  I  am  right  in  this  under- 
standing, so  that,  in  responding  to  the  lawful  demands  of  the  United 
States  Government,  I  may  be  able  to  give  effective  and  reliable  aid  for 
the  supjKirt  and  defence  of  this  Union. 

I  have  the  honor  to  he  your  obedientt  servant, 

TIIOS.  H.  HICKS, 
Governor  of  Maryland. 

War  Department, 
Washi: 
To  His  Exgellexcy, 


Washixuton,  April  17th,  1801. 


} 


THOS.  H.  HICKS. 

Governor  of  Maryland. 
Sir  : — The  President  has  referred  to  me  your  eonnnunication  of  this 
date,  in  relation  to  our  conversation  of  the  previous  day,  and  I   have 
the  honor  to  say,  in  reply,  that  your  statement  of  it  is  correct. 

The  troops  called  for  from  Maryland  are  destined  for  the  protection 
of  the  Federal  Capital  and  the  public  property  of  the  United  States 
within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Maryland  ;  and  it  is  not  intended  to 
remove  them  beyond  those  limits  except  for  the  defense  of  this  Dis- 
trict. 

I  have  the  honor  to  he  yours,  &c., 

SIMON  CAMERON. 

Secretary  of  War. 

War  Depart.mext,         1 
Washington,  April  18th,  1861.  / 
To  His  Excellency, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS, 

Governor  of  Maryland. 
Sir  :— The  President  is  informed  that  threats  are  made,  and  meas- 
ures taken,  by  unlawful  combinations  of  misguided  citizens  of  Mary- 


History  of    Annapolis.  287 

land,  to  prevent  by  force  the  transit  of  United  States  troops,  across 
Maryland,  on  their  way,  pnrsnant  to  orders,  for  the  defense  of  this 
capital.  The  information  is  from  SHch  sources  and  in  such  shapes, 
that  the  President  thinks  it  his  duty  to  make  it  known  to  you,  so  that 
all  loyal  and  patriotic  citizens  of  your  State  may  be  warned  in  time, 
and  that  you  may  Vje  prepared  to  take  immediate  and  effective  meas- 
ures against  it. 

Such  an  attempt  could  have  only  the  most  deplorable  consequences  f^ 
and  it  would  be  as  agreeable  to  the  President,  as  it  would  be  to  your- 
self that  it  should  be  prevented,  or  overcome  by  the  loyal  authorities 
And  citizens  of  Maryland,  rather  than  averted  by  any  other  means. 
I  am  very  respectfully,  yours,  &c., 

SIMON  CAMEROX, 

Secretary  of  War. 

STATE  OF  MARYLAND, 

Executive  Chamber,  \ 
AxNAPOLis,  April  20th,  1861.  / 
HON.  S.  CAMERON, 

Sir  : — Since  I  saw  you  in  Washington  last,  I  have  been  been  in  Bal- 
timore City,  laboring  in  conjunction  with  the  Mayor  of  that  city  to 
preserve  peace  and  order,  but  I  regret  to  say  with  little  success.  V]> 
to  yesterday  there  apjieared  promise,  but  the  outbreak  came,  the 
turbulent  passions  of  the  riotous  element  prevailed,  fear  for  safety 
became  reality,  what  the^  endeavored  to  conceal,  but  what  was  known 
to  us,  was  no  longer  concealed  but  made  manifest  ;  the  rebellious  ele- 
ment had  the  control  of  things.  We  were  arranging  and  organizing 
forces  to  protect  the  city  and  preserve  order,  Init  want  of  organiza- 
tion, of  arms,  prevented  success.  They  had  arms,  they  had  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  organized  military  forces  with  them,  and  for  us  to 
have  made  the  effort,  under  the  circumstances,  would  have  had  the 
effect  to  aid  the  disoi'derly  element.  They  took  possession  of  the 
Armories,  have  the  arms  and  ammunition,  and  1  therefore  think  it 
prudent,  to  decline,  (for  the  present,)  responding  affirmatively  to  the 
requisition  made  by  President  Lincoln,  for  four  regiments  of  infantry. 
With  great  respect  I  am  your  obedient  servant, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 

Frederick  City,  Mb.,  April  20th,  1861. 
His  Excellency, 

THOMAS  H.  HICKS. 

Governor  of  the  State  Maryland, 

Annapolis,  Md. 

Sir: — In  obedience  to  Special  Orders,  No.  106  Adjutant  General's 
Office,  Washington,  D.  C.  of  April  15th,  1861,  (detailing  me  to 
muster  into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  the  troops  of  this 
State  called  out  by  the  President's  proclamation  of  that  date,)  I  have 
the  honor  to  report  to  you  my  arrival  at  this  place. 

I  would  he  pleased  to  receive  from  you,  at  your  earliest  convenience, 


288  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

information  and  instructions   you  may  liave  to   communicate  to  me,- 
in  reference  to  tliis  duty. 

I  am  sir,  very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

R.  MACFEELY, 

Isf  Lieut.  4th  Infantry. 

STATE  OP  MARYLAND, 

Executive  Chamber.  \ 

Annapolis,  April  23d,  1861.    j 

B.  MACFBELY,  Esq., 

1st  Lieut.  4th  Infantry. 
Sir  : — Your  letter  of  the  20th  inst.  was  received  this  morninff.  1 
am  directed  by  the  Governor  to  inform  you  that  no  troops  have  l)een 
called  out  in  Maryland,  and  that  consequently  your  mission  is  at  an 
end.  And  you  will  therefore  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  who 
has  been  informed  of  the  Governor's  views  in  this  matter. 
Your  obedient  servant, 

GEORGE  W.  JEFFERSON, 

Private  Secretary^ 

ANiiAPOLis,  April  20th,  1861. 
To  the  Secretary  of  War  : 

I  have  understood  that  it  is  contemplated  to  send  Northern  Troops 
to  garrison  Port  Madison. 

I  would  earnestly  advise  that  none  be  sent. 

Respectfully, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 

TELEGRAPHIC  DISPATCH. 

Washington,  April  20th,  1861. 
GOV.  HICKS, 

I  desire  to  consult  with  you  and  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore,  relative 
to  preserving  the  peace  of  Maryland.  Please  come  immediately  by 
special  train,  wliich  you  can  take  at  Baltimore,  or  if  necessary  one  can 
be  sent  from  hence.     Answer  forthwith. 

LINCOLN. 


STATE  OF  MARYLAND, 

Executive 
Annapolis,  April  22d,  1861 


Executive  Chamber,         \ 


To  His  Excellency, 
A.  LINCOLN, 

President  of  the  United  States. 
Sir  : — I  feel  it  my  duty  most  especially  to  advise  you  that  no  more 
troops  be  ordered  or  allowed  to  pass  through  Maryland,  and  that  the 
troops  now  off  Annapolis  be  sent  elsewhere,  and  I  most   respectfully 


History  of  Annapolis.  289 

-urge  that  a  truce  be  offered  by  you,  so  that  the  effusion  of  blood  may 
he  prevented.     I  respectfully  suggest,  that  Lord  Lyons  be  requested 
•-to  act  as  mediator  between  the  contending  parties  of  our  country. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 

Department  of  State,         \ 
April  32d,  1861,    / 
His  Excellency, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS, 

Governor  of  Maryland. 

Sir  : — ^I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  communication  of  this 
.morning,  in  which  you  inform  me  that  you  have  felt  it  to  be  your 
duty  to  advise  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  order  elsewhere 
the  troops  then  off  Annapolis,  and  also  that  no  more  may  be  sent 
through  Maryland,  and  that  you  have  farther  suggested  that  Lord 
Lyons  be  requested  to  act  as  mediator  between  the  contending  parties 
in  our  country,  to  prevent  the  effusion  of  blood. 

The  President  directs  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  that  com- 
munication, and  to  assure  you  that  he  has  weighed  the  counsels  which 
it  contains  with  the  respect  which  he  habitually  cherishes  for  the 
."Chief  Magistrates  of  the  several  States,  and  especially  for  yourself. 
He  regrets,  as  deeply  as  any  magistrate  or  citizen  of  the  country  can, 
that  demonstration,  against  the  safety  of  the  United  States,  with  very 
.extensive  preparations  for  the  effusion  of  blood,  have  made  it  his  duty 
to  call  out  the  forces  to  which  you  allude.  The  force  now  sought  to  be 
brought  through  Maryland  is  intended  for  nothing  but  the  defense  of 
this  Capital.  The  President  has  necessarily  confided  the  choice  of 
.the  national  highway,  which  that  force  shall  take  in  coming  to  this 
city,  to  the  Lieutenant-General  commanding  the  army  of  the  United 
States,  who,  like  his  only  predecessor,  is  not  less  distinguished  for  his 
,'humanity  than  for  his  loyalty,  patriotism,  and  distinguished  public 
service. 

The  President  instructs  me  to  add,  that  the  national  highway  thus 
selected  by  the  Lieutenant-General  has  been  chosen  by  him  upon  con- 
sultation with  prominent  magistrates  and  citizens  of  Maryland  as  the 
one  which,  while  a  route  is  absolutely  necessary,  is  farthest  removed 
from  the  populous  cities  of  the  State,  and  with  the  expectation  that 
it  would  therefore  be  the  least  objectionable  one. 

The  President  cannot  but  remember  that  there  has  been  a  time  in 
the  history  of  our  country,  when  a  General  of  the  American  Union, 
with  forces  designed  for  the  defense  of  its  Capital,  was  not  unwelcome 
Anywhere  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  and  certainly  not  at  Annapolis, 
then,  as  now,  the  Capital  of  that  patriotic  State,  and  then  also  one  of 
the  Capitals  of  the  Union. 

If  eighty  years  could  have  obliterated  all  the  other  noble  sentiments 

of  that  age  in  Maryland,  the  President  would  be  hopeful  nevertheless 

ihat  there  is  one  that  would  forever  remain  there  and  everywhere. 

"That  sentiment  is,   that   no  domestic  contention  whatever,  that  may 

19 


290  "The  Ancient  City." 

arise  among  the  parties  of  this  Republic  ought,  in  any  case,  to  be* 
referred  to  any  foreign  arbitrament,  least  of  all  to  the  arliitrament  ol 
an  European  monarchy. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

With  distinguished'consideration, 

Your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD. 

[  Telegram  from  Mayor  Brotai.] 

Baltimore,  April  20, 1861. 
To  Governor  Hicks : 

Letter  from  President  and  Gen.  Scott.  No  troops  to  pass  throughr 
Baltimore,  if,  as  a  military  force,  they  can  march  around.  I  will  an- 
swer that  every  eifort  will  be  made  to  prevent  parties  leaving  the  city 
to  molest  them  ;  but  cannot  guarantee  against  acts  of  individuals  not 
organized.    Do  you  approve  ? 

GEO.  WM.  BROWN. 

[Telegram  in  Heply."] 

Annapolis,  April  20,  1861. 

To  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  : 

Your  dispatch  received.  I  hoped  they  would  send  no  more  troops 
through  Maryland  ;  but,  as  we  have  no  right  to  demand  this,  I  am 
glad  no  more  are  to  be  sent  through  Baltimore.  I  know  you  will  do- 
all  in  your  power  to  preserve  the  peace. 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 


[Telegram  to  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore.^ 

Annapolis,  April  20,  1861, 
I  have  received  the  following  dispatch  : 

"I  desire  to  consult  with  you  and  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  relative 
to  preserving  the  peace  of  Maryland.  Please  come  immediately  by 
special  train,  which  you  can  take  at  Baltimore,  or,  if  necessary  one 
can  be  sent  from  here.  Lincoln." 

Have  you  received  a  similar  dispatch  ?  If  so,  do  you  intend  going,- 
and  at  what  hour  ?    My  going  depends  upon  you.     Answer  at  once. 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 

[Telegram  in  reply,  without  signature.'] 
To  the  Governw  of  Maryland : 

The  Mayor  is  in  Washington.  We  have  no  knowledge  of  any  sucb 
movement. 

[Telegram  to  Mayor  Broum..] 

^    ,  Annapolis,  April  21,  1801, 

To  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  ; 

It  is  rumored  here  that  men  have  been  sent  for  from  Baltimore  to 
come  here  to  prevent  the  landing  of  troops.  Do  not  let  them  come. 
The  troops  will  not  land  here. 

THOS.  H.  HICKS. 


History  of  Avnapolis.  394 

STATE  OF  MARYLAND, 

Executive  Chamber,  Annapolis,  April  20,  1861.  ' 
To  tJie  Comma'iuler  of  the  Volunteer  Troops  on  Board  the  Steamer  : 
Sir  : — I  would  most  earnestly  advise  that  you  do  not  land  your 
men  at  Annapolis.  The  excitement  here  is  very  great,  and  I  think 
that  you  should  take  your  men  elsewhere.  I  have  telegraphed  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  advising  against  your  landing  your  men  here. 
Very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS, 

Governor  of  Maryland. 

Seal  of  the  State  of  \ 
Massachusetts.        j 

Off  Annapolis,  April  22d,  1861. 
His  Excellency  T/ios.  H.  Hicks,  Governor  of  Maryland : 

In  reply  to  the  communication  from  you  on  the  31st,  I  had  the 
honor  to  inform  you  of  the  necessities  of  my  command,  which  drew 
me  into  the  harbor  of  Annapolis.  My  circumstances  have  not 
changed.  To  that  communication  I  have  received  no  reply.  I  can- 
not return,  if  I  desire  so  to  do,  without  being  furnished  with  some 
necessary  supplies.  Cor  all  which  the  money  will  be  paid.  I  desire  of 
your  Excellency  an  immediate  reply,  whether  I  have  the  permission 
of  the  State  authorities  of  Maryland  to  land  the  men  under  my  com- 
mand, and  of  passing  quickly  through  the  State,  on  my  way  to 
Washington,  respecting  private  property,  and  paying  for  what  I  re- 
ceive, and  outraging  the  rights  of  none — a  duty  which  I  am  bound  to 
do  in  obedience  to  the  requisitions  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  ? 

I  have  received  some  copies  of  an  informal  correspondence  between 
the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  and  the  President  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  a  copy  of  a  note  from  your  Excellency,  enclosing 
the  same  to  Capt.  Blake,  Commandant  of  the  Naval  School.  These 
purport  to  show  that  instructions  have  been  issued  by  the  War  De- 
partment as  to  the  disposition  of  the  United  States  militia,  differing 
from  what  I  had  supposed  to  l>e  my  duty.  If  these  instructions  have 
been  in  fact  issued,  it  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  obey  them. — 
Have  I  yoiir  Excellency's  permission,  in  consideration  of  these 
exigencies  of  the  case,  to  land  my  men — to  supply  their  wants,  and 
to  relieve  them  from  the  extreme  and  unhealthy  confinement  of  a 
transport  vessel  not  fitted  to  receive  them  ?  To  convince  your  Ex- 
cellency of  the  good  faith  towards  the  authorities  of  the  State  of 
Maryland,  with  which  I  am  acting,  and  I  am  armed  only  against  the 
disturbers  of  her  peace  and  of  the  United  States,  I  enclose  a  copy  of  an 
order  issued  to  my  command  before  I  had  the  honor  of  receiving  the 
copy  of  your  commnnication  through  Capt.  Blake.  I  trust  your  Ex- 
cellency will  appreciate  the  necessities  of  my  position,  and  give  mean 
immediate  reply,  which  I  await  with  anxiety. 

I  would  do  myself  the  honor  to  have  a  personal  interview  with  your 
Excellency,  if  you  so  desire.  I  beg  leave  to  call  your  Excellency's 
attention  to  what  I  hope  may  be  pardoned  for  deeming  an  ill-advised 


"192  "The  Anciemt  City.'' 

desigaation  of  the  men  under  my  command.     They  are  not  Northern 
troops — they  are  a  part  of  the  whole  militia  of  the  United  States, 
■'Cbeying  the  call  of  the  President. 

I  have  the  honor  of  being  your  Excellency's  obedient  serrant, 
BENJ.  P.  BUTLER, 
Brig.  General  in  the  Militia  of  the  United  S<-»tes. 
p.  g. — It  occurs  to  me  that  omr  landing  on  tne  grounds  at  the 
Naval  Academy  would  be  entirely  p^-oper,  and  in  accordance  with 
your  Excellency's  wishes.  B.  F.  B. 


} 


Seal  of  the  State  op 

Massachusetts. 
Special  Brigade,  Order  No.  37. 

Headquarters  Second  Division  Mass.  Vol.  Militia,  \ 
On  hoard  steamer  3Iaryland,  off  Annapolis,  April  22d,  1861.  j 

Col.  Munroe  is  charged  with  the  execution  of  the  following  order  : 
At  five  o'clock  A.  M.  the  troops  will  be  paraded  by  company  and  be 
drilled  in  the  manual  of  arms.  Especially  in  loading  at  will,  firing 
by  file,  and  in  the  use  of  the  bayonet,  and  these  specialties  will  be  ob- 
served in  all  subsequent  drills  in  the  manual.  Such  drill  to  continue 
until  7  o'clock,  when  all  the  arms  will  be  stacked  upon  the  upper 
deck — great  care  being  taken  to  instruct  the  men  as  to  the  mode  of 
stacking  their  arms,  so  that  a  firm  stack,  not  easily  overturned,  shall 
be  made.  Being  oVjliged  to  drill  at  times  with  the  weapons  loaded, 
great  damage  may  be  done  by  the  overturning  of  the  stack  and  the 
discharging  the  piece.  This  is  important.  Indeed,  an  accident  has 
already  occurred  in  the  regiment  from  this  cause,  and  although  slight 
in  its  consequence,  yet  it  warns  us  to  increased  diligence  in  this  re- 
gard. The  purpose  which  could  only  be  hinted  at  in  the  orders  of 
yesterday  has  been  accomplished.  The  frigate  Constellation  has  lain 
for  a  long  time  at  this  port  substantially  at  the  mercy  of  the  armed 
mob,  which  sometimes  paralyzes  the  otherwise  loyal  State  of  Mary- 
land. Deeds  of  daring,  successful  contests,  and  glorious  victories  had 
rendered  "Old  Ironsides"  so  conspicuous  in  the  naval  history  of  the 
country,  that  she  was  fitly  chosen  as  the  school  ship  in  which  to  train 
the  future  officers  of  the  navy  to  like  heroic  acts. 

It  was  given  to  Masschusetts  and  Essex  county  first  to  man  her  ; 
it  was  reserved  for  Massachusetts  to  have  the  honor  to  retain  her  for 
the  service  of  the  Union  and  the  laws. 

This  is  a  sufficient  triumph  of  right,  and  a  sufficient  triumph  for  us. 
By  this  the  blood  of  our  friends  shed  by  the  Baltimore  mob  is  in  so 
far  avenged.  The  Eighth  Regiment  may  hereafter  cheer  lustily  on  all 
proper  occasions,  but  never  without  orders.  The  old  Constitution,  by 
their  efforts,  aided  untiringly  by  the  United  States  officers  having  her 
in  charge,  is  now  safely  "possessed,  occupied,  and  enjoyed"  by  the 
government  of  the  United  States,  and  is  safe  from  all  her  foes. 

We  have  been  joined  by  the  Seventh  Regiment  of  New  York,  aad 
together  we  propose  peaceably,  quickly,  and  civilly,  unless  opposed  by 
some  mob,  or  other  disorderly  persons,  to  march  to  Washington,  in 
obedience  to  the  requisitions  of  the  President  of  United  States.  If 
opposed,  we  shall  march  steadily  forward. 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  298 

My  next  order  I  hardly  know  how  to  express.  I  cannot  assume 
that  any  of  the  citizen  soldiery  of  Massachusetts  or  New  York  could, 
under  any  circumstances  whatever,  commit  any  outrages  upon  private 
property  in  a  loyal  and  friendly  State.  But  fearing  that  some  im- 
proper person  may  have  by  stealth  introduced  himself  among  us,  I 
deem  it  proper  to  state,  that  any  unauthorized  interference  with  pri- 
vate property  will  be  most  signally  punished,  and  full  reparation  there- 
fore made  to  the  injured  party,  to  .the  full  extent  of  my  power  and 
ability.  In  so  doing,  I  but  carry  out  the  orders  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment.    I  should  have  done  so  without  those  orders. 

Col.  Munroe  will  cause  these  orders  to  be  read  at  the  head  of  eacb 
company  before  we  march. 

Col.  LefEert's  command  not  having  been  originally  included  in  this 
order,  he  will  be  furnished  with  a  copy  for  his  instruction. 
By  order  of 

B.  F.  BUTLER, 

Brig.  General. 


{signed} 


WILLIAM  H.  CLEMENS 

Brig.  Major. 


State  of  Maryland,  "1 


[Executive  CTianiber,  Annapolis,  April  22,  1861. 
To  Brig.  Gen.  B.  F.  Butter: 

Sir — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  two  communications  of  this  date,  in- 
forming me  of  your  intention  to  land  the  men  under  your  command  at 
Annapolis,  for  the  purpose  of  marching  thence  to  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington. I  content  myself  with  protesting  against  this  movement, 
which,  in  view  of  the  excited  condition  of  the  people  of  this  State,  I 
cannot  but  consider  an  unwise  step  on  the  part  of  the  Government. 
But  I  most  earnestly  urge  upon  you  that  there  shall  be  no  halt  made 
by  the  troops  in  this  city. 

Very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

TH.  H.  HICKS. 

State  of  Maryland,  \ 

'    Executive  Chamler,  Annapolis,  April  23,  1861.       / 
To  Brig.  Gen.  B.  F.  Butter: 

Sir:  Having,  in  pursuance  of  the  powers  vested  in  me  by  the  Con- 
stitution of  Maryland,  summoned  the  Legislature  of  the  State  to  as- 
semble on  Friday,  the  26th  instant  ;  and  Annapolis  being  the  place 
in  which,  according  to  law,  it  must  assemble  ;  and  having  been  credi- 
bly informed  that  you  have  taken  military  possession  of  the  Annapolis 
and  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  protest  against  this 
step  ;  because,  without  at  present  assigning  any  other  reason,  I  am 
informed  that  such  occupany  of  said  road  will  prevent  the  members 
of  the  Legislature  from  reaching  this  city. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

THOS.  H.  HICKS.       ' 


294  ''The  Ancient  City." 

•Seal  of  the  State  of   \ 
Massachusetts.         j 

Headquarters  Third  Brigade,  "| 

United  States  Militia,  >■ 

Annapolis,  Md.,  April  33,  1861.    J 

To  His  Excellency  Thos.  H.  Ricks, 

Governor  of  Maryland: 

Vou  are  credibly  informed  that  I  have  taken  possession  of  the 
Annapolis  and  Elkridge  Kailroad.  It  might  have  escaped  your 
notice,  but  at  the  official  meeting  between  your  Excellency  and  the 
Mayor  of  Annapolis,  and  the  authorities  of  the  government  and 
myself,  it  was  expressly  stated  as  the  reason  why  I  should  not  land, 
that  my  troops  could  not  pass  the  railroad,  because  the  company  had 
taken  up  the  rails,  and  they  were  private  property.  It  is  difficult  to 
;iee  how  it  could  be,  that  if  my  troops  could  not  pass  over  the  rail- 
road one  way,  the  members  of  the  Legislature  could  pass  the  other 
way.  I  have  taken  possession  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  car- 
rying out  of  the  threats  of  the  mob,  as  officially  represewted  to  me  by 
the  Master  of  Transportation  of  this  city  "that  if  my  troops  passed 
over  the  railroad,  the  railroad  should  be  destroyed." 

If  the  government  of  the  State  had  taken  possession  of  the  railroad 
in  any  emergency,  I  should  have  long  waited  before  I  entered  upon 
it.  But,  as  I  had  the  honor  to  inform  your  Excellency  in  regard  to 
insurrection  against  the  laws  of  Maryland,  I  am  here  armed  to  main- 
tain those  laws,  if  your  Excellency  desires,  and  the  peace  of  the 
United  States,  against  all  disorderly  persons  whatever.  I  am  en- 
deavoring to  save  and  not  to  destroy  ;  to  obtain  means  of  transpor- 
tation, so  I  can  vacate  the  capital  prior  to  the  sitting  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  not  be  under  the  painful  necessity  of  occupying  your  beauti- 
ful city  while  the  Legislature  is  in  session. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be. 

Your  Excellency's  obedient  servant, 

Br.  Gex.  B.  F.  Butler. 


Headquarters  Third  Brigade  "j 

Mass.  Vol.  Militia,  [■ 

Annapolis,  Md.,  April  23,  1861.    j 
To  His  Excellency  Thos.  11.  Hicks, 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Maryland: 
I  did  myself  the  honor,  in  my  communication  of  yesterday,  wherein 
I  asked  permission  to  land  the  jjortion  of  the  militia  o:  the  United 
States  under  my  command,  to  state  that  they  were  armed  only 
against  the  disturbers  of  the  peace  of  the  State  of  Maryland  and  of 
the  L'nited  States. 

I  have  understood  within  the  last  hour  that  some  apprehensions 
were  entertained  of  an  insurrection  of  the  negro  population  of  this 
neighborhood.  I  am  anxious  to  convince  all  classes  of  persons  that 
the  forces  under  my  command  are  not  here  in  any  way  to  interfere 
with  or  countenance  any  interference  with  the  laws  of  the  State.  I 
am,  therefore,  ready  to  co-operate  with  your  Excellency  in  suppress- 


HisTORTOF  Annapolis.  "         295 

"tug  most  promptly  and  effectively  any  insurrection  against  the  laws 
of  Maryland. 

I  beg,  therefore,  that  you  announce  publicly  that  any  portion  of  the 
forces  under  my  command  is  at  your  Excellency's  disposal,  to  act 
immediately  for  the  preservation  and  quietness  of  the  peace  of  this 
community. 

And  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  Excellency's  obedient  servant, 
B.  F.  BUTLER, 
General  of  Third  Brigade. 

State  of  Maryland,  \ 

Executive  Chamber,  Annapolis,  April  33,  1861.  j 

To  Bri(/.  (ren.  B.  F.  Butler : 

Sir — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
this  morning,  tendering  the  force  under  your  command  to  aid  in  sup- 
pressing a  rumored  insurrection  of  the  slaves  of  this  county. 

I  thank  you  most  sincerely  for  the  tender  of  your  men  ;  but  I  had, 
before  the  receipt  of  your  letter,  directed  the  Sheriff  of  the  County  to 
act  in  tl\e  matter ;   and  am  confident   that  the  citizens  of  the  county 
are  fully  able  to  suppress  any  insurrection  of  our  slave  population. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

TH.  H.  HICKS. 

.COPY    OF    DISPATCHES    FROM    BRIG.     GEN.    BUTLER    TO 
GOVERNOR  CURTIN. 

To  His  Excdhnry,  Andrew  Curtin,  Comnuuider  in  Chief  of  the 
Forces  of  Pennsylvania  : 
Sir  :  Should  this  dispatch  be  forwarded  to  you,  countersigned  by 
His  Excellency  Thomas  H.  Hicks,  Governor  of  Maryland,  you  will 
please  to  understand  that  the  insurgents  have  surrendered  Pikeville 
Arsensal,  and  that  it,  therefore,  will  not  be  necessary  to  advance  your 
itroops,  as  you  were  yesterday  requested  by  me. 

B.  F.  BUTLER, 
Brigadier  General. 
Annapolis,  April  24th,  1861. 

State  of  Maryland,  \ 

Executive  Chamber,  Annapolis,  April  24:th,  1861.      J 
To  Brig.  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler : 

Sir : — A  despatch  signed  by  you,  addressed  to  Gov.  A.  Curtin,  has 
been  received  by  me,  with  a  verbal  request  that  I  countersign  it,  and 
have  it  forwarded  to  its  address. 

In  reference  to  the  Arsenal  at  Pikeville,  I  have  no  official  infor- 

jnation.     1  do  not  know  who  is  now  in  possesion  of  it.     I  am  cut  off 

'from  all  communication  with  other  parts  of  the  State  ;  and  have  no 

iTneans  to  forward  your  dispatch,  if  I  were  willing  to  countersign  it. 

I  am  compelled,  therefore,  to  decline  to  accede  to  your  request. 

Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

TH.  H.  HICKS. 


J{96  "The  Ancient   City." 

These  rapid  and  warlike  events,  Gov.  Hicks,  in  his  message  to  thep 
Legislature,  April  27,  thus  depicted  to  that  body  th^en  in  session  at 
Frederick : 

"On  Sunday  morning  last,  I  discovered  that  a  detachment  of  troops, 
under  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler,  had  reached  Annapolis 
in  a  steamer,  and  had  taken  possession  of  the  practice  ship  Consti- 
tution, which,  during  that  day,  they  succeeded  in  getting  outside  the 
harbor  of  Annapolis,  where  she  now  lies.  After  getting  the  ship  ofl^ 
the  steamer  laid  outside  our  harbor,  aud  was  soon  joined  by  another 
steamer,  having  on  board  the  Seventh  Regiment  from  New  York 
City. 

"Brig.  Gen.  Butler  addressed  me,  asking  for  permission  to  land  his- 
forces.  It  will  be  seen,  from  the  correspondence  herewith  submitted, 
that  I  refused  my  consent.  The  Mayor  of  Annapolis  also  protested. 
But  both  steamers  soon  afterwards  landed  at  the  Naval  Academy  and- 
put  off  the  troops.  Subsequently,  other  large  bodies  of  troops- 
reached  here  in  transports  and  were  landed.  1  was  notified  that  the 
troops  were  to  be  marched  to  Washington.  They  desired  to  go  with- 
out obstruction  from  our  people  ;  but  they  had  orders  to  go  to  Wash- 
ington, and  were  determined  to  obey  those  orders.  In  furtherance  of 
their  designs,  they  took  military  possession  of  the  Annapolis  and  Elk 
Ridge  Railroad ;  in  regard  to  which  act  I  forwarded  to  Brig.  Gen. 
Butler  the  protest,  and  received  the  reply  herewith  submitted.  On 
Wednesday  morning  the  two  detachments  first  landed  took  up  the 
line  of  march  for  Washington.  The  people  of  Annapolis,  though 
greatly  exasperated,  acting  under  counsel  of  the  most  prudent  citi- 
zens, refrained  from  molesting  or  ol^structing  the  passage  of  the 
troops  through  the  city. 

"Seriously  impressed  with  the  condition  of  afl'airs,  and  anxious  to- 
avoid  a  repetition  of  events  similar  to  those  which  had  transpired  in 
Baltimore,  I  deemed  it  my  duty  to  make  another  appeal  to  the 
authorities  at  Washington.  Accordinglv,  I  sent  a  special  messenger 
to  Washington,  with  a  despatch  to  the'administration  advising  that 
no  more  troops  be  sent  through  Maryland  ;  that  the  troops  at  Anna- 
polis be  sent  elsewhere  ;  and  urging  that  a  truce  be  offered  with  a 
view  of  a  peaceful  settlement  of  existing  difficulties  by  mediation.  I 
suggested  that  Lord  Lyons,  the  British  Minister,  be  requested  to  act 
as  mediator  between  the  contending  parties.  The  result  of  the 
^iffion  will  be  seen  from  the  correspondence  herewith  submitted. 

"These  events  have  satisfied  me  that  the  War  Department  has  con- 
cluded to  make  Annapolis  the  point  for  landing  troops,  and  has  re- 
solved to  open  and  maintain  communication  between  this  place  and 
Washington." 

Annapolis  thus  became  an  important  military  station,  and  so  re- 
mained to  the  close  of  the  war. 

[1861.]  Although  the  editor  of  the  Gazette  had  abandoned  the 
lone  star  policy  for  Maryland,  Gov.  Hicks,  up  to  April  25,  ISGI,  had 
not  given  up  the  hope  that  Maryland  would  not  be  a  battle  ground. 
Writing  from  AnnapoHs  on  that  date  to  the  Legislature  at  Frederick, 
the  Governor  said  :  "I  can  give  no  other  counsel  than  that  we  shall 
array  ourselves  for  Union  and  peace,  and  thus  preserve  our  soil  from 
being  polluted  with  the  blood  of  brethren."  Gov.  Hicks'  remedy  was 
of  one  kind  and  the  editor  of  the  Gazette's  another.     Both  were- 


History  op  Annapolis.  297 

equally  inefficacious  as  the  battles  of  Monocacy,  Sharpsburg,  and 
Antietam  well  attest. 

May  9,  1861,  the  Gazette  had  to  defend  its  assertions  made  April  35, 
Amongst  these  were  that  "the  people  pf  Annapolis  are  highly  indig- 
nant at  the  occupation  of  our  city.  But  were  powerless  to  oppose 
them.  Yielding  to  the  advice  of  the  more  prudent,  our  people  have 
refrained  from  any  open  demonstration  against  the  troops."  Also, 
that ''the  feeling  hereabouts  is  almost  unanimous  on  the  subject"—' 
that  is,  on  secession.  He  asserted  that  "at  the  time  we  penned  them 
tkey  were  undoubtedly  true,  so  far  as  we  were  able  to  ascertain." 
He  added  that  "no  doubt  noio  (May  9,)  secession  is  at  a  discount  in 
Annapolis,  because  such  a  thing  makes  a  disagreeable  impression  in 
the  minds  of  the  troops,"  and  because  it  is  "the  thing"  now  to  be  a 
Union  man. 

A  town  meeting  was  held  May  4,  of  which  John  R.  Magruder  was 
President,  Dr.  Dennis  Claude  and  Col.  John  Walton,  Vice-Presidents, 
and  Oliver  Miller,  Secretary,  "to  take  into  consideration  the  proposed 
action  of  the  Legislature  to  appoint  a  committee  of  Public  Safety.  The 
committee  on  resolutions  were  :  A.  Randall,  Dr.  John  Ridout,  Frank 
H.  Stockett,  and  Wm.  L.  Seabrook.  The  meeting  resolved  that  "the 
proposed  bill  was  an  act  of  lawless  despotism,  and  that  the  passage 
thereof  would  be  calculated  to  bring  the  people  of  this  State  in  con- 
flict with  General  Government." 

By  May  13,  the  Government  had  a  track  laid  from  the  Naval 
Academy,  via  the  College  Avenue,  to  the  Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge 
Depot,  and  munitions  of  war  were  landed  at  the  Naval  Academy,  and 
carried  to  Washington  w'thout  change   of  cars. 

Col.  Smith  of  the  13th  New  York  was,  at  this  period,  given  com- 
mand of  the  Naval  Academy,  the  cadets  having  taken  their  flight  to 
Newport,  Rhode  Island.  Col.  Smith,  May  14,  "treated  the  citizens  to  • 
a  parade  of  the  regiment  through  the  town,  a  stratagem  adroitly  laid 
to  allay  any  latent  feeling  of  secession  in  the  city.  The  little 
assumptions  of  authority  of  the  colonel  commanding  the  post  Itrought 
out  one  of  the  local  poets  to  declare  in  print  : 

"That  Colonel  Smith  is  a  mighty  warrior, 

He  commands  our  Naval  School, 
And  he  acts  both  judge  and  lawyer. 
Though  sometimes  he  acts  the  fool." 

There  were  several  other  verses,  and  they  found  their  way  into  the 
hands  of  the  colonel,  who,  instead  of  resenting  this  rhythmic  criticism, 
enjoyed  the  effusion,  and  complimented  the  unknown  author  on  his 
wit  and  verse. 

The  older  heads  that  held  secession  views  found  it  wise  to  be  quiet, 
but  a  young  compary  of  secession  youths  boldly  dressed  in  red,  with 
wooden  guns,  paraded  the  town  without  fear  or  molestation,  and  on 
the  night  of  July  21,  1861,  when  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Bull  Run 
reached  Annapolis,  a  crowd  of  young  Southern  sympathizers  marched  ■ 
down  town  singing  and  rejoicing  over  the  defeat  of  the  Federal  troops. 
But  that  was  the  last  of  it,  the  Federal  authorities  found  they  had 
earnest  work  on  hand  and  open  sympathy  was  met  with  the  same 
vigor  that  was  displayed  in  the  field  against  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
The  Mary  landers  even  found  it  was  a  dangerous  combination  to  put  th© 
colors  red  and  white  in  juxtaposition  in  their  articles  of  dress. 


.^98  "The  Ancient  CiTT.'' 

May  30,  the  (iazntta  says  :  "By  order  of  Gov.  Hicks  the  National 
Flag  will  be  displayed  every  day  from  the  dome  of  the  State  House. 
The  cheering  sight,  will,  we  hope,  add  fervor  to  the  Union  cause,  and 
will  shame  away  the  remnant  of  treason  which  is  yet  skulking  in  the 
'Ancient  City,'  waiting  its  opportunity  to  again  suppress  free  speech 
and  free  action,  and  to  inaugurate  a  new  'reign  of  terror.'  in  our 
midst.  There  need  be  little  fear  of  this,  however,  for  the  traitors  are 
;inown.  every  man  of  them,  and,  we  trust,  condign  punishment  will 
be  meted  out,  to  every  one  who  shall  again  dare  to  raise  his  hand 
against  our  liberties." 

The  extreme  carefulness  of  the  Federal  troops  to  show  that  they  had 
not  come  to  take  away  the  Southerner's  slaves  or  to  give  liberty  to  those 
jn  bondage  is  shown  by  the  following  from  the  Gazette  of  the  same  date: 

"Captured. — A  runaway  slave,  belonging  to  Dennis  Orme,  Esq., 
of  this  ccnmty,  was  captured  on  Thursday  last  V)y  a  picket  guard  of 
National  Soldiery  on  the  line  of  the  Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Rail- 
road, and  promptly  taken  to  our  county  jail.  Sucli  an  act  is  a  rebuke 
to  those  who  denounce  the  Northern  soldiers  as  our  enemies. "  A  little 
later  than  this  one  of  the  citizens  of  Annapolis  received  very  different 
treatment  from  that  accorded  to  Mr.  Orme.  Mr.  Danl.  T.  Hyde  went 
into  the  Naval  Academy  to  secure  one  of  his  slaves  who  had  taken 
refuge  there.  The  commander  was  willing  to  render  hira  ui),  but 
when  the  soldiery  discovered  Mr.  Hyde's  mission,  they  closed  around 
him  M'ith  a  ferocity  that  threatened  the  mobbing  of  the  slave-owner. 
He  safely  escaped  the  danger,  but,  without  Sam  Foulks,  who  was 
hidden  in  a  hogshead  by  the  soldirrs. 

On  May  2:J,  the  (iaze'ttc  reproduced  an  article  from  the  Philadelphia 
Inquirer,  which  said  it  had  received  it  from  "an  intelligent  correspon- 
,dent  who  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  estimable  citizens  of  Annapolis, 
who  suggests  a  plan  by  which  the  City  of  Baltimore  can  be  made  to 
feel  the  proper  retribution  for  her  unwillingness  or  inability  to  control 
the  lawless  element  of  her  population.  It  is  simjjly  to  make  Anna- 
polis the  commercial  emporium  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  for  which. 
pixrposes  it  far  surpasses  Baltimore  in  natural  advantages.  It  is 
iocaled  in  a  spacious  and  sheltered  harbor,  easily  accessable  from 
the  sea  to  ships  of  the  greatest  draught ;  it  is  the  natural  outlet,  by 
descending  grades,  for  the  vast  coal  fields  of  Virginia  whose  develop- 
ment gives  employment  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  which 
has  now  a  branch  to  Annapolis.  It  is  already  the  seat  of  a  wealthy 
.  and  refined  population,  which  only  needs  an  infusion  of  business  meu 
to  inaugurate  an  era  of  commercial  activity  and  consequent  prosperity. 
We  learn  that  a  number  of  merchants  who  were  driven  from  Baltimore 
for  their  devotion  to  the  Union,  will  permanently  locate  themselves 
,  at  Annapolis,  supported  by  the  unswerving  loyalty  of  the  people  of 
that  city,  and  that  Northern  business  men  who,  within  the  past  few 
weeks,  have  been  compelled  to  pass  through  Annapolis,  have  declared 
that,  before  years,  it  would  rival  Baltimore  in  the  struggle  for  com- 
mercial supremacy." 

The  faithful  historian  must  relate  that  neither  record  nor  recol- 
lection bear  witness  of  the  settlement  in  the 'Ancient  City"  of  any 
"merchants,  who  were  driven  from  Baltimore,  for  their  devotion  to 
■the  Union,"  and,  after  twenty-seven  years'  opportunity  to  realize 
■the  prophesies  of  this  "intellig'ent  correspondent,"  Baltimore  still  re- 
;jiiains  the  emporium  of  Maryland. 


History  OF   Annapolis.  299 

June  10,  four  companies  of  the  13th  Regt.  N.  Y.  S.  M.,  left 
Annapolis  and  proceeded  to  Easton,  Md.,  where  they  seized  1700 
stand  of  arms,  six  pieces  of  artillery,  and  a  quantity  of  ammunition. 
A  soldier  was  accidentally  killed  on  the  expedition. 

In  the  Congressional  election  in  June,  Chas.  B.  Calvert,  Union  man, 
received  at  Annapolis  296  votes  ;  Benj.  G.  Harris,  Democrat,  127. 
In  Anne  Arundel,  Calvert  received  915  votes  and  Harris  674. 

June  15th,  the  Union  men  of  Annapolis  had  a  pole  raising  and  flung 
the  stars  and  stripes  to  the  breeze.  The  13th  New  York  took  part 
and  speeches  were  made  by  W.  L.  W.  Seabrook,  Major  Gen.  Morse,  of 
Mass.,  and  Oliver  Dayton,  of  New  York.  The  artillery  gave  a  salute 
of  34  guns. 

Considerable  excitement  was  created  in  Annapolis  by  the  seizure, 
June  25,  by  the  Federal  government  of  Philadelphia  oyster  vessels  in 
the  hands  of  the  State  authorities  for  violations  of  the  dredging  laws. 
It  seems  the  owners  represented  to  the  authorities  at  "Washington, 
that  their  "vessels  had  been  unlawfully  captured  by  the  secessionists 
from  Annapolis,  who  had  torn  down  the  nationalflagfrora  their  masts, 
trampled  it  under  foot,  and  cheered  lustily  for  the  traitor  Jeff  Davis.' ' 

Vi' .  H.  Russell,  the  celebrated  correspondent  of  the  London  Times, 
reached  Annapolis,  on  Monday,  July  14,  from  Fortress  Monroe  and 
remained  until  Tuesday. 

July  25  appears  to  have  been  the  day  on  which  the  vanguard  of 
that  great  army  of  sick  and  wounded  that  was  located  in  Annapolis 
during  the  civil  war,  arrived.  Fifty  such  soldiers  were  brought  from 
Georgetown. 

The  Gazttte,  of  August  1st,  complains  of  encroachments  on  the 
rights  of  the  people  by  the  Federal  government,  saying  that  "most 
of  these  incidents  are  totally  unnecessary,  totally  uncalled  for  by  any 
exigency  aiid  are  perpetrated  by  fanatical  and  incompetent  officers 
of  the  General  Government,  who  take  unconscionable  advantage  of 
circumstances  to  carry  out  some  fanatical  theory  or  revengeful 
feeling." 

Col.  R.  Riddle  Roberts,  now  in  command  of  the  Naval  Academy, 
caused  three  negroes  who  had  come  by  boat,  and  landed  at  the 
Naval  Academy,  and  had  asked  shelter,  to  be  delivered  "to  the  Sheriff 
of  Anne  Arundel  county  to  be  dealt  with  according  to  law." 

A  Union  Home  Guard  was  organized  in  Annapolis.  Its  officers 
were  Captain  Roger  Bellis;  Lieutenant,  William  Hubbard,  Jr.; 
Orderly  Sergeanr,  Norman  Leslie;  2d  Sergeant,  Michael  Kernin,  Cor- 
porals, Wm.  H.  Bellis,  John  Ireland,  and  Julian  Brewer. 

The  military  spirit  cropped  out  strongly  in  Annapolis.  The  Union 
members  of  the  Governor's  Guard  seceded  and  formed  a  new  oompany 
under  Capt.  W.  G.  Tuck.  A  Zouave  corps  »f  80  was  formed  under 
the  command  of  Capt.  William  Hubbard.  That  part  of  the  Governor's 
Guard,  alleged  to  be  affected  with  Southern  sentiments,  still  paraded 
without  arms,  and  the  Gazette  suggested  it  was  "a  great  outrage  to 
permit  them  to  keep  up  their  organization,"  as  they  would  join  the 
Confederates  if  opportunity  presented  itself. 

September  1,  eleven  Confederate  prisoners  were  brought  to  Anna- 
polis. The  ladies  of  Southern  proclivities  paid  them  marked 
attention.  Col.  Augustus  Morse  of  the  21st  Mass.,  had  now  com- 
mand of  the  troops  at  the  Naval  Academy.  He  afterward  settled  at 
Annapolis,  and  purchased  the  City  Hotel. 


bOO  ''The  Ancient   City." 

[1863.]  Burnside's  expedition  to  Roanoke  Island  made  its  ren- 
dezvous at  Annapolis,  and  a  camp  for  paroled  prisoners  was  established 
on  the  College  Campus  in  the  rear  of  the  buildings.  This  camp  was 
eventually  removed  to  Camp  Parole,  two  miles  from  Annapolis,  where 
thousands  of  paroled  prisoners  were  constantly  quartered  during  the 
Kar.  From  this  camp  was  named  the  Station  of  that  name  on  the 
Annapolis,  Washington,  and  Baltimore  railroad. 

The  Assembly  Rooms  were  made  the  head  quarters  of  Provost 
Guard,  and  during  their  occupancy,  was  set  on  fire.  The  Federal 
government  paid  for  the  damage  and  with  this  money  the  building 
was  repaired. 

The  Annapolis  Gazette,  which  had  been  established  in  1852  by 
Thos.  J.  Wilson  and  Richard  Sellman,  ceased  publication,  it  appears, 
in  August  1861.  September  10,  1863,  it  was  recuseitated  with  Rich. 
P.  Bayly,  well-known  in  the  fraternity  as  "Deacon  Baily",  as 
editor  and  proprietor.  The  Gazette  still  maintained  its  strong  union 
sentiments,  the  new  editor  declaring,  "with  me  it  is  the  Union — the 
whole  Union — first,  last,  and  all  the  time." 

[1863.]  Sept.  5,  the  Steam  Ferryboat  "Ready"  arrived  for  use  on 
Severn  River  Ferry. 

Paroled  prisoners  from  the  camps  near  the  city  who  were  found  in 
town  "without  a  pass,"  subsequent  to  the  1st  inst.,  were  ordered  to 
be  arrested  by  the  Provost  Guard  and  returned  to  the  camp  to  which 
they  belonged.  Annapolis  was  now  thoroughly  policed  by  a 
military  guard,  the  provost  marshal  being  superintendent   of  police. 

The  Gazette  expressed  its  gratification  that  the  enrollment  of 
Anne  Arundel,  preliminary  to  a  draft,  was  nearly  completed.  The 
work  was  done  under  Thomas  N.  Pindle,  Esq.  The  Gazette  added  : 
"It  is  a  source  of  pleasure  to  know  that  the  work  has  been  effected 
without  any  violence.  There  were  rumors  that  Seresh  would  not  per- 
mit the  enrollment  to  be  quietly  and  peaceably  made.  In  fact,  so 
strong  was  this  opinion,  that  nearly  all  the  persons  first  appointed  • 
to  make  the  enrollment  refused  to  act." 

It  revives  with  breezy  freshness  the  old  war  time  scenes  in  a  border 
State  to  con  over  the  Gazette. 

From  its  local  column    is  taken  this  daguerreotype  of  the   times : 

"Arrested. — Basil  XcNew,  residing  near  this  city,  was  arrested  on  ' 
Thursday  evening,  (Sept.  10,)  for  uttering  disloyal  sentiments  in  our 
streets.     He  was  taken  lo  the  Guard  House,  where  he  was  detained 
until  Saturday    morning,    when  he  was  taken    to  Fort  McHenry.  ■ 
Whilst    in    the    Guard    House,    he   vociferously    hurrahed  for  the 
Southern  Confederacy  and  Jeflf  Davis,  and  it  was  with  difficulty  the 
firm  and  eilicient,  yet  kind  Provost  Marshal,  Capt.  F.J.  Keffer,  could : 
prevent  the  paroled  prisoners  in  the  same  room  from  doing  him  per- 
sonal injury." 

Mr.  McNew  survived  his  temporary  imprisonment  in  Fort  McHenry, 
and  IS  now  the  efficient  keeper  of  the  Anne  Arundel  Court  House. 

The  authorities  at  the  same  time  sent  Samuel  Topper,  alias  Wm. 
Mcintosh  to  Fort  McHenry  on  the  charge  of  being  a  spy.  He  had  ■ 
been  arrested  by  the  Colonel  of  the  109th  N.  Y.  Volunteers  at  the 
Annapolis  Junction  on  the  third  of  July,  and  had  been  in  the  Anna- 
polis jail  since  that  date.  There  seemed  to  be  some  difficulty  in  ■ 
determining  whether,  or  not.  Topper  was  a  spy  or  a  lunatic.  The- 
authorities  put  themselves  on  the  safe  side  by  locking  him  up  in  prison, . 


History  OF  Annapolis.  301 

The  Gazette,  at  this  time,  published  several  communications  whose 
evident  object  was  to  intimidate  the  democrats  from  taking  any  part 
in  the  politics  of  the  day.  The  democrats  were  spoken  of  as  traitors, 
and  the  publications  made  against  them  tended  to  make  the  Federal 
Government  lay  its  hands  on  them.  The  animosities  of  that  day  can 
be  easily  conceived  when  in  its  issue  of  Sept.  24,  the  Gazette  says  : 

<'The  Ball  in  Motion. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Secesh  Democracy, 
held  in  this  city  on  the  15th  instant,  the  gentlemen  named  below 
were  appointed  as  delegates  to  represent  this  Election  District  (Anna- 
polis,) in  a  Convention  to  be  held  in  Bladensburg  on'this  day,  (Sept.  24,) 
to  nominate  a  candidate  for  this  Congressional  District — Messrs.  Pass- 
more  McCullough,  Wm.  Bryan,  John  Duvall,  and  Wm.  Watts. 
These  gentlemen  are  all  well-known  to  have  been  ardent  supporters  of 
the  measures  of  the  Legislature  that  met  at  Frederick  in  1861,  the 
majority  of  which  {sic)  labored  to  the  utmost  of  their  power  to  unite 
Maryland  with  South  Carolina,  and  the  other  Cotton  States  in  their 
rebellion  against  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  That  they 
still  occupy  the  same  position  we  have  every  reason  to  believe,  and  so 
far  as  their  action  relates  to  the  said  Congressional  Convention  we 
may  expect  the  nomination  of  a  violent  secessionist,  an  enemy  to 
the  prevailing  Government,  and  decidedly  opposed  to  forcing  the 
Rebels  to  lay  down  their  arms.  *  «  «  «  The  question  then 
arises,  will  the  Government  permit  a  party  to  organize  in  loyal  Mary- 
land, (and  that  too  in  the  only  Congressional  District  secessionism 
dare  rear  its  standard,)  whose  chief  object  will  be  to  obstruct  and 
■embarrass  every  effort  that  may  be  made  to  put  down  the  accursed  re- 
bellion, and  restore  the  Union  and  the  blessings  of  peace  ?  We  shall 
see." 

The  county  delegates  to  the  Congressional  Convention,  Benj.  Tongue, 
Dr.  J.  W.  Waugh,  Sprigg  Harwood,  and  James  Sandford,  ih^  Gazette, 
snappishly  declared  were  "in  favor  of  the  dissolution  of  the  Union 
and  the  recognition  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. "  These  embarrassing 
charges  had  apparently  one  object  in  view — the  arrest  of  democratic 
leaders  and  the  utter  overthrow  of  the  party  by  the  military  power  of 
the  Federal  Government. 

The  enrollment  of  Annapolis  showed  there  were  in  the  first  class,  545 
whites  and  147  colored,  subject  to  military  duty,  and  in  the  second 
class,  163  whites  and  22  colored. 

The  democratic  Congressional  Convention  of  the  5th district,  nomi- 
nated no  candidate,  but  recommended  Benj.  G.  Harris,  of  St.  Mary's 
county. 

The  provost  guard  was  no  idle  form,  but  prohibited  liquor  to  the 
soldiers  in  a  manner  to  do  the  most  advanced  temperance  advocate's 
heart  a  boundless  amount  of  good.  October  5,  it  seized  the  stock 
of  liquor  of  the  proprietor  of  the  American  House  and  placed  a 
guard  there  on  the  ground  that  liquor  had  been  sold  at  the  hotel  to 
the  soldiers.  The  hotel  stood  on  the  vacant  lot  above  Andrews'  alley 
leading  from  Main  street  to  State  House  Circle. 

The  democrats  of  Anne  Arundel  made  their  contest  this  year  under 
many  difficulties  and  with  the  fear  of  military  interference  constantly 
before  their  eyes.  In  Annapolis  the  Union  vote  on  State's  Attorney 
was,  H.  M.  Murray,  302  ;  James  Revell,  dem.,  147.   In  the  county  the 


302  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

vote  was,  Murray,  635  ;  James  Revell,  1,119.  The  closest  vote  was 
on  Res^ister  of  Wills— Benj.  E.  Gantt,  independent,  853  ;  Richard 
I.  Duvall,  dem.,  898. 

Sick  prisoners,  out  of  Confederate  hands  were  now  frequently  arriv- 
ing in  Annapolis.     They  were  in  a  suffering  and  emaciated  condition. 


Public  Buildings,  Churches,  and  Ancient 
JLandmakks. 

POUR  GUBERNATORIAL  RESIDENCES. 

Annapolis  contains  four  houses  that  have  served,  or  were  intended 
to  serve,  as  the  residences  of  the  governors  of  Maryland. 

The  earliest  built  is  that  now  owned  by  Mr.  Francis  T.  Marchand, 
formerly  the  residence  of  Judge  A.  B.  Hagner,  No.  83  Prince 
George  street.  The  house  is  a  well  preserved  evidence  of  the  taste 
and  solidity  of  the  architecture  of  that  interesting  period.  To  this 
house  a  few  years  since  an  addition  was  made  on  the  right  wing.  The 
outlines  and  propoi-tions  of  the  ancient  building  are  easily  discerned. 

This  building  belonged  to  Major  Edward  Dorsey,  and  was  occupied 
by  Governor  Francis  Nicholson,  who  was  the  Executive  of  the  pro- 
vince from  1694  to  1709.  The  exact  date  of  the  erection  of  the  build- 
ing is  not  known.  This  house  is  most  probably  the  one  that  was  oc- 
cupied for  the  sitting  of  the  Legislature  after  the  burning  of  the 
State  House  in  1704. 

The  next  in  age  is  McDowell  Hall,  St.  John's  College.  In  1744,  the 
College  Green,  containing  four  acres  of  land,  was  conveyed  by  Stephen 
Boardley  to  Thomas  Bladen,  governor  of  Maryland,  who  projected 
the  main  and  central  building,  as  a  palatial  residence  for  the  gover- 
nors of  Maryland.  Its  site,  the  commodious  grounds,  the  spacious 
building  conspired  to  make  the  mansion  a  desirable  home  and  a  prince- 
ly public  residence.  Mr.  Duff,  the  architect,  came  from  Scotland  to 
superintend  the  construction  of  the  building,  materials  of  every  kind 
were  provided  in  a  most  liberal  spirit,  and  the  edifice  was  "nearly 
finished  in  a  style  of  magnificence,  suitable  to  the  prosperity  and  en- 
terprise of  the  province,  when  a  disagreement  took  place  between  the 
governor  and  the  legislature,  that  reached  such  a  fervor,  that,  at  a 
period,  when  a  nominal  sum  would  have  made  it  a  fitting  mansion  for 
the  executives  of  Maryland,  all  work  was  stopped,  and  it  remained 
until  1784,  "a  melancholy  and  mouldering  monument"  of  the  results 
of  political  dissensions.  It  appropriately  received  the  cognomen  of 
"the  Governor's  folly." 

By  chap.  37,  1784,  this  property  was  voted  by  the  State  to  St. 
John's  College,  provided  the  college  was  established  at  Annapolis. 

The  third  gubernatorial  mansion  is  the  one  now  occupied  by  the 
Naval  Academy  as  a  library.    The  main  building  of  this  house  was 


History  OF  Annapolis.  303 ■ 

erected  by  Edmund  Jennings,  from  whom  it  was  purchased  by  Gov- 
ernor Robert  Eden  who  was  executive  of  Maryland  from  1760  to  1776. 
Governor  Eden  built  the  wings  and  the  long-room.  There  are  many 
living  in  AnnapoUs  who  will  readily  recognize  Mr.  David  Ridgely's 
description  of  it  as  it  appeared  in  1840 : 

"This  edifice  has  a  handsome  court  and  garden,  extending,  with 
the  exception  of  an  intervening  lot,  to  water's  edge.  From  the 
portico  looking  to  the  garden,  a  fine  prospect  regales  the  vision.  The 
building  consists  of  two  stories,  and  presents  an  extensive  front  ;  there 
are  on  the  lower  floor  a  large  room  on  each  side  of  the  hall  as  you 
enter;  and  several  smaller  ones ;  the  saloon,  on  the  same  floor,  is 
nearly  the  length  of  the  house.  On  each  side  of  the  edifice  are  com-' 
modious  kitchens,  carriage-house,  and  stables,  with  spacious  lots.- 
Towards  the  water,  the  building  rises  in  the  middle  in  a  turreted 
shape.  It  stands  detached  from  other  structures,  and  is  altogether  a 
delightful  and  suitable  mansion  for  the  chief  magistrateof  our  State." 

By  act  1866,  chap.  46,  this  house  and  grounds  were  sold  to  the 
United  States  Government  for  an  addition  to  the  Naval  Academy. 

This  act  provided  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  for,  and  the  erection  of  >• 
another  Gubernatorial  Mansion.  The  Governor,  Comptroller,  and 
Treasurer,  Thomas  Swann  being  governor,  were  authorized  to  have 
this  work  executed.  One  hundred  thousand  dollars  were  appropriated.- 
The  site  selected  was  a  quintangular  lot,  fronting  on  State  House 
Circle,  College  Avenue,  (Tabernacle  street,)  Church  Circle,  Lawyer, 
and  North  streets. 

To  make  room  for  the  present  Governor's  mansion,  two  fine  old.- 
colonial  residences  had  to  be  torn  down.  One  was  the  house  of  the' 
late  George  E.  Franklin,  and  the  other  of  Mrs.  Green.  The  last 
house  was  formerly  the  residence  of  Absalom  Ridgely,  and  of  his  son 
Dr.  John  Ridgely,  who  was  surgeon  on  the  U.  S.  Ship  Philadelphia 
when  it  was  captured  in  the  harbor  of  Tripoli  in  1804.  This  house' 
was  built  by  Gen.  Geo.  H.  Stewart's  grandfather. 

The  lot  and  building  of  the  new  executive  mansion  cost  869,296.28 
over  the  appropriation  which  the  Legislature  was  called  upon  to  meet. 
The  Legislature  investigated  the  matter  and  made  a  detailed  report  of 
the  expense,  but  a  wise  and  friendly  State  printer  neglected  to  bind  the 
report  among  public  documents  of  the  session,  and  this  interesting^ 
statement  is  therefore  lost  to  history  and  posterity. 

First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

The  first  trustees  of  the  Methodist  Congregation  of  Annapolis,  of 
whom  there  is  any  record  were  Absalom  Ridgely,  Joseph  Evans. 
George  "Wells,  and  John  Miller.  When  the  church  was  incorporated 
in  1833,  all  of  the  original  trustees  were  dead  save  Joseph  Evans  who 
then  was  no  longer  a  member  of  the  church. 

The  first  church  of  Methodism  stood  near  the  site  of  the  present 
Record  office  on  the  State  House  Hill.  The  circle  did  not  extend  as 
far  then  as  it  does  now.  The  church  was  a  frame  building  and  was 
kno'vvn  as  "the  old  blue  church,"  so  designated  from  its  color.  It 
had  a  stairway  on  the  outside,  up  which  the  colored  part  of  the  con- 
gregation went  to  the  gallery  set  apart  for  them.  After  it  ceased  tc 
be  used  as  a  church,  it  became  a  school-house. 


§04  ''The  Axcient  City.'' 

When  the  Methodists  became  a  corporate  body  in  1833,  the  follow- 
ing were  the  trustees  :  Nicholas  J.  "Watkins,  Basil  Shephard,  Louis 
-Gassaway,  Geo.  McNeir,  Thos.  G.  Waters,  Grafton  Munroe,  Andrew 
Slicer,  and  Philip  Clayton. 

The  Second  Church,  in  which  the  Methodists  worshiped  was  built 
about  1820.  It  was  a  neat  brick  building,  with  pressed  brick  front, 
and  remained  until  1859,  when  the  present  church  was  built  on  the 
same  site.  It  was  in  this  second  church  that  Gen.  La  Fayette  at- 
tended divine  service  Annapolis  in  1*^24. 

The  V)uilding  committee  of  the  present  church  was  J.  Wesley 
White,  James  Andrews,  and  James  Munroe.  The  committee  on 
funds:  J.  Wesley  White,  Joshua  Brown,  Philip  Clayton,  Edward 
Hopkins,  Solomon  Philips,  Isaac  Brewer,  James  Andrews,  R.  R. 
>Goodman,  and  James  Munroe. 

The  congregation  as  early  as  1834  bought  a  parsonage  on  Cornhill 
street,  on  the  north  side  near  the  corner.  It  was  burnt  down  about 
1851.     The  present  parsonage  was  built  in  1852. 

Presbytebian  Church. 

The  first  Presbyterian  Church  of  Annapolis  was  organized  May  2d, 
1846,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Laurie  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dunlop.  members  of 
the  congregation  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore  for  that 
duty.  The  elders  elected  at  that  time  were  Prof.  A.  N.  Girault  and 
Dr.  John  Ridout. 

On  the  25th  cf  July,  1846,  the  corner-stone  of  the  church  edifice 
was  laid  by  Rev.  Thomas  Peck,  D.  D.,  at  which  time  an  address  was 
delivered  by  him  at  the  Assembly  Rooms. 

On  the  11th  of  July,  1847,  the  Church  was  dedicated,  .Geo.  W. 
Musgrave,  D.  D.,  preaching  the  seamon.  On  the  same  day,  the  first 
pastor,  Rev.  Chas.  H.  Ewing,  was  installed. 

The  following  succeeded  Mr.  Ewing  as  pastors  :  Rev.  J.  J.  GrafE, 
1849  to  1861.  Rev.  J,  M.  Patterson  from  1861  to  1866.  Rev.  J.  J. 
Henderson  from  1867  to  1875.  Rev.  II.  0.  Gibbons  from  1876  to 
1881.  Rev.  Robt.  H.Williams,  the  pastor  now  in  charge,  was  in- 
stalled in  October,  1882. 

St.  Mary's  Catholic  Church. 

The  present  Catholic  Church  was  erected  in  1858,  when  the  Rev. 
Father  Michael  Miller  was  pastor. 

The  first  Catholic  Church  was  erected  on  the  site  of  St.  Mary's 
Parochial  School.  It  was  built  mainly  through  the  instrumentality 
of  the  venerable  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  during  the  later  period 
of  his  life,  probably  somewhere  about  1830.  It  was  torn  down  a  few 
years  since  on  account  of  its  unsafe  condition.  Near  the  parochial 
school  is  a  house  that  was  formerly  used  as  the  residence  of  the 
Catholic  clergymen.  It  is  one  of  a  row  of  buildings  that  previously 
stood  there,  then  known  as  "Mac  Namara's  row,"  and  this  house  is 
said  to  be  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  city.  MacNamara  was  one  of  the 
earliest  to  have  his  lot  surveyed  when  the  town  was  re-surveyed  ia 
1718. 

The  property,  now  owned  by  the  Redemptorist  Order,  formerly  be- 


History  ok  Axnapolis.  o05 

louged  to  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  and  was  donated  to  this  re- 
ligious body  by  the  descendants  of  this  illustrious  patriot. 

Wesley  Chapel 

Was  erected  in  1870.  Tlie  Imilding  committee  were  Joseph  S.  M. 
Basil,  J.  Wesley  Robinson,  and  .Josiah  Russell.  The  pastor  in  charge 
was  J.  H.  Swope. 

St.  Martin's  Church. 

St.  Martin's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  was  founded  April  6, 
1874.  On  .June  7,  1875,  the  corner-stone  of  the  church  was  laid. 
The  building  committee  of  tlie  church  was:  M.  R.  Casler.  Henry 
Kaiser,  John  Dressel,  Jerry  W.  Kalmey,  and  John  Steip.  The  trus- 
tees at  present  are  :  Christian  Boessell,  Martin  M.  Smith.  William 
Haller,  Henry  Matzen,  Frederick  Vollmer,  and  Charles  Ziehlke. 

AsBURY  M.  E.  CouRcn,    (Colored  Congregatiox. ) 

This  church  was  built  in  103.  The  trustees  were  John  Wheeler, 
George  Martin.  Sanil.  Hackney,  Matthias  Robertson,  Franois  Tray, 
John  Forty.  The  church  was  rebuilt  in  1838,  and  at  that  time  was 
connected  with  the  Baltimore  Conference.  The  trustees  ar  present 
are  Thomas  Jones,  Louis  Lomack,  David  Johnson,  Ben;'.  Little, 
Wiley  Bates,  Joseph  Pinkney,  Arson  Tyler,  and  Henry  Hebron.  The 
pastor  is  Rev.  Alexander  Dennis. 

Mount  Moriah  Church.   (Colored  Congregation.) 
Was  built  in  1876  under  the  pastorage  of  Rev.  Jonathan  Hamilton. 

The  Ball  Room 

Is  the  same  building  that  Eddis  described  ni  1770.  One  room  is 
now  used  for  the  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  other  apartments  for 
balls  and  social  gatherings,  and  one  portion  as  the  department 
headquarters.  The  supper  room  was  formerly  the  revenue  office  of  the 
province.  During  the  erection  of  present  State  House,  the  Legislat- 
ture  met  in  the  Ball  Room. 

The  Old  City  Hall 

Is  the  house  now  occupied  by  Worthington  &  Co.  It  was  used 
formerly  as  the  place  of  mei>tiug  of  the  corporation,  and  as  a  fire 
engine  house.  It  was  sold  about  fifteen  years  since  to  William  T. 
Iglehart. 

The  City  Hotel 

Was  originally  the  residence  of  Mr.  Lloyd  Dulany.  That  part  was- 
two  stories  high  and  in  it  is  the  room  occupied  by  Gen.  Washington, 
the  night  before  he  resigned  his  military  commission.  A  new  build- 
ing of  "three  stories  was  added  afterward,  and,  about  1830,  the  build- 
ings, from  the  large  one  on  Conduit  street  to  the  corner  of  Conduit 
street  and  Duke  of  Gloucester,  were  erected.  The  first  proprietor  of 
20 


306  ''The  Ancient  City.  '' 

it  as  a  hotel  was  Col.  Mann.  This  was  during  the  Revolutionary  period, 
.■  And  it  was  known  as  Mann's  Hotel.  Then  William  Caton  became  pro- 
prietor, and  it  was  Caton's  Hotel  and  City  Tavern.  Messrs.  Iglehartand 
Swann  were  afterward  proprietors.  Then  Col.  John  Walton.  Next 
Ool.  Morse.  The  property  lately  passed  into  the  hands  of  William  H. 
Grorman  and  Luther  P.  Col  ton. 

Salvation  Akmy  Barracks. 

A  corps  of  the  Salvation  Army,  consisting  of  Captain  Samuel 
Gully  and  wife,  made  its  appearance  in  Annapolis  in  1885.  They 
made  slow  progress  at  first,  but,  in  the  course  of  the  year,  the  corps, 
which  had  received  the  help  of  other  officers  gathered  together  about 
fifty  recruits.  Their  unique  accompaniments  of  triangle,  tamborine,  and 
cornet  to  draw  the  attention  of  sinners,  excited  the  amusement  and 
<jftentimes  the  disfavor  of  the  public,  but  their  earnest  words  and  sober 
lives  won  the  respect  and  brought  success  to  the  Army.  They  were 
able  in  the  fall  and  winter  of  1885-6  to  erect  a  plain  but  comfortable 
''Barracks"  on  King  George  street,  at  the  foot  of  East. 

THE   CHASE   MANSION. 

The  house,  on  the  north  side  of  Maryland  Avenue,  corner  of  King 
George,  built  in  1770,  liy  Judge  Samuel  Chase,  (known  in  the  fftHiily 
as  Judge  Samuel  Chase,  tlie  Signer,)  has  been  described  as  "probably 
the  most  stately  house  in  Annapolis,  being  the  only  colonial  residence 
which  is  three  stories  high.  The  main  feature  of  the  house  is  its 
hall  of  entrance  opening  on  a  lofty  porch  and  extending  through  the 
house  from  front  to  back,  a  distance  of  over  forty-five  feet,  and  being 
over  fourteen  feet  wide,  the  lai'ge  double  front  door  being'  arched 
with  glass  transome  and  a  window  on  each  side.  The  stairway*  crp- 
jiosite  the  front  door,  begins  with  a  single  flight  of  steps,  and,  rising 
to  nearly  half  the  height  o^  the  stairway,  ends  with  a  platform  from 
which  a  flight  of  steps  on  each  side  diverges,  ascending  to  a  gallery 
which  is  supported  l^y  Ionic  pillars.  Above  the  first  platform  of  the 
staircase  rises  a  triple  window,  the  central  of  which  is  arched  and 
the  whole  is  of  magnificent  porporlions,  reminding  one  of  some  ancient 
church.  At  each  end  of  the  gallery  above  is  an  arched  door  with 
glass 'transome.  Opening  on  this  gallery  from  the  front,  is  the  door 
of  an  apartment,  and  on  each  side"  of  the  door  a  niche  intended  for 
■statuary.  The  dining  room  is  handsomely  ornamented  in  carved 
wood,  and  the  marble  mantel  piece  of  this^  room  represents  a  scene 
from  Shakespeare  in  sculpture."  It  was  intended  to  have  had  wing.>; 
upon  this  house,  but  it  was  sold,  before  beitig  finished,  to  Governor 
.Lloyd,  who  was  the  executive  of  the  State  fi'om  1809  to  1811.  Mr. 
Henry  Harwood,  his  son-in-law,  bought  the  house  from  Gov.  Lloyd. 
It  was  afterward  purchased  by  Captain  Edward'  Gibson,  U.  S.  N. 
The  next  purchaser  was  Miss  Hester  Ann  Chase,  who  bought  it  iu 
1847.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Jeremiah  T.  Chase.-  It'  is- now  in  the 
possession  of  Mrs._  Hester  Ann  Chase  Ridout,  ■  grand  daughter  of- 
:i3amuel  Chase^jifl.t'eremiah  T.  Chase. 

The  Harwood  Residence. 

The  house,  with  wings,  on  the  south  side  of  Maryland  Avenue  at' 
■the  intersection  of  King  George,  was  designed  by  Mr.  Biickland, 
architect,  for  Mr.  Wm-  Hammond,  a  famous  Annapolis  lawyer, -of -ye' 


History  OF  Annapolis.  307 

■olilen  times.  It  was  built  between  the  years  1770  and  1780.  It  was 
first  occupied  by  Jeremiah  Townley  Chase,  Chief  .Justice  of  Maryland 
in  1781,  and  was  unfinished  when  he  went  into  it.  The  house  is 
-of  brick  with  stone  foundation,  some  of  the  foundation  walls  being 
five  feet  thick.  The  house  is  handsomely  decorated  with  carved 
wood.  The  parlor,  a  room  nineteen  by  twenty-seven,  has  a  carved 
wainscot  surrounding  the  room,  and  the  mantel-piece,  window,  and 
door  frames,  shutters  and  doors  are  carved  in  arabesque,  and  is  said 
to  be  the  handsomest  specimen  of  its  kind  in  Maryland.  In  1811.  the 
house  was  purchased,  together  with  the  ground  extending  from  King 
George  street  to  Prince  George  street,  by  Chief  Justice  Chase  for  his 
oldest  daughter,  Frances  Townley,  wife  of  Richard  Loockerraan.  The 
garden  was  designed  liy  ]\[rs.  F.  T.  Loockerman,  and  was  laid  off  under 
her  diiection,  and  the  box  walk  was  planted  by  herself.  The  outside 
corridor  of  the  south  wing  was  added  by  the  family  and  many  interior 
imjirovements  have  been  made.  The  house  is  now  occupied  by  Wm. 
Harwood  and  family,  Mrs.  Harvvood  being  a  grand-daughter  of  Judge 
Jeremiah  T.  Chase.  Mr.  Hammond,  for  whom  the  house  was  built,  it  is 
sail],  was  engaged  to  be  married  to  a  lady,  and  he  went  to  Philadel- 
phia to  get  his  furniture,  l)ut  the  engagement  was  lu'oken  off.  and  he 
lived  a  bachelor. 

The  Ogle  House. 

The  house,  on  the  corner  of  King  George  street  and  College  Avenue, 
now  owned  by  Mrs.  Judi^^e  John  Thompson  Mason,  formerly  tlie  resi- 
•deuee  of  Gov.  Thomas  G.  Pratt,  was  built  by  Gov.  Samuel  Ogle,  wlio 
was  Governor  at  three  different  periods — first  in  1733  and  the  third 
time  in  174G  and  '47. 

The  Paca  Dwelling. 

The  house,  on  the  northeast  side  of  Prince  George  street,  near 
East  St.,  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Richard  Swann,  was  built  by  Gov.  Paca, 
who  was  Governor  in  1782.  Arther  Schaaf  purchased  the  house  from 
the  Governor.  Louis  Xeth  became  owner  after  Mr.  Schaaf.  About 
1847,  Chancellor  Tlieodoric  Bland  lived  there,  but  was  not  the 
owner  of  it.  This  garden,  perhaps,  more  than  any  other  spot,  indi- 
cated the  delightful  life  of  Annapolis  a  century  ayo.  The  spring 
house,  the  expanse  of  trees  and  shrubbery,  tlie  octagonal  two-story 
summer  house,  that  represented  "My  lady's  bower,"  the  artificial 
brook,  fed  by  two  springs  of  water,  that  went  rippling  along  to  the 
bath  house  that  refreshed  in  the  sultry  days,  and  gave  delight  to  the 
occupants,  form  a  picture  tradition  loves  to  dwell  upon  to  this  day. 

The  Iglehart  House. 

The  dwelling,  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  "William  T.  Iglehart,  was 
owned  by  Thomas  Jennings,  barrister,  who  also  lived  there.  He  it 
was  who  built  the  house  on  East  st.,  now  owned  by  ex-Mayor  Thomas 
E.  Martin,  for  his  daugliter  Mrs.  James  Brice.  Apropos  of  this 
.daughter,  she  was  noted  for  entertaining  her  guests  with  a  famous 
kind  of  cake,  called  Naples  biscuit,  tlie  recipe  for  which  has  come 
down  to  this  generation.  Mr.  William  T.  Iglehart  purchased  the 
Jennings'  house,  from  John  T.  Barber's  estate  about  1870,  removed 
a  wing  of  the  house,  and  improved  its  appearance,  but  did  not  alter 
.the  architecture  of  the  main  building. 


308  *'The  Ancient  City.'' 

Aunt    Lucy  Smith's  House. 

The  old  house  on  the  northeast  side  of  Prince  George  street,  adjoin" 
ing  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Chapel,  is  an  interrogation  to  every' 
passer  by.  Its  exact  date  is  lost  in  the  misty  clouds  of  age.  but  its- 
appearance  and  ancient  arcliitectnre  mark  it  as  one  of  the  oldest> 
houses  in  venerable  Annapolis.  Part  of  its  history  has  been  preserved. 
Many  years  ago  there  lived  in  it  an  ancient  colored  dame,  known  as 
Aunt  Lucy  Smith.  She  was  a  fa.nous  cook  who  served  to  good  ac- 
count on  State  occasions  the  grand  dames  of  the  former  regime.  At 
other  times  she  supplied  from  her  house  or  from  her  basket  on  the 
street,  the  choice  morsels  that  her  art  divined  in  the  kitchen.  .Tohn 
Smith,  her  husband,  kept  a  livery  stable  in  the  rear  of  the  hou^^e,  a 
business  John's  lineal  descendents  continue  to  this  day  in  Baltimore. 

The  Pinkvey  House. 

The  Pinkney  House,  on  College  Avenue  and  Bladen  street,  was  liuilti* 
by  John  Callahan,  register  of  the  Land  office.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest 
houses  of  our  city.  It  is  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Mary  Pinkney,  a  rela* 
tive  of  the  celebrated  William  Pinkney. 

Other  Ancient  Houses. 

The  property  now  owned  by  Charles  S.  Welch,  Esq.,  on  Hanover' 
street,  was  built  in  1763,  and  was  at  one  time  the  residence  of 
Anthony  Stewart,  the  owner  of  the  famous  brig  Peggy  Stewart. 

The  main  residence  of  Mrs.  Alex.  Randall,  situated  in  the  five-?ide(J 
lot,  opposite  the  State  House,  is  one  the  most  ancient  builings  of  tlie 
city.  It  is  known  positively  to  have  been  hi  existence  in  175:?.  and 
A^ery  probably  in  1737.     In  this  house  Revenly  Johnson  was  born. 

The  house  on  the  north-west  of  Market  Space  and  Randall  street;- 
is  an  ancient  building  erected  by  John  Randall,  grandfather  of  J.  Wirt 
Randall . 

The  house  occupied  by  Ex-Mayor  Thos.  E.  Martin,  on  East  street, 
near  Prince  George's  is  also  one  of  the  landmarks  af  our  early  history.- 
It  was  erected  by  Mr.  Edmund  Jennings  for  his  son-in-law,  one  of  the- 
Brices. 

The  house,  ocsupied  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Bonsall,  No.  55  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester street,  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  city.  In  this  house  Jehu 
Chandler,  the  founder  of  the  Maryland  Republican,  lived  and  died. 

The  three  houses  at  the  lower  end  of  Duke  of  Gloucester  street,  now 
owned  by  John  R.  Magruder,  Lieut.  Albert  Ross,  and  Philip  R.  Voor- 
hees  and'  sister,  were  built  by  John  Ridout,  great  grandfather  of  Dr. 
William  G.  Ridout.  He  also  built  the  residence  of  Dr.  William  G. 
Ridout.  The  first  three  were  built  respectively  for  Mr.  Ridout's  chil- 
dren: Horace  and  Samuel  Ridout  and  Mrs.  Gibson.  This  John  Ridout 
was  the  first  of  the  Ridouts  in  the  country. 

Mrs.  Nicholas  Carroll  was  Miss  Ann  Jennings,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Thos.  Jennings,  the  great  lawyer.  They  lived  in  the  house  now  used 
as  the  Annapolis  Public  School  Building.  This  house  was  altered 
during  the  ownership  of  Frank  H.  Stockett  and  also  since  it  has  been 
a  public  school  building. 

"The  Liberty  Tree." 

The  earliest  tradition,  handed  down  to  us  of  the  imperial  poplar 
that  adorns  the  College  Campus,  is  that  it  served  as  the  canopy  under 


HlSTORTOP    AXXAPOLIS.  309 

^vhich  the  colonists  and  Indians  made  a  treaty  of  peace.  As  history 
records  only  one  document  of  this  kind  signed  here — this  treaty  must 
have  been  the  one  agreed  between  the  colonists  and  the  sturdy  Susque- 
hannocks  in  1652. 

The  next  public  use  of  it  we  find  in  Eddis'  Letters  was  when  the  in- 
habitants assembled  under  it  to  determine  whether,  or  not,  persons 
who  had  not  joined  the  association  of  patriots  should  be  driven  out  of 
■the  colony. 

In  1S35,  Gen.  LaFayette  was  entertained  under  it,  and  after  that 
•there  are  frequent  mentions  in  the  Maryland  Gazette  of  Fourth  of 
July  celebrations  taking  place  under  its  ample  shade. 

About  1840,  several  youths  were  playing  under  this  tree  with  that 
very  dangerous,  but  frequent  adjunct  of  juvenile  sports — gunpowder. 
"They  had  about  two  pounds  of  it.  They  placed  it  in  the  hollow  of  the 
-tree  where  it  was  ignited  and  exploded,  setting  fire  to  the  grand  old 
^tree.  The  citizens  of  Annapolis  repaired  in  force  for  its  rescue,  the 
firemen  bringing  out  the  city  engine  and  deluging  the  tree  with  water. 
The  boys'  escapade  was,  no  doubt,  greatly  denounced;  but  the  juveniles 
had  done  better  than  their  denunciators  thought  or  the  juveniles  in- 
tended. The  tree  had  fallen  into  a  state  of  decay  that  threatened 
its  life.  The  next  year  it  put  forth  its  branches  with  its  youth  re- 
newed. The  explosion  had  destroyed  the  worms  that  were  gnawing 
.away  its  vitals ! 

How  long  this  monarcli  of  a  primeval  forest  has  existed,  none  can 
•tell.  An  octogenarian  tells  me  he  remembers  it  in  1813 — and  it  seemed 
iis  large  then  as  now.  If,  in  1052,  it  was  of  such  imposing  growth 
•that  it  was  selected  as  the  scene  of  so  important  an  event  as  the 
making  of  a  treaty  of  peace  by  the  Puritans  with  their  savage  foes, 
may  we  not  infer  it  lived  before  Columbus  saw  America  ?  On  the 
■30th  of  July,  1886,  it  was,  two  feet  from  the  ground,  twenty-nine 
feet,  four  inches  in  circumference,  and  stood  about  150  feet  high. 
•One  third  of  the  trunk  is  gone,  and  is  now  boarded  up.  The  body  of 
•the  tree  is  a  mere  shell— a  marval  how  its  life  can  be  maintained  and 
•thousands  of  tulips  bloom  on  its  branches  in  their  season. 

Its  identity  with  Eddis'  Liberty  Tree  is  preserved  to  us  alone  by 
tradition,  but  its  use  and  size  corroborate  the  truth  of  oral  testimony. 

A  Notable  Boavl. 


First  Uses  at  a  Collation  Given  by  Lloyd  Dulany. 

The  famous  bowl  that  for  a  century  graced  the  counter  of  the  Old 
tCity  Hotel  in  this  city  on  festive  occasions,  such  as  the  Fourth  of 
.July,  New  Year's,  and  Christmas,  around  which  at  the  social  board 
have  gathered  the  sages  and  heroes  of  the  Revolution  and  the  great 
lights  of  our  day,  still  exists.  It  has  been  in  the  possession  of  its 
present  owner,  Edward  Walton,  about  ten  years,  and  is  sacredly 
guarded  as  a  link  in  that  great  chain  that  connects  the  present  with 
•the  heroic  past.  The  bowl,  which  is  16  inches  in  diameter,  4  inches 
.deep,  and  7  inches  wide  at  the  bottom,  has  an  interesting  history.  It 
•is  stated  that  it  was  first  used  at  a  collation  given  by  Lloyd  Dulany, 
;at  his  private  residence,  now  the  City  Hotel,  a  few  evenings  after 
ithe  burning  of  the  brig  Peggy  Stewart,  and  that  among  his  guests  was 


310  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  Mr.  Dulany  explained  to  hiscompaujr 
how  he  became  possessor  of  this,  then  much  admired,  bowl.  He  said 
it  had  been  sent  to  him  by  a  friend  in  England  and  had  arrived  in  the 
Peggy  Stewart.  He  also  stated  at  the  time  that  the  captain  had 
assured  him  that  in  no  way  was  it  a  part  of  her  cargo,  that  it  was- 
not  on  her  manifest ;  that  he  had  it  placed  in  his  cabin  along  with  his 
private  property,  and  that,  after  he  had  fired  his  brig,  he  recollected 
that  he  had  promised  to  deliver  the  bowl  in  person.  To  this  state- 
ment Mr.  Carroll  is  represented  as  having  smillingly  replied:  "We 
accept  your  explanation,  provided  the  bowl  is  used  to  draw  always 
this  same  kind  of  tea." 

Many  thousands    of    Marylanders    and    numerous    statesmen  of 
America  have  drank  out  of  it. 


CHAPTER  LXI. 

Elections  in  Annapolis  Duking  the  Civil  War. 

The  right  of  elective  franchise  was  capricious  in  Annapolis  during 
the  war,  and  depended  entirely  upon  the  orders  issued  by  the  general 
of  the  military  department  of  Maryland.  These  new  qualificalicms  for 
voters  were  formulated  in  test  oaths  whose  chief  objuration  was  tliat  the 
elector  had  no  sympathy  for  the  South  or  secession.  When  these  failed 
to  prevent  the  obnoxious  electorfrom  voting,  questions,  yet  more  effec- 
tual in  searching  the  conscience  of  the  voter,  were  put  until  the  desired 
disenfranchisement  was  accomplished.  (Jne  spectacle  was  amusing,  if  it 
had  not  been  disreputable.  Somebody  inspired  the  soldiers  at  the  Naval 
Academy  with  the  idea  that  they  had  a  right  to  vote  and,  on  being 
placed  on  their  voir  dire,  two  hundred  enlisted  soldiers  of  the  Federal 
government,  non-residents  of  the  State,  swore  that  they  had  come  into- 
the  State  of  Maryland  thirteen  months  previous  with  the  intention  of 
ruaking  this  their  residence  1  On  this  the  judges  of  election,  in  the 
city  of  Annapolis,  received  their  votes. 

[1863.]  The  election  in  November,  developed  an  anomalous  state 
of  things.  The  Constitution  and  Laws  of  Maryland  prescribed  cer- 
tain qualifications  for  voters  ;  the  General  Commanding  the  Depart- 
ment of  Maryland  by  his  pronunciamento  demanded  another  test  for 
the  right  of  franchise— an  oath  unknown  to  the  laws  of  the  State.  A 
number  of  citizens  of  Annapolis  refused  to  qualify  under  this  new 
regulation.     The  Gaztte  tersely  says : 

"Luring  the  past  week®  our  city  has  been  thrown  into  considerable 
excitement  in  consequence  of  the  arrest  of  a  number  of  persons,  citi- 
zens of  this  city.  Captain  Keffer,  Provost  Marshal  of  this  district,- 
who  obeys  orders  to  the  letter,  addressed  the  following  letter  to  Col. 
Waite  after  the  election  : 

"  'Col.  C.  A.  Waite,  1st  Infantry,   U.  S.  A., 

Commanding  at  Annapolis  : 

"  'Colonel: — I  have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you  the  following  names 
of  persons,  who,  upon  their  votes  being  challenged  on  the  ground  of 

*  Isbue  of  November  26, 1863. 


fiisTORY  OF  Annapolis.  311 

Disloyalty,  on  the  day  of  the  election  at  Annapolis,  refused  to  take 
the  oath  of  allegiance,  and  consequently  left  the  polls,  being  denied 
the  right  of  voting  : 

"  'Geo.  M.  Duvall,  Jos.  H.  Nicholson,  Oliver  Miller,  D.  Claude 
Handy,  Robt.  W.  Tate,  James  E.  Tate,  Wm.  Tell  Claude,  candidate 
on  the  Secessiont  Ticket  for  the  House  of  Delegates,  Thomas  G. 
Pratt,  Thomas  Franklin,  James  Revell,  candidate  on  the  Secession 
Ticket  for  State's  Attorney  ;  Martin  Revell,  Nicholas  H.  Green,  can- 
didate on  the  Secession  Ticket  for  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  ;  and 
Edward  Boyle. 

"  'Many  of  these  men  are  members  of  the  Bar,  and  express  their  de- 
termination on  Monday,  next,  or  as  soon  as  possible  thereafter,  to  have 
the  Judges  of  Election  indicted  before  the  Grand  Jury  of  Anne  Arun- 
del county,  for  refusing  to  receive  their  votes  in  accordance  with  the 
election  laws  of  the  State  Maryland. 

"  'I  would  most  respectfully  ask  what  course  I  shall  pursue  in  the 
event  of  the  Judges  of  the  Election  being  arrested. 

I  am  Colonel,  with  great  respect, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

FRANCIS  I.  KEFFER. 
Capt.  71st,  P.  v.,  Provost  Marshal." 

A  copy  of  Col.  Waite's  answer  is  not  extant ;  but  the  text  may  be  in- 
ferred by  the  sequence.  All  of  the  gentlemen,  who  refused  to  take  the 
oath,  were  arrested  and  required  to  report  to  Baltimore  to  Major- 
Gen.  Schenck,  where,  after  some  days'  delay,  they  were  all  paroled. 
save  Gov.  Pratt  and  Col.  Nicholson,  to  give  no  aid  and  no  comfort  to 
the  Southern  Confederacy.  They  were  then  allowed  to  return  home. 
Their  paroles  continue  to  this  day.  Gov.  Pratt  and  Col.  Nicholson 
got  as  far  south  as  Fortress  Munroe,  when  the  latter  took  the  oath  re- 
quired of  him,  and  returned  home.  Gov.  Pratt  refused  to  take  any 
oath  whatever,  and  was  finally  released  by  the  Government. 


CHAPTER  LXII. 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  feom  1863  to  1887. 

[1863.]  Dr.  Dennis  Claude  died  December  9th,  at  an  advanced 
age.  He  had  filled  many  honorable  positions,  amongst  them  State 
Treasurer  and  Comptroller. 

Roger  Bellis,  of  Annapolis,  lost  a  leg  at  Gettysburg  and  was  after- 
ward made  a  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  luA-alid  Corps. 

December  23,  a  fire  broke  out  at  the  house  of  Smith  Price.  The 
military  effectively  aided  the  citizens  in  extinguishing  the  fire.  The 
Gazette  called  on  the  Legislature  to  aid  the  city  to  secure  a  fire  en- 

?Tl>emocratic, 


312  ''The  Ancient  City. 


^ 


ine.     Twenty  years  later  under  the  administration  of  Dr.  Abram 
llaiide,  3Iayor,  this  engine  was  obtained  by  the  city — the  ladies  hav- 
ing contributed  by  a  fair  $600  to  the  engine. 

Under  the  Constitution  adopted  in  1864,  a  prominent  citizen  of  An- 
napolis, Hon.  Alex.  Randall,  was  elected  Attorney  General.  He  was 
a  son  of  John  Randall,  who,  for  many  years,  had  been  collector  of  the 
port,  and  who  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  the  city.  Alexander 
Randall  early  showed  his  ability,  taking  at  graduation  at  St.  John's 
College,  the  first  honor  of  his  class.  H-^  was  in  early  life  sent  to  repre- 
sent his  district  in  Congress.  He  died  in  1881.  After  his  decease  his 
family  beautifully  completed  the  interior  of  St.  Anne's  Mission  Chapel 
as  a  memorial. 

The  Gazette  failed  this  year  to  obtain  the  State  printing  contract. 
This  loss  of  party  printing,  conceded  in  part  to  the  home  paper,  was 
borne  with  an  equanimity  of  mind  that  betokened  a  lofty  spirit.  He 
says  January  14 : 

"Our  Paper. — Our  readers  will  excuse  the  want  of  the  usual  va- 
riety in  today's  issue.  The  length  of  tlie  advertisement  in  relation  to 
the  mail  contracts  excludes  much  Legislative  and  other  news  we 
would  be  glad  to  publish  if  we  had  time  to  prepare  it.  But  being 
obliged  to  be  mostly  our  own  typo-setter  and  i)ressman  (as  well  as 
editor)  we  must  ask  indulgence  "for  a  week  or  two.  We  think  it  per- 
tinent to  remai-k  here  that  the  fears  or  hopes  of  those  persons  who 
think  the  Gazette  will  be  suspended  in  consequence  of  not  obtaining  any 
of  the  Legislative  work  are  groundless.  Our  first  object,  when  consent- 
ing to  take  the  proprietorship  of  the  Gazette  was  that  the  Union  party 
in  this  city,  and  in  the  congressional  district  should  have  a  paper  de- 
voted to  the  holy  cause  of  preserving  this  great  and  free  nation  from  the 
terriljle  results  that  would  follow  upon  its  dissolution.  Our  mind  has 
undergone  no  change  and  the  Gazette  will  continue  to  be  published, 
if  we  are  blessed  with  health,  at  least,  so  long  as  this  unnatural  war 
last,  even  should  circumstances  comj)el  us  to  bog  or  borrow  a  couple 
of  blankets  and  made  our  ijed  with  tlie  types  and  our  daily  food  be 
bread  and  potatoes."  H^ 

[1864.]  Jan.  21,  Prof.  Wm.  H.Thompson,  A.  M.,  professor  of  the 
PreparatoryDepartmentof  St.  John's  College  advertised  that  "studies, 
as  prescribed  by  the  prospectus  of  the  college  will  be  resumed  at  the 
City  Hall,  (now  Worthiugton  tt  Co's.,  Drug  Store,)  on  the  first  day 
of  February,  and  continue  there  until  the  Government  may  deem  it 
proper  to  vacate  the  College.  *  *  *  No  student  admitted  who  has 
not  been  vaccinated.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  and  Gov- 
ernors." 

The  small-pox  had  prevailed  at  Annapolis  for  some  time  past  but 
was  now  abating. 

The  Gazette  gives  January  28,  this  tid-bit  of  local  "war  news  :" — 
"Sent  South. — Mrs.  Davidson,  who  was  some  time  since  captured 
while  crossing  the  Potomac  from  Virginia  to  Maryland,  and  who  has 
since  been  confined  in  the  Old  Capitol  at  Washington,  was  on  Friday 
last  sent  to  the  commanding  officer  at  Fortress  Munroe  to  be  returned 
South.  Mrs.  S.  is  the  wife  of  Lieut.  ILinter  Davidson,  formerly  of 
the  U.  S.  Navy,  but  who  deserted  the  Old  Flag  and  joined  the  Traitors 
soon  after  the  rebelllion  shew  its  strenerth." 


History  OP  Annapolis.  313 

During  the  early  part  of  February  three  Russian  vessels  arrived  at 
.Annapolis.  During  their  stay  a  Russian  sailor  Demidorf  was  killed 
by  an  Annapolitan.  Demidorf  was  buried  in  the  National  Cemetery 
near  Annapolis. 

Sunday,  Feljruary  14th,  abo\it  haK-past  four  in  the  pfternoon 
a  destructive  fire  visited  Annapolis.  A  large  three-stor^'  build- 
ing, foot  of  Main  street,  called  Noah's  Ark  caught  on  fire.  A 
violent  wind  was  blowing.  The  inside  was  completely  ruined;  two 
frame  houses  adjoining,  belonging  to  Mr.  John  Slemaker  were 
wrecked,  and  considerable  damage  done  to  the  store  and  brick-dwell- 
ing of  Mr.  Nicholas  Killman.  In  removing  the  goods  and  chattels  of 
the  Killman  residence,  three  flags  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  were 
brought  to  light.  This  highly  incensed  the  soldiers  who  were  untir- 
ingly working  to  put  out  the  fire.  Noah's  Ark  was  reduced  one- 
story,  and  the  walls  rebuilt  upon. 

A  company  of  negro  soldiers,  on  their  way  to  Baltimore,  were 
obliged  to  put  into  Annapolis  on  account  of  the  ice  during  the  latter 
part  of  February.  They  encamped  at  St.  John's  College.  They 
paraded  the  strreets  of  Annapolis,  and  it  aroused  the  military  spirit 
amongst  the  colored  people,  who  flocked  to  the  camp  and  enlisted. 
•One  hundred  and  twenty  went  from  Annapolis,  about  twenty  of  whom 
were  rejected  as  disqualified.  The  Gazette,  says  it  learned  that  be- 
tween two  and  three  hundred  slaves  had  left  their  masters  with  the 
determination  to  enlist.     The  Gazette  approved  their  conduct. 

During  the  last  week  in  March,  Col.  Carros  A.  Waite  of  the  U.  S. 
Infantry,  was  relieved  of  the  military  command  of  Annapolis,  and 
Col.  A.  R.  Root  appointed  in  his  stead.  Capt.  Keffer,  Provost  Mar- 
shal, was  also  relieved,  and  Capt.  Thomas  Watkins,  of  Company  B., 
of  the  Purnell  Legion,  was  put  in  his  place.  Capt.  Watkins'  com- 
pany performed  the  duties  of  Provost  Guard. 

The  local  election  in  Annapolis  in  April,  developed  a  new  jiarty  cry. 
The  tickets  were  Union  and  Anti-Huckster.  The  Union  ticket  re- 
ceived a  support  of  168,  and  the  Anti-Huckster  97.  The  excitement 
was  small,  the  vote  light.     Solomon  Philips  was  elected  Mayor. 

The  JIayland  Rei^tyblican  passed  a  high  eulogy,  at  the  retirement 
•of  Hon.  Geo.  Wells  from  the  Pre.sidency  of  the  Annapolis  and  Elk 
Ridge  Railroad,  on  his  management  of  it,  which  had  elevated  the 
Road  from  a  very  low  estate  to  one  of  great  prosperity  and  useful- 
ness. In  1863  the  State  received  from  the  road  $14,286.73,  being 
nearly  5  per  cent,  on  the  State's  investment  in  the  road.  Joshua 
Brown,  Esq.,  succeeded  Mr.  Wells. 

April  12,  Gen.  Grant  and  several  of  his  staff  were  in  Annapolis. 

Anne  Arundel  by  an  overwhelming  vote  elected  Eli  .1.  Henkle, 
Oliver  Miller,  Sprigg  Harwood,  and  A.  S.  Bond,  democrats,  as  dele- 
gates to  the  State  Convention  which  had  been  called  by  the  people. 
The  Convention  met  April  27.  Its  chief  acts  were  the  proposed 
emancipation  of  slaves  without  pay  and  the  enactment  of  qualifi- 
cations for  voters  ])y  which  a  large  part  of  the  white  male  citizens  of 
the  State  were  disfranchised.  The  constitution,  with  the  aid  of  the 
Maryland  soldiers'  votes  in  their  camps  ■  in  the  field,  was  adopted  by 
400  votes. 

Col.  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  late  editor  of  the  Gazette,  was  sent  to 
Annapolis  in  May,  as  Paymaster  U.  S.  Army. 


314  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

In  June  subscription  books  were  "to  be  seen"  for  the  Annapolis 
waterworks. 

The  barbers  determined  this  month  and  thereafter  to  work  no  more 
on  Sunday. 

In  July,  1864,  General  Early  of  the  Confederate  Army,  made 
an  invasion  of  Maryland.  The  alarm  extended  to  Annapolis,  and  the 
military  authorities  began  to  fortify  the  city.  The  long  line  of  re- 
doubts, extending  parallel  with  the  Annapolis  and  Bay  Ridge  Railroad 
from  the  Annapolis,  Washington  anl  Baltimore  railroad  to  the 
public  road,  was  thrown  up  to  meet  the  expected  advance  of  the  Con- 
federates. To  build  the  works  citizens  were  impressed  by  the  j^ro- 
vost-guard  and  marched  in  double  files  daily  to  the  earth  works. 
This  duty  was  obnoxious  to  many  who  were  strongly  southern  in 
their  sentiments,  and  who  did  not  relish  the  idea,  of  fighting  against 
people  whom  they  thought  were  in  the  right.  Nor  was  the  impress- 
ment of  Southern  sympathizers  altogether  approved  of  by  the  Union 
side,  one  of  them  saying  afterward  if  the  fight  had  come  off,  he  "would 
have  had  to  keep  one  eye  on  the  Southern  sympathizers  in  his  ranks 
and  one  eye  on  the  Confederates."  On  this  occasion  the  only  bitter- 
ness of  spirit  of  the  war,  outside  of  newspaper  utterances  and  poli- 
tical eommunicatious,  was  exhibited.  Some  citizens  were  found  so 
despicable  as  to  buckle  on  a  sword,  and,  at  the  head  of  squads  of 
military,  to  search  out  southern  sympathizers  hidden  in  their  homes 
in  the  town,  to  drag  them  out  to  the  earthworks.  Some  of  these  ran- 
corous spirits  were  among  the  first  to  turn  (democrats  ?)  when  that 
pttrty  came  into  power  in  1807. 

During  the  three  days  of  alarm  a  few  of  the  fugitives  were  able  to 
hide,  one  finding  refuge  in  the  belfry  of  the  First  Charge  3Iethodist 
Episcopal  Church,  where  he  safely  remained  until  the  impressment 
was  over. 

The  various  drafts  for  conscripts  were  sources  of  deep  trouble  to 
the  city.  Mr.  Frank  H.  Stockett  was  the  draft  ofl^icer  and  Dr.  Wil- 
ham  Brewer  the  medical  examiner.  Men,  conscripted  to  fight  in  a  cause 
they  disapproved  of,  made  miserable  men  and  women.  It  was  sur- 
prising to  find  how  many  people  developed  hidden  ailments.  Unsus- 
pected sources  of  pain  and  impediment  were  suddenly  created  by  the 
drawing  of  the  unlucky  number.  One  man  developed  a  lameness  that 
entirely  disappeared  on  the  cessation  of  hostilities.  Those  citizens 
who  had  money,  liberally  subscribed  for  the  unfortunates  to  purchase 
substitutes. 

A  border  city,  Annapolis  sent  representatives  to  both  armies.  These 
met  in  deadly  array  against  each  other  at  Front  Royal  and  Winches- 
ter, Vn-gima,  and  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,— the  Annapolis  Confederates 
bemg  m  the  celebrated  charge  up  Gulp's  Hill. 

In  the  latter  part  of  July  Annapolis  was  highly  excited  over  an 
alleged  haunted  house.  Violent  knocks  and  noises  drove  a  family 
tliat  had  rented  the  house  from  the  premises  and  coal,  bricks,  and  clubs 
flew  through  the  air  to  the  great  fear  of  the  superbtitious.  The  ar- 
rest of  one  colored  man  ended  the  ghost  theory  manii'estations.  The 
impression  prevailed  that  the  negro  who  had  heretofore  occupied  the 
House,  tree  of  rent,  had  ingeniously,  with  the  assistance  of  friends, 
labored  to  create  the  impression  that  the  house  was  haunted  that  he 
might  return  to  his  old  lodgings  without  charge  for  rent  in  arrears. 


History  OF  Annapolis.  315 

Annapolis  was  on  the  alert,  through  a  committee,  to  see  that  it 
was  not  called  upon  to  furnish  more  than  its  quota  in  the  proposed 
drafts  of  the  government  for  soldiers. 

On  the  18th  of  August,  Henry  Frazier,  Jr.,  of  Co.  B.  Punell 
Legion,  was  killed  in  a  fight  on  the  Weldon  Railroad.  Capt.  T.  H, 
Watkius  was  wounded  in  the  head  at  the  same  time. 

[1865.]  The  war  behig  over,  those  who  went  from  Annapolis,  and 
who  survived,  returned  to  their  former  homes.  The  Confederates  and 
Federal  veterans  fraternized  like  brave  men  and  some  of  the  firmest 
friendships  in  the  city  have  been  cemented  between  those  who  wear 
the  palms  of  victory  and  those  who  maintained  the  "Lost  Cause." 

Such  was  the  friendly  feeling  existing  Ijetween  the  heroes  of  the  two 
armies  and  such  the  lofty  impulses  of  a  genuine  patriotism  that,  on 
31ay  30,  1883,  Meade  Post  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  invited 
S.  Thos.  McCullough,  a  lieutenant  of  the  Confederate  Army,  to  de- 
liver an  oration  at  a  joint  decoration  of  the  graves  of  the  Federal  and 
Confederate  soldiers  at  Annapolis.  The  invitation  was  accepted  in 
the  same  generous  spirit  in  which  it  was  tendered,  and  Federal  and 
Confederate  marched  together  to  the  silent  city  of  the  dead  and  laid 
their  immortelles  on  the  graves  of  those  who  had  died  for  their  convic- 
tions on  both  sides  of  the  great  conflict. 

A  new  picture  presented  itself  at  Annapolis.  By  September  21st, 
Annapolis  and  its  surroundings  had  ceased  to  be  a  military  department 
and  dropped  down  to  the  humble  pedestal  of  Post.  The  military  had 
dwindled  to  four  companies,  one  at  Annapolis  and  three  at  Camp 
Parole.  "The  Naval  Academy,"  said  the  Gazette,  "is  rapidly  assuming 
its  former  beauty,  and  the  midshipmen  in  our  streels  have  a  look  of  the 
olden  time. 

"Perhaps,  never  within  the  remembrance  of  the  oldest  inhabitants, 
has  Annapolis  exhbited  so  much  of  the  spirit  of  improvement.  Some 
forty  houses  are  being  erected  and  several  undergoing  useful  and  hand- 
some improvement.  The  dealers  in  building  material  are  as  busy  as 
bees.  *  *  *  *  Many  applications  are  made  for  dwellings,  but 
there  are  none  vacant  to  supply  the  demand." 

Annapolis  caught  the  base  ball  fever  prevalent  in  the  country  and 
inaugurated  the  Annapolis  Base  Ball  club  with  Edward  C.  Gantt,  as 
President ;  Dr.  D.  C.  Handy,  Vice-President  :  Secretary,  P.  S. 
Schwrar;  Treasurer,  John  H.  Thomas;  Directors— John  C.  Regan,  John 
T.  Wright,  John  S.  Maley. 

The  Naval  Academy  resumed  operations  at  Annapolis  Monday 
October  1,  under  the  Superin tendency  of  Rear  Admirel  D.  D.  Porter. 

The  election  in  Anne  Arundel  this  year  resulted  in  the  selection  of 
the  democratic  ticket.  The  vote  on  sheriff  shew  the  strength  of  the 
two  parties.  RignalD.  Woodward,  Union,  received  484,  votes  ;  Wm. 
Bryan,  democrat,  654. 

At  a  special  election  December  28,  George  Wells  was  elected  Senator 
from  Anne  Arundel  county  by  the  following  vote:  Wells,  Union,  436, 
James  Deale,  of  James,  D.,  391. 

In  January  the  town  clock  was  placed  in  St.  Anne's  and  was  con- 
sidered an  acquisition  to  the  city. 

January  22,  Henry  Barnard,  L.  L.  D.,  was  installed  as  President  of 
St.  John's  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 

The  Wesley  Chapel  congregation  purchased  in  Feburary  the  lot  ou 
East  street,  extending  to  Cornhill,  of   Geo.  M.  Taylor,  for  §5000, 


•516  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

lor  a  parsonage.     This  is  Gallilean  Hall  now  owned  by  the  colored 
people. 

The  Enterprise  Building  Association  was  organized  in  March  1st, 
•the  first  Building  Association  in  Annapolis.  W.  0.  Bigelow  was  Presi- 
dent. From  this  company  grew  the  Horn  Pdnt  settlement. _  The 
company  erected  the  Bridge  over  the  Spa  and  to  it  is  due  the  incep- 
;tion  of  this  creditable  annex  to  Annapolis. 

In  the  winter  of  this  year  Annapolis  was  the  scene  of  numerous 
petty  burglaries  and  arsons.  Among  the  attempts  to  do  damage  to  prop- 
erty was  one  to  blow  up  the  Steamer  Ferry  Boat,  Cajjt.  Stephen 
€hase,  on  Febuary  7,  l)y  firing  up  the  steamer  after  it  had  concluded 
her  trips  for  the  day. 

On  the  12th.  of  January,  George  Colton  was  elected  President  of 
the  Maryland  Hotel  Company  with  R.  Swann,  W.  H.  Tuck,  Robt. 
Fowler,  and  I.  M.  Denson  as  directors. 

On  the  IGth  of  January  the  following  were  elected  officers  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Annapolis.  President — Wm.  H.  Tuck  ;  Direc- 
tors— Robt.  Fowler,  James  Andrews,  J.  \\'esley  White,  and  Johns 
Hopkins. 

[1869.]  On  Thursday  March  25,  Hon.  A.  E.  Borie,  Secretary  of 
-the  Navy,  Vice  Admiral"  D.  D.  Porter,  and  a  number  of  ladies  from 
"Washington,  arrived  at  Annapolis  in  a  special  train  to  visit  the  Naval 
Academy.  They  were  met  at  the  depot  in  carriages  and  driven  to 
the  Academy.  The  Secretary  was  received  with  the  usual  lienors. 
The  officers,  midshipmen,  and  marines  were  drawn  up  in  full  dress, 
and  were  reviewed  by  the  Secretary  and  Admiral  Porter.  The  party 
was  much  pleased  with  its  visit,  and  returned  to  Wjishington  at  a 
Jate  hour  in  the  evening.  The  Secretary  was  greatly  gratified  at  the 
•situation  and  the  discipline  of  the  Academy. 

At  the  munici])al  election  on  Monday  Aj^ril  o,  the  vote  was  : 
For  Mayor. 
W.  0.  Bigelow,  Rep.  109.  Augustus  Gass^xway,  D.  335. 

For  Recorder. 
Nicholas  Brewer,  R.  116.  S.  T.  McCullough,  D.  326. 

For  Aldermen. 
J.  Guest  King,  R.  123.  John  H.  Thomas,  D.   317. 

Grafton  Mvmroe,  R.  114.  John   Hammond,   D.    333. 

Thos.  K.  Jones,  R.  111.  John  T.  Hvde,  D.  325. 

C.  A.  Sullivan,  R.  104.  Dr.  Geo.  Wells,  D.  339. 

M.  R.  easier,   R.  108.  W.  B.  Gardner,  D.  333. 

The  Gazette,  repuljlican,  explained  the  one-sidedness  of   the  elec- 

s-tion  thus  : 

"The  Republicans  fought  this  fight  squarely  upon  the  loth  Amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution.  It  was  talked  of  before  the  election  to 
bring  out  a  citizens'  ticket,  but  some  of  the  Republicans  feeing  op- 
posed to  any  compromise  with  the  democrats,  a  straight-out  Repub- 
lican ticket  was  nominated,  and  the  above  was  the  result.     It  will  be 

■seen  that  the  ticket  did  well,  as  a  large  number,  who  always  voted  our 
ticket,  having  no  hope  of  success,  did  not  go  to  the  polls.     This  is  the 

-first  election  in  this  city,  since  the  adoption  of  the  amendment.     We 


History  of  Annapolis.  317' 

say  to  the  Tiepublicans  of  this  city,  to  continue  in  the  good  work,  and 
'fight  it  out  on  that  line,  if  it  takes  a  life  time,'  and  we  will  surely 
triumph." 

[1870.]  St.  John's  College,  in  this  year,  reached  its  acme  of  prosperity 
under  the  presidency  of  James  C.  Welling.  On  Wednesday,  January 
19,  Dr.  Welling  made  this  report  to  the  Legislature  : 

"He  said  that  the  whole  number  of  students  during  the  scholastic 
year  ending  on  the  28th  of  July  last,  was  225,  the  average  attendance' 
being  aljout  200,  the  present  number  being  181.  The  whole  number 
of  students  nominated  by  tlie  School  Commissioners  of  the  several 
counties  for  admission  into  the  college  or  its  preparatory  department 
without  any  charge  for  tuition  or  text  books,  is  170.  The  average 
attendance  on  this  Imsis  during  the  last  and  the  present  year  has  ex- 
ceeded 100.  The  college  has  offered  during  this  period  to  receive  the 
full  quota  of  150,  and  has  made  preparations  to  do  so,  but  it  sometimes 
happens  that  the  pujiils  selected  by  the  county  boards  to  enjoy  these 
free  scholarships  fail  to  enter  the  college  with  punctuality.  The  col-- 
lege  has,  in  fact,  been  prepared  to  receive  160  additional  pupils, 
without  charge  for  tuition  or  text  books,  being  ten  in  excess  of  the 
number  requiied  by  the  existing  statutes,  which  enjoin  upon  insti- 
tutions receiving  State  aid  to  provide  gratuitious  instruction  at  the 
rate  of  one  student  for  every  $100  of  the  State  donation.  Every 
county  in  the  State  has  been  represented  on  this  basis.  The  accomo- 
dations of  the  college  have  l)een  strained  to  their  utmost  capacity  by 
the  number  of  students  seeking  admission.  Should  the  number  be 
materially  increased,  it  would  be  necessaiy  to  procure  additional 
accommodations  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  until  anewcollege  edifice 
could  be  erected.  The  want  of  such  a  building  is  already  sensibly 
felt.  It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  the  present  real  estate  of 
the  college  (representing  a  money  valueof  at  least  S250.000. )  is  purely 
the  result  of  j)rivate  munificence.  The  public  bounty  of  the  State' 
now  generously  co-operates  with  this  private  munificence  by  granting 
to  the  college,  for  a  limited  term,  an  annual  donation  of  815,000, 
being  in  fact  a  sum  equal  to  the  annual  interest  on  the  investment? 
made  by  private  munificence  for  the  founding  of  the  college  at  the 
Capital  of  Jlaryland.  If  the  endowment  of  the  college  were  only 
placed  on  a  permanenf.  basis,  its  present  prosperity  would  be  but  a 
pledge  of  its  higher  usefulness  in  the  future. 

"The  whole  number  of  teachers  now  comprised  in  the  Faculty  is 
thirteen,  but  the  main  l>urden  of  instruction  is  borne  by  nine  pro- 
fessors and  tutors,  who  alone  receive  a  salary  for  their  services.  In 
the  college  classes  now  comprising  sixty-one  students,  instruction  is- 
given  in  the  branches  of  learning  taught  in  American  colleges,  and 
the  standard  of  attainment  has  been  raised  to  the  highest  point  at 
which  it  is  fixed  by  any  similar  institution  in  the  country.  The  at- 
tention of  the  General  Assembly  is  particularly  invited  to  the  course 
of  study  pui-sued  in  the  several  classes  of  the  college,  as  it  is  believed 
to  be  unusually  broad  and  practical,  as  well  as  thorough  in  the 
methods  emidoyed  to  secure  proficiency  in  scholarship.  No  degree  of 
any  kind  is  conferred  except  on  the  evidence  of  adequate  attainments^ 

■'The  Preparatory  Department  of  the  College  corresponds,  in  the 
grade  and  quality  of  its  studies,  to  a  High  School.  During  the  last 
few  years  this  department  has  engrossed  the  larger  share  of  the 
Faculty's  attention,  but  as  it  is  the  wish  and  purpose  of  the  Board  of 


ai8  ''The  Ancient   City." 

Visitors  and  Governors  to  bnild  up  a  College  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the 
term,  and  one  that  shall  be  worthy  the  State,  it  is  obvious  that  the 
proportions  of  the  Preparatory  Department  must  hereafter  be  re- 
duced, that  the  College  proper  may  be  developed  on  the  liberal  and 
comprehensive  plan  designed  by  its  founders.  It  should  be  the  para- 
mount aim  of  the  College  to  impart  that  higher  education  which  can- 
not l)e  imparted  by  the  State,  and  to  do  this  on  terms  which  shall  not 
make  that  higher  edueatiou  the  exclusive  property  of  the  rich.  And 
it  is  in  this  view  that  the  College  las  jilaced  itself  in  sympathy  with 
the  cause  of  public  education  in  Maryland. 

"We  should  not,  perhaps,  omit  to  mention  that  military  tactics  are 
taught  to  all  students  who  desire  instruction  under  this  head,  and 
that  three  military  companies  have  been  formed  in  connection  with 
the  College." 

Dr.  Welling  ends  by  saying: 

"With  the  expression  of  srraditude  due  as  well  to  the  Legislature 
us  to  the  people  of  Maryland  for  the  generous  patronage  awarded  to 
the  College  (and  the  fruits  of  which  are  seen  in  its  present  unwonted 
prosperity),  I  oeg  leave,  on  belialf  of  the  Board  of  A'i-itors  and 
Governors  and  in  the  name  of  the  Faculty,  most  cordially  to  invite 
the  members  of  the  General  Assembly  to  visit  the  College,  and  to  in- 
spect the  method  used  for  the  maintenance  of  order  and  the  pro- 
motion of  diligence  in  regularity  and  study."  The  report  was  re- 
ferred to  the  Committee  on  Education. 

The  political  corruptions  following  the  Civil  War  reflected  upon  the 
Naval  Academy.  The  shamelessness  of  the  fiannting  evils  is  evinced 
jn  this  advertisement  that  appeared  in  a  Xew  York  daily  : 

"United  States  Naval  Academy. — A  cadet  vacancy  to  be  filled 
before  June.  Parties  of  means  address  Congressman.  Address,  Box 
No. —  office." 

The  Gazeffe   reproduced   the   advertismeiit   in   its   news   columns. 
March  10,  Robert  P.  Bonsall,  in  the  G-ird  year  of  his  age  died.  He 
was  for  many  years  printer  to  tlie  Court  of  Appeals,   and  was  a  man 
of  high  principle. 

The  Legislature  of  this  year  passed  the  Act  to  authorize  the  Mutual 
Building  Association  of  Annapolis  to  build  a  bridge  over  Spa  creek 
to  connect  at  Annapolis  and  Horn  Point. 

The  Court  House  of  Annapolis  has  been  made  the  scene  of  many 
important  trials  by  the  removal  of  cases  from  other  jurisdictions. 
Amongst  them  the  Wharton  trial  in  1872,  the  Hoffman  trial  for  the 
Harnden  Express  robbery  in  1870.  Nicholson  and  Holiahan  for 
murder  in  1873,  and  Hance,  for  murder  in  188o. 

During  the  trial  of  Nicholson  and  Holiahan,  whilst  State's  Attor- 
ney Revell  was  addressing  the  jury  for  the  State,  HoUohan  made  an 
attack  upon  Assistant  Marshal  Prey.  The  marslial  was  sitting  with- 
in the  rail  with  his  back  to  the  prisoner's  dock,  and  his  liald  crown 
within  reach  of  Hollohan,  who  rose  up  suddenly  and  dealt  him  a 
terrible  blow  upon  the  head  with  an  improvised  slung-shot  made  of 
a  stocking  and  a  piece  of  coal,  nails,  and  an  iron  staple"  The  marshal 
was  severely  wounded,  Nicholson  jumped  up  on  the  rail  as  if  to  dash 
out  of  the  Court  House,  whilst  Hollohan  was  seized  in  the  throat  Ijy 
J.  Randolph  Walton  and  Detective  Shaffer,  a  friend  of  Marslial  Prey, 
clubbed  his  revolver  and  beat  Hollohan  over  the  head.  People  fled  from 
the  Court  House  in   the    excitement,  and  a  general  uproar  ensued. 


History  OF  AjfSfAPOLis.  319 

-Judge  Ilayden,  the  only  one  that  seemetl  to  tintterstantl  that  Hollo- 
'han's  life  was  being  choked  )ut  of  him,  in  stentorian  tones  cried  out, 
-"Let  that  man  go  !"  Mr.  Walton,  who  had  some  traces  left  of  the 
:Samsonian  strength  of  his  youth,  took  his  hand  from  the  throat 
.  of  the  well-nigh  dead  brute,  who  defiantly  demanded  that  they  kill 
him.  The  prisoners  were  then  ironed,  and  the  trial  proceeded.  When 
I  be  was  sentenced,  Chief  Judge  Miller  ordered  the  irons  off  the  prisoners, 
■^saying,  that  "No  man  should  be  sentenced  in   this  Court  in  chains." 

[1883.]  On  the  morning  of  Monday,  October  18,  1883,  a  disastrous 

fire  occurred  in  Annapolis.      It  began  from  some  unknown  cause, 

about  2  A.  M.,  in  a  store  on  Market  Space,  occupied  by  Mr.  Lewis  S. 

Clayton,  and   destroyed  three  large  brick  houses  on   Market  Space, 

ilnjured  another,  and  partially  or  wholly  destroyed  five  or  six  others  on 

31ain  street.     Over  3[r.  Clayton's  store  was  the  res-idence  of  Mr. 

-James  Legg.     When  the  fire  was  discovered,  Mr,  hegg's  family  hur- 

-ried  to  the  street.     His  son,  Mr.  Charles  Legg,  when  the  fire  was 

■threatening  to  overwhelm  him,  sought  the  room  of  his  aged  aunt. 

Miss  Eleanor  Watkins,  to  save  her  from  the  flames.     Their  charred 

.bones,  the  next  day,  mutely  toM  the  heroic  and  futile  sacrifice.     The 

citizens  of  Annapolis  erected  a  monument  to  Mr.   Legg  in  the  City 

Cemetery.     lie  was  forty-four  years  old  when  he  died. 

[1886-]  After  the  Revolution  the  trade  of  Annapolis  rapidly  de- 
clined. The  commerce  which  it  had  enjoyed,  took  its  flight  to  Balti- 
more where  all  the  traffic  of  the  State  centered,  and  fortunes  were  no 
longer  made  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Annapolis.  What  that  trade 
,once  was  is  illustrated  in  the  history  of  one  of  its  merchants,  Absalom 
Bjdgely.  son  of  Henry  Ridgely.  Mr.  Ilidgely  was  bom  in  1743,  and 
began  his  mercantile  ventures  in  the  little  house  on  Flat-Iron  corner, 
fit  the  inter-section  of  Fleet  and  Cornhill  streets.  His  capital  at 
marriage  was  S150.  When  he  died,  at  the  ripe  age  of  70.  he  was 
able  to  give  each  of  his  eight  children,  eight  thousand  dollars  a  piece 
in  cash,  besides  leaving  real  property  to  l:'e  divided  amongst  them, 
Nor  was  this  the  chief  heritage,  he  bequeathed  them — he  left  them  that 
which  is  greater  than  riches — a  good  name.  His  epitaph  so  suniS  up 
the  whole  matter. — "He  calmly  resigned  his  soul  to  Him  who  gave  it, 
after  having  faithfully  discharged  his  duties  as  a  man  and  as  a  chris- 
tian." His  sons  rose  up  to  do  him  honor.  John,  David,  Richard, 
Charles  and  Nicholas.  Richard  was  a  merchant  of  Annapolis  ;  David 
was  State  Librarian  and  the  author  of  the  Annals  of  Annapolis;  and 
.  John  was  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army,  who,  after  his  resig- 
nation of  that  position,  was  a  prominent  physician  in  civil  life. 

Annapolis,  however,  retained  some  traces  of  its  former  important 
business  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  war  between  the  States.  The  plan- 
ters of  Anne  Arundel  came  regularly  to  tlie  city,  at  the  proper  seasons, 
and  laid  in  supplies  for  their  slaves  and  families.  These  bills  of  five 
and  six  hundred  dollars  each,  were  covered  by  notes  that  were 
promptly  met  at  maturity.  With  the  abolition  of  slavery,  this  trade 
was  t  aken  away  from  ttie  merchants,  and  the  mercantile  trade  has 
Jittle  outside  resources.  The  Naval  Academy,  in  some  measure,  sup- 
plies the  benefits  ^  a  foreign  trade.  The  oyster-packing  establish- 
ments, of  which  t^ere  are  about  ten,  bring  consideralile  money  into 
the  city,  which,  with  the  home  trade  in  oysters,  redeems  the  mercantile 
business  from  annihilation. 


S'iO  ''The  Ancient  City.'' 

Once  since  the  period  of  the  ancient  commercial  prosperity  of  Anua-- 
polis,  its  mercantile  trade  received  a  decisive  impulse.  The  Civil  War 
having  made  Annapolis  a  military  rendezvous,  thousands  of  soldiers 
were  always  quartered  in  and  about  the  city  and  the  private  supplies 
bought  by  them  gave  any  merchant  who  would  improve  it,  opportunity 
to  secure  a  competence.  Some  of  them  took  advantage  of  the  oc- 
casion and  markedly  bettered  their  fortunes. 

Monday,  December  27,  the  Anne  Arundel  Historical  Society  cele- 
brated its  first  anniversary.  Gen.  Bradley  T.  Johnson  read  a  paper 
on  "The  Battle  of  the  Severn,"  fought  opposite  Aimapolis,  March 
25th,  1655.  The  society  requested  the  paper  for  publication.  Officers 
of  the  Society  for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected  : — President — Nicho- 
las Brewer  ;  Vice-President — Frank  B.  Mayer  ;  Secretary — J.  Har- 
wood  Iglehart ;  Treasurer — J.  Schaaf  Stockett.  Board  of  Directors — ■ 
Rev.  Robert  H.  Williams  and  Daniel  R.  Randall. 

[1887.]  The  Amateur  Dramatic  Association  of  the  Naval  Academy 
gave  its  first  entertainment  on  Saturday,  January  15.  Gov.  Lloyd 
and  wife  were  among  the  guests.  The  play  was  entitled  : — ^"'The 
Shakespeare  Water  Cure."  The  cast  was: — Ophelia,  Mrs.  Lieut. 
Bartlett  ;  Portia,  Mrs.  Lieut.  J.  T.  Smith  :  Lady  Macbeth,  Miss  Har- 
rington ;  Juliet,  Miss  Sampson  ;  Macbeth,  Ensign  Knapp :  Romeo, 
Ensign  Gibbons  ;  Othello,  Ensign  Lloyd  ;  Hamlet,  Lieut.  Mitchell : 
Shylock,  Lieut.  Mahan. 

Louis  H.  Rehn,  Collector  and  Treasurer  of  Annapolis,  made  his 
annual  report  Monday  night.  February  14,  to  the  Corportion  for  the 
year  ending  December  31,  1886.  The  rep»rt  showed  the  finances  of 
the  city  to  be  in  a  most  healthful  condition.  The  revenue  of  the  city 
for  the  year  was  §26,201.49  ;  the  disbursements.  S23,371.42.  Balance 
in  treasury,  $1,829.77.  Debts  due  by  the  city,  814,213.89,  lionded 
debts,  37,750,  total  debt,  826,801.18.  Debts  due  the  city,  817.571.50. 
Bonds,  stock,  &c.,  credited  to  the  sinking  fund,  88,562.90.  The 
debts  due  the  city  and  the  credits  to  the  sinking  fund  will  almost  pay 
the  floating  and  bonded  debt  of  the  city.  The  city  has  personal  and 
real  property  the  value  of  857,665.00.  The  city's  business  is  now  car- 
ried on  a  cash  basis — a  bill  passed  one  night  by  the  Board  will  be  paid 
the  next  day. 

The  local  sensation  at  Annapolis,  Wednesday,  March  9th,  was  the 
running  of  the  first  regular  trains  on  the  Annapolis  and  Baltimore 
Short  Line  railroad.  One  train  left  here  at  6.40  A.  M.,  with  twenty- 
five  passengers  for  Baltimore.  It  reached  Baltimore  at  8  A.  M.  It 
returned  here  at  9.30,  A.  M.,  leaving  Baltimore  at  8.20,  A.  M.  The 
train  was  under  the  care  of  Conductor  George  Bender,  with  James 
Hull,  engineer,  and  Christopher  Carl,  fireman.  The  second  train  left 
here  at  at  noon  under  the  conductorship  of  E.  T.  Divens,  with  John 
McCardy,  engineer,  J.  T.  Newell,  Ijrakeman,  G.  W.  Spalding,  bag- 
gage-master and  express  messenger,  P,  Dowlin,  fireman.  It  carried 
thirty-one  passengers  to  Baltimore,  There  was  a  number  of  citizens- 
out  to  give  the  new  venture  a  good  send-off.  The  third  train  left 
Annapolis  at  4.20,  P.  M. 

March  12,  Jacob  V.  Dolman,  captain  of  the  oyster  schooner,  Oliver 
M.  Ruark.  was  brought  into  Annapolis  on  th(|  charge  of  killing  Wil- 
liam Stanley,  one  of  his  crew,  in  the  Chesjxpeake,  off  Hackett's  Point. 
Bartley  and  Stanley,  two  of  the  crew,  were  afraid  tlie  boat  would 


History  OF  Annapolis.  331 

■lurn  over  and  lowered  the  sail  two  or  three  times  as^ainst  the  captain's 
order.     On  the  last  time,  the  Captain  shot  and  killed  Stanley. 

March  28,  the  venerable  poplar  on  St.  John  College  Campus  was  ac- 
cidently  set  on  fire  by  someljoys.  Another  set  of  youths,  after  consid- 
f^rable  effort,  extinguished  the  flames. 

Tuesday,  April  4,  Dr.  George  Wells,  of  Annapolis,  was  elected  by 
a  unanimous  vote  of  the  County  Commissioners,  treasurer  of  Anne 
Arundel  county. 

Lieut.  John  W.  Danenhower,  one  of  the  survivors  of  the  Jeannette 
Expedition  to  the  Polar  regions,  committed  suicide  at  the  Naval 
Academy,  Wednesday,  April  20th,  by  shooting  himself  in  the  temple. 
He  was  laboring  under  a  melancholy,  produced  from  the  grounding 
of  the  U".  S.  Ship  Constellation  in  the  Cheasapeake  whilst  he  was  in 
command. 

April  25,  Wm.  H.  F.  Wilson,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Annapolis, 
..flied  in  his  78t!i  vear. 


CHAPTER  LXni. 

A  Disastrous  Accident. 

18GG. 

On  Monday  afternoon,  July  9th,  1833,  four  Fathers  and  three 
-atudeuts,  Fathers  Louis Classea:is,  .James Bradley,  John  Gerdemann, 
ivnd  Tijnothy  Enright,  and  students  John  Kenny,  John  B.  Range  and 

Guhl,  left  the  Redemp.orist  College  in  this  city  on  a  sailing 

expedition. 

In  a  secluded  place,  about  five  miles  from  Annapolis,  two  or  three 
concluded  to  take  a  bath,  when  student  John  Kenny,  who  was  con- 
valescing from  a  recent  illness  was  taken  sick  and  came  near  drown- 
ing, but  was  rescued  by  Mr.  Guhl.  Whilst  the  latter  was  rescuing 
Mr.  Kenny,  Father  Gerdemann,  attempting  to  help  them,  was  seen 
to  disappear.  This  occurred  between  five  and  six  in  the  afternoon. 
Although  called  for,  and  searched  for.  Father  Gerdemann  was  never 
seen  again  alive. 

The  rain  now  began  to  jioar  in  incessant  showers,  and  the  wind  to 
blow  with  appalling  violence.  The  faithful  party  remained  until  ten 
o'clock  endeavoring  to  secure  the  body  of  the  dead  priest,  but  all  :n 
vain.  The  starm  of  rain  and  wind  still  continued,  when  the  sorrow- 
ful company  set  out  upon  their  return  home.  When  they  had  gotten 
some  distance  from  the  shore,  an  effort  was  made  to  put  up  the  sail. 
Too  many  were  on  one  side,  and,  a  sudden  flaw  striking  the  sail,  the 
boat  was  capsized.  As  the  Ijoat  went  over.  Father  Enright  Jumped 
off  into  the  water,  and  getting  on  the  bottoia  of  the  boat  was  the 
^only  one  who  was  not  caught  under  the  vessel. 
31 


823  "The  Ancient  City." 

Mr.  Kenny  was  the  first  to  appear,  but  sank  immediately  saying : 
"Jesi;s,  Mary,  Joseph,  assist  me  !"  Mr.  Runge  next  appeared, 
ejaculating — "'Oh,   my  God,   have  mercy  on  me." 

Father  Enright  helped  Father  Classeaus  from  under  the  Iwat- 
and  heard  his  confession.  In  the  meanwhile  Father  Bradley  had 
come  from  under  the  boat  and  was  clinging  to  the  rudder,  whilst  Mr. 
Guhl  was  all  this  time  under  the  boat  living  by  breathing  the  air  that 
■was  between  the  bottom  of  the  boat  and  the  water. 

This  state  of  affairs  lasted  about  fifteen  minutes  when  the  boat,  up"- 
tuniing,  freed  Mr.  Guhl  from  his  dangerous  situation,  but  this  broke 
the  hold  of  Father  Classeans,  and  he  sank,  and  rose  no  more.  Whilst 
the  boat  was  righted  the  survivors  endeavored  to  take  in  the  sail,  but, 
before  it  was  accomplished,  the  boat  was  again  overturned.  The 
anchor  dropping  out  of  the  boat  and  fastening  in  the  bottom  produced 
a  reactionary  motion  from  the  force  of  the  waves  that  kept  the  boat 
constantly  rolling,  and  what  was  worse  kept  the  boat  from  drifting 
ashore,  as  it  would  have  done  since  the  wind  blew  to  the  laud. 

The  boat  was  a  round  bottomed  one,  and  Father  Enright  and  Cfuhl, 
on  opposite  sides,  clasped  hands  and  in  that  manner  kept  themselves 
on  tJie  boat  and  steadied  it  somewhat,  Father  Bradley  still  clinging  to 
the  rudder.  Here  these  brave  and  holy  mea  encouraged  each  other 
by  praying  and  making  confessions  of  sins,  expressing  their  willitig- 
ness  to  die,  and  yet  declaring  they  would  make  every  effort  in  their 
power  to  save  themselves.  Mr.  Guhl  was  affected  with  sleep,  and 
had  to  be  constantly  called  to  be  kept  awake.  When  help  was  offered 
Father  Bradley,  he  refused  it  declaring  that  each  had  sufficient  to  do  ta 
save  himself.  Their  strength  was  wasting  every  moment,  and  when 
one  hour  before  daylight.  Father  Bradley  lost  nis  hold  by  the  boat 
overturning,  he  was  unable  to  regain  it  and  perished.  Father  Enright 
also  lost  hold  and  was  sinking  when  rescued  by  Mr.  Guhl,  and  they 
once  more  clasped  hands  across  the  boat. 

Ho  through  that  direful  night,  the  terrible  hours  wore  on,  and  at- 
daylight  the  two  survivors  found  they  were  a  half  mile  from  shore, 
and,  on  trying  the  depth,  found  they  could  touch  bottom,  a  thing, 
many  beUeve  with  every  reason,  they  could  have  done  at  any  time  dur- 
ing the  accident,  since  the  boat  would  not  likely  drift  from  its  first 
position  after  the  anchor  fell  from  the  boat. 

On  gaining  the  shore  Father  Enright  and  Kenny  went  to  the  house 
of  Aunt  Charity  Brashears  who  gave  them  restoratives,  and  ottered 
to  convey  them  to  Annapolis,  but  being  chilled  the  two  preferred  tv 
walk,  and  made  their  way  to  Barber's  farm  on  the  opposite  side  of 
Spa  Creek,  and  made  their  melancholy  signal  to  their  associates  in 
the  Redemptorist  College.  Here  their  signal  was  seen,  and  tlie  sur- 
vivors were  brought  to  the  Institution  to  tell  their  sorrowful  story.  It 
was  9,30  a.  m.,  when  they  arrived  greatly  exhausted,  and  fears  were 
entertained  for  their  recovery. 

Father  Classeans  was  pastor  of  St.  Mary's  Church  in  this  city,  and 
Professor  of  Moral  Theology  in  the  College.  He  was  only  3»  years 
old.  He  came  from  Holland  to  America  in  1851.  Father  Gerde- 
mann  was  from  Cumberland,  Md.,  was  Professor  of  Rhetoric,  Eng- 
lish, and  German  Literature.  He  was  conductor  of  the  colored 
Catholic  School  here,  and  pastor  of  the  Catholic  Church  of  West 
River.     He  was  27  years  old.     Father  Bradley  was  here  recuperating^ 


History  OF  Annapolis.  323 

He  ^vas  37  years  old.  Mr.  Kenny  was  studying  Moral  Theology,  and 
wonld  have  been  ordained  the  following  Easter.  Mr.  Runge  was  just 
finishing  his  course  of    Philosophy. 

Search  was  actively  and  instantly  instituted  for  the  recovery  of  the 
bodies,  which  were  eventually  recovered  ;  and  carried  amidst  a  sorrow- 
ing city  to  the  College,  St.  Mary's  bell  ringing  a  dirge  as  each  suc- 
cessive corpse  was  recovered.  . -4J 

This  was  the  first  accident  of  any  kind  that  had  ever  occurred  to 
the  members  of  the  Socie4;y  of  Redemptorist.  This  order  was  founded 
in  Italy,  November  9,  1793. 


CHAPTER  LXIV. 

Annapolis  of  the  Present. 

In  1870,  Annapolis  had  a  population,  exclusive  of  the  Naval  Academy, 
whose  average  is  500  inhabitants,  of  5,744  ;  in  1880,  6,G42. 

The  city  has  doubled  jts  population  since  1845,  the  date  of  the  lo- 
cation of  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis.  The  pressing  want  of 
the  city  has  been  the  establishment  of  inamifaGt.:ries.  They  have  never 
flourished  and  the  fine  harbor  of  the  city  has  been  comparatively  of 
little  use.  In  1885,  the  Annapolis  (jlass  Works,  situated  at  Horn 
Point,  were  finished,  and  are,  at  present,  in  successful  operation. 

The  opening  of  tho  sum.ner  resort.  Bay  Ridge,  some  five  years  since, 
attracted  attention  to  Annapolis,  and  the  building  of  the  railroad 
from  Annapolis  to  the  resort,  consummated  in  Jiily,  1886,  was  the  di- 
rect result  of  the  ina'iguration  of  this  popular  excursion  place. 

By  the  Annapolis  and  Baltimore  Short  Line  Railroad,  between 
the  capital  and  the  metropolis  of  the  State,  railroad  communi- 
cation has  been  shortened  one-third  in  one  ease,  and  in  the  other 
nearly  one-half.  This  road  gives  promise  of  large  advantage  to 
Annapolis,  in  its  traveling  facilities,  and  in  bringing  to  the  attention 
of  capitalists  the  magnificent  harbor  of  Annapolis  and  its  almost  en- 
tire exemption  from  obstruction  from  ice  in  winter.  The  slow  growth 
of  Annapolis  has  been  the  constant  gibe  of  the  unthinking.  The  city, 
however,  in  late  years  has  shown  a  spirit  of  improvement.  In  1877, 
the  lots  in  the  rear  of  Market  street  to  South  street  were  placed  ou 
the  market.  They  were  sold  with  great  rapidity  and  in  the  course  of 
a  year,  over  three  hundred  houses  were  built.  This  was  largely  due 
to  the  liberal  spirit  of  the  Workingmen's  Building  and  Loan  Associa- 
tion which,  proving  an  exception  to  most  associations  of  that  charac- 
ter, made  it  possible  for  many  to  build  homes  for  themselves  who  had 
no  means  otherwise.  In  1879  and  1880,  the  houses  on  Prince  George 
street,  between  Maryland  and  College  Avenues  were  built,  and  also 
the  fime  residences  of  Mrs.  Commodore  Thornton  and  John  II.  Thomas,. 
Esq.,  on  Maryland  Avenue, 


324  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

The  bridge  over  the  Spa,  coDiiecting  the  village  of  Horn  Point  with 
Annapolis,  was  built  in  18(58,  and  the  one  over  College  creek  about 
the  same  period.  In  1887,  the  citizens  of  Horn  Point  resolved  to  call 
their  village  Severn  City. 

Annapolis  has  telegraphic  and  telephonic  facilities,  gas,  and  fine 
water-works,  and  is  noted  as  an  excellent  place  of  residence.  Its 
chief  disadvantage  is  a  lack  of  opportunity  to  advance  the  financial 
interests  of  its  residents. 

St.  .John's  College  affords- unusual  educational  facilities,  and  the 
presence  of  the  Naval  Academy,  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State, 
and  the  Legislative  Body  induces  an  acquaintance  with  public  affairs 
that  is  at  once  entertaining,  improving,  and  valuable. 

Many  of  the  inhabitants  count  their  progenitors,  generation 
after  generation,  back  to  the  earliest  settlers  of  Providsnce.  They  yet 
emulate  the  manly  qualities  and  heroic  spirit  of  their  sturdy  ances- 
r.ors.  untai'nished  by  their  bigotry  and  austerity. 

In  [tecember  10,  1873,  the  Taney  Statue,  located  on  the  State  House 
hill,  was  unveiled.  The  work  was  done  by  William  Ki.ichart,  a  na- 
tive of  Maryland.  The  presentation  was  made  to  the  State,  from  the 
committee  in  charge,  by  S.  T.  Wallis.  The  oration,  on  the  occasion 
in  the  Senate  Chamber,  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  efforts  of  that 
golden-tongued  (Orator . 

August  10,  1886,  the  DeKalb  Statue  was  unveiled  With  imposing 
Masonic  and  Military  ceremonies.  The  Statue  was  the  work  of 
Ephraim  Keyser,  a  young  Baltimore  sculptor,  and  has  met  the  l)est 
anticipations  of  the  public.  Mr.  Keyser  presented  the  statue  to  the 
United  States,  and  Seci-etary  of  State,  Tht^mas  F.  Bayard,  received  it 
in  an  eloquent  address.  Col.  J.  Thomas  Scharf  was  orator  and  re- 
viewed the  historic  phase  of  DeKalb's  career.  * 

The  State  Museum,  daily  growing  in  inqwrtance,  owes  its  concep- 
tion to  a  resident  of  Annapolis,  Mr.  Frank  B.  Mayer,  who  on  Feb- 
ruary 19, 1885,  in  the  Anne  Arundel  Advertiser,  suggested  its  estab- 
lishment. Col.  J.  Thomas  Scharf,  Commissioner  of  Maryland  at 
New  C»rleans,  and  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office  of  Maryland, 
acted  upon  the  suggestion,  and  when  lie  returned  from  New  Orleans, 
he  placed  the  Maryland  exhibits,  that  belonged  to  the  State,  in  one 
')f  the  rooms  of  the  Land  Office.  T»  this  nucleus  an  interested  and 
patriotic  people  are  constantly  adding  woods,  minerals,  and  curiosi- 
♦;ies. 

Thk  Newspapers  of  Annapolis. 

The  Maryland  Repuhlkan  is  now  the  oldest.  It  vvas  established  in 
1809.  Jehu  Chandler  was  its  first  editor,  followed  bv  .Jeremiah 
Hughes.  He  was  succeeded  in  1842  by  Elihu  S.  Eiley  and  Samuel 
Davis.  Mr.  Davis  about  1856  sold  his  share  to  Absalom*  Ridgely,  who 
died  in  1858,  and  whose  part  was  purchased  by  Elihu  S.  Riley.  In 
1867,  the  Bejmblican  was  purchased  by  George'  Colton  and  Elihu  S. 
Riley.  Jr.  In  1867,  the  share  of  the  junior  partner  was  purchased 
by  Mr.  Colton,  who  yielded  the  publicatication  about  1878,  to  his  son, 
Luther  P.  Colton.  After  the  latter's  death,  in  1885,  the  Rejmhiiran 
was  sold  to  William  S.  Ridgely  and  George  T.  Melvin.  In  1886.  the 
new  proprietors  started  a  daily  afternoon  edition. 

The  Evening  Capital,  published  by  William  M.  Al)bott,  commenced 
in  1883  as  a  daily  afternoon  paper. 


I 


History  OF  Annapolis.  325. 

The  Maryland  Gazette,  established  as  the  Annapolis  Gazette,  some 
years  after  the  death  of  the  original  Gazette,  is  a  weekly  paper,  pub- 
lished by  J.  Guest  King. 

The  Anne  Arundel  Advertiser  is  a  weekly,  now  iu  its  18th  volutne. 
and  is  published  by  the  estate  of  William  T.  Iglehart. 

The  Record,  a  weekly,  is  printed  by  Elihu  S.  Riley.  It  was  estab- 
lished in  1875. 

In  December,  1883,  the  question  of  prohibition  of  the  sale  of  liquor 
was  submitted  to  the  voters  of  Anne  Arundel  county.  Annapolis 
gave  550  of  the  GSO  majority  in  favor  of  prohibition.  At  first  some 
of  the  liquor  dealers  pioceeded  in  a  surreptitious  manner  to  violate 
the  law.  The  Court  was  severe  iu  its  sentences  upon  couvicted 
violators  of  the  law.  The  city,  for  eighteen  mont!;s,  became  noted 
for  its  peace,  good  order,  and  sobriety.  Then  came  the  invention  of 
the  system  of  incorporated  clubs,  by  which,  each  member  pleading  hi^^ 
right  to  protection  from  criminating  himself,  the  State  was  deprived 
of  witnesses  of  the  violations  of  law.  The  clubs  increased  and,  ac- 
cording to  the  testimony  of  those  who  spoke,  as  of  knowledge,  there 
was  great  debauchery  in  private.  In  public  there  were  good  order  and 
peace  ;  on  the  criminal  docket  of  the  city  there  were  few  cases.  In 
the  three  years  of  prohibition  not  one  murder  from  drink  had  been 
committed  in  the  county.  But  the  liquor  men  were  on  the  alert  and 
persuaded  the  jteople  that  the  second  evil  of  clubs  was  greater  than 
the  first,  and  promised  an  era  of  temperance  and  good  order  if  the 
liquor  saloons  were  allowed  to  be  opened  again.  With  their  argu- 
ments of  speech  and  silver,  in  April,  1880,  Annapolis  was  induced  to 
reverse,  by  over  five  hundred  majority,  the  verdict  of  1883.  The 
business  of  the  city  has  not  improved  as  was  prophesied  would  be 
done  under  a  return  to  licens.:>. 

In  1884,  the  Local  Improvement  Association  of  Annapolis  was 
formed,  P.  B.  Mayer,  President  ;  L.  G.  Gassaway,  M.  Oliver,  and  C. 
E.  Munroe,  Vice-Presidents  :  J.  Wirt  Randall,  Secretary  ;  and  .Juiiau 
Brewer,  Treasurer.  In  the  face  of  many  discouragements,  but  with  final 
success,  the  society  aroused  an  interest  in  public  improvement  and 
directly,  or  indirectly,  advanced  and  effected,  such  works  as  the  "City 
Circle,"  the  planting  of  avenues  of  trees  at  St.  John's  College  and 
marking  the  graves  of  the  French  Revolutionary  dead,  and  the  placing 
of  shade  trees  in  our  streets,  the  formation  of  a  continuous  drive  around 
our  city  by  obtaining  the  building  of  the  Back  creek  bridge,  and  project- 
ing the  shore  road  to  Bay  Ridge.  It  has  endeavored  to  obtain  from  Con- 
gress the  making  of  an  avenue  to  connect  the  Government  Xaval 
Cemetery  with  the  Soldiers'  Cemetery  and  the  City,  the  establishment 
of  a  signal  station,  and  a  public  building  for  Federal  uses  ;  the  adop- 
tion of  a  plan  for  fiiture  streets  and  avenues,  and  has  suggested 
numerous  other  projects  incidental  to  the  objects  of  the  association. 

Annapolis  has  been  loath  to  give  up  its  ancient  ways.  Up  to  1854, 
it  had  but  two  watchmen  to  patrol  its  streets  at  night,  one  of  whom 
remains  to  tell,  that  like  the  beadles  of  old,  he  used  to  cry  the  hours 
of  the  night.  There  are  liundreds  who  recollect  the  ringing  of  the 
curfew  bell  of  St.  Anne's  at  nine  o'clock  when  well-regulated  youths 
hastily  left  their  plays  and  scampered  off  to  the  parental  roof. 

The  town  is  not  dead.  It  has  only  slept.  Thirty  years  ago  there 
"  as  but  one  house  on  the  north  side  of  Prince  George  street  from  Col-  - 


336  ''The  Ancient  Citt." 

lege  avenue  to  East  street,  and  from  Prince  George  street  to  Hanover, 
on  Maryland  avenue,  there  were  but  three  houses.  The  intervening  lots 
afforded  fine  and  convenient  hunting  grounds. 

The  earthquake  of  the  31st  of  August,  1886,  so  disastrous  to  Char- 
leston, S.  C.  was  experienced  in  Annapolis  and  vicinity.  The  feel- 
ings excited  were  those  of  surprise  rather  than  of  alarm.  Chairs  rock- 
ed and  houses  trembled,  but  no  damage  was  done. 

In  closing  the  annals  of  the  Ancient  City,  the  review  of  the  labors 
incident  to  the  work  is  a  pleasant  retrospection.  Removing  the 
mouldy  dust  from  crumbling  records,  touching  the  inner  webs  of  outer 
■woofs,  lifting  up  that  which  had  fallen  from  its  place  in  the  chronicles 
of  a  city,  have  brought  the  writer  so  close  to  the  men  who  made  the 
history  of  a  capital,  guided  the  destinies  of  a  State,  and  helped  to 
build  a  nation,  that  he  has  seen  them  act  again  the  drama  of  their 
day,  heard  the  intonations  of  their  voice,  well-nigh  fathomed  the  secret 
springs  of  their  thought  and  action. 

In  breathhig  upon  these  dry  bones  of  fact,  the  writer  has  found  his 
chief  recompense  in  seeing  that  "the  breath  came  into  them,  and  they 
lived,  and  stood  npon  their  feet,  an  exceeding  great  army." 


lIiSTORTOF    ANNAPOLIS.  387 


APPENDIX 


-:o:- 


ABRIDGEMEXT  OF  FATHER  ANDREW  WHITE'S  JOURNAL.* 

(:o:) 

''A  Report  of  the  Colony  of  Lord  Baron  of  Baltimore,  in  Ilaryland, 

npar  Vir^mia,  in  wM^h  th".  qutli,f.i/,  nihire.    ani  coniifi'on   of  the 

r-onnfry  and  its  many  aivcmtajes  and  riches  are  described. 

"There  is  a  prov^iace  near  tha  Ea3;Ush  colony  ia  Virginia,  which,  in 
honour  of  Maria  his  queen,  his  raaiesty  ths  king  of  Eagland  wished  to 
be  called  Maryland,  or  the  land  of  Miry. 

"This  province  his  majesty,  in  his  munificence,  presented  to  the 
lord  Baron  of  BiUimore,  in  the  mmth  of  June,  1533.  This  distin- 
guished nobleman  immediately  resolved  to  settle  a  colony,  with  the 
particular  intention  of  establishhig  the  religion  of  the  gospel  and 
truth  in  that  and  in  the  neighbouring  country,  where,  as  yet,  the 
knowledge  of  the  true  God  had  never  existed.  He  was  encouraged 
in  his  enterprize  by  the  favourible  aecoant  of  the  co mtry  left  by  his 
worthy  father,  whose  testiino'iy,  founded  upon  aetaal  observation, 
was  worthy  of  the  utmost  coifllence,  and  was  corroborated  by  the 
-reports  of  others  who  had  visited  the  same  region,  as  well  as  by  the 
pxiblished  narrative  of  captain  Smith,  who  first  described  it."  After 
alluding  to  the  liberal  conditions  of  settlement  proposed  by  Lord 
Baltimore,  Father  Wiiite  continues  : 

"The  interests  of  religion  constituted  one  of  the  first  objects  of 
liord  Biltimore,  an  objeet  worthy  indeed  of  Christians,  of  angels,  of 
Englishmen  ;  thin  which,  in  all  her  ancient  victories,  Britian  never 
achieved  any  thing  more  honourable. 

"Behold  those  regions  waiting  for  the  harvest.  They  are  prepared 
to  receive  the  fruitful  seed  of  the  gaspel.  Messengers  have  been  sent 
to  procure  suitable  persons  to  preach  the  life-giving  do3trine,  and 
regenerate  the  natives  in  the  sacred  waters  of  biptism.  They  are 
those  now  living  in  this  city,  (St.  Mary's)  who  saw  ambassadors  from 
-the  Indian  nations  to  .Tamestown  in  Virginia,  sent  there  for  the  pur- 
pose of  effecting  these  obJ33ts.  Mxy  we  not  suppose  that  miny 
thousand:?  were  brought  into  the  fold  of  Christ  in  sd  glorious  a  work.' 

After  a  glowing  anl  minute  desoription  of  th^  country,  with  its 
H;rees,  fruits,  and  other  proluctions,  its  rivers  and  hhe  various  kinds 
of  fish,  he  proceeds  to  give  the 

"narrative  op  the  voyage  to  MARYLAND. 

"On  the  22d  of  November,  being  St.  Caecilia's  day,  under  the  gentle 
•Influence  of  an  eastern  wind,  we  dropped  down  from  the  Isle  of 
•Wight. 

"Having  placed  our  ship  under  the  protection  of  Q-od,  the  Blessed 
"Virgin  Mother,  St.  Ignatius,  and  all  the  guardian  angels  of  Mary 
■•  Ridgsly's  Aiin.xls  of  Annapolis,  p.  IS  to  32. 


328  ''The  Ancient  Citt.  '' 

land,  we  liad  progressed  but  a  short  distance,  when  we  were  obliged 
for  the  want  of  wind,  to  cast  anchor  off  the  fortress  of  Yarmouth, 
where  we  were  welcomed  ly  a  salute.  'While  lyhsg  here  we  were  not 
without  some  apprehensions  from  our  sailors,  who  began  to  murmur 
among  themselves,  alleging  that  they  expected  a  messenger  from 
land  with  letters  :  and  because  none  arrived,  they  seem  disposed  to- 
create  delays.  A  kind  providence  put  an  end  to  our  fears  ;  for  dur- 
ing the  night  a  strong  but  favourable  wind  sprang  up,  and  our  pin* 
nace,  *  which  apprel.endcd  an  attack  from  a  French  brig,  that  kept 
within  a  short  distance  of  her,  took  advant-^ge  of  the  wind  and  put  to- 
sea.  We,  not  willing  to  lose  sight  of  her.  followed  her  with  all 
speed,  and  thus  frustrated  the  evil  designs  of  our  sailors;  this  wason  the 
night  of  St.  Clement's  dr.y,  23d  oL'  November.  (Jii  the  next  morning, 
about  10  o'clock,  after  receiving  a  sfcoi:d  sali;te  from  the  tort  at 
Eursr,  we  were  carried  beyond  the  breakers  at  the  extremity  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  narrowly  escaped  being  driven  on  shore.  Taking 
advantage  of  a  strong  fair  wind  on  that  day  and  the  next  night,  we 
left  the  western  point  of  England,  slack'ng  sail,  lest  runnhig  ahead 
of  the  pinnace,  she  might  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  pirates  and  Turks- 
who  then  inf Cited  these  seas.  On  the  24:h  of  November,  we  made 
great  headway  until  evening,  when  a  violent  storm  arose,  and  our 
sloop  being  diffident  of  its  strength,  being  only  of  40  tons  burden, 
hove  to,  and  informed  us  tliat  in  ca^-e  of  danger,  she  would  carry 
lights  at  her  mast-head.  We  were  in  a  well  built  ship  t  of  400  tons, 
as  strong  as  iron  and  wood  could  make  her,  and  our  captain  was  one 
of  great  experience.  The  storm  was  so  violent  that  we  gave  him  the- 
choice  of  returning  to  England  or  pursuing  the  voyage.  His  in- 
trepidity and  confidence  in  the  untried  powers  of  his  ship,  induced 
him  to  choose  the  latter.  But  in  the  middle  of  the  night,  in  a  boiling 
sea,  we  saw  our  sloop  at  a  short  distance  from  us.  showinij  two  liirhtg 
at  her  mast-head.  Then,  indeed,  did  we  fear  for  her,  and  on  loosing 
sight  of  her  we  all  supposed  she  had  been  swallowed  up  in  the  stormy 
sea.  Six  weeks  elapsed  before  we  again  lieard  from  her.  But  God 
had  preserved  her.  Fearing  that  she  could  not  survive  the  storm, 
she  changed  her  course,  and  took  refuge  in  the  Scilly  Isles.  She 
aftewards  sailed  in  pursuit  of  us,  and  we'met  at  the  Antilles.  On  the 
27th  and  28th,  we  made  but  little  progress.  On  Friday  29th,  a  most 
dreadful  storm  arose,  that  made  the  most  fearless  men  tremble  for 
the  result.  Among  the  Catholics,  however,  it  made  prayer  more 
fi-equent,  vows  were  offered  in  honour  of  the  B.  V.  ^Mother,  and  her 
immaculate  conception,  of  St.  Ignatius,  the  patron  Saint  of  :Mary- 
land,  St.  Michael  and  all  the  guardian  angels.  Each  one  prayed 
earnestly  to  expiate  his  sins  through  the  sacrament  of  penance.  For,- 
having  unshipped  her  rudder,  our  vessel  was  tossed  about  at  the 
mercy  of  the  winds  and  waves.  At  first,  I  feared  that  the  loss  of  our 
ship  and  death  awaited  me,  but,  after  spending  some  time  in  prayer 
and  having  declared  to  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  to  his  Holy  Mother,  St. 
Ignatius,  and  the  protecting  Angels  of  Maryland,  that  the  purpose 
of  this  voyage  was  to  pay  honour  to  the  blood  of  our  Redeemer,  by 
the  conversion  of  barbarians,  I  arose  with  a  firm  confidence  that 
through  the  mercy  and  goodness  of  God,  we  should  escape  the  dan- 

..o.t'^il'' ''"V,"'"^^  arrears  to  have  been  a  sloop    vf  torty   ton-,  aul   was  calle* 
"The  Dove." 
t  'The  Ark.' 


History  OF   Annapolis.  32^ 

gers  that  seemed  to  threaten  our  destruction.  I  had  bowed  myself 
down  in  pr;  yer,  during  the  greatest  rat'e  of  the  tempest,  and.  let  the 
true  God  be  glorified  !  Scarcely  ht\d  1  finished,  before  the  storm  was 
ceasing. 

"I  I'elt  myself  imbued  with  a  new  spirit,  and  overspread  with  a 
flood  of  joy  and  admiration  at  tl.e  Lei'evolence  of  God  to  the  people 
of  Maryland,  to  whom  we  were  sent.  Blc  sred  forever  be  the  merci- 
ful chaiitifs  of  our  dear  Redeemer.  The  n  n.ainder  of  the  voyage, 
which  lasted  thiee  months,  wf.s  proj^perous;  our  captain  affirmed  that 
he  never  wilnes'^ed  a  more  pleasant  and  happy  one.  The  period  of 
three  months  hicluded  tl:e  time  wc  spei.t  tt  the  islands  of  the  Antilles, 
but  we  were  in  fact  only  seven  weeks  ar.d  two  days  at  sea. 

"In  sailing  aloi;g  the  Spr.nisli  cof.st  we  weie  apprehensive  of  falling 
into  the  hands  of  the  Turks,  but  we  never  met  them.  Having  passed 
the  pillars  of  Hercules  and  the  Mr.dcira  islai.ds,  we  were  able  to  scud 
before  the  Avind  with  full  sail.  The  winds  are  not  varial'le  in  those 
regions,  but  alwi- ys  blow  in  a  southwest  direction,  which  was  our 
exact  course.  At  the  distance  of  about  three  leagues  from  us  we 
described  tJiree  sail  of  vessels,  the  smallest  of  which  appeared  to  be 
larger  than  ours.  Fearing  they  were  Turkish  pirates  we  were  careful 
to  avoid  them,  though  we  prepared  our  vessel  for  action.  But  as- 
they  showed  no  di^position  to  engage  us,  we  concluded  they  were 
merchantmen,  boui.ci  for  the  fortunate  islands,  and  as  much  afraid  of 
us  as  we  w^ere  of  them." 

Father  White,  after  som-e  philosophical  reasoning  to  acooi;nt  for 
the  trade  wiicds,  some  interesting  descriptions  of  the  tropical  birds^ 
and  the  flying  fish,  &c.,  &c.,  seen  on  their  passage,  remarks  that, 
"during  the  entire  voyage  no  person  was  attacked  with  any  disease 
except  ihat  at  Christmas,  wine  having  been  freely  distributed  in 
honour  of  that  festival,  several  drank  ol  it  immoderately  ;  thirty  per- 
sons were  seized  with  a  fever  the  next  morning,  of  wliom  about 
twelve  died  shortly  after  ;  of  these  two  were  Catholics,  namely, 
Nicholas  Fairfax  and  James  Barefoot." 

The  route  taken  1  y  the  pilgrims  is  described  to  have  been  by  the 
Azores,  and  to  Barladoes,  at  which  latter  island  they  landed  on  the 
5th  of  January,  lGo4,  new  style.  Instead  of  the  hospitable  reception 
which  they  expected  from  the  governor  and  inhabitans,  who  were 
English,  Father  White  says,  "the  governor  and  inhabitants  plotted 
together  to  exact  unreasonable  prices  for  provisions  and  other  neces- 
sary suppHes."  Fi(  m  the  great  abundance  of  potatoes  in  the  island 
they  received  a  wagon  load  gratis.  At  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  our 
pilgrims  the  slaves  Lad  rebelled,  and  determined  to  seize  the  first 
vessel  that  should  arrive,  but  being  discovered,  the  ringleaders  were 
executed;  and,  says  the  narrator,  "our  vessel  being  the  first  that 
touched  the  shore,  was  the  destined  prize,  and  the  very  day  we  landed 
we  found  eighty  men  under  arms,  to  check  the  startling  danger." 

After  describing  the  island  of  Barbadoes  and  its  productions,  the 
writer  says,  "on  the  24th  of  .January  we  weighed  anchor,  and  passing 
the  islands  of  St.  Lucia  at  noon  on  the  following  day,  we  arrived  in 
the  evening  at  an  island  inhabited  by  savages  only.  A  rumour  had 
been  caught  by  our  sailors,  from  some  Frenchmen  who  had  been 
shipwrecked,  that  this  island  contained  an  animal  in  whose  forehead 
•was  a  stone   of  uncommon  brilliancy,  called  a  carbuncle."     Father 


3S0  "The  Ancient  City.'' 

White  dryly  remarks,  "its  author  must  answer  for  the  truth  of  this 
•report."  At  dawn  on  the  folio winsc  day  they  reached  Gnadaloupe, 
and  at  noon  arrived  at  Montserrat,  inhabited  by  Trishmen  driven 
from  Virginia,  on  accouat  of  their  profession  ol  the  Catholic  faith. 

Thence  they  sailed  to  another  island,  where  thay  spent  one  day  ; 
thence  to  St."  Christophers,  where  they  remained  ten  days,  by  the 
friendly  invitation  of  the  Eiiglish  government  and  two  captains,  "who 
were  Catholics."  The  governor  ol'  a  French  colony  in  the  same 
island  also  welcomed  them  warmly.  Father  White  continues : 
"having  at  length  weighed  anchor  hence,  we  pursued  onr  voyage  until 
•we  reached  a  poiat  on  the  coast  of  Virginia,  called  'Comfort,'  on  the 
27th  of  February.  We  were  under  a  good  d<^al  of  dread  from  the 
unfriendliness  of  theE:iglish  inhabitants  of  Virginia,  to  whom  our 
colony  had  been  an  unwelcome  theme.  We  brought,  however,  letters 
from  the  king  and  the  high  coistihle  of  Eieland  to  the  governor  of 
the  province,  which  contribaf/>d  very  m.ich  to  appease  their  feelings, 
and  to  procure  us  future  advantages.  After  receiving  kind  treat- 
ment for  nine  or  ten  days  we  set  s.iil,  and  on  the  3d  of  March, 
having  arrived  in  the  Caesaoeike  bay,  we  tacked  to  the  north  to 
reach  the  Potomic  river,  to  which  we  gave  the  name  of  St.  Gregory. 
We  called  the  noint  which  stands  o.i  the  south  St.  Gregory,  *  that  on 
the  north  of  St.  Mi3ha?l.  t  in  honour  of  the  choir  of  angels.  A 
larger  and  more  beautiful  stream  T  never  hxve  seen.  The  Thames 
compared  with  it  is  but  a  rivulet.  Bounding  on  the  sides  by  no 
marshes,  it  runs  between  solid  and  rising  b  inks.  On  either  side  are 
splendid  forests,  not  overgrown  by  weeds  or  briars  ;  you  might  drive 
afour-hor^e  carriage,  with  the  reins  loose  in  yoir  hinds,  through 
them.  We  found  the  natives  arnisd  at  the  very  mouth  of  the  river. 
That  night  fi"es  were  blazing  throughout  the  country,  and  as  they 
Lad  never  sseu  so  large  a  ship  as  ours,  messengers  were  sent  around 
to  announce  th3  arrival  of  a  canos  as  large  as  an  island,  .and  number- 
ing as  many  men  as  the  trees  in  a  forest.  We  passed  on  to  the 
Heron  Island?,  so  called  from  immense  finks  of  those  birds.  We 
touched  at  the  first  of  them,  wai'jh  we  called  St.  Clements,  on  which 
owing  to  its  sloping  bxnk?,  we  could  only  Ian  1  by  for  ling.  Here  the 
maids  who  had  landed  to  wash  the  clothes,  wr^re  almost  drowned  by 
the  upsetting  of  the  boat.  I  lost  a  lar'jre  portion  of  my  linen — no 
small  loss  in  this  part  of  the  world.  This  island  abounds  in  cedar 
trees,  sassafras,  and  all  those  herbs  and  flowers  entering  into  the  class 
of  salads,  and  the  walnut  tree  with  a  heavy  shell,  and  a  small  but 
very  delicious  kernel.  A  scone  of  four  hundred  acres  did  not  appear 
suflficient  for  our  new  plantation.  We  desired  a  place  which  might 
preclude  the  commerce  of  the  river  to  strangers,  and  also  the  possi- 
bility of  their  infringing  on  our  boundaries.  This  was  the  most  nar- 
row crossing  of  the  river. 

"On  the  day  of  the  annunciation  of  the  B.  V.  Mary,  (Soth  of 
March,)  we  first  oUered  the  sacrifice  of  the  mass,  never  before  in  this 
region  of  the  world.  After  which,  having  raised  on  our  shoulders  an 
immense  cross,  which  we  had  fashioned  from  a  tree,  and  going  in  pro- 
cession to  the  designated  spot,  assisted  by  the  governor.  *  commis- 
sary, and  other  Catholics,  we  erected  the  trophy  of  Christ  the  Saviour, 
and  humbly  bent  the  knee  in  reverence  during  the  devout  recitation 
*  Smith's  Point.  t  P  liat  Lookout. 

*  lisonard  Calvert. 


HistoryofAnnapolis.  331 

of  the  litany  of  the  holy  cross.  Our  governor,  however,  having 
understood  that  the  great  chief  of  Piscataway  was  obeyed  by  many 
petty  chiefs,  determined  to  visit  him,  to  explain  the  objects  of  our 
coming  ;  that  having  conciliated  his  good  will,  our  settlement  might 
be  more  favourably  regarded  by  the  rest.  Having,  therefore,  joined 
to  our  pinnace  another,  which  he  had  procured  in  Virginia,  and  leav- 
ing the  ship  at  anchor  oil  St.  Clements,  retracing  his  course,  he  sailed 
lip  the  southern  bank  of  the  river.  Finding  the  savages  had  fled 
into  the  interior,  he  proceeded  to  t!ie  village,  which,  taking  its  name 
from  the  river,  is  yet  called  Potomac.  Here  he  found  Archihu,  the 
uncle  and  tutor  of  the  king,  who  was  yet  a  boy.  The  regency  was  in 
prudent  and  experienced  hands.  Father  Althara,  who  accompanied 
the  governor,  (for  I  was  detained  with  the  baggage,)  explained,  by 
means  of  an  interpreter,  the  truths  of  the  Christian  religion.  The 
chief  listened  to  him  willingly,  after  acknowledging  his  o'wn  faults. 
TBeing  informed  that  no  hostile  motives  had  broiight  us  among  them, 
V)ut  that  feelings  of  benevolence  prompt  us  to  iraplirt  to  tfeem  the  ad- 
vantages of  civilization,  and  to  open  the  path  of  Heaven  to  them, 
and  to  the  more  distant  regions,  he  expressed  himself  not  only  well 
satisfied,  but  very  grateful  at  our  arrival.  The  interpreter  was  from 
the  Protestants  of  Virginia.  As  the  Father  could  not  explain  every 
thing  at  once,  he  promised  to  return  in  a  short  time.  'I  think,'  said 
Archihu,  'that  we  sliould  all  eat  of  the  sime  table  :  my  young  men 
will  visit  the  hunting  grounds  for  you,  and  all  things  "shall  be  in 
common  with  us.'  From  hence  we  went  to  Piscataway,  wliere  all 
immediately  flew  to  arms.  About  one  hundred,  armed  with  bows, 
were  drawn  up  with  their  eliief  at  their  head.  O.i  learning  our 
pacific  intentions,  laying  aside  his  fears,  the  chief  s':eppsd  into  the 
pinnace,  and  on  understanding  our  benevolent  views  in  their  regard, 
gave  us  liberty  to  settle  in  any  part  of  his  kiiigdom  we  might  select. 
In  the  meantime,  while  tha  governor  was  on  his  journey  to  the 
emperor,  the  savages  of  St.  Clements  becomining  more  bold,  mixed 
familiarly  with  our  sentries.  We  were  accustomed  to  keep  up  a 
patrol  day  and  night,  to  protect  our  wood-cutters,  and  our  vessel, 
which  was  now  undergoing  repairs,  from  any  s^idden  attack.  The 
natives  expressed  tlieir  surprise  at  the  size  of  our  vessel,  and  wondered 
what  part  of  the  earth  produced  a  tree  large  enough  to  make  such  a 
boat ;  for  they  thought  that  it,  like  an  Indian  canoe,  was  hewn  out 
of  the  trunk  of  a  single  tree.  The  report  of  our  cannon  struck  them 
dumb  with  fear. 

"In  his  visit  to  the  emperor,  our  governor  carried  with  him  as  a 
companion,  one  Henry  Fleet,  a  captain  among  the  settlers  in  Vir- 
ginia, a  man  much  beloved  by  the  natives,  and  skilled  in  the  know- 
ledge of  their  language  and  settlements.  In  the  begianing  he  was 
very  obliging  to  us,  but  being  seduced  by  the  malicious  counsels  of  a 
certain  Clalbone,  he  became  very  hostile,  ."^-nd,  in  the  most  artful  man- 
ner, inflamed  the  minds  of  the  natives  against  us.  However,  while  he 
was  our  friend,  he  pointed  out  to  our  governor  a  suitable  place  for  a 
settlement,  than  which  a  more  heaveuly  and  lovely  spot  Europe 
could  not  furnish.  Having  proceeded  from  St.  Clements  about  nine 
leagues  to  the  north,  we  glided  into  the  mouth  of  a  river,  to  which 
we  gave  the  name  of  St.  George.*  This  river  flows  from  south  to 
♦  Now  called  St.  Mary's  river. 


333  ''The  Ancient  City." 

north  about  tAvei.ty  miles  before  it  loses,  like  the  Thames,  the  salt 
watei-  taste.  In  its  mouth  are  two  harbours,  in  which  three  hundred 
ships  oi  the  line  could  ride  at  anchor.  We  placed  one  of  them  under  the 
protection  of  St.  George,  the  other,  more  interior,  under  that  of  the 
B.  V.  Mary.'t 

X  "On  the  left  side  of  the  river  was  ine  settlement  of  Yaocomico. 
We  ascended  on  the  right  side,  and  having  halted  about  a  thousand 
paces  from  the  shore,  we  selected  a  site  tor  the  city,  to  be  designated 
by  the  name  of  St.  Maiy.  And  to  avoid  all  imputation  of  injuiyand 
occasion  of  enmity,  having  given  in  payment  hatchets,  axes,  hoes,  and 
some  yards  of  cloth,  we  bouglit  from  the  king  about  thirty  miles  of 
that  part  of  the  country  now  calhd  Augusta  Caroline.  ® 

"A  fierce  and  warlike  nation  of  savr.ges  called  the  Susquehannahs, 
particularly  hostile  to  king  Yaocomico,  made  frequent  incursions  into 
his  territoiy  ai:d  devastated  his  settlements.  The  inliabitants, 
through  fear  of  these  savages,  were  forced  to  seek  other  homes. 
This  was  the  cause  of  our  having  so  promptly  olitained  possession  of 
that  part  of  his  kingdom  :  God,  in  his  goodness,  opening  a  jialh  for 
his  law  and  eternal  light  by  these  means.  The  natives  emigrate  here 
and  theie  daily,  leaving  beiiind  them  the  fields  and  clearings  that  sur- 
rounded their  homes.  It  amounts  almost  to  a  miracle  that  savages, 
who  but  a  few  days  before  arrayed  themselves  in  arms  against  us, 
should  now  with  the  meekness  of  the  lamb  throw  themselves  on  our 
mercy,  and  deliver  up  every  thing  to  us.  Here  the  finger  of  God  is 
evident,  and  doubtless  Providence  has  some  good  in  store  for  this 
nation.  A  few  have  been  permitted  to  retain  their  dwellings  for  one 
year,  but  the  lands  are  to  be  delivered  free  into  our  hands  the  next 
year. 

"The  natives  are  tall  and  handsome  in  their  persons,  their  skin  is 
naturally  of  a  copper  colour,  but  they  daub  it  over  with  red  paint 
mixed  with  oil,  to  protect  them  from  the  flies,  j  This  practice,  which 
is  decidedly  more  of  a  convenience  than  an  ornament,  gives  them  a 
hideous  appearance.  They  daub  their  faces  with  other  colours,  at 
one  time  sky  blue,  at  another  red,  and  occasionally  in  the  most  dis- 
gusting and  terrific  manner.  Being  aeficient  in  beard,  at  least  until 
late  in  lite,  they  draw  painted  lines  from  the  corners  of  their  mouths 
to  the  ears,  in  imitation  of  it.  The  hair,  which  is  generally  black,  is 
tied  around  with  a  fillet,  and  drawn  in  a  knot  to  the  left  ear,  with 
the  addition  of  any  ornament  in  their  possession  whicli  they  consider 
valuable.  Some  wear  as  an  ornament  a  copper  plate  with  the  figure 
of  fish  engraved  upon  it,  placed  upon  the  forehead.  Others  wear 
neeklaces  of  glass  beads  ;  beads  are  esteemed  of  less  value  by  them, 
and  do  not  answer  the  purposes  of  traffic  so  readily.  They  ai'i' 
dressed  generally  in  deer  skins,  or  something  of  that  nature,  which 
hangs  from  the  back  in  the  fathion  of  a  pallium,  and  is  bound  roun'^ 
the  navel  like  an  apron,  the  rest  of  the  body  is  naked.  Boys  and 
girls  move  about  perfectly  uncovered  ;  they  tread  on  thorns  a"*' 
thistles,  without  sustaining  injury,  as  if  the  soles  of  their  feet  wei'e 
horn.     Their  arms  are  the  bow  and  arrow,   two  cul)its  long,  pointe^l 

t  This  hiirtor  must  be  eiltier  tlio  ircnih  o!  \\hat  islcalleii  St  Geoi-pp'o 
river,  c r  tnc  entrance  to  St.  ri.ij.ce'scieek.  vre"i»,e- 

*  ^o\v  St,  Woiy's  counry. 

t  Mo&ehettoes. 


History  of  Annapolis.  833 

with  a  piece  of  bucklioni,  or  sharp  edged  flint.  They  shoot  these 
with  such  dexterity,  as  to  transfix  a  sparrow  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance. Their  bows  are  not  very  tightly  strung,  and  they  are  unable 
to  strike  objects  at  a  very  great  distance.  By  the  use  of  these  arras, 
however,  they  secure  a  sufficient  quantity  of  food,  as  squirrels,  par- 
tridges, turkeys,  &c.,  of  which  there  is  a  great  abundance.  They 
live  in  huts  of  an  oblong  and  oval  form,  nine  or  ten  feet  high  ;  an 
opening  of  a  foot  and  a  half  in  size,  through  the  roo!,  admits  light 
and  allows  the  smoke  to  escape.  They  construct  a  fire  on  a  pave- 
ment in  the  centre,  and  sleep  in  a  circle  around  it.  The  ki.igs  and 
jiriucipal  chiefs  have  each  a  hut  of  his  own,  and  a  bed  made  by  driv- 
ing four  slakes  in  the  ground  and  laying  poles  over  thera.  A  tent  of 
this  descrijition  is  allotted  to  my  companion  and  myself,  in  whish  we 
are  comiortably  enough  accommodateil  until  a  better  house  can  be 
erected.  Tills  may  he  co'imdered  the.  first  cliapel  in  3Iarylan(l;  it  is, 
however,  furnished  in  a  more  becoming  manner  than  when  it  was  in- 
habited by  the  Indians.  In  our  next  voyage,  should  Providence 
smile  on  our  undertaking,  we  shall  be  sunplied  with  all  that  is  neces- 
sary for  fni'ui- lung  houses  generally.  The  disposition  of  the  tribe  is 
spriglitly  and  ingenious  ;  their  taste  is  very  discrimhiating,  and  they 
excel  the  Europeans  in  the  senses  of  sight  and  smell.  Their  food 
consists  of  ceitain  preparations  of  corn,  which  they  call  pone  and 
oviiiir/,  to  which  is  added  fish  and  any  thing  that  they  liave  caught 
in  hunting  or  in  their  snares.  They  liave  nei^^her  wine  nor  spirits, 
nor  can  they  lie  easily  induced  to  taste  them,  except  such  as  the  Eng- 
lish have  infected  with  their  vices.  As  to  their  deportment,  it  is  ex- 
tremely modest  and  proper.  In  neither  male  nor  female  have  I  seen 
iiny  action  contrary  to  cluistity.  They  come  voluntarily  and  mingle 
with  us  daily,  offering  us,  with  a  joyful  countenance,  what  they  have 
caught  in  hunting  or  fishing,  and  partaking  of  our  food  with  us,  when 
invited  by  a  few  words  in  their  language.  As  yet  we  are  able  to  con- 
A'erse  with  them  very  little  except  l\v  signs.  Many  of  them  have 
wives,  ar.d  preserve  their  conjugal  faith  unsullied.  The  countenances 
of  the  woineii  are  sedate  and  modest.  The  natives  seemed  possessed 
of  genc-ous  dispositions,  and  reciprocate  liberally  any  acts  of  kind- 
ness. T];ey  decide  on  nothing  rashly,  nor  are  they  afllected  by  any 
sudden  impulses  of  feeling  ;  but  when  any  thing  of  importance  is  sub- 
mitted to  their  consideration,  they  reflect  on  it  in  silence,  as  if 
anxious  to  be  governed  entirely  by  reason  ;  then  having  formed  their 
determination,  they  express  it  briefly,  and  adhere  to  it  most  obsti- 
nately. If  tliey  were  once  imbued  with  the  principles  of  Christianity 
(for  which  indeed  nothing  seems  to  be  wanting  but  a  knowledge  of 
their  language)  they  would  certainly  become  examples  of  every  moral 
iind  Christian  virtue. 

'"They  are  much  pleased  with  the  courteous  language,  as  well  as 
the  dress  of  the  Europeans,  and  would  now  be  clothed  in  our  manner, 
if  the  avarice  of  our  traders  did  not  prevent  it.  Our  ignorance  of 
their  idioms  has  hitherto  prevented  us  from  learning  accurately  their 
opinions  on  religion.  We  have,  however,  through  the  aid  of  inter- 
preters, (not  always  to  be  relied  on,)  caught  these  particulars: 
They  acknowledge  one  God  of  heaven,  whom  they  call  our  God.  They 
pay  him  no  external  honours,  but  endeavour  in  various  ways,  to  pro- 
pit^itwte  a  certain  evil  spirit  whom  they  call  Ochre,  tliat  he  may  n^t 


334  "TheAncient  City." 

injure  them.  I  understand  they  worship  also  grain  and  fire,  as  deities 
very  benevolent  to  mankind.  Some  of  our  men  say  they  saw  the  follow- 
ing ceremony  in  the  temple  Barcluxen.  On  a  certain  day,  all  the 
men  and  women  of  all  ages,  from  many  villages,  assemble  around  a 
large  fire  ;  the  younger  ones  are  in  advance,  nearer  the  fire ;  then 
having  thrown  some  deer's  fat  on  the  fire,  they  raise  their  hands 
aloft  and  cry  out  with  a  loud  voice,  'Taho,  Taho  !'  During  an 
interval,  some  one  holds  out  a  large  bag,  which  contains  a  pipe, 
similar  to  those  we  use  for  smoking  tobacco,  though  much  larger,  and 
some  powder  which  they  call  potu.  The  bag  is  then  carried  around 
the  fire,  followed  by  boys  and  girls  singing  alternately  in  an  agree- 
able voice,  'Taho,  Talho.'  The  circuit  being  finished,  the  pipe  and 
the  powder  are  drawn  out  of  the  bag.  The  potu  being  distributed  to 
each  cue  standing  around,  and  lighted  in  the  pipe,  each  person 
present  smokes  it,  and  consecrates  every  member  of  the  body  by- 
blowing  it  over  them.  "We  are  not  in  possession  of  other  facts,  ex- 
cept that  they  seem  to  have  some  knowledge  of  a  flood  in  which  the 
world  was  destroyed,  on  account  of  the  sins  of  mankind. 

"We  have  been  but  one  month  here  :  the  remainder  must  conse- 
quently be  reserved  for  another  voyage.  T  can,  however,  assert  that 
the  soil  is  especially  rich.  The  earth,  soft  and  black  to  the  depth  of 
a  foot,  is  overspread  with  a  fat  and  reddish  coloured  clay,  covered 
everywhere  with  widely  spreading  trees,  of  great  value  and  surpass- 
ing beauty,  except  here  and  there  a  small  patch  of  cultivated  ground. 
The  land  is  also  refreshed  by  abundant  springs  of  excellent  drinking 
water.  The  only  quadrupeds  we  have  seen,  are  the  deer,  beaver, 
and  squirrels  which  equal  in  size  the  European  rabbit.  The  flocks- 
of  birds  are  innumerable,  such  as  eagles,  herons,  swans,  geese,  ducks, 
and  partridges.  Hence,  you  may  suppose  there  is  nothing  wanting 
here  which  may  minister  to  the  necessities  or  the  pleasure  of  its  in- 
habitants." 

The  town  of  Saint  Mary's  became  the  capital  of  the  province  ;  and 
the  first  legislative  assembly  of  the  province  was  called  and  held  there, 
about  the  commencement  of  the  year  1G35 — (to  wit,  on  the  26th  of 
February,  163-1—5,  old  style.) 


THE    CHARTER 

OP  THE 

CITY    OF     ANNAPOLIS. 

AS  NOW  EIVIBODIED  IN  ARTICLE   TWO   OF   THE   CODE 
OF    PUBLIC    LOCAL    LAWS    OF    MARYMAND, 
TITLE  ANNE  ARUNDEL  COUNTY,  SUB- 
TITLE, ANNAPOLIS.* 
Sec.  30.    The  boundaries  of  the  City  of  Annapolis  shall  be  follows-. 
Begmnmg  at  the  water's  edge  at  Windmill    Point;   thence  by  » 
*  From  the  Revised  Code,  iSSl. 


History  of  Annapolis.  33& 

straight  line  to  Sycamore  Point;  and  thence  again  by  a  straight  line 
from  Sycamore  Point  to  the  wharf  at  Fort  Madison;  and  thence  by  a 
drawn  line  from  the  wharf  at  Fort  Madison,  to  the  sonth  wall  of  the 
Naval  Academy,  at  the  eastern  terminus  of  Hanover  street,  and  fol- 
lowing the  present  enclosures  of  the  Xaval  Academy  to  the  Severn 
River,  at  the  nortn-eastern  terminus  of  Tabernacle  street;  thence  along 
the  south  shore  of  said  river  and  College  Creek,  to  the  head  of  said  creek; 
thence  by  a  stright  line  from  the  head  of  said  creek,  to  the  head  of 
Acton's  Cove  on  Spa  Creek;  and  thence  following  the  northeast  of 
said  creek  to  the  pkce  of  beginning;  and  the  said  city  shall  be  divided 
into  three  wards  by  the  Corporation  of  said  city,  and  the  citizens  of 
Annapolis,  qualified  to  vote  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Maryland,  shall,  on  the  second  Monday  of  July,  in  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-seven,  and  every  two  years  thereafter,  elect  by 
ballot,  a  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  the  voters  in  each  ward  shall  at  the 
same  time  elect  by  ballot  two  residents  thereof  as  Aldermen,  who 
shall  constitute  the  Corporation  of  said  city,  under  the  name  and 
style  of  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  AnnapohSo 

Sec.  31.  The  Corporation  shall  appoint  three  persons  judges  of 
said  election,  any  two  of  whom  shall  be  competent  to  hold  such 
election,  and  shall  also  appoint  the  necessary  clerks  of  said  election, 
and  the  judges  and  clerks  shall  qualify  in  the  same  manner  as  judges 
and  clerks  of  elections  are  required  by  law  to  qualify,  and  shall  in 
the  execxition  of  their  respective  duties,  and  in  the  manner  of  con- 
ducting elections,  conform  in  every  respect  to  the  provisions  of  Article 
thirty-five  of  the  Code,  and  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  penalties  aa 
other  judges  and  clerks  of  elections  hi  this  State. 

Sec.  ,i'^.  The  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen  shall  designate 
the  place  of  holding  elections,  and  the  polls  shall  be  kept  open  from 
nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  sis  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and  the 
returns  shall  be  made  to  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen,  and 
recorded  among  their  proceedings. 

Sec.  38.  All  persons,  quahfied  to  be  members  of  the  General  Assem^ 
bly,  shall  be  eligible  as  Mayor,  Counsellor  and  Aldermen. 

Sec.  34.  In  case  ot  the  death,  refusi'.l  to  serve,  disqualification  or 
removal  out  of  the  City  of  any  of  the  members  of  the  Corporation, 
a  majority  of  the  remaining  members  shall  fill  the  vacancy  lor  the 
residue  ot  the  term.* 

Sec.  36.  The  Mayor  shall  qualify  as  directed  by  section  six  of 
article  sixty-eight  ot  the  Code;  the  Aldermen,  Counsellor,  and  jadgea 
and  clerks  of  elections,  and  ail  other  ofiicers  of  the  City,  shall,  before 
they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  take  and  sub- 
scribe before  Ihe  Mayor  the  following  oath  :     "I  do  solemnly  swear 

that  I  will  fcxithfuily  execute  the  office  of to  the  best  of  my 

knowledge  and  ability,  without  favor,  affectio;:,  or  partiaUty." 

Sec,  37.  The  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen  shall  hold  their 
first  session  in  Annapolis  on  the  second  Monday  in  April,  and  shall 
meet  on  the  second  Monday  in  each  month  thereafter,  but  the  Mayor 
may  summon  them  to  convene  whenever  and  as  often  as  it  may  ap" 
pear  to  him  that  the  interests  of  the  City  require  their  dehberations, 
and  a  majority  of  the  whole  Board  shall  be  a  quorum  to  do  business, 
but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day. 

*  By  Act  of  ISiiT,  c.  240,  sees.  U  and  35  were  lepealtt,  nnd  the  present  sec,  U 
enacted  iu  lieu  ot  both. 


3;j6  "The  Ancient  City." 

Sec.  38.  They  may  cuiupel  the  attendauce  of  absent  members  in 
such  mariner  and  imder  such  penalties  as  they  may  by  oidinance 
provide;  shall  settle  their  rules  of  proceedings;  appoint  their  own 
officers  and  remove  them  at  pleasure. 

Sec.  39.  They  shall  judge  of  the  election  returns  and  qualifications 
of  their  own  members,  and  may.  with  the  concurrence  of  their  whole 
number,  expel  any  member  for  disorderly  behavior  or  raisco:;duct  in 
office,  but  not  a  second  time  for  the  same  cause. 

Sec.  40.  The  Mayor.  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen  shall  have  power 
to  enact  all  laws  and  ordinances  necessary  to  preserve  tlie  health  of 
the  City;  to  prevent  and  remove  nuisances;  to  prevent  the  intro- 
duction of  contagious  diseases  within  the  City;  to  estabhsh  night 
watches  and  patrols;  to  light  the  City;  to  establish  new  streets,  lanes, 
and  alleys,  and  to  widen,  straighten,  extend,  stop  up,  or  discontinue 
any  stree-ts.  lanes,  and  alleys;  and  when  any  street,  lane,  or  alley  is 
opened,  widened,  straightened,  extended,  stopped  up  or  discontinued 
by  the  Corporation,  the  full  value  of  all  property  taken  and  used  for 
public  street,  lane,  or  alley,  or  damages  to  be  sustained  in  closing  the 
same,  shall  be  assessed  by  a  jury  of  twelve  citizens,  and  the  said  full 
value  so  assessed  first  paid  or  tendered  to  the  f)roprietor  of  said 
property:  and  if,  in  opening,  widening,  straightening  or  extending 
any  street,  lane  or  alley  in  said  city,  any  l)onefit  shall  thercl\v  accrue 
to  "the  o'.vner  or  possessor  of  any  ground  or  improvement,  within  or 
upon  said  street,  lane,  or  alley,  for  which  such  owner  or  possessor 
ought  to  pay  compensation,  said  benefits  shall  be  assessed  and  paid  by 
the  owner  or  possessor  iu  like  manner  as  above  provided;  to  er^ct  and 
repair  bridges;  to  have,  construct,  and  keep'  in  repair  all  necessary 
drains  and  sewers,  and  to  pass  all  necessary  regulations  for  the  regu- 
lation, repair,  and  preservation  of  Ihe  same;  to  regulate  and  fix  the 
assize  of  bread;  to  provide  f  jr  tlie  appointment,  and  define  the  duties 
of  City  Comraissioaer,  Police  Officers,  iMarket  Masters,  Gangers, 
Wood  Corders,  Harbor  Masters.  Hay  Weighers,  Coal  Weigliers,  and 
Inspectors,  and  all  other  officers  which  they  may  create,  and  to  de- 
fine the  .Uities  and  compensation  thereof;  to  provide  for  the  safe  keep- 
ing of  the  standard  of  the  vveifflits  and  measures.  fix':'d  by  Congress, 
or  by  an  Act  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  and  for  regulating  thereby  all 
weights  and  measures  used  within  the  City;  to  regulate  party  walls 
and  partition  fences;  to  erect  and  regulate  markets;  to  provide  for 
licensing  and  regulating  the  sweeping  and  burning  of  chimneys,  and 
fixing  the  rates  theieof,  and  to  prescribe  the  size  of  those  to  he  built 
in  the  Ciry;  to  establish  and  re;xnlate  fire  wanls  and  fire  companies: 
to  restrain  or  prohibit  gaming:  to  license  bowling  saloons,  bowling 
alleys,  nine  or  ten  pin  alleys,  liilliard  tables,  rondo  tables,  bagatelle 
tables,  or  any  other  tables  or  devices,  or  structures  of  a  similar  kinci; 
to  license  carriages  of  pleasure  and  burden,  and  to  provide  for  licens- 
ing, regulating,  or  restraining  theatrical  or  other  public  amusements 
within  the  limits  of  the  City:  to  license  hawkers,  pedlers,  travelling 
physicians,  venders  of  patent  medicines  or  other  articles,  and  their 
vehicle:;,  to  sink  wells;  to  make  and  reguhxte  pumps,  water  pipes, 
hydrants,  water  plugs,  fountains,  sewers,  and  so  forth,  in  the  streets, 
lanes,  and  alleys  of  the  City,  and  to  pass  laws  t' protect  the  same:  to 
impose  and  appropriate  fines,  penalties  and  fm-feitures  for  the  breach 
of  their  by-laws  and  ordinances;  to  levy  and  collect  taxes;  not  ex- 


History  OF  Annapolis.  '  337 

ceeding  one  per  centum  per  annum  on  all  the  assessabl  e  property  in 
the  City;  to  pass  oixlinances  for  the  prevention  and  extinguishment  of 
fires;  and  for  paving  and   keeping    in  repair  the  streets,  lanes,  and 
alleys  in  said  city;  and  in  addition  to  the  power  aforesaid,  to  tax  any 
particular  part  or  district  'if  the  City  for  paving  the  streets,  lanes 
and  alleys  therein,  or  for  constructing  sewers,  sinking  wells,  making 
pumps,  water  pipes,  fountains,  hydrants  and  water  plugs  therein, 
which  in  their  judgment  may  appear  for  the  benefit  of  such  particular 
part  or  district,  in  a  sum  not  exceeding  one  per  centum  on  the  asses- 
sable property  in  said  particular  part  or  district;  and  to  make  a  nen 
assessment  of  all  the  assessable  property  in  said  city  not  exempt  from 
taxation  by  the  laws  of  this  State,  as  often  as  they  may  deem  the  same 
necessary;  to  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  Corporation  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  or  effecting  any  important  and  jiermanent  pub- 
lic improvement  in  the  City,  or  tor  paying  its  present  debts;  and  to 
issue  from  time  to  time,  as  they  may  deem  proper,   the  bonds  of  the 
said  Mayor,  Counsellor  and  Aldermen,  payable  at  such  time.^andin 
such  sums  as  may  deem  proper,  not  exceeding  in  the  aggrei::ation  the 
sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  to  pledge  their  property  for  the 
payment  thereof,  and  the  interest  thereon;  provided,  however,  that  a 
majority  of  the  legal  voters;  shall  approve  the  act  at  an  election  to  be 
held  on  a  day  at  a   place  to  be  named  by  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and 
Aldermen  of  the  City  of  Annapolis,  when  the  legal  voters  of  said  tity 
shall  express  by  ballot  their  assent  or  dissent  to  the  loa,n  proposed; 
Sind  provided,  that  tht;  entire  public  debt  of  said  city  shall  not  exceed 
the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars;  to  provide  for  taking  up,  fining  or 
committing    to   the    jail    of  Anne  Arundel    county,  all    vagrants, 
drunken,  loose  and    disorderly  persojis  and  such  as  have  no  visible 
means  of  support  and  livelihood,  and  common  disturbers  of  the  peace, 
that  may  be  found  within  the  :urisdiction  of  the  City,  and  the  keeper 
of  said  jail  shall  receive  and  tufe  keep  all  persons  so  corarjitted,  ac- 
cording to  the  tenor  of  the  commitment;  to  cause  a  survey,  ::3  often  as 
they  may  think  necessary,  of  the  City,  its  harbor,  streets,  lots,  and  the 
additions  thereto  to  be  made;  to  establish  and  fix  permanent  boun- 
daries and  stones  at  such  places  as  they  may  think  necessary,  with 
proper  marks  and  devices  thereon;  to  ascertain  the  lines  of  the  City 
and  the  additions  thereto;  and  the  survey  of  the  said  city  and  ad- 
ditions thereto,  and  of  the  streets,  lanes,  alleys,  and  harbor  thereof, 
when  made  shall  be  signed  by  the  Mayor,  and  the  seal  of  the  Corpor- 
ation thereto  affixed,    and    shall  be  deposited  with  the  Olerli  of  the 
Corporation  of  the  City,  and  received  as  evidence  of  the  boundawes  of 
the  said  city,  and  of  the  harbor,  lots,  streets,  lanes,  and  alleys  therein; 
to  declare  and  adjudge  as  nuisances  any  encroachments  on  the  streets, 
lanes,  and  alleys,  and  cause  the  same  to  be  removed  at  the  expense  of 
the  persoji  offending;  to  lay  off  and  divide  the  City  into  election  dis- 
tricts, and  to  define  their  bounds  and  limits,  and  correct  the  same 
from  time  to  time,  so  as  to  preserve  as  accurately  as  may  be  an  equal 
number  of    inhabitants  in  each  of  said   districts,  and  to  designate 
places  for  taking  the  vote  at  all  elections  to  be  held  in  each  of  said 
districts;  to  prevent  the  running  at  large  of  dogs,  and  to  impose  an 
aniiual  tax  on  the  owners  and  keepers  thereof  in  the  City  not  exceed- 
ing five  dollars;  to  restrain  or  prohibit  the  running  at  large  of  horses. 


338  "The  Ancient  City." 

cows,  sheep,  goats,  or  other  tvnimals;  to  direct  in  what  parts  of  tho 
City  buildings  of  wood  shall  uot  'ae  cr.'cted,  aud  to  regulate  the  con- 
struction of'thesiiine;  to  pass  ordinances  for  preserving  oi-der,  secur- 
ing persons  and  property  from  violence,  danger  or  destruction;  for 
protecting  the  puljlic  and  city  property,  rights  and  privileges  from 
waste  or  encroachrneiit,  and  generally  for  promoting  and  securing  the 
good  government  of  the  City. 

Sec.  41.  Before  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  Aldermen  of  the  City 
of  Annapolis  shall  pass  any  ordinance  to  open,  widen,  straighten,  ex- 
tend, stop  up,  or  discontinue  any  streets,  lanes,  or  alleys,  or  any  part 
thereof,  in  pursuance  of  the  authority  herein  delegated,  at  least  thirty 
■lays'  notice  shall  be  given  before  tlie  pass;ige  of  such  ordinance,  in 
some  newspaper  or  newspapers  published  in  said  city,  and  before  any 
atreet,  lane,  or  alley  shall  be  so  opened,  slrightencd,  extended,  stopped 
up  or  discontinued,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  proprietors  of  lots  or  any 
part  or  section  of  the  streets,  lanes,  and  alleys  so  to  be  opened, 
widened,  straightened,  extended,  stopped  up,  or  discontinued,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  wliTise  property  will  bo  depreciated  by  the  act  of  tho 
Oorporation.  may  ajply  to  any  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  said  city,  who 
ishereliT  empowered,  upon  an  affidavit  of  facts,  to  summon  a  jury  of 
twelve  citizens,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  exiimine  the  premi.ses  and 
assess  tho  damages  sustained  V^y  the  coniplainaut;  the  full  value  of 
:3uch  asJt.ssment  shaT.  bo  paid  or  teudciHl  to  the  complainant,  as 
hereinlieforc  provideu,  befora  the  final  execution  of  sucii  ordinance, 
•And  any  Justice  of  th-;  Peace  shall  have  the  same  power  to  summon  a 
jury  for  the  assessment  of  benefits. 

Sec.  42.*  They  shg.ll  keep  a  jonraal  of  their  proceedings,  and  enter 
the  yeas  and  nays  upon  any  question,  resolve  or  ordinance,  if  requirad 
by  any  one  member,  and  tiicir  deliberalions  ^^hall  be  public. 

Sec.  4^!.*  The  Mayor,  CouEseHor,^and  Aldermen  may  repair  any 
private  wharves  belonging  to  persons  who  shall  refuse,  after  two 
month's  notice,  to  repair  the  s."..nae,  and  they  may  receive  the  wliarf- 
ige  of  inch  wharves  until  such  repairs  aro  ]iaid  for,  or  until  the 
)Wners  thereof  shall  ::ay  the  same. 

Snc.  4?'.  The  Mayor  may  take  the  acknowledgment  of  any  deed 
or  instrument  of  writing  re^^uired'  to  bo  aekowicdged,  and  receive 
fcher&for-i  the  sum  of  fifty  cents :  all  by-laws  and  ordinances  of  the 
«iid  Corponition  shall  be  signed  by  the  Mayo.t ;  the  Mayor  shall  diir- 
ifig  the  ui-st  ten  days  in  the  raojnth  of  January  of  each  and  every  year, 
•ikiiae  tc  t-e  prepared  and  printed,  for  the  iuformatiou  of  the  citizens, 
*  jjtateniont  of  the  fiiianceso-f  the  said  Corporation  ;  he  may  c»all  upon 
any  oftioer  of  tho  City,  entru<,t«d  with  fcho^ receipt  and  expenditure  of 
public  money,  for  a  stAtomsnt  of  his  acGOHnts,  as  often  as  he  may 
-lectn  it  necessary  ;  he  shall  se«  that  the  ordinaneea  are  duly  and  faith- 
fully executed. 

Sbc.  50.  They  mar  appoint  from  timo  to  timo,  at  such  poriods  as 
they  deem  most  proper  and  convenient,  certain  persons  as  Wardens 
->f  the  Port  of  the  City  of  Annapolis,  nor  more  than  five  in  number, 
▼tiO  shall  bo  removed  at  their  ploa-sure. 

Sec.  51.  Tho  persons  so  appointed  shall,  each,  take  the  following 
oath :  '•!,  A.  B.,  do  swear  that  I  will  discharge  the  trust  of  Warden 

*  The  original  Sections  42,  18,  11,45.  46,   {7  aod  18  repealed   by  Act  of  1867, 


History  of  Annapolis.  339 

of  the  Port  of  the  City  of  Annapolis  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  with- 
out favor,  affection,  or  partiality." 

Sec.  53.  The  Wardens,  or  a  majority  of  them,  shall  have  power  to 
determine  upon  and  regulate  all  matters  relating  to  the  erection  or 
building  of  wharves  in  the  said  port,  so  far  as  respects  the  distance 
said  wharves  may  be  extended  into  the  water,  and  the  materiHls  of 
which  they  shall  b3  constructed,  and  the  manner  and  form  of  con- 
struction, always  keeping  in  view  the  preservation  of  the  navigation 
of  said  port  by  not  permitting  any  wharf  to  be  carried  out  in  such 
manner  as  to  render  the  navigation  of  the  same  too  close  ;Mid  confined, 
or  to  be  built  of  such  materials  or  constructed  in  such  manner  as 
may  be  deemed  not  sufficiently  suljstantial  and  lasting. 

Sec.  53.  Xo  person  holding  lands  on  the  waters  of  said  port,  nor 
any  person  whatever,  shall  build  any  wharf,  or  carry  out  any  earth 
or  other  material  for  that  purpose,  without  license  from  said  Wardens, 
or  a  majority  of  them,  to  do  the  same  ;  and  if  any  person  shall  offend 
against  the  provisions  of  this  yectiou,  or  if  any  person  shall  build  any 
wharf  a  greater  '^stance  into  the  waters  of  said  port,  or  in  a  different 
form,  or  of  l:;Terjnt  materials  than  determined  and  allowed  by  the 
Wardens,  >'•  a  Miajority  of  them,  he  shall  be  subject  to  such  fine  as 
the  Mayor,  'I'r.irissllor,  and  Aldermen  may  ordain. 

Sso.  54.  !;■  '"^[i  ili'Kv.'r;3as  that  shall  arise  bctwee-  ■  :ty  citizen  of 
AuKapolis  a;r.\  :l'.>j  said  Wardens,  touching  thedischav  :  )/  their  duty, 
an  appeal  ."I.:,-!  lie  to  the  Mayor,  Couasellor  and  Aide-  .>  -u. 

Skc.  55.  1:  >'\all  not  be  lawful  for  any  person,  whci  iisi'  licensed  to 
sell  spirituous  liquors  or  not,  to  sell,  dispose  of,  barter,  or  give,  di- 
rectly or  indirectly,  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  Cilyof  Annapo- 
lis, or  within  five  miles  thei-eof,  any  spirituous  or  fermented  liquors 
-or  cordials  nf  any  kind,  or  in  any  quantity  whatever,  to  any  youth  or 
minor  imd.^r  t''.!;  age  of  twenty-one  years,' without  the  written  order 
or  consent  '  t  ..h?  parent  or  guardian  o!  such  minor  ;  nor  to  any  Mid- 
^liipraan  ov  r:  t  ;..!eat  connected  with,  or  attached  to  the  N'aval  Aoidemy 
At  Aunapoli?,  .  >■  ;ui'ler  orders  to  join  or  leave  the  said  Academy  ;  nar 
to  auy  seama'.j.  .>rdiriary  seaman,  landsman,  marine,  or  boy,  or  any 
employee  of  t]:*  Navy,  without  a  written  order  from  a  oomirii*sioned 
officer  of  the  Navy,  (not  escluding  hiredlabor«rs,)  nor  to  any  Student 
of  St.  John's  College  without  the  written  order  of  some  Professor  ol 
«iid  College':  and  any  person  violating  the  provisiojis  of  this  seotion 
shall  be  liable  to  indictment  ini:hs  Circuit  Court  for  Annt<  Arundel 
county,  aiKl.  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  a  siun  of  not  less 
than  fifty  dollars,  and  not  more  than  four  hundred  dollars,  and  sliall 
be  confined  in  jail  until  the  said  fine  and  costs  of  projccutiou  shall  b« 
paid  ;  provided,  said  conSuecient  \\\  jail  shall  not  oscccd  sirty  days  ; 
but  if  any  minor  or  person  referred  to  in  this  section  shall  willixiUy 
misrepresent  that  he  is  of  full  age,  or  that  he  is  not  pr»hibite<i  by 
this  section,  and  thereby  shall  obtain  any  spirituous  liquors,  and  tha 
person  selling  the  same  shall  be  able  to  prove  such  misrepresentatioa, 
the  said  person  selling  to  the  said  minor  or  other  pevsou  so  falsely 
representing  himself  shall  not  suffer  any  penalty,  but  sliall  pay  aH 
the  costs  incurred  in  snch  case  ;  p'ovlded,  that  the  act  of  any  agent 
ander  this  soetion  shall  not  be  bniding  upon  his  principal,  if  the  court 
or  jury  shall  l)cliovfc  that  the  said  act  was  committed  against  the  bona 
fide  instructions  of  said  principal. 

Seo.  5G.    If  any  person  having  a  license  of  any  kind,  authorizing 


340  ' '  T  H  E  A  N  c  I E  N  T  City.'' 

the  sale  of  spirituous  liquors,  shall  violate  the  provisions  of  the  pre- 
ceding section,  or  permit  any  person  in  his  employ  to  violate  the  same, 
at  or  in  his  tavern,  shop,  house,  or  place  of  business,  or  in  or  upon  his 
premises,  with  his  knowledge  and  consent,  such  license  shall  be  sup' 
pressed  by  the  Judge  of  said  Court,  and  be  declared  null  and  void. 

Sec.  57.  The  Judge  of  said  Court  shall,  whenever  co;npl:\int  may 
be  made  to  him  by  any  two  or  more  respectable  citizens  ol  siad  city, 
or  any  officer  of  the  county  or  city,  that  any  person  haviup"  a  license, 
as  aforesaid,  is  or  has  been  violating  che  provisions  of  Section  55  of 
this  Article,  examine  witnesses  and  inquire  into  such  alleged  viola- 
tion ;  and  if,  upon  such  examination  and  inquiry,  it  shall  appear  to 
his  satisfaction  that  the  party  complained  against  lias  been  guilty  of 
such  violation,  the  said  Judge  shall  have  full  power  immediately  to 
suppress  the  Ucense  of  such  person,  and  no  new  license  shall  be 
granted  to  him  or  her. 

Sec.  58.  Any  one  order  which  may  be  given  to  any  minor  under 
the  provisions  of  the  fifty-fifth  Section  of  this  Article,  shall  not  be 
available  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  given,  for  a  longer  period 
than  two  days  from  its  date. 

Sec,  59.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Sheriff  of  Annr*  Arundel 
County  and  his  deputies,  and  of  the  Constables  of  the  City  of  An- 
napolis, to  exercise  the  utmost  vigilance  in  order  to  detect  all 
■violations  of  this  Article  in  relation  to  the  sale  of  liquors  to  minors 
and  others  as  forbidden  by  Section  fiity-five,  and  to  report  immedi- 
ately any  such  violation  to  the  Judge  of  the  Ciicuit  Court  for  said 
county,  who  shall  forthwith  direct  the  offending  party  to  be  brought 
before  him,  and  shall  requii-e  him  to  give  adequate  security  for  his 
appearance  at  the  next  term  of  said  Coux-t,  and  shall  con.mit  such 
party  to  jail  in  default  of  such  security  :  and  if  any  Sheriff  or  Con- 
stable shall  neglect  to  report  to  the  Judge  any  sucli  violation  of  the 
said  section  as  soon  as  the  sam?  shall  come  to  his  knowledjre,  lie  shall 
be  liable  to  a  penalty  of  fifty  dollarr,  for  each  case  of  such  neglect,  to 
be  recovered  by  any  person  "in  the  name  of  the  State  by  action  of  debt 
in  said  Court. 

Sec.  60.  All  fines  imposed  and  collected  under  the  previsions  of 
Section  fifty-five  of  this  Article  shall  go,  one  half  to  the  informer 
("who  is  hereby  made  a  competent  witness)  and  the  other  hrlf  shall  be 
divided  equally  between  the  State's  Attorney  and  the  Sheriff  or  other 
officer  who  shall  have  made  report  in  the  case  to  the  Judge  under  the 
fifty-ninth  Section  of  this  Article. 

Sec.  G1.  The  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and  each  Alderman  sliall,  in 
virtue  of  their  office,  have  a::d  exercise,  within  the  limits  of  the 
Corporation,  all  the  jurisdiction  and  powers  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Sec.  63.*  The  Mayor  may  take  the  acknowldgement  oi  any  deed 
or  instrument  of  writing  required  by  law  to  be  acknowledged,  and 
shall  receive  therefor  the  sum  oi  fifty  cents. 

Sec.  64.  The  Collector  of  Taxes  in  said  city  shall  have  the  same 
power  to  collect  the  city  taxes  as  the  collectors  of  county  taxes,  and 
shall  be  governed  by  the  same  rules. 

Sec.  65.  When  any  tax  shall  be  due  upon  real  estate,  and  no  per- 
sonal property  shall  be  found  thereon  liable  to  the  pavment  thereof 
the  Collector  shall  report  the  fact  to  the  Corporation  at  their  monthly 
meeting  in  December,  annually,  and  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  and 
*  Sec.  C2  repealed  by  Act  on867,  c,  240. 


History  of  Annapolis.  341 

Aldermen  shall  thereupon  direct  the  real  estate  to  be  sold  by  the  Col- 
lector for  the  payment  of  the  said  taxes,  after  giving  notice  in  the 
public  newspapers  in  the  same  manner  as  Collectors  of  County  and 
State  Taxes  are  required  to  do. 

Sec.  66.  The  property  in  the  City  of  Annapolis  belonging  to  the 
•Corporation  is  exempt  from  any  tax  to  be  levied  by  Anne  Arundel 
County. 

Sec.  67.  No  ordinance  of  the  Corporation  shall  impose  a  fine  of 
more  than  twenty  dollars  for  any  one  offence,  or  authorize  a  commit- 
ment to  jail  for  more  than  thirty  days  at  one  time. 

Sec.  68.  All  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures  for  violation  of  any 
ordinance  of  the  Corporation  may  be  recovered  before  the  Mayor, 
Counsellor,  or  some  one  of  the  Aldermen,  or  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  ; 
and  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  or  Aldermen,  or  Justice,  may  commit  the 
oflEender  until  the  fine  is  paid,  or  lie  be  discharged  in  due  course  of 
law. 

Sec.  69.  If  any  ordinance  shall  give  part  of  a  fine  or  penalty  to 
the  informer,  or  if  such  fine  or  penalty  be  discretionary,  the  judgment 
of  the  ol-Seer  imposing  the  fiiie  or  deelaring  the  penalty,  shall  specify 
how  much  of  such  fine  or  penalty  sliall  be  to  the  use  of  the  Corpor- 
ation, and  liow  much  to  the  informer. 

Sec.  70.  Xo  ordinance  of  the  said  Corporation  shall  be  binding 
on  persons  who  do  not  reside  in  the  said  city,  until  the  same  shall 
have  been  published  in  some  newspaper  of  the  said  city,  unless  in 
case  of  wilful  and  intentional  violation  of  said  ordinance  after  notice 
•thereof. 

Sec.  71.  The  said  Corporation  shall  pass  no  ordinance  that  shall 
be  contrary  to  law. 

Sec.  72.  The  inhabitants  of  the  said  city,  and  all  persons  holding 
property  therein,  shall  be  competent  witness  in  all  actions  arising 
under  the  Charter  or  Ordinances  of  said  city,  if  exempt  from  all  other 
•exceptions  t'lan  that  of  interest  as  an  inhabitant  of  said  city,  or  mem- 
ber of  said  Corporation. 

Sec.  7o.  All  that  }>-AYt  of  the  Charter  of  the  City  of  Annapolis 
which  eives  to  the  Mayor,  Counsellor,  or  Aldermen  the  power  of 
holding  a  Court  of  Hustings  within  said  city,  and  all  other  parts  of 
said  Charter  repugnant  to.  or  inconsistent  with,  the  provisions  of  this 
Article  in  relation  to  the  City  of  Annapolis,  are  repealed. 

Sec.  74.  The  public  lands  and  buildings  heretofore  purchased  and 
built  by  this  State  or  Anne  Arundel  County,  in  said  city,  are  reserved 
and  continued  forever  to  the  uses  to  which  they  have  bt-en  allotted, 
and  the  Judges  of  the  several  Courts  which  have  usually  held  tlieir 
courts  in  the  said  city  in  the  public  Court  House  thereof,  shall  and 
may  continue  to  do  so:  and  the  Justices,  Coinmissione-s.  and  Sheriff  of 
Anne  Arundpl  County,  shall  have,  hold,  and  exercise  the  jurisdiction 
in  as  full  and  ample  manner  in  the  saiJ  city  as  heretofore. 

Sec.  246.  It  s  lall  not  be  lawful  for  any  person  to  carry  con- 
cealed, in  Annapolis,  whether  a  resident  thereof  or  not,  any  pistol, 
-dirk-knife,  bowie-knife,  sling-shot,  billy,  ivizor;  brass,  iron  or  other 
metal  knuckles,  or  any  other  deadly  weapon,  under  a  penalty  of  a  fine 
of  not  less  than  three,  nor  more  than  ten  dollars  in  each  case,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  Justice  of  the  Peace  before  whom  the  same  may  be 
tried,  to  be  collected  as  other  fines  and  penalties  are  now  collected. 
'provided,  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  officer 


342  "  T  H  E   A  N  C  I  E  N  T   C  1  T  Y  .  " 

of  the  law,  either  of  the  State  or  City,  where  any  pistol  or  other  weapon 
is  a  part  of  the  prescribed  outfit  of  said  ofiBcer  ;  iii\d  provided  further, 
that  either  party,  fteliug  aggrieved  at  the  decision  ol  iLe  paid  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  shall  have  the  riglit  to  apjital  to  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Anne  Arundel  County. 


CHAPTEii  4il«. 

AN  ACT  to  enlarge  the  powers  of  il:e  Mayor,  Coimsollor,  and  Alder- 
men of  the  city  of  Annapolis,  Ijy  adding  certuin  stcUons  to  the 
chatter  of  said  city  relating  to  puljlie  cemeteiies,  and  the  acqui- 
sition ol  laud  Ly  Sijd  corporaiiuu  lor  thai  purpose,  and  the  regu- 
lation thereoi,  anu  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  roads 
and  bridges  leading  thereto. 
Section  1.  He  it  enacted  by  the  General  Asserahly  of  Maryland, 
That  the  following  sections  be  and  the  same  heieby  are  added  to  the 
Code  of   Public  Local    Laws    of    Maryland,  title    "Anne   Arundel 
county,"  sub-title  "Anuapohs,"  to  be  known  as  sections  seventy- 
five,  seventy-six,  seventy-seven,  and  seventy-eight,  of  said  title  and 
sub- title: 

Sec.  75.  The  mayor,  counsellor,  and  aldermen  of  the  city  of  An- 
napolis, shall  be  authorized  and  empowered,  in  their  discretion,  to  ac- 
quire by  puici.ase,  condemnation,  gitt,  or  grant,  torthej/urposes  of  a 
public  ctnietery  or  cemeteries  tor  said  city,  so  much  land  either  within- 
or  without  the  limits  of  said  city  as  they  may  consider  necessary  ;  and 
also  to  make  such  ordinances,  by-laws,  rules,  or  regulations  relative  to 
the  same,  ai,d  to  the  public  cemeteries  belonging  to  said  city,  or 
within  its  hmits,  as  may  by  them  be  deemed  right  and  proper. 

Sec.  7(i.  If  the  said  nayor,  counsellor,  and  aldermen  ol  the  city  of 
AnnapoJis  caiinot  agiee  with  the  owner  or  owners  of  the  land  so  sought 
to  be  acquiied  lor  the  puri'Oseaioresaid,  ior  tiio  puicLi.sc  ci  the  same, 
the  said  major,  counsellor,  and  aldermen  shall  be  authorized  to  pro- 
ceed to  condemn  said  land  tor  the  purposes  afoiesaiu.  in  manner  as 
provided  by  tec;ions  one  hundred  and  seventy,  one  huiitired  and  .sev- 
enty-one, ore  Luiidreu  aid  seventy-two,  one  hundiec  anu  seventy- 
three,  one  hnndud  and  seventy-lour,  and  one  hv.ndrea  and  seventy- 
five  of  chapter  lour  hundred  and  seventy-one,  of  the  acts  passed  by 
the  general  assembly  ol  Maryland  at  the  January  session,  eighteen 
bundled  lau  siity-eiglit,  and  all  the  rights,  po\vers,  ana  privileges 
'^J^^'^^^^td  by  sait.  sections  upon  the  coi potation  therein  mentioned, 
shall  be  detmea  applicable  to  and  vested  in  said  mr.)  or,  counsellor,  and 
aldermen  lor  the  purposes  of  this  act. 

Sec.  77.  The  said  mayor,  counsellor,  and  aldenr.en  shall  be  author- 
ized to  open  ict.ds,  ways,  or  streets  to  said  cemetery  or  cemt  leries,  and 
comltmn  prcpeiiy  loi  that  puiiose  under  thepov.eu  conlened  by  the 
preceding  sectioi  s  oi  this  act,  oi  to  acquire  tiiie  ic  the  land  necessary 
lor  that  purj^ose  by  purchase,  gift  or  grant,  as  picviucd  by  said  sec- 


History  of  Annapolis,  343 

tions  ;  and  they  shall  furthermore  be  authorized  to  erect  or  construct 
bridges  over  the  navigable  vraters  of  College  creek  or  of  Spa  creek, 
on  either  side  of  said  city,  for  convenience  of  access  to  such  cemetery 
or  cemeteries. 

Sec.  78.  The  said  mayor,  counsellor,  and  aldermen  shall  be  author- 
ized to  lay  oil  into  burial  lots  the  land  required  by  them  under  this 
act,  and  to  lease,  sell,  and  convey  said  lots  as  they  may  deem  right 
and  proper.  They  shall  be  authorized  to  make  all  such  rules  and 
regulations,  relative  to  the  maintenance  and  use  of  such  roads  and 
bridges  as  may  be  constructed  by  them  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act  as  they  may  deem  expedient,  in  the  same  manner  as  by  existing 
laws  they  can  make  and  enforce  relative  to  public  streets  within  said 
city. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  from  the 
date  of  its  passage. 

Approved  April  8,  1884. 


INDEX. 


■(:o:)- 


Abuse  of    the    house  by    Ed- 
ward Ii]rberry 41 

A  brief  stnig2:le 57 

Abigail  and  Nancy 125 

Abraham  Lincoln,  election  of.  284 

Abbott,  Wm.  M 324 

Abridgement  of  Fr.  White's  J.327 
Acknowledgement  can  be  tak.338 

Acadians  in  Annapolis 119 

Act  of  attainder  of  R.  Clarke.  85 
Accomplislimonts  of  Annapo.  91 
Act  of  Assembly  on  charter. .   93 

Acton,  Richard 19 

Act  of  Assembly  to  punish  In- 
dians I'nr  murder 22 

Academy  of  King  William 80 

Acts  against  Quakers  repealed  44 
Act  to  bui'd  State   House  and 

prison  at  rit.  Mary's 59 

Accessibleness  of  St.  Mary's..  60 

Acton's  Cove (53 

Advance  of  Gov.  Stone's  fore.  33 
Address  of  Mayor,  &c.,  of  St. 

Mary's 58 

Advantages  of  St.  Mary's....  60 

Addison,  Col.  John 78 

Admittance  to  the  House 92 

Addison,  Col.  Thomas 96 

Addition  to  Annapolis  called 

New   Town 97 

Addition  to  the  city  of  Annap.  97 
Advertisement  in  the  Gazette.  99 

Adultery 101 

Admiralty,  court  of,  at  Annapll4 

Adams  Express  Office 147 

Adverse  Meeting 166 


Adventures  cargo  refused  land- 
ing  17G 

Adams,  Lieut.  Col.  Peter.  . .  .188 
Address      of      Annapolis     to 

V^-ashington 193 

Address  of  A.  to  Gen.  Greene.  195 

Addresses  to  La  Fayette 190-7 

Address  of  Council  of  State 

to  Washington 302 

AdJress  of  A.  to  Washington.203 

Address  of  State  to  Wash 203 

Address  of  Washington 206 

Address  of  Gen.  Mifflin  to  W.207 
Advantages  of  St.  John's  Col. 211 

Adams,  Thomas 229 

Address  to  La  Fayette 239 

Additions  to  Naval  Acaderay266-7 
Advantage  of  Naval  Academy 

to  Annapolis 268 

A  Disastrous  Accident 321 

Advertiser,  Anne  Arundel.  ,324-5 

Adams,  Fuchard 168 

A.  &  E.  R.  Railroad 262 

A  Notable  Bowl 309 

A.  &■  E.  R.  R.  pays  to  State. ..313 
A.  tL  B.  Short  Line  R....320,  323 
AUirmative  commands  urged .  27 
Affirmed,  charter  of  Annap....  93 

African  slavery 108 

Affray  at  Annapolis 151 

Affability  of  Gov.  Eden 154 

Agonts  fail  to  receive  orders...  57 
Aged  rector  to  drop  into  grave  73 

Agricultural  fair  grounds 159 

Age     of     poplar    on    College 
Campus 309 


34G 


INDEX. 


A  Galaxy  of  Annapolitans...  .275 
Allen   Rev.    B.,   a    notorious 

pastor 72 

All  Saints  Parish    rector    of 

being  dead 72 

Allen,   Eev.    Mr.    gives    with 

lavish  hand 72 

Allen,  Mr.  rec.  of  2  parishes  72 
Allen,  Rev.  Mr.  personal  chas- 
tisement ot: 72 

Allen,  Rev.  Mr.  mobbed..  ...  72 
Allen,   Rev.    M.    resigns  All 

Saints 71 

Allen,  Rev.  resigns  St.  Anne's  71 
Allen,  Rev.  returns  to  Eng..  73 
Allen,  Rev.  Mr.  challenges  L. 

Dulany 72 

Allen,  Rev.  kills  L.  Dulany. .  72 
Allen,  Rev.  dies  in  poverty  72 
Allen,   Rev.   Mr.   gifted    but 

degraded 73 

All  Saints,  Calvert  county 10 

Aldermen  of  Annapolis,  1708.  SO 
Allen,  Mr.  writes  oi  St.  Anne'slOS 

Allison,  Patrick 200 

Alk-man,  Wii'iam  1G8 

Alexander,  Charles 210 

Allyne,  Capt ,  —  111 

All  America  iu  a  flame IG-l 

Alumni  of  St.  John's 215 

Almshouse  bnnied 324 

Alexander,  \Ym.... 225,  23i3,  239 
Alarms  of  citizens  of  A.  .234,  23S 

Alms  House 257 

Alexander,  Thos.  S 2'j3 

Alms  House  of  A.  A.  Co., 207 

Altham,  Fcilher 381 

Alkman,  Wm IfJS 

Alleys,  powers  over 338 

Amerciaments,   fines,    forfeit- 
ures  107 

American  women,  beauty  of.  .140 

American  Company 140 

American  ladies,  ease  of 142 

American  Com.  of  Comedians. 147 

American  House 301 

American  tobacco 127 

Amateur  Dramatic.  A.  N.  A . .  320 
Amendment  to  City  Charter.  .342 

Annapolis  Town 18 

Annapolis,  Poit  of 19 

Anne  Arundel  Co.,  formed...   21 
Anne  Arundel  named  iu  honor 
of  Lady  Anne  .Vi'undel ...   31 


Anne  Arundel  changed  to  Co. 

of  Providence 31 

Anne  Arundel  men 34 

Anne  Arundel  required  to  sub.  36 

Annarundel 37 

Anne  Arundel  County 39 

Annapolis.  34,  35,  40,  57,  58, 

63,    63.    68,  72,    78,    82, 

95,  97. 
Annapolis,  not  as  large  as  St- 

Mary's 57 

Anne    Arundel    Town,    (now 

Annapolis, )    57 

Annapolis,  remv'l.  of  Capital.  55 
Annapohs  has  forty  dwelling 

houses 57. 

Annapolis,  State  House  ia 57 

Annapolis,  Free  School  iu 57 

Annapolis,  good  lodgings  in. .  57 
Annapolis    has    two     market 

days  in  a  week 57 

Anne  Arundel  Town 58 

Annapolis,  Records  reach.. 02,  78 

Anne  Arundel  County 63 

Anne  Arundel  Town,  a  port 

of  entry. . 63 

Annapolis  puts  on  its  honors.  63 
Annapolis  give  its  pres.  name . .  63 
Annapolis,  rules  and  orders..  63, 

64. 

Annapolis,  gates  of 64 

Annapolis.  Town  Clerk  to  keep 

his  pai)ers  in 66 

Annapolis,  busy  times  iu 68 

Annapolis,  First  Muyor  of 76 

Ancient  comrauniori  ves.<els..  77 
Annapolis,  nicm.  residing  i;:..  79 
xiunapolis.  3nd  State  House  Li  80 
Annapolis,  printed  charter  of.  80 
Annapolis,  attera];t  to  burn.. .  81 
Anr/apolis,  piov  that  j^truck. . .  82 
Annapolis,  attempt  upon  Town 

of 82 

Annapolis  is  made  a  City 85 

Annapolis  has  two  deiegates..  85 
Annapolis  merged  iu  A.  A,  C.  86 
Annapolis  reduced  to  cue  del-  85 
Annapolis  loses  it.s  delegation.  85 
Annapolis  cont'd,  as  Capital..  86 
Annapolis,  petition  of  Cor.  of.  86 
Annapolis  wants  a  charter. . . .  86 
Annapolis  wiint.s  delegates. , . .  86 
Annapolis,  Connuua  Council- 
man of,  1708 87 


INDEX. 


347 


Annapolis,  Aldermen  of SO 

Annapolis,  Charter  of ,  grautid  ^7 
Annapolis,  Charter  or  City  ot  87 
Annapolis,   "ti  A'ery    pleasant 

healthful  comd.  place.". .  87 
Annapolis,  town  and  port  of. .  87 

Annapolis,  Sheriff  for 89 

Anne  Arundel,  Sheriff  for. ...  89 
Anne,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  &c.  87 
An  ia{)olis,  Free-holders  oi  —  89 
Aniiai;-olis,  two  fairs  yearly  in.  90 
Annapolis  on  the  advance. ...  91 
Annapolis,  accomplishments  of  91 
Annapolis,  French  writer  on. .  91 
Annapolis,  described  in  verse .  92 

Annapolis,  desciiption  of 92 

Annnpolis,  delegates  denied..  92 
Annapolis,  com  plaints  from. .  92 

Annapolis,  port  of 94 

Annapolis,  shipping  of 95 

Annaijolis,  members  of  port  of  90 

Annapolis,  prospect  to 9G 

Ani;ai)olis,  Corporation  of. . . .  96 

Annapolis,  area  of 97 

Annapolis,  addition  to.    97 

Anne  Arundel,  Schools  of 97 

Annapolis,  Public  School  iu..  98 

Anderson,  Ether 102 

Annapolis  in  1745 102 

Annapolis,  delep;ates  of 102 

Annapolis,  a  severe  storm  in.. 10-3 

Annapolis  a  centuiy  old 108 

Annapolis,  chief  trade  at 109 

Annapolis,  anrora  borealis  in.  109 
Annapolis,    chrouicies  irom 

1740  to  1773 109 

Annapol!;-,  inportr.nce  of 109 

Annapoli.-.,  by-laws  oi;  174'j. .  .109 
Annapolis,  Whitfield  visits. .  .110 
Annapolis,     manufacture     of 

osnabrigs , Ill 

Annapolis  to  Kent  Island 112 

Annapolis,  Admiralty  Court  a  t.l  14 
Annapolis,  prison  at,  guarded.  114 

Annapolis,  gallows  at 114 

Anm.polis,  convicts  arrive  at.  110 

Annapolis,  robbery  in 117 

Annapolis,  fortified 117,  IIK 

Annapolis,Earthquake  in  1755, 

1758,  1772 118,120,  121 

Annapolis,  Acadians  in 119 

Annapolis,  small-pos  iu 119 

Annapolis,  gang  of  miscreants 

in 120 


Annapolis,  pillory  in 131 

Annapolis,  old  clock,  old  hall.  122 
Annapolis,  Capital  50  years.   127 

Annapolis,  Latin  notes  in 127 

Anna[)olis,  Colfee  Plouse.  .130,  221 

Annapolis,  clubs  in 131 

Anniversaries  of  clubs 134 

Annapolis  loyal  to  England.  .136 
Anniversary  of  King  observed. 137 

Annapolis,  emigrants  to 137 

Annapolis,  electricity  in  1749.138 
Annapolis,  Masons  e»tab.  in.. 138 

Annapolis  Theatre 139,  226 

Annapolis  belles 140 

Ancient  City 146 

Annapolis  outlives  raillery. .  .145 

Annapolis,  stamp  act  in 149 

Annapolis  and  li.  f;  '^.  L. . . .  157 
Annapolis,  Wash.  &  B.  li.  pep.159 
Annapolis  entrenclied.  1755.. 160 

Annex  to  State  Library 164 

Annapolis,  in  Dec.  of  Indepd.164 
Annai)olis,  during  Ke volution. 165 
Annapolis    sym[>utaizes    with 

Boston Itio 

Anderson,  John 167 

Annis,  Robert  167 

Anderson,  J.  11 168 

Anne  Arundel 172 

Annapolis  deserted,  i'i75  ....175 
Annapolis,  consternation  in.  .177 

Annapolis,  Associators  of 181 

Annapolis  blockaded 187 

Annapolis  after  lie  volution. . .  192 
Annapolis,  a  city  of  ii;:portancel93 
Annapolis    wants     o    be    the 

Capitol  of  tlK- 1.  S 198 

Anuapolis  and    t're..uou 200 

Annapolis  cpiaisit  &:i.greeable.201 
Anuapolis,     addre^^.^     of,     to 

Washhigton 203 

Annapolis.  Wash.'s  reply  to.  .203 
Annapolis  from  17 < .  to  1810.230 
Annapolis  first  to  umke  silver 

coin 320 

Annapolis,  commerce  of i?33 

Annapolis  .J  oukey  C 1  u  o 233 

Ancient  llegime  di.->-.p,)ears.  ..228 
Annapolis  during  tl.e   war  of 

1812 .^^S 

Annapolis  a  niilit'y'^'>^!»P- 233,  238 

Annapolis  riflemen 240 

Annapolis  hifantry 340 

Annapolis  artillery 340 


348 


INDEX. 


j^nnapolis,  join  to  25G 

^nne  Anindel 257 

Anti-Caucns  party 258 

Anderson,  T .....258 

Annapolis  &  Potomac  Canal 

Company 260 

Ancient  Landmark  burnt. .  ..273 
Annapolis,  population  of  .280,  323 
Annapolis  seized  by  the  Fed. 

Government 281 

Anne  Arundel,  vote  in,  1860.281 
Annapolis,  vote  of,  in  1860. .  .281 
Annapolis  &  E.  E.  R.  seized.  .296 
Annapolis  an  important  Mili- 
tary Station 296 

Annapolis  has  strong  secession 

sentiment 297 

Annapolis  to  rival  Baltimore .  297 
Annapolis  Gazette  established. 300 

Anne  Arundel  enrollment 300 

Annapolis,  enrollment  of 301 

Andrews.  .James 304,  316 

Annapolis  Pub.  School  Build- 

ij^o- ...    208 

Anti-Huckster  Ticket 313 

A^mapolis  witnesses   314 

Annapolis  excited  over  Early's 

invasion 314 

Annapolis  fortified 314 

Annapolis  Confederates 314 

Annapolis  reduced  to  a  post.  .315 
Anne  Arundel  His.  Society. .  .320 

Annapolis  revenues 320 

Annapolis  of  the  present 323 

Annapolis  Glass  Works 323 

Annapolis,  newspapers  of. . .  .324 

Annapolis,  local  option  in 325 

An  exceeding;  great  army 326 

Annapolis.  Charter  of 334 

Anapolis,  I'oundaries  of 334 

Annapolis  City  Government. .  15 

Annapolis  Vol.  Fire  Dopt 15 

Annapolis,  Mayors  of 13 

Approval  of  State  subscription  3 
Appointment  cf  Hood,  stamp 

officer 149 

Apparition  of  the  Gazette. . .  .151 
Appropriation    to    St.  John's 

suspended 210 

Appropriation  to  St.  John's.214-5 

Appendix 326 

Arrival  of  Puritans 19 

Articles  of  Peace  and  Friend- 
ship   29 


Arms  add  Ammunition 32 

Arms,  ammunition,  taken 36 

Articles  against  Major   Thos. 

Truman 54 

Archives  carefully  guarded. . .  63 
Armory  near  the  Court  House.  80 
Armory  often  used  as  a   ball 

room 80 

Arrest,  attachment,  or  execu- 
tion   90 

Arrest,  stayed  at  fairs 90 

Area  of  Annapolis 97 

Arms  stolen Ill 

Architectural  pretensions.  ...128 
Arrival  of  Washington  in  A  .193 

Arrival  of  stamped  pajjer 151 

A  roytd  prisoner 154 

Arrival  of  Washington  at  A.  .201 
Arbitraiy  character  of  settle- 
ment   314 

Area  of  Naval  Academy 267 

A  retrospect  of  two  centuries. 274 

Arse-.nvl  at  Pikeville 295 

Arrest  of  Basil  McNew 300 

Arrest  of  Sam'l  Topper  300 

Arrest  of  Citizens  by  Military. 311 

Army,  nn  exceeding  great 326 

Ark,  The  (note) 328 

Asylum  in  Maryland 17 

Assembly  called  by  Puritans..  56 
Asse;r.'y  meets  at  Ti.  Preston's  56 

Ashman,  Mr.  Geo 78 

Assembly  called  by  beating  of 

drum , '. 80 

Assembly  dissolved ...   93 

Assize  Court 112 

Assizes 144 

Asserter  of  American  privileg.149 
Assembly  at  the  Liberty  Tree.  174 

Associators  of  Annapolis 181 

Assembly  Rooms  set  on  fire... .  800 

Asbury  M.  E.  Church 305 

Association,  W's.  B.  &  L 323 

Association,  Local  Lnproveme325 

Aston,  William 166 

Atchison,  David 168 

Attendance,  members  of  corp.336 
Attempt  of  R.  Clarke,  to  burn 

Annapolis 81 

Attempt  upon  Town  of  Anna.  82 

Attainder  of  R.  Clarke 84 

Attainder,  act  of  R.  Clarke. ...  85 
Attachments  stayed  at  fairs.. .  90 
Athens.  The,  of  America 145 


INDEX. 


349' 


Attacks  of  the  Gazette 151 

Attack  on  the  Chesapeake 236 

Attack  on  Marshal  Frey 318 

Attainder,  bill  of 55 


Authorities  alarm'd  at  couvictsll? 
Authority  to  make  constables.  89 
Aurora  borealis,  at  Annapolis. 109 
Aunt  Lucy  Smith's  House 308 


B 


Banks,  Lieut.  Richard 25 

Battle  of  the  Severn 33,  332 

Barber,  Dr.  Luke 34 

Barbarous  and  cruel  manner. .  55 
Battle  Creek,   caiiital   remov- 
ed to 56 

Bachelors  taxed  71 

Barber.  Mr.  Wm 78 

Baldwin,  John 87-97 

Baltimore  county,   member  of 

Port  of  Annapolis 90 

Baldwin ,  Catherine 97 

Barrett,  .James,  executed 103 

Baltimoreans  advertise  in  An- 
napolis newspaper 109 

Balto.  growing  importance.. ..Ill 

Bay,  Ferrv.  across 112 

Baldwin,  Mrs.,  disc.,  aged  100.113 

Ball  at  Slate  Ho;i;?o 131 

Balls  in  Annapolis 1 10 

Balls  discontinued  during  Rev.140 

Bacon,  Lieut 180 

Balto.  Co..  lands  in. 160 

Baltimore  Town. ...130,  103,182 
Banishment,  ordered  into. . . .  .179 

Bay  frozen 134 

Baron,  Steuben .  .203 

Barney.  .Jo.shua 203 

Barbecue,  first 225 

Barber.  .John 228 

Banquet  to  Wm.  Pinkney 200 

Ball,  rich  and  elegant 342 

Baltimore,  House 244 

Baltimore 244,  245,  254 

Basis  oi  representation 245 

Bagot.  Hon .  Henry  253 

Bassford,  Mr 253 

Bache,  Lieut ..254 

Barber.  John  T 25o-G 

Baldwin,  Wm.  P 257 

Baldwin,  Mrs.  aged  100 3G4 

Baldwin,  Hester 364 

Baldwip ,  Mrs.  Ann .364 

Bancroft,  Geo.  historian.  .3C4-5-6 
Baltin^ov-jans  reply  with  stones 

and  pistols 370 

Barrall,  Edward,  shot 271 


Baltimore,  a  rival  for 398 

Bayly,  Richard  P 300 

Basil,,!.  S.M 305 

Bates,  Willy 305 

Ball  room 305 

Barracks  of  Salvation  Army... 306 

Barber,  John  T.,  estate  of 307 

Barbers  and  Sundt-y  work 314 

Base  ball  in  Annanolis 315 

Barnard,  Hy.,  L."L.  D 315 

Bartlett,  Mrs.  Lieut 320 

Bay  Ridge,  openin?^  of 333 

Bayard,  Thoma.s  Fi 334 

Barnes,  James 167 

Barber,  Chas 167 

Ball,  John 167 

Ball,  Samuel 167 

Bassiord.  Jacoij 361 

Baltimore,  Town  of 191 

Barnard,  Dr.  Henry 314 

Belles,  of  Annapolis 140 

Bedstead  in  which  Washing- 
ton slept 301 

Bellis,  Roger.  Capt 399 

Bellis.  Wm.  IL,  Corporal. . .  .399 

Belt.  Tliomas,  the  third 170 

Bennett,  Richard.. 18,19.35,39,46 

Bennett,  Edward 19 

Beniiett,  Rev.  VZilliam 19 

Bennett  and  CiailDorne.So,  i7,38,56 
Bennett,  Gov.  of  Virginia. ...  35 

Bennett,  Hon.  Richra-d 26 

Beard,  Ri ..43,49 

Between  the  dirierenees,  Tru- 
man escr.pe 55 

Bennett,  Mr.  *  Jolia 63 

Beard,  Mr.  R.,  plat  of  Annap.  64 
Bell  and  belfry  in  St.  Anne's  69 

Beall,  John.. -....70,71 

Beall,  Benj 71 

Bennett,  John 71 

Bell  of  St.  Anno's  tolls  its  re- 


quiem. 


75 

Bellis,  Joseph  H.,  translates 
epitaph ' 76 

Bell  given  by  Queen  Anne 
burned 77 


350 


INDEX. 


Beauty  of  the  scenery  of  A..  81 

Beard,  Nath 87 

Beaid,  E.,  jilat  of,  burned....  97 

Bevan,  Thomas 117 

Beauty  of  American  women.. .  141 
Beauties  of  Autumnal  Months.141 
Bel.-^lii'zzer  &  Jo.se nh,  Cantatas 

of ' 148 

Bewitching     of    the    Lovely 

Xancy. .  ^ 158 

Bell  of  St.  Anne's '•■)8 

Beard,  Charles '-0 

Beall,  Ephraim 248 

Bellis.    Roger,   loses   leg     at 

Gettysburg 311 

Bender,  (jeo..  conductor 320 

Bills  of  credit,  to  build  State 

House .....120 

Birth  annoiiijccd 137-8 

iiirth  of  Dauv'hia  celebrated..  194 
Birthday  of  Washington  cele- 
brated  2-22 

Birth  of  Cbas.  Carroll,  of  Car- 

rolltoii 275 

Bigelow.  W.  0 31G 

Bitrtrrr,  John 78 

Biit!;day  of  Queen  Caroline. . .  95 

Biblr' Reading 101 

Birthday  of  Liord  Baltimore. ..119 
Birthday  of  King,  celebrated.119 

Bloclv  fellows 32 

Blun;',  Mr.  Rii^hard ; . . .  40 

Bland,  Thomas 68 

HlftcListon.  Gov ^... m 

Blad-in.  Mr.  Wm 09 

Kkden,  Mr.    Wra.,  architect 

of  second  State  House. ...  80 

filadtm.  Wm 19,  80,  88 

f5lftsphemy,  Bovis  P.  tried  for.  113 

gla'ien,  Guv.  Thomas 104 

pUiden.  Got.  Thos.,  speech  of.  104 
gladc-n,  Got.  and  Legislature.  104 
fjladtia,  Got.,  called  to  acct.  .105 
Blixdm,  Thos.  Esq.,  Gor.. ,  ..137 
Blockade  of  Aimapolis. ......  187 

filadoa,  Gov ,98,  308 

Bladen,  Thomas,  Bsa 30* 

Blue  Light  vs.  Blue  Light. .  .S37 

Bloodless  Revolution 214 

Blair,  Mr.  Ed.  of  the  Glol>c. .  .963 

Bla'-d,  Theodoric 239,  273 

Blake,  Capt.  comdu't  of  N.  A.291 

Bladen,  Thomas 97,  302 

Bland,  Chanceller,  Theo(Joric.307 


Boardley,  Wm...., 86-88 

Bond  of  Naval  Officers 107 

Bohemia  River 117 

Boarl  of  Public  Works. . .    .  .162 

Boston,  resolutions  about 165 

Boston,  sympathy  for 168 

Bodkin,  The 178 

Bodkin  Point 191 

Bord^ey,  Stephen,  Esq 209 

Boyce.  James . .  227 

Bowie,  Capt.,  Mounted  Riflem240 

Boast  much  of  power 32 

Bordler,  Danid.. 71 

Bouchor,  rector  of  St.  Anne's.  75 

Boothby,  Edward 78 

Bowie?,  Mrs.  Rebecca 95 


B 


•ho  re 


h 


Uyn. 


Boesseii,  Ohi-i-jtian. 


95 
....109 
118,  303 
collection  forlSO 

, 128 

236 

dress  to 

241 

253 

258 

365 
382 
305 
308 
30§ 
311 


Officers.., 


Bonsall,  M 
Bowl,  a  no 
Bovle.  Ed. 

Boiid,  A.  S....... 313 

BoFie.  A.  E.,  visit  of 316 

Bou&ill.  Ilobt.  P.,  death  of .  ..318 

Bwrnd^irios  of  Annapolis 334 

Bostsall.  Mrs.  Eliza,  (Note.).. 225 
British  sloop  aground ....... .234 

Brooke,  Robert 33 

Braves  of  raising  the  country.  83 
Brook?,.   Mrs.     convicted    of 

slander , . . ,  47 

Bretton,  Wm.  clerk. .  49 

Brick  clar  discovered  noar  A.  63 

Brjoks,  Mr.  iipchael 44 

Bridewell,   or    IIousc  of  Oor.  64 
Bray,  Dr.  Rev.  appointed  com- 
missioner  65 

Brown,  William..., .68 

Biick  school  house 78 

Bradley,  Mr.  Robert 82 

Brereton,  Thomas 84 

Brice.  John 87 

B ,  John  87 


INDEX. 


351 


Eriscoe,  J.  burned  iu  the  hand. 103 
Bretoa,  Cape,  garrison  at....  105 

Britannia,  ship Ill 

Broad  Creek,  Kent  Island.  ...112 
Brevity  of  account  of  execu- 
tion  113 

Bravery  of  a  servant 117 

Brown,  John,  executed 118 

Bristol,  dies  aged  135 120 

Brooks,  .James 120 

Broomsti'.h  kills  a  man 121 

British  tr.ivilier 128 

Breach  of  promise  cases 138 

Brice,  James  F.,  148 

Brig  Lovf 'Y  Xaney 158 

British  so!    .is  quartered  uponl64 
Braddock.  t-ten.  in  Annapolis. .  160 

Bryan,  Charles 166 

Brown,  J'.:;a 167 

Brook-s  J;i- 167 

Browni'.i-    •'  167 

Braithw  .1G7 

British-  .-175 

Bnce.    ..  177, 

181. 
Bnce,    .:•  :  :  ;',  181, 

187.  ::?;}. 

British  1  .183,184 

British  :.  , 188 

Bravery  oops.. 188 

Brice.  '!-.■■■  195 

Brown,  .  222 

Brice,  r  226 

Brewer,  226 

Brewer,  i:  ...229 

Brewer.  ;;>.   -.-    i;..:,h......229 

Biice,  JoLl.  ■  f  '.  .i^fcix 229 

British  fire*  .'ir  ...onapolis 334 

British  hover  near  Annapolis.. 238 

Briee's,  Capt.  compMny 240 

Brown,  Sami.  Jr. .  t 256 

Bridges  over  the  Severn 257 

Brewer,  B.  B .259 

Brewer,  Nicholas. 263 

Brewer,  Nicholas,  Judge,  269,  270 

Brady,  John  W.  shot 271 

Brewer,  Dr.  Wm 273,313 

Brewer,  Nicholas,  of  John. . .  .280 
Brown,  Mr.  Joshua. 281,  304,  313 

Brown,  Geo.  Wm 289 

Brewer,  Julian,  Corporal 299 

Bryan,  Wm ,273,301,315 

Brewer,  voice  of  Judge 273 

Brewer,  Isaac 304,  313 


Brice,  Mrs.  James 307 

Bridge  over  the  Spa  313.  318,  324 

Brewer,  Nicholas '.310,  320 

Bradley,  Father  James 321 

Brewer,  Juian.,    325 

Bridges  leading  to  Annapolis. 342 

Brisk  trade  with  Indians 33 

Burgesses,  if  they  neglect  to 

send 33 

Burges,    Capt.   Wm.    put    in 

command 38 

Burges',  Capt.  instructions...  38 

Burgess,  Capt.  Wm. 39 

Burle,  Robert 49 

Burle,  Robert,  suspended  from 

house,  confesses  penitence 

for  slander  of  Lord  Balto.  49 
Building  of  State  House  in  A..  66 

Busy  times  in  Annapolis 08 

Burning  of  St.  Anne's 75 

Butler,  Ed,  i:c.  o"i:t.  Anne's  79 
Butler.  :  :.  W's. 

Sell  79 

Burniu:  81 

Bua's,  .  83 

Burning  "J  u.c  ;       ji  ;s 83 

Bukai-dike,  liichaivi 87 

Burge-ises   of  An:iapo'is  have 

half  wages. ,. S4 

Bull,  riding  upon 103 

Burnt  iu  the  hand,  J.  Briscoe.  103 

Burnt  to  death .  rrj^roes 103 

Bullen,  Joh"  "       115 

Bucknell,  M.  , 146 

Burdett ,. ..147 

Burlauu,  Richard. 1 G8 

Burt,  Richard , 168 

Bull,  Cou,stantine ";  168 

Burning  of  the  Peggy  Stowartl69, 

170, 

Burgess,  John 170,176 

Bulien,  John,  Capt 170 

Buchanan,  Robert. ..". 167 

BuUen,  John,  176,  177,  198,  338 
Burning  of  Gazette  Office. ...  184 

Bulien,  John,  Mayoi* 193 

Buckland,  Mr.  Benj. 224 

Burning  of  Alms-house 234 

Bullitt,  Thomas  1 235 

Burnclon,  Joseph. .  <> 239 

Bush,  Hy.  H. 363 

Buchanan,  Fied,  Commodore.366 
Buchanan's  prcclamatioa. . .  .283 
Butler,  Gen.  lands  troops  in  A. 385 


352 


INDEX. 


Butler,  B.  F.  letters  of  to  Gov.  Burnside's  expedition  rendez- 

Hicks,  291,  392,  293,  294,  395  vous  at  Annapolis 30a 

Butlerseizes  the  Constitution.  292  Buckland,  Mr 306 

Burning  of  Parsonage 304  By-Laws  of  Annapolis,  1746. ..109 

C 


Catholic  Proprietary 17 

Capt.    Stone's    invitation     to 

Puritans 26 

Captain  Wm.  Stone 38,  33 

Capt.  Claiborne 39 

Captains  and    Councillors  of 

Susquehannah 30 

Catholics  i)rohibited  from  vot.  31 
Capt.  Fuller  &  his  associates..  31 

Catholics  and  Puritans 31 

Capt.  Tilman,  Golden  Fortune  31 
Carried  away  tne  Records. . .  i  33 

Capt.  Stone 33,  36 

Capt.  Heamans 35 

Calvert  County 39 

Capt.  Burgess  to  make  war  on 

Indians 39 

Calvert,  Charles 39,  41 

Calvert.  Wm.  Esq 40,  41 

Catchpole,     Juditn,     charged 

with  murder 44 

Calvert,  once  called  Patuxeut.  44 
Catchpole,  Judith,  acquitted..  45 

Calvert,  Philip,  Esq 49 

Capital  removed  to  the  Eidge.  56 
Capital     removed     to    Battle 

Creek 56 

Capital  once  more  settled  at 

St.  Mary's 56 

Catholics 57 

Catholics,  people  of  St.  Maiy's  58 
Cattle,   lio^'s,    sheep    on  the 

common 63 

Carroll,  Mr., Ruth's  procurator  69 

Calvert,  Charles. 70 

Carroll,  Chas.  biirrister,  71,  161, 

168,  170,  176,  305. 

Camaliel,  Butler 73 

Card  playing,  dancing,  drink- 
ing   75 

Cabals  at  Annapolis S3 

Carroll,Mr 83 

Capital,  Annapolis,  C0ntn'd  as  86 

Carroll,  James 86,  97 

Carroll,  Chas.  Esq 95 

Caravan  to  York,  &c 100 

Capuchin  Friars 101 


Cain,  John 103 

Carroll,  Dr.  Chas.   103,  110,  113, 

117,  119,  160. 
Called  Session  of  Legislature..  104 

Cape  Breton,  Garrison  at 105 

Canoe,  pinnace  for 108 

Canada,  three  companies  go  to.  110 

Carroll,  Mrs.   Mary 112 

Campbell,     Capt.'s    Company 

act  cowardly 113 

Capture  of  the  Hopewell 113 

Carpenter,  Capt.  John 115 

Calico  horse  115 

Campbell,  Chas.  executed. . .  .118 

Carroll  and  Dulany 131 

Carroll.  Chas.  of  Carrollton.  .131, 

170,  173,  176,  18-1,  305,  210,. 

233,  256,  304,  305,  310. 
Cajjital  customs  &  characters.  133 
Oantat:is  oL    Belshazzer    and 

Joseph 148 

Capt.   Montague  and  the  de- 
serter  157 

Calvert  family 160 

Carroll,  Chas 168,  171,  233. 

Carroll,   Chas.   of  Carrollton, 

Esq 176 

Campbell,  Colin 167 

Carroll,   Chas.  of   Carrollton, 

proposes  to  burn  Peggy 

Stewart 174 

Campbell,  John 177,  181 

Capital  of  the  U.  8 198 

Capital  of  U.  S.  temporarily  at 

Annapolis 300 

Carroll,  Daniel 300 

Carroll,  Rev.  John 209 

Carr,  John  Addison  310 

CarroU,  Nicholas.  ...23;i,  326,  238 

Campbell 333 

Caton,  Charles 332 

Caton,  Wm 334,  326,  239,  306 

Carston,  Thomas 234 

Carroll,  James 339 

Caton's  Tavern 330,  231 

Carbury,  Col 234 

Calvert,  G 23C?. 


INDEX. 


Calm  at  Annapolis 249 

Caton's  Hotel,  City 254 

Capital,  effort  to  remove 2o4 

Carroll  Thomas  H..255,  257,  258 

Canning,   Stratford 256 

Carr,  Arthur 257 

Caucus  party 258 

Canal  Company  A.  &.  P 2(50 

Carroll,  Chas.  moraento  to  . .  .2G3 

Cast  loose,  the  Jewess 270 

Calumny  against  Judge  Brewer272 

Caldwell.  D.  C 27:3 

Caulk,  Daniel.   27o 

Canoe  of  Indians  disappears... 274 
Carroll,   Chas.    of  Carrollton, 

born  at  Annapolis 270 

Carroll,  Chas.  millions  of .    . .  .275 
Carroll,  Chas. removes  to  Balto.27() 

Cameron,  Simon 285,  28(i 

Calvert,  Chas.  B.'. 299 

Camp  Parole 300 

Catholic  Church,  St.  Marv's...304 

easier,  M.  R 805,  316 

Carroll,  Mrs.  Nicholas 308 

Cadet  vacancy  offered  for  sale. 318 
Carl,  Christopher,  foreman.. ..319 

Catholic  Priests  drowned 321 

Cecilins,  Lord  Baltimore 62 

Centre  of  Province 62 

Century  oU,  Annapolis,  a. . .  .108 
Celebration  of  King's  anniver- 
sary   137 

Celebration  of  taking  of  Quebecl  39 
Celebration  ou  Treaty  of  Peace  194 

Celebration  of  Peace 221 

Celebration    of  Washington's 

Birthday 222 

Celebration  over  Peace 239 

Cemeteries,  puVjlic 342 

Churchmen  of  Virginia   17 

Chandler,  Job 25-28 

Chesapeake,  Bay  of.* 29 

Charge  fierce,  but  brief 36 

Charles  1 24 

Chandler,   Mayor 36 

Charles  county 39 

Chase,  J.  T 203 

Chandler,  I.,  a  goldsmith 220 

Chesapeake 191 

Chinese  cure  alls,  criticism  of.  100 
Chancellor    sent   to   acquaint 
L.   H  51 

23 


Chriterson,  Wenlock  ...     ...  43 

Church,  Lower  House  ready  to 

build 08 

Charter  wanted  by  Annap.  ...  86 

Charter  of  A.  granted 87 

Charter  of  the  City  of  An. . . .  87 
Charter  of  Annap.  affirmed....  98 
Charter,  act  of  Assembly  on...  93 
Chronicles  of    Annapolis   1707 

to  1740 96 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from 

1746  to  1774 109 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis,  from 

1777  to  1810 220 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis,  1810 

to  1839 253 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from 

1845  to  1847 273 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from 

1860  to  1861 280 

Chronicles  of  Annapolis  from 

1863  to  1887 311 

Church  Circle 97 

Chinese  stones  and  powder. . .  .100 

Cheap  Indulgencies 101 

Character  of  the  education 102 

Church,  the 108 

Chapel  and  Church 108 

Church  of  England 108 

Changes  Spiritual 108 

Chew,  Lieut.  Jos 112 

Chester,  ship 116 

Chew,  Capt 118 

Characters  and  customs  of  the 

capital 122 

Change  in  gentlemen's  dress...  125 

Chestertown 126 

Chimneys,  windows,  cornices.  129 

Chester  Town ...  .  146 

Chase,  Samuel 149-198 

Church  on  north  side  of  Severnl57 

Church  on  Severn  burned 157 

Church  St.,  cove  up 157 

Chase,  Samuel,  Esq 158 

Chase,  Sam'1....165,  168,  170,  176 
Chipchase.  Thomas,  batcher.  .175 
Channell,  between  Horn  Point 

and  Greenbury's 177 

Chesapeake  frozen 184 

Chase,  Jeremiah 187 

Chase,  Judge  Sam'l.,  befriends 

Pinknev 231 


354 


INDEX. 


Chalmers,  John 198.  199 

Chase,  Jeremiah  T 223 

Chapman,  Hy.  H 22G 

Chase,  Jeremiah  T...22(>,  239,  306 

Chesapeake  attack  on 22'i 

Charter  of  Annapolis  altered .  23U 

Chandler,  Jehu '. 233    Claiborne 

Chandler,    Mr.,  Editor   of  the  Clailiorne 


City  Hotel 201.  29!).  30.> 

City  Tavern 30(> 

Civil  War.  election  duriuir 310 

City  Hall 313 

Citizens  iiii  pressed 314 

City  (Toveruinentof  Annapolis. 315 

"   "  \Vm 2(; 

Col.  William 3« 


RepiiMican 337 

(Jhandler  and  Watkins  fight.  .238 
Chauncey ,  Commodore 2.53 


Claiborne.  Capt.. 39 

Clerk  of  lIou.se  of  Delei^ates...  <}(j 
Clasrarett.  Mr.  Richard 70 


(Changing charter.... 2.'».")    t^larke,  Rieliard.  to  burn  A 


Chandler,  Jehu,  death  of 2.5(i 

Chase,  Jeremiah  Townley 2G0 

(Jhase,  Mrs.  Jeremiah  Townley2t)4 

'Jhase,  Mrs.  Sam'l '.2(i4 

Chauvelt,  Prof 2(>») 

Chase.  R.  M.,  dwelling  of 20(5 

Chase,  Miss  Hester 273 

Chesapeake.  The 274 

Cheers  of  Naval  Academy  bat- 
talion  282 

Chaney,  Andrew  E 284 

Chase  Mansion,  The 306 

Chase,  Miss  Hester  Ann 306 

Chase.  Sam'l.,  Judge 306 

Chandler,  Jehu 308,  324 

Chase,  Capt.  Stephen 310 

Chandler.  Jehu 324 

Chapel  First,  in  Md 333    Clubs,  gelastic  law  in 

Charter,  The,  of  Annapolis...  .334    Ciub-;.  ancieiit  doings  of 
Charter,  City's,  amendment  to.342 

Chalmers,  John 167 

Chamliers,  William 1 68 

Chew,  Samuel 170-176 

City    of  Annapolis  Charter  of.  87 
Cities  right  to  erect 92 

Citizens  of  Long  Island  mob 
Hood 150 

Citizens     killed     by     British 
soldiers 164 

Citizens  for  Military  Cc/mp's...l69 

Citizens  desert  Annapolis 175 

Citizens  ordered  into  banish- 
ment  179 

Citizens  of  Annapolis  uphold 
credit  of  province 187 

Cincinnati,  Society  of liJ6 

City  Hotel  invaded 36!* 

City  Election 373 

Citizen,  The  First 175 

Civil  War,  opening  of 281 

Citizens  meeting  on  the  Union. 284 

Civil  rights  encroached  upon. 299 


81 

83 
83 
83 


Clarke's  Ricuard,  crime  cry. 
Clerk,  Mr.  Richard  Dallam'.. 
Clarke's  wife  the  disijurser. ... 
(,'larke"s.    Richard,      personal 

appi'Mraiioe 83 

Clark,  attainder  of 83 

Clarke's  accomplices 83 

Clarke,  Rieliard,  attainder  of.   84 
Clarke,  Richard,  probably  not 

executed 85 

Clerk,  Council,  W.  Bladen....   87 
Clouds.  Nicholas,  keeps  boats.  113 

Collier.  John '. 19 

Clergymen  of  culture 127 

Clubs  no  new  thing  in  Aui.ai)..l3l 

Clubs   in  session 131 

Clubs,  Anniversaries  of 134 

135 
136 

Claude,  Altraham.  Mr 149 

Clatide, .Iciseph, arch't  killed...  163 

Clapham.  John 167,  l90 

Claims  of   .St.  Johns,    settle- 
ment of 214 

Clarke.  Wm.  stage  route 231 

Clarke.  Charles 223 

Clarke,  Joseph 329 

Claude,  Dr.   D.253,  -.^54.  355,  358, 
360.  261,  384,  297 

Clande,  Dr.  Aftram 273 

Claude.  William  Tell 373,  311 

Clayton.  P.  C 273 

Clavton.  Captain 382 

Clehun,  Rev.   Mr 384 

Clayton,  Philip 261.304 

Claude,  Dr.  Dennis,  death  of. ..311 
Claude.  Dr.  Abram.  Mayor.. ..312 
Clayton,  Mr.  Louis  S.  store  of-.319 

Classens,  Father  Louis 331 

Clayton,  U'm 167 

Clarke,  James 168 

Congregational  Church 17 


INDEX. 


■',"1 


Conventicle  Vjrokeu  up. 17 

Couiity Xeck IS 

C'oin[)any  of   I'ufitaii? 19 

(,'ox,  James 21 

Cox,  James,  made  Speaker  of. 

the  House 21 

Catlyn.  Henry 21 

Commander  to  grant  land  war- 
rants    22 

Colony  mentioned   in  the  in- 
structions   24 

(Commissioners  of     Md.  came 

with  armed  force 25 

Commissioners  revisit    Mary- 
land   25 

(.commissioners  of  the  Commou- 

w-alth 20 

CVjpy  of  treaty  made  on  Severn.  29 
(Commissioners  counsel  oliedie.  27 
(Council  of  State  in  Knglaud....  28 
( ■onucil  unwilling  to  trust  Tay- 

lard 85 

Corporation  of  Annajtolis.  peti- 
tion of SO 

(-'Oramon  Couiicilmen  of  Anna.   87 
Confirm  Baho's  patent  to  him.  82 
(Colonists  to  give  notice  of  in- 
tended war 80 

Commissioners    appointed  for 

Maryland 80 

Coursey.   Mr 34 

(Jole.  Josias,  bondsman  for  Mr. 

;  Thurston 88 

Colonial  Life -10 

Courts,  Records  from    40 

Cowman,  John,    pardoned    of 

witchcraft 42 

Courageous  spirit  of  Maryland 

setters 50 

Conquests,  His  Majesty  power 

todispose  of 51 

Conquered  people  likened 51 

Commissioners  of  Proctors 52 

(commissioners  reappointed  in 

1G94 , 54 

Coode,  John,  leader  of  the  A»- 

sociation 57 

Convention  held  by  Coode  and 

others 57 

Copley,  Sir  Lionel,  first   royal 

Governor 57 

Copley  convenes  the  Legisla- 
ture  ^. 57 

Commissioners  of  1694 ()2 


Corporation  of  St.  Mary's  peti- 
tion   57 

Col.  Nicholson  has  done  his  en- 
deavor    58 

(Jopley,  Gov.  enters  upon   his 

d  uties (iO 

(Jo;i(Ch.  or  caravan,  to  be  pro- 
vided   (iO 

Common,  the  Town 08 

Cornhill  Street 04 

(.Commissioners  of  A.,  to  make 

by-laws <i4 

(.!onnuittee  to  build  church  at 

Annapolis 05 

(Julljach.  Joseph,  of   All  Hal- 
lows   00 

County  clerk  to  keep  the  county 

records  in 0() 

Committee  Room (il 

(Joney,  ]\Ir.  to  read  prayers  be- 
fore the  House 07 

(Joney.  Peregrine,  master  of  K. 

W's.  School 08 

Coney,    Peregrine,   rector  St. 

Anne's 08 

Coney,   Rev.  Peregrine,  a  de- 

fendent 00 

Coney,  Mr.  has  the  confidence 

of  Governor 09 

Coney's.  Rev.  Peregrine,  serm.  09 

Cole.  Charles, 71 

Conden,  Robert 71 

Cost  8f  St.  Anne's  in  1792 75 

Communion  vessels 77 

(Jouncil  of  the  Province 78 

Coney,  Rev,   Peregrine 78 

Coursey.  Henry 78 

Coiinnittee    report    old  walls 

good SO 

Court  House SO 

Council  Chamber 81 

Contee,  Col.  Richard 82 

Conspiracy 82 

(^Counterfeit  money 82 

(,'ooper 88 

County  pardon 88 

(Jommon  Council  to  be  t^n  per- 
sons   89 

(Constables,  authority  to  make  89 
(Common  Councilmen  of  Aniiap  89 

(Jourte  of  Pypo wdry 90 

Court  of  Record 9l 

Cook,  Eden,  gent 9l 

Complaints  from  Annapolis....  92 


356 


INDEX. 


Courts  to  continue  in  AnHapo.  98 

Corporation  of  Annapolis 96 

Counties,  schools  in 97 

Colebatch,  Rev.  Mr.  Jos 97 

Compilation  of  Laws 97 

Coaimun.  Romish,  persons  of  .103 
Controversy  between  Governor 

Bladen  and  Legislature. ..104 
Corporation  by-laws  of  1740...  109 
Companies,  three,  go  to  CanadallO 

Convoy,  fleet  under Ill 

Cole,  Capt.  German Ill 

Coulter,  Capt Ill 

Council  House,  villians  broke 

into Ill 

Cowardice  of  Capt.  Campbell's 

company H'^ 

Coulborn,  Capt 113 

Cornish,  Thomas,  Capt 114-115 

Court  of  Admiralty  at  Annua.  114 
Convicts  arrive  at  Annapolis.  116 

Conncts  commit    crimes 116 

Cole,  Charles,  robbed 117 

Conner,  John,  convict 117 

Courteous  convict 117 

Convicts,  authorities  alarmed.  117 
Court  House  struck  by  light- 
ning  119 

Collection  for  sufferers  in  Bos.  120 

Colonial  Society,  ranks  of 126 

Colonial  mansions 128 

Cornices,  windows,  chimneys...  129 

Coffee  House,  Annapolis 130 

Cole,  Mr.  Charles 133-134 

Conundrums  of  Tuesday  club..  135 
Courage  of  the  Mary  landers...  143 
Commission,     description     by 

Naval,  of  Annapolis 145 

I'orapany  of   comedians  from 

Va.*. 140 

Comedians,     American     com- 
pany of 147 

Courtesy  of  Governor  Eden....  152 
Convention  of  Maryland. 176,  154, 

222 
Claiborne,  Secretary  ofVa...  52 

Committee  of  safety 155 

Congress  urges  Gov.    Eden's 

seizure 155 

Confiscation    of   Gov.   Eden's 

property 157 

Cove  up  Church  St 157 

Col.  Plater's  Grey  Stallion 159 

Coxen,  Nicholas,  Capt 159 


Companies  from  Anna,  against 

French 160 

Corner  stone  of  State  House. ..161 

Convention  of  five  States 163 

Court  of  Appeals 163 

Committee  of  the  Provin-;'?...  .168 

Convention 169 

Correspondence,     private    ex- 
amined    175 

Committee  of  observation. 176,  178 
Council  of  safety  177,.  178, 179,181, 

182. 
Consternation  in  Annapolis...  .177 

Count  Pulaski's  legion 184 

Congress  orders  a  monument 

toDeKalb 186 

Count  Rochambeau 194 

Continental  currency 200 

Congress  settles  seat  of  govern- 
ment  200 

Council  of  State,  address  of,  to 

Washington 203 

Council  of  State,  Washington's 

reply  to 202 

Congress 206 

College,  St.  John's 208 

College,  Washington 208 

Commencement,   first   of    St. 

John's 210 

Condition  of  grant  to  St  John's. 209 

Connell,  John,  Mr 212 

College,  Presid't,  of  St.  John's. 213 
College  seized  by  government. 2 14 
Correspondeiice   of    Washing- 
ton, alx)ut  St.  John's  Col- 
lege  219 

College,  St.  John's,  and  Wash. 219 

Court  of  Appeals 220 

Col.  Mills, 221 

Commerce  of  Annapolis 222 

Cockey,  Edward 222 

Coates,  John 223 

Coats,  Thomas 224 

Counterfeits  on  Farmers  Bank. 227 

Court  of  Hivstings 228,  230 

Counden,  Robert 168,  228 

Corporation,  election 335 

Corporation  of  Annapolis,  pow- 
ers of 336 

Contents 9 

Competent  witnesses 341 

Construction  of  roads  to  Anna. 342 
Construction  of  bridges  to  An.  342 
Cooke,  William 160 


INDEX. 


35? 


Conner,  M.  W 261 

Committee    of    Public  Safety 

meeting 397 

Company  of  secession  youths... 297 
Confederate  prisoners  in  Anna299 

College  Green 302 

Colton,  Luther  F 306,  324 

College  Campus,  poplar  on 308 

College  of  Electors 245 

Correspondence  of   Elector. ..245, 

246,  247 

Corncracker ,  Jenny 252 

Cooke,  Geo.  Frederick 253 

Company  of  Pennsylvanians...253 
Colonization  of  free  colored... 254 
Conflict  bet.  State  and  U.  S.  .255 
Court  House  in  Annapolis. . .  .256 

Cowman,  Richard 272 

Contest  of  i860 281 

Contee,  John 283 

Correspondence  of  Gov.  Hicks 

and  Government 285 

Constitution  seized  by  Butler.. 292 
Collation  given  by  Lloyd  Du- 

lany 309-310 

Counter  of  Old  City  Hotel 309 

College,  St.  .John's 312 

Colored  people  enlisted 313 

Convention  of  1864 313 

Constitution  of  1864 313 

Colton,  Geo 316,  324 

Collector  and  Treasurer  of  An. 320 

Cromwell,  Nathan 222 

Crowder,  Elizabeth,  servant.. 261 
Cromwell    and   the  American 

plantations 24 

CromweU's  elevation,  view  of.  27 

Cromwell's  two  letters 32 

Cromwell 34 

Cry  of  St.  Mary's  men 36 

Cry  of  Puritans 36 

Creek  up  King  Geo.  St.. (note)  64 


Cropped  negro '  s  ear 95 

Crowder,  Elizabeth 1 00 

Criticism  of  Chinese  cure  all...  101 

Cruelties  upon  criminals 102 

Criminals,  cruelties  upon 102 

Croftis,  Capt 110 

Cregh,  Capt Ill 

Cralas,  terrapins,   canvas-back 

ducks 127 

Crabb,  Richard  J 260-261 

Cried  the  hours 325 

Crinnig,    David 168 

Cross,  .Joshua 168 

Commission  to  Edward  Lloyd.  21 
Commissioners  of  Anne  Arun.   21 

Cuts,  Capt 35 

Curate  of  St.  James 72 

Custom  House,  lot  for 98 

Culture  and  refinement 109 

Cuffee     executed     for     horse 

stealing / 116 

Cumberford,   Mrs.,  stabbed  to 

death 120 

Curious  items  published 121 

Customs  and  characters  of  the 

capital 122 

Customs  of  the  times,  1765...   124 

Culture,  clergymen  of 127 

Custom  house  of  Annapolis... .  130 

Curious  Executioners 138 

Carran,  Mr.   Philip 212 

Custis,  Geo.  W.  Parke 220 

Curran,  William  B 263 

Curtain,  Gov.  A.,  of  Pa 295 

Curfew-bell  in   A 325 

Customs  of  Indians 334 

Crawford,    James,    killed    by 

lightning 67 

Crawford.  James 78 

Crime  of  Richard  Clarke 83 

Crowley.  Charles 86 


D 


Davis,  George  Lyiiu  Lacklin. .  18 
Davenant,     Wm.      appointed 

Governor 24 

Darrington,  Wm 45 

Davis,  Caleb 71 

Davis,  .John 71 

Dark  day  for  St.  Anne's 75 

Daken,  Isaac,    Master  of  K. 

William's  School 80 


Dallam,  Mr.  Rich.  Clerk 83 

Damnat'n,  inquisit'n,  flames. .  101 

Dancing  and  Fencing 126 

Darby 147 

Davidson,  John. 170, 198,  199,230 
Dartmouth  College  decision  in. 213 

Dance,  Thomas 224 

Davis.  Thomas 226 

Dalziell,  Thomas 229 


358 


INDEX. 


Davidson,  Lieut 242 

Davis.  E.  A.  Mr 269,  273 

Davis.  John  M 273 

Davis,  William 273 

Davenport,  Rev.  Mr 284 

Davidson,  Mrs.  sent  across  line. 312 

Davidson,  Lieut.  Hunter 312 

Danenhower,  Lieut.  John  AY. 321 

Davis,  Saml 324 

Davis,  Benj 170 

Dead  bodies  floating  in  dock..  120 

Delegates  in  the  province 143 

Devotees  of  fashion 144 

Description  ot  A.,    Iiy   Xaval 

C'onnnission 14." 

Departure  of   Gov.    Eden   re- 
quired  15o 

])eparture  of  Gov.  Eden 1~)0 

Desertion  of  a  soldier 1  •")7 

De  Lancy,  of  New  York KiU 

Declaration  of  Independence. ..104 

Delegates  to  Congress 109 

Declaration  of  Maryland IsQ 

Delegates.  Declaration  of ISO 

De  Kallvs  death lS(j 

Deye,  ThomasC 197 

Dedication  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege  209 

Detargny.  Mr.  Marin 212 

Decision,  Dartmouth  College... 21 3 

Denning,  James 224 

Denning,  Robert 22.") 

Democrats 244.  2.50 

Delegates  to  the  Hou.se 250 

Democrats  of  Anne  Arundel.  .301 

Dennis,  Rev.  Alex 305 

Demidorf,  Russi'n  sjiilor,  killod312 

Development  of  ills 31 4 

Decoration,  Joint  of  graves,...3!5 

Deale.  Ja^ues,  of  Jas 315 

Detective  Shaffer 318 

Description  of  natives  of  Md. .  33i 

Devenith,   Wm 167 

Descended     from    the     hardy 

stock 19 

Desperate  and  bloody  fellows.   32 

Declaration  of  Gov.  Stone 34 

Deputys   of  Calvert 44 

Deputys   of  Anne  Arnndel...   44 
Delegates  constrained  to  com- 
plain   54 

Designation  of  rooms  in  State 

House 60 

Denton,   Vachel 70,  98 


Dent.  William 78 

De  Kalb  Statue 78,  186,  324 

Designs,  givat  and  dangerous.  83 

Devall,  .John 83 

Delegates,  two  from  Annaj)....  85 
Delegates,  none  from  Annap...  85 
Delegate,  one  from  Anna[polis.  85 

Delegates,  Annapolis  wants 86 

Delegates,  mode  electing 86 

Delegates,  estate  of 89 

Description  of  Annapolis 92 

Delegates,  from  Anna,  denied.  92 

Debtors  in  -lail 98 

Deptford.  procession  at 101 

Delegates  of  Annapolis 103 

Displeasure  of  Charles  II 24 

Dislionorof  Almighty  God 54 

Dissohition  of  As.seml>ly 93 

Dimensions  of  the  Gazette 98 

Di.si)ute  between  Gov,    Bladen 

and  Legislature 105 

Di.spute  between   Dulanv   and 

Carroll ' 131 

Discussion  of  ladies  dress 12(> 

Division  amongst  the  colonistsl55 
Dinwiddle.  Gov.  in  Anmip....l60 
Dimensions  of  the  State  llousel03 
Dinner  to  Washington.  ...192,  203 

205,  21 S. 

Diggs,   George 209 

Diliiculty  to  secure  meeting. ..209 
Dissipat'n  alleged  at  St.  J  oh  s.211 
Disajjpearance  of   the  Ancient 

Regime 328 

Dissensions,   interna! 234 

Disloyalty,  on  election  day. .  .311 

Devins.  H.  T.  Conductor 330 

I)isa.strous  Accident,  A 331 

Docum'sand  records  removed.  56 
Dorsey,  Major,  EdwaM.(i3,  04,  302 

Dorsey,  Mr.  -lolm 63 

Dorsey,  Ed  ward ,  fined 69 

Dorsey,  Edward 78 

Donations  to  free  schools 78 

Donera,  Tho 87 

Doctor  Street 97 

Donnahoe,    drowned 114 

Dock,  dead  bodies  floating  in.  130 

Dobinton.  Ralph 121 

Dobbins,  Capt.  .Tames 126 

Dorsey,  Mr.  Speaker,  of  club. ..136 
Doings  of  the  ancient  clubs...  .136 

Dogworthy,  Capt 160 

Dome  of  State  House  added....  161 


INDEX. 


359 


porsey.  Thomas 16S,  170,  176 

Dooly's,  ('apt.  company 240 

Dooly.  Capt ". S43 

Dorsey ,  Thomas  B 256 

Dowlin,  P..  foreman 320 

Dolman .  Jacob  V.  Capt 320 

Dove,  The.  (Note,) 338 

Donaldson,  John 167 

Dogan,  Edward 167 

Dowson,  Joseph 168 

Dorsey,  Philip 170 

Dorsey,  Ely,  Sir 170 

Dorsey,    Caleb 170,170 

Dorsey.  John,  son  of  Michael.  17() 

Dorsey,  Daniel 261 

Drunkenness,  Swearing,  False 

Reports 31 

Draper.  Lawrence 68 

Drollery,  acrnrs  ])layed  with. ..102 

Drew  lots  who  should  kill 102 

Drinking  pretender's  health...  110 
Drowning    of   Vickers,    Fish, 

Doimahoe 1 14 

Dress  of   the  times,  1765 124 

Dress,  gentleman's,  change  in.lJ5 

Dress,  ladies,   discussed 126 

Dress,    heirlooms 127 

Drinking  of  pretender's  healtli 

punished 137 

Drama ])atronized  by  Governor 

Eden .■ 140 

Dramas 146 

Drama  poorly  .-sustained 1 48 

Dreadful,  dismal.    &c 151 

Drowning    of     Rev,    Thomas 

Robinson 272 

Dressel.  John 305 

Drowning  of  (Jatholic    Prit>sts 

and  Students.  321 

Durand.  Mr 17 

Durand.  ^Ir.  William... 31,  32,  87 

Durand,  Wm.  Secretary -''3 

Durand,  Wm.    makes  requisi- 
tion     34 

Duff,  Simon   71 

Dulany,  Daniel,  quarrel  with.   72 
Durand's  place ••6 


Each  settler  receiving  one  lot  18 
Early   Kidgelys,  first  settled.    10 
Earthquake    in   Annapolis   in 
1755 118 


Dulany,  Esq.,  Daniel 98 

Dulany,  Walter,  103, 115, 118, 120 
15'9. 

Dulany,  Miss  Margaret 112 

Dulany,   Walter,     discharged 

from  Legislature "...'.  16 

Dulany,  Hon.  Daniel 118 

Duniap,  Capt.  drowns  himself.121 

Dulany  and  Carroll 121 

Dulany' s  opinion 127 

Duties  of  a  servant 131 

Dunmore,  Lord 155 

Dulany,  Daniel 161 

Dulany,  Lloyd 166 

Duckett,  John,  clerk 160 

Duekett,  Mr.  John,  172,  174,  181 
182. 

Dual  government 175 

Duvall,  Gabriel 175 

Dnvall,  G 176 

Du  Buysson,  Col 186 

Duke,  Mr 212 

Dunning,    Dennis 222 

Dunn,  Patrick 222 

Duvall.  Lewis.. 225.  226,  263,  257 

Duvall,  Capt 227 

Duvall,  Washington 248 

Duvall,  Lewis,  Mayor 255-7 

Duvall,  Hy 255 

iHivall,  J.W 258 

Dupont 266 

Dulanvs.The 267 

Dulanv.  Dan'l.,  l)orn  at  An. ..278 

Duvall,  John 301 

Duvall.  Richard  J 302 

Duff,  Mr.,  the  architect 302 

Duniap,  Rev.  Mr 304 

Dulany.  Mr.  Lloyd _.  .305 

Dulany,  Lloyd,  collation  giv- 
en by....: 309,  310 

Duvall,  Geo.  M 311 

Dulany,   Lloyd 166 

Dulany,  Daniel  of  Walter 167 

Ihilanv.  Daniel   of   Dan 168 

Duvali,  Gabriel 176 

Dwelling  House  for  Governor.  98 
Dwellings,  magnificent 108 

E 

Eastern  Sliore  of  Maryland....  81 
Earthijuake  at  Annapolis  1758  120 
Earthquake  at  Annai'olis,1772.121 
Earthquake  in  Annapolis 326 


860 


INDEX. 


Ear  cut  off,  sentenced  to  have. 137 

Ease  of  American  ladies 143 

Eastern  Shore  tribes 161 

Earle,  Jr.,  James   326 

Eagle,  explosion  of  the 359 

Early's  invasion  excites  A 314 

Eccleston,  John 196 

Eccleston,  Col 106 

Eddis,  Wm.  observant 73 

Eddis,    Wm.    attends    divine 

service  in  Annapolis 73 

Edmyston,  recto  of  St.  Anne's  75 
Eddis,   Mr.    writes  of    State 

House 81 

Edward,  Gadder 87 

Education,  character  of  the..  102 

Eddis  writes  of  Annapolis 140 

Eden.  Gov 152,  156,  182,  208 

Eddis.  Wm.  Mr 152,165,  167, 

170,  190,  199,  201.  308. 
Eden,  Gov.  required  todepart.155 
Eden,  Gov.  prospect  to  return. 155 
Eden's,  Gov.  property  confi[3^.157 

Eden,  Gov.  return  of 157 

Eddis,  Mr.  wrote 156 

Eddis.  Gov.  Eden's  advice  to.  156 
Eddis',  Mr.  life  in  Annapolis...  1T8 

Edwards,  William 167 

Edmons.  Amos 1 68 

Eddis,  Mr.  fined 178 

Eddis,  Mr.  leaves  Annapolis.  .183 
Eddis,  Mr.    summoned  before 

Committee 189 

Eddis  and  Clapham   to    give 

bond .^...190 

Eden's  Gov.  Proclamation  on 

fees 279 

Eden,  Robert.........  .!........."  .303 

Educational  facilities  in  A .  . . .  324 

Effort  to  enlarge  Proctor's  port  54 
Effigie;;  of  Bute  and  Greville..l49 
Effigy  of  Hood,  stamp  officer.  149 

Effort  to  remove  Capital 354 

Elder  of  the  Independents 17 

Elk  River 39 

Eltonhead,  Mr.  Wm.  executed  36 

Election,  mode  of 86 

Elliott,  William 86 

Elliott,  C.  sentenced  to  death.  1 15 
Election  of  Geo.   Stewart  set 

aside 120 

Electricity  in  1749,  in  Annap.138 

Election  in  the  province 143 

Electoral  College 244 


Electors  correspondence  of ...  .24oj. 

346. 347.        -r;" 

Elliott,  John 348 

Elliott,  Elias 363 

Election  of  Lincoln 281,284 

Election  in  Annapolis 384 

Election  in  Annapolis  during 

Civil  War 310 

Flection  of  Corporation 335 

Election,  Judges  of 335 

Election  returns.  Judges  of. ...336 
Embassadors  of  the  Susque- 

hannocks 55 

Emblem  of  public  poverty 81 

Emigrants  to  Annapolis 138 

{English  yeomanry 19 

English  inhabitants 23 

Encroachments  resisted  byLeg  50 

Enormous  crimes 54 

Entire  possesion  of  the  prov...  57 
f]ncouragement  to  St.  Mary's  59 

Ennals,  Thomas 78 

Entrance  to  the  Severn 81 

Entitled  to  privileges  and  laws  93 
Encouragement  of  Tradesmen  96 

Engine  for  city 118 

English,  sun  of 139 

English   Lord 157 

Entrenching  Annapolis,  1755.160 
English  oppression,  resolution 

against 168 

English  officer's  representationl86 

Enemies  of  St.  John's 300 

Enemy's  ships  off  Annapolis.  .334 
Encroachment  on  civil  rights. 299 
Enrollment  of  Anne  Arundel. 300 

Enrollment  of  .Vnnapolis 301 

Enlistment  of  colored  people. 313 
Enterprise  Building  Asso'n..  .316 

Enright,  Father  Timothy 321 

Ewen.  31  r.  Richard 31 

Erberry,  Edward,  merchant...  40^ 
Erberry,   Edward,  abuses  the 

house,  40:  tried,  41; found 

guilty.  41;  punished   with 

whipping  41. 

Ewing,  Chas.  II. ,  Rev :{04 

Escheated  to  the  State 19 

Establishment  of  K.W's  School  77 

Estate  of  delegates 89 

Estep.  Ralph'. 35(i 

Establishment    of    Annapolis 

Gazette 300 

European  social  life 145- 


INDEX 


:i6{ 


Bvitts,  John Ii37 

Evans,  Mr.  Wm 331 

Evans,  Mr 244 

Evans,  John 348 

Evans,  Joseph 303 

Extracts  from  Journals 40 

Exportation  to  be  from  ports.  o3 
Expelled  from  the  House,  Mr. 

Joseph  Hill 85 

Executions  stayed  at  fairs 90 


Executions,  brevity  of  accountll3 
Extra  Session,  Gov.  Ogle  callsllS 

Express  office 121 

Executioners,  curious 138 

Executive  Chamber ? 163 

Exchanging  of  Portraits 164 

Exportation  prohibited 1 75 

Explosion  of  Steamer  Eagle. ..259 
Expedition  from  Annapolis.... 399 
Excited  over  haunted  houses.. 314 


F 


Fable  of  the  Camel  and  Arab 

enacted 31 

Pair  to  be  held  every  year  in 

Annapolis 64 

Fairs  in  Annapolis 65,  90 

Family    comes     30    miles    to 

church 70 

Fairs,  processes  stayed  at 90 

Fair  days,  two 94 

Fashion,  luxury,  commerce.  ..108 

Farris,  Wm.  watchmaker 132 

Parris,  Wm.  will  of 123 

Farris,  Chas.  (in  note).  .123,  149, 

229. 

Families,  principal 128 

Fairs,  annual 130 

Fair  games 130 

Fashions,  quick  importation  of  143 

Fashions  and  frivolty 144 

Factious  men 144 

Fashionable  pleasure 144 

Fair  grounds  in  Annapolis 159 

Faculty  of  St.  John's 311 

Farmers,  Bank  of  Maryland.... 335 

Fairbain,  Benj 339 

Father  Andrew  White's  Journ. 337 

Father  Althara 331 

Fendall,  Josais 38 

F.  Penwick's,  his  house 47 

Fendall,  Josiat 48 

Fendall,  Gov 56 

Ffielder,  T.  architect  of  church  65 
Few  rectors  of  K.  W's  school 

known 79 

Feast  day  of  St.  ^Michaels. ...  88 

Fees,  profits,   perquisites 90 

Feast  and  frolics 91 

Fees,  men  sold  for Ill 

Ferry  acros  the  bay 113 

Ferry  boat  overset 114 

Fencing  and  Dancing 126 


Females,    single,    petition  of, 

Annapolis 133 

Festival  of  St.  George  observedl36 
Federal  Govera-ment  seizes  St. 314 

Federalists  of  Majyland 333 

Federalist  Party 353 

Pears  of  a  riot 369 

Pees  laid  by  proclamation. . .  .379 
Fedei-al  Government  and  Gov. 

Hicks 385  to  395 

Pees  and  penalties 341 

Penton,  Corneliu* 168 

First  to  arrive  at  the  Severn...  18 
Fireworks  against  the  ship... .   35 

Fifty  men  slain 36 

Five  Indians  chief  murdered..  54 
First  evidence  t^  St.  Mary's..  56 
First  session  of  Leg.  in  Annap  63 
First  convocation  held  in  A...  66 
First  State  Hriu=e  in  Annap.  .  67 
Fire  quenched  hv  industry  of  67 

First  l^rick  chu"ch  in  Md 69 

Ffielder,  Thos.  achitect  of  St. 

Anne's 69 

Fire  in  St.  Anne's 75 

First  Mayor  of  Annapolis.   ...  76 

Finley,  Elizabeth 83 

First  newspaper  in  Maryland.  94 

Fine,  free  from '96 

First  issue  of  the  Gazette 99 

Fish  women  anil  the  King 99 

Fines,  forfeitures. araerc'nientsl07 

Fire,  warehouse  lost  by 110 

Fish,  Benj.  T.  ilrowned 114 

Fire  engine 118 

First  citizen,  the  letters  of... .  131 
First  American  Theatre  erected 

in  Annapolis  146 

First  shipyard 157 

First     commencement    of    St 

John's 2:0 


)m 


INDEX 


First  lottery  in  province 151' 

First  U.  S.  "Senator  fiom  Md  232 
Fire  in  government  honse. . .  .222 
Firing  off  guns  in  the  streets  223 
Fight  between   Chandler  and 

Watkins 23^ 

Fish,  John   248 

First  ])assengerfrom  Annapolis208 

Fire  in  State  House 27:! 

First  citizen,  the 27J) 

First  M.  E.  Church 303 

First  Church  of  Mettiodisni...  .o03 
First  Presbyterian  Church  in 

Annapolis 304 

Fire  at  Smith  Price's  311 

Fire.  "Noah's  Ark*' injured. ..31 3 
Fij-e  disastrous  in  Annapolis. ..211' 
First  regular   t!'ain   on  Short 

Line 3-20 

Fir.st  accident  toKedemptorists323 

Fir-^^t  Chapel  in  .Maryland 333 

Fire  I)e))artnieiit  of  Annapolis.   I") 

Finlater.  Alex         lOli 

Flattery  uiiavailling <>2 

Flames.  hKiuisition,  Damna- 
tion  101 

Fleet,  under  convoy Ill 

Fleming,  Richard 22!» 

Fhiffs  of  Southern  Confederacv313 

Fleet.  Capt.  llenrv ".331 

Fort  for  trade. . .  . ." 2!) 

Four  or  ~)  Marylanders  esca])e.  3(i 
Fort  invested  by  3Id.  and  Ya. 

troops •")4 

Foundation  of  State  Hou.se  in 

Annapolis 60 

Forty  shillings  for  every  l)urial  61' 
Form  of  second  State  House. .   'SO 

Fordhani,  Benjamin 8(i,  88 

Fornication   lOl 

Forfeiture,  fines.  amerciamentlOT 

Foi-t  Fiederick 118 

Fox  chase  128 

Fowey,  the  Frigate l.")(! 

Fortv.  Lieutenant KiO 

Fostell,  Dr.  Richard 17G 

Form    of    State    Government 

estabhshed •.17<j 

Fortification  of  Annapolis 177 

Four  future  Pi-esidents 2U() 

Forrest.  Noah 222 

Fortification  asked  for  A 227 

Fort  Severn...  .240.  241,  254,  255, 

25S,  251),  2«>G. 


Fowler,  Daniel 229 

Fort  Severn,  from,  regulars.  .243 

Fountain,  Marev 245.  250 

Fountain,  M  . ." .248 

Fort  Madison 254 

Fort  Severn  recommended  for 

Naval  Academy 2G5 

Four  regts.  wanted  from  Md..2s,") 
F')u r  Gubernatorial  residences.302 

Forty.  John 305 

Fortification  at  Annapolis. . .  .314 

Fowler,  James 3l(> 

Fostell,  Richard 176 

Foulks,  Saml.  hidden  in  hogs- 
head  2fi8 

Frequent  antl  violent  clianges  31 
I'^ree  exercise  of  their  religion  37 
Friends  early  settle  in  31d. ...  42 
Frii^uds  petitioning  to  allinu. .   42 

Freemen  of  3Iaryland 52,  105 

Freemair,  Mr.  John 69,  Sti,  87 

Free  school  of  brick  in  A 58 

Frazier,  Alexandria. 70 

l-'razier,  Joshua 71,  177 

l-'riend  of  Ijord  B.iltimore. . . .  72 
Fret-  schools,  donations  to.  ...  78 
I'^ree  schools,  subscriptions  to.  78 
Friends  and  supporte»s  of  K. 

Ws  school 79 

FrisV>y,  Col.  John 82 

Free  voters  of  Annapolis 88 

Free-holders  of  Annajiolis 89 

Free-holders  and  freemen 8!) 

French  writer  on  Annapolis...  '.)! 
French  hair  dresser  in  A.. 91,  145 

Freemen,  Wm.  l)ricklayer U(j 

Friars,  Capauchin 101 

Frenchmen  on  the  right 102 

F'renc  h  p  ri  vateei- m 

French  men  of  war Ill 

French  capture  tiie  Hopewell.  113 

French  and  Indians 118 

Freemen  of  Annapolis  arou.sedl39 

Frt-nch  troops 187 

French  Frigates 187,  188 

Frigate  Philadelphia 225 

Frazier,  Richard 229 

Free  negro  Tom 229 

Frigate,  Pha'ton 259 

Free  people  of  color 25 1 

Franklin,  J.  S 282 

Frederick  citv 285 

Franklin,  Geo.  E 303 

Franchise,  right  of 310 


IXDEX 


303 


Franklin,  Thomas BU 

Frazier,  Henry,  Jr.  killed 315 

Fraternization  of  soldiers 315 

Frey,  Asst.  Marshal  attacked. 818 

French,  Thomas 167 

French,  George 108 

Fuller,  Capt.  Wm..29,  30,  31,  32, 

44. 
Fuller,  Capt.   appears  behind 

Goy.  Stone 35. 

G 

Gallo\yay,  William 19 

Gallery    for    servants    in   St. 

Anne's  75 

Gap  in  the  history  of  Provide.  40 

(lates  of  Annapolis  04 

(luddess.  Mr.,  arriyes  in  An...  41 

Garrett,  :sLr.  Amos 09,  97 

Gallery  of  St.  Aiuie's  altered.  09 
Gallery  built  in  St.  Anne's. . .  70 
Gallery  in  St.  Anne's,  leave  to 

build 71 

Gaither,  Rozin  71 

Gaither,  William 71 

Gazette,  poem  on  St.  Anne's  in  73 
Gallery  in  St.  Anne's  for  par- 
ishioners  ■   75 

(lallery  in  St.  Anne's  for  slav.  75 
Garrets,  -Vinos,  body  of,  seized  70 

Garrett,  James 70 

Garthorne,    Francis 77 

Gales,  Mr.,  sloop  of 83 

Garrett,  Amos,  Mavor 80 

Gaylard,  William   ." 80 

Garrett,    Amos,  Esq 87 

Gazette,  The  Maryland.  ..94,  135 
Gazette  ceased  publication ....  90 
(jiazette,     Maryland,    I'eliable 

services  98 

Gazette,  dimensions  of  the. ...   98 

Gazette,  news  in 99 

Gazette,  3Id.,  inaugural  addr.  99 
Gazette,  advertisement  in..  99 
Gazette,  subscription  to  the..   99 

Gazette,   encouraged 100 

Gazette,  marvelous  in 101 

Garrison  at  Cape  Breton 105 

Gazette,  the 109,  233,  324 

Gazette,  jealous  of  Balto Ill 

Gallows  at  Annapolis 114 

Gang  of  miscreants  in  Annaii.120 
Galloway,  Samuel 12C 


Fuller,  Capt.  calls  a  council...  34 
Fuller,  Capt.  gives  word  to  be- 
gin battle 30 

Full  hearing  on  both  sides 55 

Full  house  regrets  removal   of 

Capital GO 

Funds  of  K.  W's  School  con- 
veyed to  St.  John's 79 

Funds   for  Goy's.  residence...  98 
Pounds  of  K.  W's  School 225 


(harden.  Queen  Anne's 129 

(Tazette  in  deep  mourning.  . .  .150 

Gale  in  AuTiapolis 101,  273 

Garrett,  Jolui  W 103 

(Tuzette  otiice  burned 184 

Gates.  (Jeneral   185,210 

(nirnett,  President,  of  St.  J. .213 

(Tale,  George 222 

(rassaway,   John 226,  23C 

iiazette  and  rejtublicans  ijuarr236 

Garrison ...   242 

Gardner,  Wm.  Brewer.  . .  .257  310 
Galaxy  of  Illustrious  Anuap..275 

Garabrill,  Lieut.  Horace 281 

Gazette,  Annaj)olis,  view. 282,  283 

Gazette  defends  itself 296 

Gazette,  Annapolis,  establis.  .300 

Gantt,  Benj.  E 302 

Gazette  fails  to  ol)tain  print. ..312 

Gantt,  Edward  C 315 

Galilean  Hall 316 

Gassaway,  Aug 316 

Gassaway.  L.  (t ... 325 

Gaither,  Edward,  Jr  ...170,  176 

Galloway,  Joseph 176 

Gassaway,  Lewis  . .  ^  . .  .261,  304 
Gov.  Stone  urges  the  Puritans 

to  take  oath 19 

General  Pardon  granted 24 

Gerrard,  Capt 36 

General    Assembly  heedful    of 

St.  Anne's 09 

George,  Joshua 70 

(Tcorge,  William 70 

General  Assembly  appealed  to 

for  St.  Anne's 74 

Geddess,  Andrew 79 

Gectment  for  any  lands 91 

Gentleman's  dress,  change  in. 125 

Gelastic  law  in  clal)s 135 

German  passengers 139 


5*J4 


INDEX 


Germain,  Lord  George 154-5 

General  Lee 154 

Gen.  Washington 159 

Gerry,  Elbridge 206 

Getzendanner,  Capt 234 

George,  Enoch 245,  248,  250 

Gerdemam,  Father  John 821 

Gheselin,  Reverdy 167,  226 

Giving  out  threatening  speech  32 

Gittings,  John,  clerk 41 

Gilliss.  John 71 

Giles,  Charles,  commander  ..   Ill 

Gibbetted,  Morris  McCoy 121 

Gist,  Gen 106 

Gibson,  John 225-6 

Giddings,  Major  Luther,  given 

a  sword  • 274 

Girault,  Prof.  A.  N 304 

Gibbons,  Eev.  H.  0 304 

Gibson,  Capt.  Edward 006 

Gibson,  Mrs.,  /leeRidout 308 

Gibbons,  Ensign 320 

Ghiselen,  William 71 

"Glorious  Nineteen" 249 

Glass  Works 323 

Golden   Lyons 35 

Goodall,  Elizabeth.  l)ewithed..  42 
Godson,  Peter,   charged  with, 
slander,  and  medical  char- 
latanism       45 

Gov.  from  Virginia 46 

Gov.   Seymour 67 

Good  lodgings  in  Annapolis.. .  57 

Gov.  Nicholson 58,  60 

Gov.  Copley   enters  upon  his 

duties 60 

Gov.  Nicholson  given  a  lot 64 

Gott,  Thomas 19 

Gov.  Stoni,  exceedingly  popu.  25 
Gov.    Stone  proclaims  Crom- 
well   27 

Gov.  Stone  censures  the  comr's  27 
Gov.  Stone  submits  the  second 

time 28 

Gov.   Stone   attempts  to   sur- 
prise comr's  29 

Golden  Fortune,  Capt.  Tilman,  3l 
Gov.  Stone  re-assumes  duties 

of  oflBce 31 

Gov.  Stone  determines  to  assert 

his  rights 32 

Gov.  Stone  organizes  a  mili- 
tary force 32 

Gov.    Stone    directs  no  writs 


from  the  Puritans  shall  be 

obeyed 32 

Gov.  Stone's  party  threaten  to 

hang . .  33 

Gov.  Stone 33,  34.  35 

Gov.  Stone's  force 33 

Gov.  Stone's  march  to  Provi- 
dence   33 

Gov.    .Stone  visits  Providence  21 
Gov.     Stone    organizes    Anne 

Arundel  21 

Gov.  Stone  submits  to  the  com.  25 

Gov.  Stone's  c«m.  seized 25 

Gov.  Stone  has  a  saving  clause  26 
Gov.  Nicholson  selects  site  of 

St.  Anne's 69 

Gov.  Nicholson  active  for  St. 

Anne's 69 

Gov.  Hlackiston 69 

Golden  ball  on  St.  Anne's...  69 

Gordon,   Robt 70 

Governors  and  office-holders..  75 
Governors,   visitors,    Trustees 

of  K.  W's  School 78 

Governor  and  Council  session  81 

Governor,  John  Seymour 81 

Gordon,  Patrick,  Esq.  Gov.  of 

Pa 95 

Governor  of  Pa.  visits  Gov.  Md  95 

Governor's,  residence 98 

Gov.  Saml.  Ogle 98 

Gov.  and   Legislature,    sharp 

messages  between 100 

Gordon,  Capt.  Robert 103 

Gordon,  Roht.  Esq.  103,  115,  118 
Governors  iuiportant    peroga- 

tive 104 

Governor  Bladen  and  Legis. . .  104 
Governor  Bladen  called  to  ac- 
count   105 

Gov.  Bladen's  3  messages  in  1 

day.    107 

Gov.  Ogle,  calls  extra  session.  113 
Gov.  Ogle's  speech   to  Legis- 
lature  - 113 

Gov.    Ogle,    disappointed    by 

Legislature 113 

Gordon,  Mr.  John 115 

(lordon  Rev.  John   to  prepare 

a  discourse 133 

Gov.     Eden,     patronizes     the 

drama 140 

Governor  can  pardon 144 

Godwin 147 


INDEX 


305 


'Guv.  .Sharjie 150,  151 

■GoveruorEden.  of  Maryland,  152, 

153,  154. 
-Governor  Eden  patronizes  the 

sta^e 153 

Gov.  Eden  establishes  a  semi- 
nary  153 

Gov.  Eden  recommended  to  be 

seized  154 

Gov.    Eden,  parole  of 154 

Go  V.Eden's  departure  reqniredl  55 

Gov.  Eden  returns   157 

•  Gov.  ICden  departs  156 

Gov.   Eden's   property  confis- 
cated  ' 157 

Gov.  Lee   158 

Gov.  Ogle's  Bay  Gelding 159 

Governor 178 

Gov.  Eden  182 

Gov.  Johnson   183,  184 

Goldsmith.  Wm 198 

Government  House  on  fire.  . .  .322 

Golder,  Archibald 320 

Government  Farm  357 

Godman,  John  D.  born  at  An- 
napolis     .  377 

Governor's  Guards 280,  283 

Gov.  Hicks'  proclamation. ..  .281 
Gov.  Hicks'  convenes  Legislat285 
Governm?nt  and  Gov.    Hicks 

385  to  295 
Gov.  Hicks"  message  to  Legis.296 

Governor's  Folly,  the .302 

Goodman.  R.  R." 304 

Gorman,  Wm.  H 30U 

Governors  of  Md 11 

Gordon,  George 1G7 

Gordon,  William 107 

Goldsmith,  Saml   201 

Goldsborough,  W.J 201 

Green.sbury  Point 18 

Greene,  Thomas 34 

Greene,  Mr.,  Governor 46 

Goruoore.  John,   punished  for 

perjury 47 

Greene,  John 48 

Greenbury,  Esq.,  Hon.Nicho- 

las...: 63,  64 

Great  room  below  stairs 66 

Greensbury's  Point,  church  on  69 
Gregg,  Ruth,  petition  from...  69 
Graveyard  beyond  present  cir.  69 
Greene,  Richard 71 


Griffith,  John 71 

Great  and  dangerous  designs    83 

Greenfield,  CoL 84 

Grosham,  Jr. ,  John 86 

Grea*"  seal  of  our  said  Province  91 

Green,  Mr.  Jonas 93,  96,  118 

Green,  Jonas,  Printer. . .  .98,  113 

Green,  Jonas,  Postmaster 99 

Grant,  Hector 102 

Grindell.   Capt Ill 

Grand  Inquest  to  enquire. .  .  .113 

Green  St 117,  157 

Green,  Jonas,  family  has  small- 
pox   119 

Green,  Jonas 134-5-6 

Gregor,  Capt 137 

Grindall,  Capt 137 

Great  case  at  Annapolis 138 

Grant  of  Charles  1 153 

Green,  Major,  Gen.  Nath  185 

Green,  Frederick.       187 

Grenadiers 188 

Greene,  Major  General 195 

Greene's,  Major  Gen.,  reply..  195 

Greene,  Nath 196 

Greene,   Federick 198,  236 

Grant  to  St.  John's  on  conditi209 

Green,  Mr.,  slandered 335 

Grammer.  Frederick 336 

Grouch,  Wm 18,  19 

Grant,  Wm 329 

Green,  Mr.,  editor  of  the  Ga- 
zette  237 

Grand  Jury  indict  '"the  Glori- 
ous Nineteen" 341* 

Grammer,  Frederick  Louis.  .  .263 

Gray,  Justice  Walton   369 

Green,  Louis,  Captain .208 

Green,  N.   H 383 

•Green,  Mrs 303 

Graft",  Rev.  J.  J 304 

Green,  Nicholas  H 311 

Grant  and  staff  in  Annapolis. 313 
Graves,  joint  decoration  of. .  .315 

Green,  John  167 

Green,  Richard 170 

Gunther,  Capt     36 

Guard  at  Annapolis,  prison.  ..114 

Gutroy,  John 339 

Gubnatorial  Mansion,  the  third303 
Gubnatorial  Mansion,  second. 303 

Guhl,  Student   331 

Gwyne,  William 87 


30(3 


INDEX 
U 


HavrkiiiP,  Matthew         21 

Hatton.  Mr.  Secr'y  of  State. .   2.1 
Hattou,  Mr.  Thomas  ....   2'i,  28 

Hatch.  Mr.  John 'SI 

Hammond,  Mr.  John   82 

Hall,  Mr.  Richard 41 

HamWeton,  John,  wife  of.  . .  .   4.") 

Hawkins,  Ralph 4U 

Harbor    for    shipping  at   St. 

Mary's 5!i 

Ham.mond,  Major  John.  . .  1)8,  64 
Hall,  Henry,  <>f  St.  James..  . .   (j(i 

Hanging  a  lanhorn   out Od 

Harnass,   Jacob 68 

Hammond,  Col.  John 69 

Hammond,  Philip 70.  98,  102 

Hammond,  Chas.  of  Philip.    .    71 

Hanover  street 72 

Hall,  Major 84 

Hair  dresser.  French  in 91 

Hammond.  Mr.  Charles.  .  ..97.  98 

Hamn:oud.  Mordecai 97 

Hall,  Major  Henrv 102 

Hamburg,  Mr.  Jolin Ill,  119 

Hamilton,  Dr.  Alex 112 

Hamilton,  Mrs 119 

Hall.  John...  121,  161,  165.168. 

169,  170.  176,  3t6. 
Hammond,  ^Matthias. 121. 165. 168, 

171,  172,  173.  176. 
Hogan,  Dominick,  Irish   ser- 

va:;t 126 

Handsome  women 128 

Hawke,  Sloop,  his  Majesty's.  .151 
Haller  and  ^Matzen. ...     ...  .158 

Hanlan 147 

Hauteur  of  Mrs.  Henry 148 

Hallam,  Miss,  poetry  about.  ..147 

Hallara,  Mrs ." 147 

Hamilton.  Alex 163,  206 

Hall  of  House  of  Delegates.  .  .163 
Hammond,  Rezin..l68,  170,  176 

Hammond,  Thomas 167 

Hammond,  Nathan 167 

Haragan,  John 167 

Hackman,  James 167 

Harrison,  William 168 

Harwood,  Thomas,  Jr 170 

Hall,  Thomas 170 

Harwood,  Mr.  Thomas .172 

Harding,  Cape,  ship  Totness.174 
Harford,  Mr 202 


Harwood.  Thomas.  170,  176,  187, 

209. 

Hanson,  A.   C 210 

Hanson,  Alex.  Coutec.  .320.  222 

Harrison,  Benj 222 

Hammond.    Mr.   Jolin  .316.  224, 

229. 

Harrison,  Hall 325 

Haskins.  Joseph   225 

Harwood.  Richard 225 

Hall.  Benedict  E 226 

Hammond,  Nicholas  23(i 

Harper.  Robt  Cxoodloe 235 

Harwood.  3lajor  Sprigtr.244.  345. 

248,  263.  282,  301.  313. 

Harwood,  Kali>h 254,  258 

Harwood.  Thos.  Richard 256 

Hancock.   Francis   356 

Hall,    Hnmj.hrey 263 

Hall.  Watkiiis.  shot 271 

Hanlan.  Richard  H 273 

Harvest  of  pleasures 274 

Harris,  Benj.  G 299 

Harris.  B.  d.  recommended... 301 

Hagner,  Judge  A.  B   303 

Hailer,  Wm 305 

Hackney,  Sand 305 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Jonathan.  ..  .305 

Harwood,  Hy 306 

Harwood.  residence,  the 306 

Hammond,  Mr.  Wm 306,  307 

Handy,  D.  Claude 311,  313 

Haunted  house  in  Anna  polls..  314 

Hance's  trial  for  murder 318 

Harnden  Express  trial 318 

Hayden,  Judge 31 9 

Harrington,  Miss 330 

Herring  Bay 18,  33 

Herring  Creek 31 

Heamans.     Roger 33 

Heamaus.   Roger,    required  to 

assist  Puritans 34 

Heamans  dissembles 34 

Heamans"  story 34 

Heamans  warns  Stone  not   to 

come  nearer 35 

Heamans'  resolved  to  fire. ...   35 
Heamans  shoots  at  St.  Mary's 

men 35 

Heamans  fires  a  third  shot... .   35 
Heamans,  Capt. denies  Stone's 

authority 3.5. 


INDEX 


:j(jr 


Heanians'    fourth  slu^t   kills  a 

mail     

Henuaii.  Casjier,  Auj;.    Imilds 


State  House.  Chiiivli   and 

•  Selinol  (;:{ 

Hewett.  Mr.  John 78 

Helnisle}%  Mr.  Williaiii   78 

Heseliiis.  Miss  Charlotte 132 

Heirlooms,  dresses  127 

Heury"s.  Mrs.  hauteur 148 

Henzell.  Capt.  Chas HC 

Henry.  John 222 

Herbert.  J.  C .2S.> 

Heard.  Col 248 

Herald,  Democratic 27^:5 

Hendersou.  Rev.  .f.  J •504 

Kelirou.  Henry 'AO') 

Henkle.  Eli  .J :{i:;3 

Hepburn,  John 1(17 

Hendley,  Hugh 1'57 

Hensnaw,  Charles   201 

Hill,  Capt 4(i 

His  Majesty's  power  to  dispose 

of  conquests 51 

Hill,  Capt.  Richard (}4 

Higiubotliom.  Rev.  R.  master  80 

Hill,  Joseph   84 

Hill,  Mr.  Joseph  expelled  froai 

House 85 

History,  relic  of.  Maryland... .   05 
Higgiusou,  Chas.  sentenced  to 

"death 114 

His  Majestys  sloop  Hawke...  .151 
Higinbothom,  Rev.  Mr.  Ralph 
.  209,  212,  225,  253. 

Higgins,  Mr.  Dick 245 

Hicks,  Thos.  Holliday . 245 

Hicks',  Gov.  proclamation. .  .281 
Hicks',  Gov.  proclamation  of, 

speech  of  38  i,  28?..  284 

Hicks,  Gov.  and  Fed.  authori- 
ties  285 

Hicks,  Gov.  and  Fed.  Govern- 
ment  285  to  2!)5 

Hicks,  Gov.  letter  of  Seward  to  28D 
Hicks,  Gov.  letters  of  Butler 

to 291,  292,  293,  394.  395 

Hicks,  Gov.  refuses  consent  for 

troops  to  land 396 

Hicks,  Gov.  still  had  hope  . .  .396 
Historical  Society  of  A.  A.  Co. 320 

Hincks,  Thomas 167 

Howard,  Matthew 18 

Horner,  James 18 


ibnvell.  Tiioma.s 
iiowell's  Creek 

Horn  Point 

Momeard.  Jo   .  . 


.  .  19 
. ...  19 
35.  323 

.  ..     43 


House  awaits  ad.  as  t"  Quakers  43 
llargans,  Henry,  at  Kent....  47 
House   asks   its    vacancies   be 

filled 50 

I  louse  eompromis(;s  with   pro- 
prietary   51 

Howard.  .Mr.  Pliilip... .   63 

iiouse  appoints    Mr.    (v.ulde.^s 

chaplain 65 

Howard.  Corueliou  - 6.S 

Hood,  Zachariali 71 

Howard,  Samuel 73.  187 

Hou.-^e  of  Col.  Edw.   Dorsey....  80 

House  of  Smithei's 82 

1  lolmes.  Richard 87 

Home,  Peter. 95 

Holland.  Col.  Wm 96 

1  forney,  James 102 

House  of  Delegates,  mem.  of..  103 
Horse  steal'ng,  York  hung  for.ll3 
Hopewell,  sclinr.  of  Annapolis 

captured 113 

House.  Penelope,  whipped 118 

Horse  races  130 

Homony    Club 131.  133 

Hood.  Stamp  Officer,  burnt  in 

effigy 149 

Hood's  appouitment  as  Stamp 

Officer 149 

ibjod,  Stamp  Officer  re.sisted..l49 

Hood  lauds  the  stanijis  149 

H(jod  willing  to  resiirii 150 

Hood"s  flight 150 

Hood  returns  to  AnuapoUs 151 

Hornet,  officers  of  the   153 

Howard,  (ren.  John,  Eager.  .  .  188 

Hospitality  of  Gov.  Eleu 153 

Hopeof  Gov,  Eden's  return. ..155 

Holland  street. 158 

Hodssin.Mr 172 

Howe,  Sir  William 183 

Howard.  Saml.  II. ...168,  198,  330 

Howard,  John,  Eager 206 

Howard's.  Col.oft'er  to  J.Chase332 

Howard.  J 338 

1  Lorn  Point 238 

HoUingsworth's  Caot.  troop... 240 

llobbs.   Capt '....-    ....243 

Hope,  Thomas.. ...348 

1  Folme,  Christopher 254 


ms 


INDEX 


Holliiigsworth,  Francis  255 

Hodges,  Thomas 256 

Howard  County   ,   ...  257 

Hollidayoke,  Daniel,   271 

Hopkins,  Edward 273,  304 

Holland.  Steward,  born  at  A. .270 

Hopkins,  Adjutant 282 

Hopkins,  James  E 284 

Hopkins,  Benjamin 284 

Houses,  other  ancient 308 

House  of  Anthony  Stewart 308 

Horn  Point  settlement. 315 

Hopkins,  Johns   3iC 

Hoffman,  trial 318 

Hours,  cried  in 325 

Howard,  AVilliam   167 

Hodgan.  Thos.  B  167 

How'ard,  John 167 

Horsely,  Henry 168 

Horton,  John 168 

Hood.  John,  Jr 108 

Howard,   Ephraim   170 

Howard,  Benj 170,  170 

Hopkins,  Girard.  Jr 170 

Humphrey,   Eev,  John,  rector 

of  St.  Anne's 71 

Hutehins.  Col.  Chas 78 

Hutton.  Mr.  William 78 

Hunt.  Wornell.  Recorder.. 86.  88 

Hughton,  William 86 

Humphrey,  Josejih 87 


Hustings  to  the  Pro  v.  Courte.  91 

Hunt,  Wornell.  Esq  94 

Hutchinson,  Capt.  John Ill 

Humes.     Jos.     sentenced     to 

death  114 

Hutton,    Bros,    wagon   manu- 
facturers   147 

Hunting.  Ridge 191 

H'.imphrev.  Col.  David   206 

Humphrey  Hall 214,  217 

Humphreys.  Rev.  Hector.   . .  .214 

Hustings,  Court  of  228 

Hutton,  Samuel 229 

Hunter.  James  255 

Hughes.  Jeremiah.2.'37.  259,  263, 
'324. 

Hurst,  Bennett  259 

Hutton,  Jona 259 

Hubbard,  Jr.  Wm.,  Lieut. . .  .299 

Hull,  James,  engineer 320 

Hunting  Grounds  in  Annap.  .326 

Hvde's  Alley  64 

Hyde,  Thomas 74,  167,  209 

Hyde,  Thos.  set  up  tannery.. 119 

nVde.  John 229 

Hyde,  Mr.  Daniel  T 269,  270 

IlVde,  Danl.  T.  threatened  by 

soldiers  298 

Hyde.  J.  T 316 

Hvde.  William 167,  177 

H'vde,  William.  Capt 176 


I 


Igleliart,  Mrs.  Owen  A...  .72,  158 

Iglehart.  Leonard   ....    262 

Iglehart,  James  FI 273 

Iglehart.  Capt 282 

Iglehart,  Wm.  T  305,  324 

Iglehart,  and  Swann 300 

Iglehart  House 307 

Iglehart.  Mrs.  Wm.  T. .  .307.  324 

Iglehart,  J.  Howard 320 

Ill-treatment  of  servants 112 

Illiberal  laws 275 

Impeachment  of   Major  Thos. 

Truman 54 

Improvement  of  Annapolis  for.  64 

Importance  of  Annapolis 109 

Importation  of  rebels Il2 

Importation  of  fashions 143 

Impressment  of  citizens 314 

Improvement  in  Annapolis.    .315 
'.Improvement,  spirit  of 323 


Improvement,  A.sso.  Local. .  ..325 

Indians 17 

Independents 17 

Indians,  a  near  neighbor 22 

Indians  commit  murder  in  A.  A  22 
Indian  treaty   made    on    the 

Severn 28 

Inhabitants  of  the  Providence  29 
Indemnity  for  injuries  to  Ind.  29 
Indemnity  for  injuries  to  col.  29 
Indians,  8  or  10  only   to  come 

at  a  time 30 

Indians  to   give  notice  of  in- 
tended war 30 

Intentions  of  Capt.  Stone 33 

Insolent  behavior  of  Quakers.  37 
Indians  an  element  of  trouble.  38 
Instruction-s  given  Capt  Bur- 
gess     38 

Indians,  Forraigne 39 


INDEX. 


Information  of  K.  W's  SJchool 

meagre 79 

Information,     Lower     House 

wants .107 

Indians,  how  to  fight 39 

Indians,  treaty  of  pence  with.  40 
Indiscreet  representative  from 

A.  A.  Co 49 

Indian     chiefs    treacherously- 
murdered 54 

Indignation  over  itajor  Trne- 

rt^an's  conduct 54 

Instruction  broken  by  Major 

Trueman 55 

Inn-keeper,  Workman 96 

Inaugural  address  of  Md.    Ga- 
zette   99 

Indulgencies,  cheap 101 

Inquisition,  flames,  damnationlOl 

Inch,  M'r 103 

Infringement  of  liberties 108 

Indians,  The.... ^. 108 

Indian,  quiver  of 108 

Inquest  on  Elisha  Williams. ..113 

Indians  volunteer  against 119 

Insignia  of  clubs 133 

Indians  ravaged  by  small-pox.  143 


Indians,  race  courses,  and  In- 
dians  1^7 

Indians,  murders  by 160 

Indians,  some  very  quiet 160 

Indians,  last  to  visit  to  Ann    al60 

Inner  life  of  Annapolis 178 

Inscription  on  DeKalb  statue.  186 
Incorporation  of  St.  John's  Col. 208 

Internal  dissensions 234 

Insurrection,  Nat.  Turner's.  .361 

Investigation  of  riot 272 

Indians    make    treaty    under 

poplar 309 

Intention  for  setlingMd 327 

Indians  and  early  settlers. . .  .331 
Indians  pleased    with    Euro- 
peans  333 

Indian  customs  334 

Independent  Fire  Co 16 

Inhabitant  competent  witnesse  34 

Irwin,  John 103 

Ireland,  Thos 31SO 

Ireland,  John.  Corporal 399 

Isle  of   Wight 19 

Isle  of  Kent 2^ 

Islands,  mouth  of  West  River.  144 


Jaoques,   Lancelot. ,71,  119,  161, 

177. 

Jail,  Annapolis 98 

Jaiinescheck 148 

Jackson,  Capt.  of  Peggy  Stew.  193 
Jackson,  Major,  Washington's 

Secretary ISl 

Jacob.  Edwanl .384 

Jacquet,  JohuD. 167 

Jackson,  Henry 167 

Jacques,  Denton 168 

Jackson,  Captain 170 

Jenifer,  Daniel,  messenger 49 

Jenkins,  Francis 78 

Jenkins,  Mr 78 

Jennings,  Thomas..  120,  336,  339, 

381. 

Jefferson 147 

Jenifer,  Danl.  of  St.  Thos... .323 

Jennings,  Mr.  George 339 

Jeffrey's  Point 353 

Jeffrey,  Jig 352 

Jewess  Steamboat. 268 

Jewess  reaches  Annapolis 268 

24 


Jewess'  passengers  disorderly. 269 

Jewess  overcrowded 368 

Jewess  cast  loose 870 

Jefferson,  George  W 838 

Jennings,  Edmond 303 

Jermings,  Thomas,  barrister  .907 

Jennings,  Mrs.  Ann 308 

Journals,  extracts  from 40 

Johnson,  James,  charged  with 

slander,  convicted 46 

Johnson,  Reverdy  studant  of 

St.  .John's 65 

Jowles,  Esq.,  Hon.  Henry. ...  67 

Johnson,  James 71,  139 

John.LeMler 71 

Jones,  Evan 76,  86,  88 

Jones',  Evan,  shallup 4..,  83 

Jones,  Thos 87,  330,  305 

John,  Beall,  Esq 97 

John,  Jones,   a  "midatto  fel- 
low"  100 

Jordan,  Capt 110 

John ,  Captain  Isaac ...Ill 

Johnson,  ship. .    113 


370 


INDEX. 


Johnson,  Thos,  Jennisgs,  Esq.123 
Jockey  Club  in  Annap.  ...141,  158 

Jones,  Miss 147 

Jones,  Eichafd,  J 148,  263 

Josepli  &  Belsliazzar,  cantatas 

of 148 

Johnson,  Thomas 131,  176 

Johnson,  Thos,  Jr.. .165, 168, 1G9, 

170,  «77. 
Johnson,  Thos.  first  Rep.  Qov.183 

Johnson,  Gov 183 

Johnson,  Gov.  threats  against. 134 
Joy  over  Cornwallis's  sui-rend.lSS 

Johnson,  Eeverdy 2i4,  257 

Journey  o!  V.'achington 219 

Jockey' Club  of  Annapolis. . .  .r.22 

Johnson.  Geov?,e. ....  I. -9 

Jones,  Eichard ^29 

Jones,  Col.  U.  S.  A 2i0 

Jones,  Col 242,243 

Johnson,  John "^SO,  $103,  2J3 

Jones,  William 257 


Johnson.  Thomas,  Gov 260 

Jones,  William,  Hon 264 

Jones,  Com.  T.  Ap  Catesby...,265 

Johnson,  George,  death  of 278 

Johnson,  Reverdy,  born  at  A,276 

Johnson,  David 305 

Johnson,  Reverdy,  house  in... 808 

■Jones,  Thos,  R 31S 

Johnson,  Gen,  Bradley  T. . .  .320 

Journal  of  Father  White 327 

Journal  to  be  kept 388 

Jonathr.n,  Fir.kney 166 

Jones,  Le-is 167 

Jury  of  r.'<:le  women 44 

Jury  and  flommitlce  Rooms. . .  66 

Jury,  veidiet  of 112 

Judicial  nroeeedin.'^s 113 

Juc'lres  o:  t>.e  Court  of  Appeals  231 
Jud^rs  o!l/ieelion  threatened, 311 

Judges  of  Election 335 

JudJ'es  of  Blection  returns 336 


K,  W's,  echool  empowered  to 

receive 79 

Kane,  Col,  Geo,  P 238,269 

Kane,  Col.,  in  front  of  cannon2T2 

Kaiser.  Kenry ?05 

Kalmey,  Jerry  W 305 

Keepers  of  Ihe  liberty  of  Eng- 
land   25 

Kent,  Isle  of 29 

Kendall,  Capt.  (probably  Fen- 

dall.) 36 

Kent  county ^9 

Kennedy,  Dr.  S.  D.  (note), . .  04 

Key,  Piiilip 72 

Key,  Theodoric 72 

Keene,  rector  ot  St,  Anne's..  75 

Keyton     83 

Kent  Island,  Broad  Creek 112 

Kent  Island  to  Annapolis. . .  .112 
Kent  Island,  ferry  boat  oversetll4 

Kent  county  school 126 

Kent,  John.  Esq 130 

Keppel,  Commodore 169 

Keyser,  Ephraim 187,  324 

Key,  Frar-cis  Scott 213 

Kerr,  John  Leeds 225 

Keith,  John 229 

Kent  Island 238 


Kent,  Eon.  Joraph 239 

Keene,  Robt.T 248 

Kent,  x)octor 356 

Herman,  IJichael,  sergeant...  .299 
KeCer,  Cr.pt.,  Pi-ovcst  MarshalSlO 
KeSer,  Tli'os.,  Provost  iiars".:al313 

Kenny,  John  student 321 

Key,  rvocert 167 

Keiso,  James 170 

King's  K&uie  not  in  commissio  25 

King  sulmltted  to     57 

King  f.'iproved  the  resolution.  57 
King   Inanks    for    redeeming 
MiiiyLvnd  from  ''a  tyran- 
nial  Popish  government".  57 
King  Willi.vm's  school  estab. .  65 
King  William's  school,  .63, 77,  78, 

n,  1G9 

King  William's  school's  friends  79 
King  William's  school  re-or- 

g;inized ...  - 79 

King  William,  Academy  of. . .  80 

Killbour.ie,  Chas 86 

King  f.nd  the  fish- women 99 

King  Birthday 101 

King's  anniversary 137 

King's,  the,  passengers 167 

King  George,  th«  Third 175 


INDEX. 


371 


Kirkweli  aud  Blackwell,  ship- 
builders  158 

King  Abraham  and  Quesn  Sa- 
rah  161 

King  William's  school  fuaJs.  S.25 

Kilty,  Williaui i:23,  S36 

Kilty,  John 230 

Killman,  Mr.  Nicholas iilS 

King,  J.  Guesi IIQ,  325 

Killiuar  of  William  Stiiuley. .  .3.:0 


Kirkiand .  Ilobert  166 

EIrUy.  Taomas 167 

KLj^sbui-y,  James 167 

King.  John 167 

King,  Thomas,  Jr., 281 

King,  Thomas 261 

Kiiby,  William 201 

Know  Nothings 345 

Knapp,  Ensign 330 

Kolk,  Richard 87 


Langford's,  John,  deiaace  of 

Capt.  Stone 19 

Langford,  John ~5 

Lawcon,  John l-l 

Lawrence,  Hon.  Cir  Tuos.  .6i,  67 

Laulhorne  to  be  huag  oui G7 

Lawi';?nce,  Sir  ll.oji'.s C? 

Lands,  geciuieul.  aud  tras.  for  ^1 

Laws  end  privileges £3 

Laws  of  the  provi-^oe C? 

Lapear,  MuttheTr,    sentenced 

to  death ll4 

Ladies  dres^  diicussad 1-3 

Law  lej,rning  of  America i£7 

Latin  notes  in  A::uu;3oii3 1-7 

Lammoud,  Joha,  masiciaa....:CO 
Laadsdale,  Joha,  sLo9inal:3r.lS3 

Law  sign ■'.?0 

Dawson,  Alexandria l39 

Last  English  GoreiMor l52 

Landing  of  G  or.  Ed?u 15'3 

Launch  of  the  Lovely  L'ancy  1^3 

Lady  L^e  aad  Matilda 1"8 

Landing  of  cargo  relassd 116 

Lawrence,  Jno.  ordarad  to  de- 
part  ICI 

La  Payette's  stratagem 1C7 

La  Fnyette,  Gen It8,  197,  11>G 

La  Fayette  naturalized 107 

Lady  lectures 231 

La  l\xyette's  visij  to  Aiu:ap..239 
La  Fayette's  reply  to  liayor  of 

Annapolis !l'4j 

Larimoi  e,  William  257 

Lavalette,  Capt.  E.  A.  T £65 

Landaiirk,  anoieut   falls 237 

La  Fayette,  Gea 334 

Laurie,  Rev.  Dr 304 

La  Fayette  entertained  under 
poplar 309 


Labors  of  writing  History 326 

Lanes,  powers  over '. 388 

Lambert,  Robert 167 

Lanj:,  Robert 168 

Lappington,  Thomas 170 

Le;;-i3latiu-e  at  Patuxeat 31 

Le./i?,  C.iptaiii ...  36 

Le„'l3,  Lieut.  Wm.  executed.  36 

L?^-jet,  Mr.  exe^atad 36 

Lsvies  to  flg'ub  Ir.diaas 38 

Legislature  resist  easroachm't  50 
Loglol„t;;re  peculiarly  Protest  58 
Lsgialiiture  gives   tne  denial 

dae  it 61 

Legislature's  reply  to   Saint 

Mary's 

Lsary  Neck  Cove 61 

LegisL-'oUre  first  session  in  A . .  63 
Lsgi:*Litura  tidjourns  to  an  ale  68 

houL;3 

Lsgisl.iture  fails  to  help  St.  63 

Anne's 70 

Leave  to  build  a  gallery  in  St. 

Aaae's  71 

Lendrum,  T.  rec.  of  St.  Anne's  75 

Lsndram,  Moatc:oiuery 75 

LegisLiture  receives  severe  re- 

flsctioii 82 

Leg-slature  and  Gov.  Sharp, 

messages  between 101 

Legislature  r.nd  Gov.  Bladen.  104 
Logislatare  resists  taxation....  105 
Leglshiture  i;ppoiuts  Gov.  OglellS 

Legislature  prorogued 113 

Lendrum,  Rev.  Andrew 115 

Lstters  of  the  first  citizen 121 

Legislature,  Assembly  of  Md..l2l 

Lee,  General 154 

Lee,  Gov 158 

Lecture  byalady 221 


372 


INDEX. 


Lee,  John 322 

Letherbury ,  Peregrine 223 

Lefipard  ts.  Chesapeake  226 

Lendrum,  Lient 242 

Lemon,  two  halves  cause  a  riot. 270 
Legislature  convened  by  Gov. 

Hicks 285 

Letter  of  Seward  to  Gov.  Hick.s280 
Letters  of  Bntler  to  Gov.nicks.291 

292,  293,  294,  295. 
Leslie,  Norman  O.  Sergeant. .  .299 
Legg,  Charles,  heroic  act  ol...319 

Legg,  Mr.  James 319 

Lee,  Thos.  PhiUp 167 

Line  of  plantations 18 

Liberty's 18 

Life  in  the  colony 40 

Likened  to  a  conquered  people  51 
Lightning  broke  into  the  State 

House 67 

Lightning  kills  and    wounds 

several  delegates 67 

Lightning  injures  State  House  67 

License  to  build  a  chapel 70 

Library  of  St.  John's 79 

Likeness  of  Queen  Anne's.;....  80 

Library,  Maryland  State 98 

Liberties,  infringement  of 108 

Lightning,  schr.  Peggy.struck 

by 110 

Lightning  strikes  Court  House  119 

Litigious  spirit 144 

Life  of  fasliion  and  frirolty...  .144 

Linthicura,  Benjamin 158 

Library  of  the  State 163 

Liberty  tree  at  Annapolis 174 

Licensed  vessels 177 

Licenses 184 

Linthicum 245 

Linthicum.  Wesley. 248.  249,  250 

Lincoln,  election  of 281 

Lincoln's  calls  for  Md.  quota.285 

Lincoln,  A 288,290 

Li  ^uor  sei;5ed  by  Provst  Guard .  301 

Lit  ::e,  Benjamin 305 

Lic?ase  to  sell  liquor  in  Anna. 339 
Liqnrs,  sale  of,  inAnn.ipolis.339 
LloVj.Edw.  made  Commander  31 
LloyJ,  Edward,  and  77  others  27 
Lloyd,  Edw....29,  30,  31.  44,  266 

Lloyd.  Philip 97 

Lloyd,  Governor 306 

Lloyd,  Gov.  and  wife 330 

Lloyd,  Ensign .320 


Lord' Baltimore 17, 

19,  24.  25. 
Lord  Baltinifu-e   indignant  at 

Puritans 2$ 

Lord  Baltiin<u-e  writes  to  Gov. 

Stone 33 

Lord   Baltimore  directs  Gov. 
Stone  to  proceed  ag.ainst 

Puritans 23 

Lord  Baltimore  clmrged  with 

adhering  to  rebels 34 

Lord  Baltimore's  enemies 34 

Lord  Baltimore's  agents 27 

Lord  Balto.  kept  his  patent...  31 
Lord  Baltimore  upbraids  Gov. 

Stone 81 

Lord  Baltiinorp's  officers  begin 

todivulge 33~ 

Lord  of  Hosts  manifested 36 

Lord  Baltimoi-e's  instructions.  36 
Lord   Baltimore's  declaration 
on  freedom  of  religion... .   37 

Loss  of  State's  Records 40 

Lord  Proprietor,  a  scandal  to 

the 41 

Lord  Proprietary  to  be  con- 
sulted about 43'- 

Lord  Pi'oprietary  seeks  an  inter- 
view with  Lower  House. .  50 
Lower  House  take  very  heavily 
to  be  liken  to  a  conquered 

people 51 

Lower  House  insists  on  their 

rights 51 

Lots  to  be  laid  off.  1683 5» 

Lots  to  revert,  1683 53 

Lower  House  refuses  to  concur 
in   punishment  of  Major 

Truman 55 

Lord  Baltimore,  residence  of.  56 
Ijord  Baltimore  orders  his  Gov. 
to  proclaim  William  and 

Mary 57 

Lord  Baltimore   promises  not 

to  remove  Capital 59" 

Loss  of  Records  of  St.  Anne's.  6S 
Lower  House  ready  to  build  a 

clmrch 68 

Lowe,  S 71 

•Lord  Baltimore,  friend  of 73 

Lord  Baltimore  intercedes  for 

Rev.  Mr.  Allen 73 

Lord  Propi-ietary 79 

Lord  l^altimore,  portrait  of....  80 


INDEX. 


373 


Lord's  Day 90 

LotsofK.  W's.   School 96 

Lock,  William,  Esq 97 

Lot  for  Custom  House 97 

Lots  who  should  kill,  drawing. 103 

Louisbura:,  rejoicing  over 103 

Lower    House    wants    infor- 
mation  108 

Loyall,  Captain 114 

Loundes,  Christopher 118 

Lowe,  Captain  James 118 

Loyalty  in  Annapolis 13(j 

Loyalty,  intense  in  Annap....l39 

Long  Island,  citizens  of 150 

Lord  Baltimore 153 

Lord  Dunmore 1.55 

liovely  Xancy 158 

Lottery,  first  in  province.  ....  159 

Lottery  for  St.  .fohn's   213 

Loockerman.  William 224 

Lottery,  public  in  Annapob's.22(> 

Long,  John 292 

Location  of  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy at  Annapolis 2(54 


Long,  R.  C 263 

Lockwood,  Prof 266 

Loockerman,  T.  C.  shot  271 

Lockwood,  Jas.  Booth,  born  at 

Annapolis 378 

Lord  Lyons  suggested  as  medi- 
ator  389,296 

Lomack,  Louis 305 

Loockerman,  Richard 307 

Loockerman,  Mrs.  F.  T 307 

Looal  Election  in  Annapolis... 31,3 
Local  Sensation  at  Annapolis.  320 

Local  Option  in  Annapolis 325 

Local  Improvement  Ass'n. . .  .325 
Loockerman,  Jr.,  Mr.  Jacob. .  82 

Low,  IMaJor 84 

Lusby,  Baldwin 71 

Luxurious  habits  of  Annap. . .  91 
Luxury,  fashion,  commerce.. .  93 
Lucas,  Sipheorous,  executed...  117 
Lucas,  Chas.  alias  Powell,  J  no.  135 

Lucas,  Captain  James 139 

Lutheran  Church 305 


M 


Made  a  settlement 

Magothy  River 18, 

Marsh,  Thomas 21.  29, 

Maryland,  made  a  shuttle-cock 

Magazine  of  arms 

Matthew,  Tliomas 

Maryland  and  Virginia  united 
against  Indians  

Major  Th.is.  Trueman 

Major  Trueman  broke  his  m- 
structions  

Major  Tiuemau  guilty  as  im- 
peached  

Mayor,  the,  of  St.  Mary's 

Mayor,  &c.,  of  St.  Mary's,  ad- 
dress of 

Market  in  Annapolis. 

Major  Dorsey's  house 

Marchaud,  Mrs.  Margaret. . . 

Magazine  for  everything  liut 
powder 

Marriage  licenses,  1G')7 

Marriott,  Emanuel  

Maccubbiu,  Moses 

Maccubbin.  James.. .  71,  331, 

Malcome,  rector,  of  St.  Anne's 

Mayor  of  Annapolis 


18    Masters  of  K.  W's.  school,  Da- 

178  ken  &  Iligginbotham 80 

30    Maryland,  Eastern  Shore  of..  81 
2G    MagTiziue  and  powder-house. .  82 

32    Macall,  Mr 84 

47    Maryland,  voyage  to 91 

Maryland  Gazette 94 

54    Maryland  Historv,  relic  of 95 

54  Manartee,  Capt.' Dan'l 96,97 

Macnemara,  Thomas 97 

55  Market  House,  site  for 98 

Maryland  State  Library 98 

55     Marvelous  in  Gaaette 101 

57  Maryland,  the  Treasurer  of. ...106 
Magnificent  dwellings 108 

58  Material  transitions 108 

(54    Matchlock  of  Maryland 108 

64  McNemara,  Michael 110 

65  Man uf acture  ot  osnabrig Ill 

Maccubbin.  5Ir.  Nicholas 112 

66  Masters  iU-trejit  servants 112 

69    Mayor's  plate 112 

71     Marriott,  Mr i.  Elizabeth 118 

71     Manufactoi-y.  slocldng 120 

226    Mackubin,  UicUard,  servrait  ofl20 

75  Man  killed  by  a  woman 121 

76  Mayer.  Frank  B.  ^in  note)   ...122 


874 


INDEX. 


Maryland,  the,  Gazette 125 

Marshe,  Mr.,  Secretary. ..133,  133 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Charles  I.. ..135 
Masons  establishf^d  in  Annap.138 
Masonic  celebration  in  Annap.138 
Marriage  ceremony  in  Americal42 

Maryland  Politics 143 

Madstrates 143 

Malone 147 

Masonic  Opera  House 148 

Maryland  Convention.  .154,  180, 

323 
Maryland,    Virginia   Conven- 
tion to 155 

Matilda  and  Lady  Lee 158 

Maryland  Avenue 158 

Marine  Railway 158 

May-pole 159 

Mayer,  F.  B 1G4,  330,  335 

Marybury,  Beriah...l67,  181,189, 
239 

Maryland,  declaration  of 180 

Maryland  troops ...183 

Martha,  wife  of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton  ...183 

Maccubbin,  Nicholas,  .Jr 187 

Mann,  Mr 301 

Mann's  Hotel. ..201,  333,  253,  30G 

Maccubbin,  Mrs.  James 305 

Macall,  Benj 320 

Martin,  Luther 233 

Masonic  celebration . , 333 

Mann,  Lieut.,  U.  3.  N 327 

Magruder.  A.  C 387 

Mayor's  Court 238 

Maryland  Republican 333,  334 

Madison,  Mr 283 

Madison,  Fort 334 

Magruder.  Col.  Hy 339,  355 

Marine  Band 343 

Magill,  Charles 249 

Mann,  Col 352,  305 

Magruder,  Alex.  C 254,  255 

Madison,  President  and  wife.. 254 

Magruder,  John  II.  T 263 

Madison,  President 264 

Mayo,  Isaac 205 

Marcy,  Gov.,  Secretary  of  War365 
Martial  Spirit  in  Annapolis  in 

1860 282 

Magruder,  JohnR.,  speech  of.382 
Magruder,  John  R..284,  297,  308 
Macfeely,  R.,  Lieut.,  reports 
to  Gov.  Hieks 388 


Mayor  of  Annapolis  protests.  .296"' 
Marchand,  Francis  T.,  house. 303 

Matzen,  Henry 305 

Martin,  George 305 

Mason,  Mrs.  Judge  J.  Thomp.307 
Martin,  Ex-Mayor,  Thos.  E.  307, 
308 

Mally, -Johns 315 

Maryland  Hotel,  Co 316 

Market  Space  319 

Mahan,  Lieut 330 

Maryland  reduced  to  submis- 
sion   35- 

Maryland,  Governors  of 11 

Mr.yors  of  Annapolis 13 

Maintenance  of  bridges  to  An- 
napolis  343 

Maintenance  of  roads  to  Annap343' 

Maryland,  voyage  to 337 

Maryland  reached 330 

Mayor  shall  qualify  as 835' 

Maconochia  John 167 

Mackubiu,  Richard 167 

Maw,  James 167 

Mackel,  Charles 167 

Macken, Thomas 188 

Mael,  Matthias 168 

ManarJ.  James i68 

Mayo,  Thomas 170' 

McPherson,  Rev.  John,  rector 

of  St.    Anne's 71,75 

McDowell  Hall. ..90.  314,317,  803 
McCoy,  Alex.,  Irish  servant... lOO 
McKennie.  Donald,  executed..  116- 
McCoy,   Morris,  executed  for 

murder 131 

McCoy,  Morris,   gibbeted 131 

McCarty.  Hugh,  Sir 136 

McNeir,  Thos.,  thigh  broken. .149 

McLachlan,  Capt 151 

McDaniel,  Sarah 158 

McHenry,  James 199,  200 

McHand,  Isaac,  loaned  money 

by  city  300 

McDowell,  John  A.  M...209,  213, 
219 

McPherson,  Wm.  H 239 

McMechen,  Elizabeth 229 

Md.  Gazette,  poem  in,  on  St. 

Anne's 73 

M'Faden,  James 233 

McCeney,  .Toseph 256 

McKean,  Commodore 266 

:McAllister,  Capt.  Robt 368 


INDEX. 


375 


McAllister's,  Capt.,  company.270 

McNew,  Basil,  shot 271 

McNew,  Basil,  arrested 300 

MeCuUough,  Passamore 301 

McN'eir,  Geo 304 

McXamara's  Row. 304 

McCullough,  Lt.  S.  T.,  deliv- 
ers oration 315 

McCullough,  S.  T 316 

McCardy,  John,  engineer 320 

McKenzie 167 

McDonal 168 

McCarty,  Con 168 

Merryman,  James 21 

Meet  and  treat  in  the  woods...  28 
Men  of  quality  force  to  fly. ...  33 
Messengers  between  Stone  and 

Puritans 34 

Men  of  St.  Mary's 34 

Merchants,  factors,   and   ma- 
riners to  trade  at  ports....  53 
Meetiug-house  of  Purltaas....   69 
Members  of  Port  of  Annap. . .  93 

Men  wa,lking  on  water 101 

Membars  of  the  House  of  Dale- 
gates 103 

Men  sold  for  fees Ill 

Meeting  of  freemen  of  Annap.139 

Memory  of  St.  Tamina 141 

Meeting  of  County  and  City...  176 
Meeting  to  offer  jurisdiotioa  to 

Congress 199 

Mercer,  John  T 223 

Mercer,  Col.  Francis 224 

Mercer,  John  P 233 

Mealing,  Wm 335 

Methodist  meeting  house 343 

Meeting,  public 2*9 

Meeting  o£  workingmeu 'iiS 

Me?;sage  of  Gar.  Hicks  to  Leg.293 

Message  to  Washington 296 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  .303 

Methodist  Church,  second 304 

Memorial,  St.  Anne's  Mission 

Chapel 312 

Melvin,  Geo.  T 324 

Members  who  voted  for  State 

subscription 7 

Merriweather,  Rueben 170 

Missionaries  sent  to  Quakers..  66 
Mills,  Edward,  negro  boy  . .  .100 

Mitchel,  James,  drowned 116 

Miscreants,  gang  of,  in  Annap.  1<;0 
Militia  training 130 


]Mis3  Hallam,  poetry  about. ...147 
Military  Commission  resigned 

by  Washington 163 

Militia,  formation  of 175 

Militia  called  out 183 

Mifflin,    Gen ,.201,206 

Mifflin's,    Gen.,     address    to 

Washington 207 

Military  art ' 227 

Middleton,  William 229 

Middleton,  Gilbert 229 

^Military  camp  at  Annap. 233,  238 

Miller,  Capt -334 

Mitchell,  Geo.  E 239 

Miller's  Hill 340 

Miller,  Jamas  263 

]Mill,  deadly  fire  about  to  be 

made  from 271 

Millions,  Charles  Carroll's 275 

Military  display  in  Annapol:s.283 
Military  possession  of  A.  &  B. 

R.  R 296 

Military  Station,  an  important296 

Miller,  Oliver 297,  311,  313 

Miller,  John ,03 

Miller,  Chief  Judge 319 

Mitchell,  Lieut §2-0 

Minor  liquor  law 339 

Mitchell 167 

Minsky.  Nicholas 167 

Morris,  Mr.  Robert,  shoots  at 

Puritans 35 

Mobbed,  Rev.  Mr.  Allen 72 

Montgomery,    rector    of     St. 

Anne's '. 75 

Mode  of  electing  delegates 86 

Montgomery,  Capt Ill 

Mogg.  Sol.,  the  sexton 125 

Mosaic  of  sendment 140 

Morris 147 

Morris,  Mrs 148 

Mobbing  of  Hood 150 

Mourning,  Gazette  in 150 

Mob  gathers 153 

Montague,  Geo.,  Capt 156 

Montague,     Capt.,  refuses  to 

give  up  deserter 157 

Morris,  Gov.  of  Philadelphia.  160 

Mount  Vernon 207 

Morgan,  Wm 222 

Mourning  for  Washington 224 

Morgue,  Joe 259 

Monroe,  President 255 

Morality  and  ready  money 257 


S76 


INDEX, 


Monument  to  Chas.  Carroll.... 263 

Morse,  Col.  Augustus 299 

Monument  to  Cliarles  Legg...3l9 

Morrison,  Robert 1G6 

Moor,  Robert 167 

Molleson,  R 168 

Mr.  Lloyd 23 

Mr.  Harrison 23 

Mr.  Richard  Preston's  House.  32 
Mr.    John     Hammond    seizes 

recoi-ds 32 

Mrs.  Stone 35 

Mrs.  Henry's  hauteur 148 

Mr.  Waters'  horse  Parrott 159 

Mr.  Mann's,  pu])lic  dinner  at. 218 

Mr.  George  Mann 221 

M'Parlin.  William 255,  261 

Mt.  Moriah  Congregation 305 

Murders  having  been  commit.  54 

Munro,  Sarah 100 

Murder * 101 

Murdei-ers  hanged 102 


Murdock,  Esq.,  Mrs , 119 

Muster  days 130 

Munroe,  James,  store  of 157 

Murders  bv  Indians 160 

Murray,  James.  168,  220,229,  261 
Murray,  Sarah,  acrostic  to. ...224 

Muir,  John 225,  226,  227,  230 

Muir,  Capt 227 

Murray,  Henry  M...259,  301,  302 

Murdock,  Miss  Eliza 282 

Municipal  Election  in  Annaj).284 

Munroe,  Grafton 261,  304 

Munroe,  Grafton,  Jr 316 

3Iunroe,  James 304 

Musgravc.  Geo.  W.,  I).  D 304 

3Iuscum.  the  State 324 

Munroe.  C.  E 325 

Murrow,  Richard 167 

Munroe,  William 167 

Myers,  rector  of  St.  Anne's...  75 

Myers,  lly.  B 159 

''My  Lady's  Bower" 307 


N 


Nansemoud  River 19 

Naval  Officers  of  the  province. 105 

Tsaval  OiBcerf;'  bond. 107 

Nancy  and  Abigial 108 

Native  shrewdness 144 

Naval  Com.  description  of  A.  145 

Naval  Academy 148 

Native  of  North  British 185 

Naturalization  of  LaFayettte.197 
Naval  Depot  at  A.  agitated... 254 
'Nat.  Turner's  insurrection. .  .261 
Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis.'264 
Naval  Academy,  resolution ou264 

Naval  Academy  opened 266 

Naval  Academy,  additions  to.. 267 

Naval  Academy,  area  of 267 

Naval  Academy  of  advantage 

to  AnnajX)iis 268 

Naval     Academy,      battalion 

cheer ',  ....282 

Naval  Academy  pulsates  with 

war  news 285 

National  Flag  on  State  House 298 

Na^i-les  biscuit 307 

Naval  Academy  reserves 315 

Naval  Academy  helj)S  trade. ..319 
Narrative  of  the  voyage  to  JMd  327 

Natives  of  Maryland 332 

Negotiations  for  a  settlement.  17 


Negative  voice  of  his  Ijordship  27 
News  of  the  Golden  Fortune . .  32 
New  political  condition  of  l*rov  79 

Nefarious  plot 83 

Neivill,  Samuel 86 

Newspaper,  the  first  in  Md... .  94 

Negroes  ear  cropped 95 

New  Town 97 

Newspaper,  second  in  Md !i8 

News  in  the  Gazette 99 

Newest  make  from  Paris 101 

Negro  man's  Land  cut  off  by 

sentence 102 

Negroes  burnt  to  death 103 

Negro  women  executed 116 

Negro,  Bristol,  aged  r25 120 

Negro,   Daniel,   eiecuted    for 

murder  131 

Negro  accidentally  killed 121 

News  o:  Cornwallis's  surrend..l88 

Nephews  of  Washington 222 

Neth,  Lewis 167,  226,  307 

Negro,  Ruth 239 

News  of  Peace  celebrated. . .  .239 

Nelh,  Captain 243 

New  London 257 

Ney,  Marsha]  of  France 258 

Negro  fugitives  delivered    to 

Sheriff 399 


INDEX 


377 


Negro  Soldiers 313 

Newell,  J.  T.  I.rakeman 3'30 

Newspapers  of  Annapolis.  . . .  324 

Neal,  Tliomas IGT 

Nicholson,  Col.  (Governor) ...  57 

Nicholson,  Col 58 

Nicholson,  Gov 60,  78 

Nicholson,  Gov.  indignant....  63 
Nicholson,  Gov.  given  a  lot. .  64 

Nicholson's  cove 64 

Nickolson,   Francis,   Gov.67,  78, 

302. 
Nicholson,  Gov.  selects  a  site 

of  St.  Anne's 69 

Nicholson.  Gov.  active  for  St. 

Anne's 69 

Nicholson,  Beall 71 

"Nineteen,  Tlie Glorious"' 244 

Nicholson,  Rebecca 266 


Nineteenth  of  April 284 

Nichol.'Son,  Jos.  H 311 

Nicholson  and  Hollahan 318 

Nicholson,  Richard .  .167 

Niven,  William 167 

Nicholson,  George 168 

Norfolk  county 19 

No  oath,  no  land 19 

No  answer  to  Pur.  poposals. . .   33 
No  precedent  for  sudden  i-e- 

moval  of  Capital 60 

Norwood,  Mr.  Andrew 63 

Norwood,  Mr.  Samuel 69 

Non-attendance  upon  church.  71 

Novarre,  John 87 

North  side  of  Severn 90,  118 

"Noah's  Ark, "injured  by  tire. 313 

Noke,  William 167 

Norris,  John 167 


Oaths  of  allei,-iauces 17 

Oath  modified  for  the  Puritans  23 

Oaths  usually  appointed 88 

Oath  unknown  to  the  Laws.  ..310 
Obedient  to  commonwealth... .  28 
Observing  festival  of  St.  Geo.  136 
Obituary  of  Nicholas  Brewer. 263 
Objects  of  L,  Balto'ssettlem't  32-7 
Offer  of  A.  A.    no  answer  to 

^    Legislature's  proposal 57 

Officers     of     the       province, 

residence  of 58 

Offices  open  in  spite  stampact., 151 

Officv-rs  of  the  Hornet 152 

Offer  for  U.  S.  Capital 199 

Ogilvie,  Patrick  87 

Ogleby.  Patrick 97 

Ogle,  Saml.  Gov 98,  111,  307 

Ogle,  Miss  Anne,  dies 112 

Ogle,  Gov.  rtills  extra  session.  113 
Ogle's,  Gov.  s])eeeh  toLegis...ll3 
Ogle,    Gov.    disapjiointed    by 

Legislature 113 

Ogle,  Gov.  Samut  i,  dies 117 

Ogle,  Samuel,  Em^.  and  lady.  137 

Ogle.  Ann,  Mrs 254 

•Ogle,  House,  The 307 

O'Hara.  W 206 

Old  clock,  old  hall,  old  Annap.  122 
Old  callerv  torn  down 162 


Oldest  iahabilants 350 

Old  Blue  Church        308 

One  hundred  acres  to  lie  laid 

off 53 

One  of  the  signers 149 

Opening  of  Naval  Academy.  ...266 

Opening  of  the  Civil  War 281 

Opening  of  Bay  Ridge 323 

Orders  in  Annapolis 63 

Organist  in  St.   Anne's,  Mr. 

Woodcock 75 

Orme,  Dennis,  slave  of 298 

Oration  of  S.  T.  Wallis 334 

Osnabrigs  manufactured  in  A. Ill 

Osborne 147 

Otter,  the  sloop  178 

Other  Ancient  Houses 308 

Out-look  of  the  city 109 

Overt  act  committed  by  Gov. 

Stone..- 32 

Overcrowding  of  the  Jewess  .268 

Owens,  John  E. 148 

Owner  of  Ramney  and  Long.  .158 

Owen,  Mr.  Richard 212 

Owen,  Edwai-d ....16,7 

Owens,  Saml 167 

Oyster  creek 31 

Oyster  House 158 

Ov.ster^-,  wealth  of 275 

Oyster  vessel  seized  by  Gov. ...299 


Part  of  ^Annapolis 19    Puritans 30 


378 


INDEX 


Parishioners'  gallery    in    St. 

Anne's 75 

Patuxent  and  Severn 28,  32 

Patuxent  River 29,  56,  96 

Palmer's  Island  29 

Patuxent  county 31 

Packer.  Mr 34 

Papist  taken  prisoners 36 

Papistry 46 

Patuxent 38,  111 

Paper  and  Meddall 55 

Parliamentary  commissioners.  56 
Patuxent,  place  of  meeting  of 

Assembly 56 

Papers  of  collectors  and  Naval 

Officers 66 

Papers  of  clerk  of  House  of 

Delegates 66 

Parishioners  20  miles  from  St. 

Anne's 69 

Parsonage  in  Annapolis 72 

Paca.  William. 74,  121.  161,  165, 

168,  169,  170,  176,  196,  202, 

205,  2S0. 
Parks,  William,  printer.  ...94,  95 

Parks,  William 97 

Pages  of  Gazette  reSect  history  100 

Parish  of  St.  Anne's ...  108 

Palatines,  SiOO 108 

Patapsco Ill,  191 

Pain,  B.  tried  for  blasphemy.  114 
Pain,  Bevis,  bored  through  the 

tongue 114 

Parr,  ]\Lark,a  remarkable  roguelH 

Pannelled  walls 128 

Pavements,  no. 129 

Palatines  offered  for  sale I'M) 

Party  prejudices  waived 140 

Pardons 143 

Pay  of  members,  (note) 143 

Passion  week 147 

Page 147 

Parker 147 

Parole  of  Gov.  Eden 154 

Packet  of  letters  seized 154 

Parliament 172 

Packet  upset  off  Magothy. .  .224 

Parker,  Mr.  Isaac 235 

Patrol  on  South  River 281 

Palmetto  flag  hoisted  in  A...  .284 

Parole,  Camp 300 

Parsonage  burnt 304 

Pattterson,  Rev.  J.  M 304 

Paca  Dwelling,  The 307 


Paca,  Governor 307" 

Parker,   Jonathan 167 

Parker,  John 168 

Parrott,  Samuel 261 

Peace  of  the  Colony 23 

People  of  North  Patux.  petit.  27 

Peaceable  and  loving  way .  28 

People  of  Patuxent  &  Severn .  38 

Pbter,  .Jafer 30 

Peace  in  the  Province 31 

People  of  Providence 34 

Petition, save  lives  of  St. Mary's 

men 36 

Pedro,  Jno.  a  Ger.  executed...  36 
Peaoe,  treaty  ot   with  Indians 

ia  16G3 40 

Perrie,  William 43 

People   of  St.   Jtary's    make 

stern  effort 57 

People  of  St.   jMary's  beseech 

Gov.  Nicholson 57 

People  of  St.  J\Iary's  try  to 

keep  Capital 58- 

People  of  St.  Mary's  raise  stock  59 

Petition  from  lluth  Gregg 69- 

Permission  asked  to  build  a 

chapel 70' 

Petition  for  a  gallery,  1728... .  70' 
Personal  chastisement,    Rev. 

Mr.  Allen 73 

Pcarce,  Col 83 

Peacocke 83 

Petition  of  Cor.  of  Annapolis.  86 
Petition  of  Charter  of  Anna- 
polis acted  upon 87 

Perquisites,  fees,  profits 90 

Perjury 101 

Persons  of  the  Romish  Com...  )02 
Peggy,  schnr.  struck  by  light- 

i.ing 110 

Pew  gives  way 110 

Peale,  Mr.  Charles 125 

Peale,  Charles  Wilson 126 

Petition  of  single  females  of  A.  133 

P.  P.  P.  P.  P 136 

People  of  Annapolis  loyal.  . . .  136 
Perry,  Mary,  sentenced  to  die. 139 

Peace,  celebration  of 221 

Performers,  dramatic 146 

Pendleton,  Edw 155 

Peggy  Stewart,  burning  of... 169, 

170,  174. 
Peace,  treaty  of,  celebrated. ..194 
Peace  meetings 233. 


INDEX 


379' 


Peace  celebration 2;'!9 

Pennsylvanians,  company  of. ..253 
Peale,  Chas.  W.  born  at  A. ...378 

Peck,  Thomas,  D.  D 304 

Porter,  Rear  Admiral,  D.  D..315 
Petty  burglaries  and  arsons. ..316 

Peaco,  Samuel 261 

Philip,  William,  branded 114 

Phantom   pleasure  pursued...  141 

Photograph  ©f  Hood 149 

Philip,  Capt.  John 373 

Philadelphia,  U.  S.  Ship 308 

Philips,  Solomon 304,  313 

Piccard,  Mr.  Nicholas 40 

Piseattoways 54 

Pinkney,  Wm.    student  of  K. 

W's  School 65 

Pinkney,  Wm.  native  of  An. .  65 
Pinkn«y  and  Johnson,   peers 

of  any 65 

Pinkney,  Wm.  ...79,  80,  203,  233, 

231,  232. 

Pinnace  for  the  canoe 109 

Pickeman,  Capt 109 

Pillory  in  Annapolis 121 

Pinkney,  Mr.  Robert 131 

Pitt,  portrait  of 163 

PiDkney,  Hall 317 

Piracy  on  Chesapeake 336 

Pinkney,  Joathnan  of  Robt....239 
Pinkney,  banqiitteil  in  Anna  330 

Pinkney,  Wm.  snd  family 254 

Pinkn?y,  Somerville 363 

Pinkney,  Wm.  born  at  Annap.376 

Pikesville,  arsenal  at 395 

Picket  ?uard  captures  a  slave. 298 
Pindie,  T.  N.  eT.Voliing  officer.HOO 

Pinkney,  Joseph 305 

Pinkney  House,  The 308 

Pinkney,  Jonathan .  167,  226,  273, 

283. 

Pipier,  William 167 

Plantations,  line  of 18 

Place,  ought  to  take,  deputies  44 
Plot  that  struck  at  Annap. . .  83 

Pleasure,  Queen's  known 93 

Plater,  George,  Esq 95 

Pleasure  pursued 141 

Plays  on  the  board 147 

Plebian  185 

Plater,  George 197 

Plater,  Gov.  George 320 

Plater,  Col 345 

Planter's  Guards 249 


Porter,  Peter ID- 
Popish  party  begin  to  divulge  32 
Port  made  at  Town  of  Proctors  53- 
Ports,  exportations  to  be  from  58 
Poor  accommodations   of  the 

Ridge 56 

Poem  on  St.  Anne's  in  Gazette  73 
Poem  accomplishes  rebuilding 

of  St.  Anne's 74 

Portraits  of  Queen  Anne  and 

Lord  Baltimore 80' 

Port  of  Annapolis 87,  94 

Port  of  Annapolis,  members  of  96 

Powder-house  Hill 96 

Powders  and  Chinese  stones. ...100 

Pope  riding  upon  his  bull 101 

Poney,  Thomas,  burnt  in  hand.  1 16  ■ 

Powell,  James,  hung 117 

Point,  Windmill 130 

Powell,  Jno.  alias  Chas.  Lucas.135 

Politics 143 

Populace  irritated -  57 

Potomac  River 160' 

Portraits  in  Senate  Chamber.  .162 

Portrait  of  Pitt 163 

Portrait  of  first  Lord  Balto....l63 
Portrait  in  Senate  Chamber. ...104 
Portrait  of  3rd  Lord  Balto...  .164 
Post,  Parliament  prohibited  .176 
Political  prisoner  in  Annapolis.  l89' 
Polit'.cai  I'ued  injures  St.  John's313 

Porter,  Capt.  U.  S.  N 227 

Porter,  Com 254 

Police  for  the  city 257 

Population  of  Annapolis. 258,  280- 

323. 

Polities  a,  heroic  game 274 

Porter,  J.  C.  2nd  Lieut  280 

Poet,  local  on  Col.  Smith 297 

Poplar  on  College  Campus 338 

Poplar  set  on  fire 309 

Porter,  V.  A'l,  D.D 316' 

Poplar  on  St.   John's  set  on 

fire 321 

Powers  of  the  Cor.  of  Annap.. 336- 

Powers  of  Port  Wardens 339 

Powers  of  incorporate  officers.339 

Providence 19,  34 

Protector,  The 34 

Preston,  Richard.35,   28,    31,  32, 

44. 
Providence  sends  a  petition.. .  36 
Preston,  Richard  and  60  others  27 
Providence,  in  church  meeting  38  • 


INDEX 


Preparations  for  war  31    Proprietary,  reveaue  of  tTie....l43 

Proposals  of  Puritans  to  Stone  33    Proctor's,  Town  Land  at 146 

""    Presbyterian  Church 148 

Prisoner,  a  royal    155 


36 


^ropo 

Price,  Col 

Province  restored  to  Lord 
Baltimore 37 

Piescott.  Edward,  arrested,  ac- 
quitted  47,  48 

Providence    changed    to    the 


Proprietary  interest  of  Md 155 

Prince  George  street 158 

Protest   by  citizens  of  Anua- 

_        polls  on  Boston  resolutionsl66 

Town  at  Proctors  52    Proposal  to  burn  Peggy  Stew.174 

;ton's  house.  Rich,  assem-  Private  eorres.  examined 175 

Proclaimed  Governor 182 


oG 


Preston 

bly  meets  at  

Provincial  Couit  removes  to 
the  Eidge 50 

Provincial  Court  removes  from 
the    liidge 50 

Proprietary  proini'^es  not  to  re- 
move Capital  from  St. 
May's  in  his  life 50 

Pr('\-ide"uce  desires  tlift  cajjital  57 

Protestant  religion  f^lablished 
in  Maryland 


Procession  at  Inauguration  of 

Governor 183 

Proclamation  call'g  out  MilitialSS 

Prisoner  in  Annapo'is 189 

Presidents,  four  future 206 

President  Wash.'s  visit  to  A.  .218 

Pryfe,  Thomas ...324 

Prince  George  Street,  wliarf  ...338 

Pratt,  Governor 245,  273 

Price.  Henrv 263 


Protestant.. 57    Proclamation  on  fees 279 


Protestant.  Leg.  ]»eculiarly....  58 

Proctors,  Town  at  58 

Province,   centre  and    riches 

part  of 63 

Trot«ction  for  coloni.sts 71 

Protege  of  the  State.St.  Anne's  73 
Price  of  second  State  House. .  80 
Printed  charter  of  Annapolis..  80 
Provincial  business  in  the  Court 

House 81 

Processes  stayed  at  fairs 90 

Profits,  peniuisites,  fees 90 

PriAileges  and  laws 93 

Printer.  Jonas  Green 98,  113 

Pretender's  Health,   driMking 

of,  punished 137 

'Preface 5 

Prospect  to  Annapolis 90 

Protest  against  Popery 99 

Procession  at  I)epsford...l01,  103 

Pretender,  The 10] 

Prerogative. important  of,  GovlOS 

Proctor's  Landing 108 

Printing  press 108 

Province  famous  as  centre  of 

social  pleasures,  &c 109 

Pretenders  health 110 

Pr&rog.itiou  of  Legislature...  .11.3 

Prison  at  Anua[)olis 114 

Principal  families 138 

Prototype  of  European  social 
life 145 


Proclamation  of  Thanksgiging  281 

Pratt.  Thos.  G 282,  307,  311 

Proclamation  of  Buchanan.  ...283 
Protest  of  Mayor  of  AnnapoHs.296 

Provost  Guard 301 

Provost  Guard  seizes  liquor. ...301 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Anna. 304 

Provost  Marshal  310 

Price's,  Smith,  fire  at 311 

Printing,Gazette  fails  to  obtaiaSlS 
Preparatory    department    St. 

John's  College 312 

Prosperity  of  St.  John's  Col.  .317 
Progenitors  of  inhabitants  of  A334 

Property  of  City  exempt 341 

Prew,  William! 167 

Pryse,  Thomas 167 

Psidter,  Peter 137 

Puritans... 17,  19,   24,32,35,  36, 

Puritan  district Id 

Puritans  refuse   to  take  oath 

of  fealty ••  19 

Puritans  compared  to  snake  in 

fable 30 

Puritans  charged  with  desire 

to  d(Mnmeer 20 

Puritans    send     delegates    to 

Legislature.  1851 30,  23 

Pruvide^ice 20 

Puddington,  Mr 21 

Ptiddington,   George 21 


INDEX 


381 


Puritans  who  settled  Annap...  23 

Price,  Capt.  John 26 

Puritans  petition  the  Com. ...  26 
Puritans  oharge  terms  of  settle- 
ment and  oath  of  fealty  do 

not  agree 20 

Puritans  complain  to  Council 

of  State ♦   26 

Puritans  called  factious  fellows  26 
Puritans  defend  their  conduct.  26 

Puritans  beg  and  bemoan 26 

i*uritans  of  Providence. ..  .31,  33 

Puritans  and  Catholics 32 

Puritans  sends  mes.  to  Stone..  33 
Puritans  grieved  at  their  hum- 
ble message 33 

Puritans'  i:)roposals  to  Stone. .  33 
Puritan  messengers  seized  by 

Stone 33 

Puritans  get  in  rear    of  St. 

Mary's  men 35 

Puritans  win  the  battle  of  the 

Severn 36 

Puritans  lose  four  in  battle  of 

Severn 36 

Puritans    close    matter  after 

their  own  way 38 

Puritivns  execute  4  St.  Mary's  36 


Puritan  Assembly 56" 

Publique  Buildings,    lots   set 

aside  for... 64 

Public  Buildings  left  solely  to 

Province ! 6T 

Puritans,  meeting-house  of...  6ft 
Publication  of  sermon  of  Mr. 

Coney eft- 
Pulled  down  2nd  State  House  81 
Publication,  Guzette  ceased...  95- 

Public  Circle 97 

Public  School  in  Annapolis....  98 

Puritans,  The 108 

Puritanical  ideas  not  prevalentl43 
Public  meeting  about  Boston.. 16.5 

Pulaski's  legion  of  cavalry 184 

Pungent  correspondence 1 85 

Publicola 185 

Public  Dinner  to  Washiugton.193 
Public  dinner  at  Mr.  Mann's.218 

Puritan  disappears 374 

Public    Buildings,     Churches 

and  Ancient  Landmarks.. 303 
Public  School  Building  in  A.. 308' 
Public   Tjands    and  Buildings 

reserved 341 

Public  Cemeteries 342^ 

Pypowdry,  Court  of 90 


Q 


Quakers  and  Indians   disturb 

the  Colony 37 

Quakers,   early  settlement  in 

Maryland 42 

Quakers  petitioning  tx>  affirm.  42 
Quakers,  acts  against  repealed  44 

Quaint  and  sneering  reply 61 

Quakers,  missionaries  sent  to .  66 
Quarrel  with  Daniel  Dulany...  72 

Queen  Anne's  bell  burned 77 

Quaint  and  curious  volumes...  79 

Queen  Anne,  portrait  of 80 

Queen,  defender  of  the  faith .  87 

Queen's  pleasure  known 93 

Queen  Caroline,  birthday  of.  95 
Quarrel  between  Gov.    Bladen 
Mxd  Legislature 105,  106 


Quiver  of  the  Indian 108 

Quarters,  servants' 139^ 

Queen  Anne' s  garden 1 39 

Quebec,  taking  of,  celebration.139 
Queen  Sarah  and  King  Abra- 
ham  161 

Quynn,  .Tohn  Allen 176 

Quaint  and  agreeable 201 

Queen  Anne 255 

Qualifieatiovi    of    members  of 

corporation 335 

Quynn,  Allen. ..71.  177,  187,  198, 
199.  225.  228 

Quynn,  Jr.,  Allen 239 

Quynn,  Caspar 248 

Quota  for  drafts 315 


R 


Ealeigh,  brig, Ill 

Ranks  cf  Colonial  society 126 

Races 128,159 


Races  in  Annapolis 141, 158 

Ravages  by  small-pox 14S 

Raillery,  Annapolis  outlives...  145 


383 


INDEX 


Eace  course,  shipyard  and  In- 
dians  157 

Ramsey,  Col 196 

Bainsav,  Benj.,  Chief  Jud:;e...S23 

Randall,  John 167,  -i27,  237, 

255,  338 

E&ndall.  J.  Jr 258 

Eafferty,  Dr.  Wra 257,  259 

Railroad  between  Bilto.  and 

Annapolis 233 

Randall,  Alex.. .233,  £34,  i.97,  31; 

Ramsay,  Capt.  Francis  M 207 

Railroad  built  tolTaval  Acade.IGG 
Randall,  Mrs.  Alex..  reslJe-.esSOS 

Randall,  J.  Wirt....' 308,  833 

Rr.ndall,  John,  Alex.  11.,  cono"ol3 

RaiuLilI.  Daniel 320 

Raihmd,  A.  f:  B.  S.  L. 823 

Ranken,  George 137 

Ranken.  Gaor^re,  Sir 138 

Reconoiliatioa^of  thePuiItar.s.  21 
Rel»5:'.l  to  izsne  \7rits  in  Com- 
monwealth's name 25 

Rebellion  a';vinst  Lord  L.-lto.  .28 
Rebels  at  Patusent  and  Severn  3.3 
Religious  Liberty  in  iLirybad  3? 

Records  o^  CouiLs ij.  91 

Rebels  to  his  Proprietary 46 

ReprcGjntalive,   I u d i  s  c  reet, 

'  from  A.  A.  Co 49 

Refuses    to    concur,    Upper 

House 51 

Removal  of  capital  to  An:;ap.  55 
Residence  of  Jjord  EaUimore.  {J5 
Revolulian  of  Coode  approved 

bytueKin- ." 57 

Eeli;!?ion  supported  by  ta;:atl3n  57 
Residence  of  officers  of  prov.  53 
Removal  of  Legis.  to  Ridge...  59 
Removal  of  Couits  to  Pii! ja...  59 
Removal  of  capital,  full  house 

regrets 60 

RepuL-ition  of    province,    Sc. 

iiary's  solicitous  for 61 

Reply  of  Legis.  St.  Mary's...  61 
RemoA'al  to  Anaap.,  consnmat  61 

Records  reach  Annapolis 61 

lleport    of   Com.    to  build  a 

church  in  Annapolis  65 

Records  of  Chancery  Couii,,...  66 
Rector,  second,  of  Sj.  Anue's.  69 
Rector,  thiid,  of  St.  Anne's..  09 
Rector,  receives  $350  salary 
in  1717 69 


Revenues  of  St.  Anne's 69 

Rector  preaches  outside  of  St. 

Anne's 69 

Rector  All  Saints  being  dead.  6^ 

Rector  of  St.  Anne's. 75 

Retribution  had  come 75 

Rector,  report  of,  St.  Anne's.  77 
Report  ol  rc;ctor  of,  St. Anne's  77 
Re  "tor  of  King  "William  school  IB 
Rector,  Governors,  &c.,  of  K. 

\i's.  S3hjOl 79 

Register  of  K.  W's.  sehool  to 

r;ive  notice  79 

Records  of  K.  Vv^'s.  school  lost  80 

Kecord-s  burning  of  the 83 

Eelic  of  Maryland  history 95 

Residence,  Loasa  for  Governor  98 
r.esiae;::-e,  fu::d  foi" Governors  93 

R3cor:Is,  L-gislnlive 98 

Ileadi.i^  tie  Libia 101 

Eeb  liion 101 

Ilejolci:ig  over  Loaisburg. . .  .103 

P.eward  of  £50  offered 112 

Il/oels  im  )Orted  a..d  sold 112 

IwevaolU,  I'Ir.  ./m.,  drowued.112 

Ee'jels  f  Ox-  sale 126 

Eecx-ds  of  tlie  clnb 131, 132 

Eevc-ren;I,  a,  ^7ilippad 137 

Esv!.:i.:;3  ol  tne  proprietary. .  .143 

Eepcal  of  ►  tamp  a.-L 151 

Rejjiji^j  0 .  er  rji  »3al  of  Stamp 

act 151 

Recjni.a3-.datIon  of  Congress.155 

Return  of  Gov.  Eden 157 

Re'^els,  sliip  bad  ol 157 

Resolutions  about  Lioston 165 

Eejolntlons   of   Md.    a2:ainst 

Iligllsh  o^ipression 169 

Eecpeet  of  iier.-onal  rights. ...170 
Eepro^^entation  of  lilng.officers' 

cases 189 

Reply  of  \7ashi  j:i;t  )n  to  An  nap  i  93 
Esplyof  Annap.toGen.  Greenel95 
Eepliescf  La  Fayette.. ..196,  197 
Eesiguatijn  by  \\  ushin^-ton  of 

military  commission 300 

Reply  of  Wash,  to  council  of 

State 203 

Reply  of  W'ashing.  to  Annap  1.03 
Reply  of  Statj  to  Washingtou304 
ROjriiilry    of   Alumni    of   St. 

John's 313 

Reception  of  Washington. . .  .231 
Eeid,  James 239 


INDEX 


383 


Kea,  John 3>9 

Eepublican,  Maryland,... 2^3,  334 
Eepublicau's    and    Gazette's 

quarrel ...233 

Kegulars  from  Fort  Severn.. ..243 

Eeform  Electors 244 

Kepresentation,  Lasis  of 245 

EeioriQ  ol  Maryl  iiid 243 

Reed,  Capt.  James ;;54 

Repository,  Lejl.  &  Lit"y ':5$ 

Resolutions  o[  colored  peo;Dle.C63 
Resolutions  onXaral  Acadeai."G4 
Read,  Cominoclore  Geo.  C....235 

Report  of  tlie  riot 271 

Retrospect  of  t^vo  centuries... 274 

Remuaut  of  treason 298 

Revell,  James 801,  332,  2:1 

Redemptorist  Order 304 

Residence  of  Mrs.  A.  Randall.308 

Revell,  Martin 811 

Representatives  in  botliar]iii3s314 

Regan.  John  C 313 

Report  on  IJt.  John's  College. 318 

Revell.  Slate's  Attorney 318 

Rehn,  Louis  H 320 

Revenues  of  Annapolis 330 

Record,  Tiie 335 

Review    of  labor  of   wriling 

History 3:6 

Returns,  election,  judges  of. ..333 

Rescue  Hose  Co 15 

Real  est:ite,  taxes  on 840 

Re,'^ulation  of  s.ile  of  liquors. 339 
Richard  lienuett's  pii^.ntatlon.  18 

Ridgely,  Henry 19,  97 

Rid^ely,  Col.  Henry 19 

Ridirely,  Charles.  19,  199, '.  . .,  3i9 

Ridgelys,  Tomb  of 19 

River  of  Severn 30 

Richardson,  Eliz.,  hanged  as 

a  witch 49 

Rights  oC  Lower  House  insists  51 
Ridge,  the  capital,  removed  to  56 
Ridge,  capital  removed  from,.  56 
Richest  part  of  the  province.  62 

Ridgelv,  Mrs.  Richard 64 

Ridout,  John 71,  74,  308 

Ridgely,  Mr.  David.. bO,  148,  319 

Richetts,  Thomas , . . . .  85 

Right  to  eiect  cities 92 

Ridgely,  Mr 97 

Richmond,  the  ship 109 

Riders,  bold 133 

Richard  Bnckell  &  Co.,  exhibl39 


Riot  over  stamp  act  in  AnGapl49 
Rioters     pull    Hood's    house 

down 150 

Ringgold,  Thomas 150 

Richardson.  Capt.  Joseph. . .  .151 
Ridgelv,  Richard. ..210,  325,  258, 
3!  9 

Kidgely,  Charl9s,of  Wm 232 

RiJ.gelv,  Henry, of  Annapolis. 233 
Rid-ely,  Absalom... 226,  2,7,  303 

RiJgely,  Major  Chas.  S  234 

niot  in  Annapolis, 333,  238 

Eidout,  S.im'I '235,  308 

Eido-ely,  Charles  S.,  Col 240 

Rldont,  Horatio .226,  '.  54 

llluout,  Ad'.IlGon. 255 

Ili-ige,  poli'doal. . ," 256 

Tliols  and  noise 257 

Lldgely,  E.  D 258 

Riglit  of  soi-Iiers  to  vot.- 258 

Riot,  fears  of 269 

Riot,  Siate's  cannon  used  in. ..271 

Riot,  inveiil'^a.ion  of 273 

Riley,  Elihu^S 273,  334 

Rleliest  man  in  America 1^75 

Eidout,  Dr.  John.. ..397,  803,  304 

Rival  for  Balto 298 

Ridgely 's,   David,  description 

ol  Thi:d  Gov's,  residence. 30^3 
liidout.  Miss  Hester  A.  Chase. 306 

Ridout.  Dr.  Wm.  G 308 

Ridout,  Horace 308 

Ridouts,  tlie 808 

Rig'ut  of  Elective  Franchise.. 310 
Rid.rely.  AbsLiom,  merchant. 319 

Ridgely,  John 319 

Ridgely,  KiehoLs . .  ,319 

Ringe,  stade.it  John  B 331 

Rinehart,  William 334 

Rilev,  Elihn  S. .  Jr 334 

Ridgely,  Absalom,  the,  2nd... 334 

Ridgely,  Wm.  S 334 

Ridge,  Robert 167 

Richards,  Joseph 167 

Ridgelv,  Greenbury  170 

River, '.'est...   170 

Roll-book 18 

Roundheads  to   be    forced  to 

submit 34 

Roundheads 84 

Robinttt,  Allen,  keeper  of  Sev- 
ern Ferry  68 

Rooms  of  the'  State  House  to 
befitted  up 67 


384 


INDEX 


Room  wanted  in  St.  Anne's...  71 
Royal  patronage  of  E.    W's. 

school 77 

Robotham,  Col.  Geo 78 

Royalty  in  bad  odor 80 

Rosey.     Crownp,    ij^'NorClk 

Towns 84 

Robinson,  William ii.') 

Robinson's,  Peter,  school 102 

Romish,  communion,  persons.  103 

Robert,  Mr.  William Ill 

Rogue,  a  remarkable 114 

Ross,  John,  Esq 115,  234 

Rogers,  Esq.,  Wm 115 

Robbery  in  Annapolis 117 

Roberts,  Hugh 126 

Royal  prisoner 154 

Roberts,  Mr.  William  . .  .157, 181 

Row-gallies  or  gondolos 177 

Roxburg,  Major  Alex 188 

Rock  Hall 194,  218 

Roehambeau.  fjount 194 

Roberts,  Rer.  Mr 234 

Ross,  Wm 329,  261 

Rowles,  .Joseph 339 

S 

Sanders,  Mr.  James 63,  64 

Savior,  A 83 

Sale,  rebels  for 126 

Sanitary  measure 175,  179 

Sands,  Lewis 326 

Salmon,  Simpson 239 

Sands,  Joseph. 255 

Sands,  James 373 

Sandford,  .James 301 

Salvation  Army  and  Barracks.  306 
Sale  of  Cadet  vacancy  offered.  318 
Sampson,  Miss 330 

tale  of  liquors  in  Annapctfis . .  339 
amis,  John 167 

Sappiugton,  Mark  Brown 170 

Sands,  Thomas 361 

Sanse,  Peter 261 

Scott,  Mr.  .John 44 

Scott,  Dr.  Upton 71,  253 

Scott,  Upton 75 

.School,  King  Wimam's77,  96, 109 

School  street  a  memento 78 

Schools  in  the  counties 97 

Schools  of  Anne  Arundel 97 

School  House 108 

School,  Kent  county 136 


Ross,  Thomas 334 

Robinson,  Mrs.  M 343 

Rogers,  Com 354 

Robinson,  Rev.  Thos.  drowned373- 

Robinson,  J.  Wesley 50.'> 

.Kal)ir.-:..n.  ?rntthias :'0 

RobS.  j.ieut.  Alljert ">0!> 

Root,  Col.  A.  R 31S 

Route  of  3rd.  settlers 339 

Roads  to  Annapolis 34^ 

Ross,  Nathaniel  167 

Roberts,  Charles 167 

Robinson,  Elijah 170, 1r76 

Ruthers,  Samuel 19^ 

Runaway  servants  to  be  retur  39 
Rules  and  orders  in  Annapolis  63 

Rumney  and  Jjong Ill,  157 

Russell,  Wm.  H.,  in  Annap...399 

Russell,  Josiali 305 

Russian  .'^ailor  killed 313 

Ruark,  Oliver  M.,  schooner.  .330 
Rumors  of  Balitmore's  patent 
to  be  taken  from  him ....  2$ 
House 81 


.Scottish  patriots 126 

Scoevola 185 

.Scenes  at  Annapolis 187 

Schoff,  Dr.  John  David 220 

Schwrar,  George 355 

Schwrar,  I' 359 

Scott,  Lieut.  Gen 28.5 

Schaaf,  Arthur 307 

Schwrar,  P.  S 315 

Scenes  in  Court  House  of  An.. 318 

Scharf,  Col.  Thos.  J 324 

Severn 17,  34,  145,  153,  183- 

Settlement  of  Annapolis 17 

Severn  River.. ..18,  HI,  114,  115, 

318. 

Settlement  of  South  River 19 

Settlers  at  Pro\idenc6i.tranquil- 

ized 23 

Sectaries  and  Schismatics 34 

Severn^  Battle  of 33 

Servants  gallery  in  St.  Anne's  75 
Second  State  House,  form  of..  80 

Severn,  entrance  to  the 81 

Seymour,  Gov.  John 81,  93 

Seymour,  Gov 83 

Seymour,  John,  Royal  Gov. ...  85- 


INDEX. 


385 


Seymour,    Gov.    John,    gives 

charter  to  Annapolis 85 

Several  persons  of  qualitie  in 
Anne    Arundel     offer    to 

erect  public  buildings 57 

Severn  Ferry  instituted 63 

Sermons    of    Rev.    Peregrine 

Coney  69 

Severn,  head  of 71 

Second  State  House  in  Annap.  80 
Second  message  of  Puritans  to 

Gov.  Stone 33 

Sentry  of  St.  Mary's  fires  sig- 
nal   36 

Senecas 54 

Several  murders  committed  ...  54 

Seymour,  John,  Esq 87,  91 

Severn,  North  side  of 96 

Second  Newspaper  in  Md 98 

Sentence  to  cut  off  man's  handl03 

Seat  of  Government 108 

Senhouse,  John 112 

Servants  ill-treated 112 

Senhouse,  Hannah,  blamed. ...112 

Sedgley,  Capt 116 

Servant,  bravery  of 117 

Servant  of  Richard  Mackubinl20 

Sexton,  the,  Sol.  Mogg 135 

Servants 126 

Secret  chambers 128 

Servants'  quarters 129 

Servant,  duties  of 131 

Session,  club  in 132 

Secretary,  speech  of  Tuesday    , 

club 134 

Sentenced  so  have  ear  cut  of. .  137 

Seminary  at  Annapolis 153 

Severn,  the  schooner 158 

Selby,  John  S.,  merchant 158 

Severe's  blacksmith  shop 158 

Senate  Chamber,  portrait  in...  162 
Second  bunrt  offering  to  liberty  174 

Senator 185 

Sentry 185 

Seat  of  Government  settled... 200 
Settlement    t)f  claims    of    St. 

John's 213 

Seizure  of  St.  John's 214 

Sellman's,    Capt.,  troop. 240,  243 

Senate 244.  245 

Sellman,  John  S. . .  .245,  248,  249 
Sexton's  character 351 

35 


Severn  River  bridge 257 

Severn  Guard 282 

Separate  sovereignity  for  Md .  282 
Seabrook,  W.  L.  W.284,  297,  399 
Seward,  Wm.  H.,  letter  of,  to 

Gov.  Hicks 289 

Seventh  Regt.  from  NewYork296 
Secession  feeling  strong  in  A.. 297 

Secession  Youths 297 

Sellman,  Richard 300 

Severn  River  Perry 300 

"Secesh  Democracy"'  berated. 300 
Second  Gubernatorial  Mansion303 
Second  Methodist  Church . . .  304 

Settlers  reach  Md 330 

Settlement  of  Md   330 

Settlers  and  the  Indians 331 

Session  of  Corporation 335 

Seleven,  Brite 167 

Selby,  Joseph 167 

Severe,  Vachel 261 

Sherley,  Gov.  of  Boston....,  ...100 

Ship,  Winchelsea,  armed 114 

Shrewdness  of  the  Natives.  . .  144 
Ship  Tavern,  in  South  east  st.118 

Shipwright  Street 157 

Shipyards,    race  courses,  and 

Indians 157 

Ship  load  of  rebels 157 

Shipyard,  First 157 

Ship  building  declined 158 

Sharpe,  Horatio,  Gov.,  arrivesl59 
Sharpe,  Gov.,  expostulates...  .164 

Ship  Totness 174 

Shaff ,  Arthur 226 

Shaw,  John 228 

Shaff,  John  T 226 

Shaw,  James 255 

Shipley,  Wm.  A 357 

Shaw,  Geo 258 

Shurman,  William 372 

Shephard,  Basil 361,  .304 

Shaffer,  Detective 318 

Shakespeare  Water  cure 330 

Short  Line  Railroad 330 

Shoem,  Maccubbin  N. ..  -...167 
Should    know    he    was    Gov. 

again 32 

Ship   Mary  and  Francis 45 

Ship  required  to  unload  at  ports  53 

Shipyards  to  be  reserved 63 

Sharpe,  Gov. 71,  73,  150,  151,  160 


386 


INDEX 


Shallup,  Evans  Jones' 82 

Sheritf  of  Anne  Arundel.  ..84,  89 

Shumer,  Mr 84 

Sheriff  for  Annapolis 89 

Sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  co., 
entitled  to  jurisdiction  in 

Annapolis 94 

Shipping  of  Annapolis 95 

Snip  with  slaves 95 

Sharp  messages  between   Gov. 

and  Legislature 100 

Ship  William  and  Anne 103 

Ship  captured 104 

Ship  ransomed 103 

Ship,  the  Richmond 109 

Site  of  St.  Auiie's  selected  by 

Gov.  Nicholson 69 

Sinking  fund  71 

Site  of  King  William's  school  78 
Situation  of  Court   House. ...  81 

Simpson,  William 82,  83 

Simpson,    Cooper,     Williams, 
Peacocke,  and   Key  ton....  83 

Site  for  Market  House 98 

Sign,  Tavern 129 

Sitting  of  the  Assembly 143 

Site  of  Theatre 147 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  house  of  157 

Situation  of  State  House 162 

Simpson,  Thomas 229 

Simmons,  Joseph 250 

Sick  prisoners  arrive  at  Annap302 

Simpsau.  Jonathan 168 

Sibell.   Henry 168 

Sketch  of  William  Pinkney..276 
Sketch  of  Reverdy  Johnson.. 276 
Sketch  of  John  D.  Goodman. 277 
Sketch  of  Stewart  Holland..  .277 
Sketch  of  Chas.  Wilson  Peale.278 
Sketch  of  Jas.  B.  Lockwood.  .278 

Sketch  of  Daniel  Dulany 278 

Skiugle,  Samuel 167 

Slaves  gallery  in  St.  Anne's. .   75 

Slaves,  ship  with 95 

Slaves,  catching 103 

Sloop  Molly,  captured 1 1 1 

Slade,   Capt. 158 

Slanders  against  Mr.  Green.  .225 
Slaves  captured  by  a    picket 

guj-,rd 298 

Slieer.  Andrew 304,  201 

Slemaker's,  Mr.  Jno.,  houses. 313 
Smith,  Rev.  Wm. 209 


Smith,  Jonu. .  .    "17 

Smith,  Capt  .   John   31 

Smith,  Mr.  Richard 41 

Smith,  Robt 78 

Smith.  Thomas 78 

Smithers,  house  of . 82 

Small   boat  well  armed 83 

Smithers.    Christopher 87 

Smith,  Wm.,  carpenter 95 

Smitl',  Edward 97 

Small-pox  in  Annapolis.. 119,  313 
Small-pox  ravages  Indians. .  .143 

Small  wood.  Col.    Wm 182 

Smallwood,  Major  Gen 188 

Small  wood,    Gen 201,  206 

Smith,  Rev.  Doctor  W 209 

Smook,  Lieut 254 

Smith,  John,  Jr 262 

Smith.  Wm.  T  269,270 

Smith,  Col.  13th  N.  Y 297 

Smith,  M.  M 305 

Smith's  house,  Auuf^  Lucy. .  .308 
Smith,  John,  husband   of   A. 

L.Smith 308 

Smith,  Mrs.  Lieut.  J.  T 320 

Smith,  Capt. 327 

Smith,  Archibald 168 

Snowden,  Richard 95 

Snowden,  Capt -82 

Society  of  Cincinnatti 196 

South  River,    19,  70,  82,  84,  95, 
115,  209,  219 

Sons  of  Thunder 32 

Sop  for  Governor's  vanity 60 

Sot -weed  factor  91 

South  River,  storm  toward. .  .103 

Social  pleasures  lOy 

South  River  Club 110,  131 

Society  Colonial,  ranks  of.... 126 
Southern  provinces,  not  puri- 
tanical   142 

Sons  of  Liberty 151 

Soldier   deserts 157 

Soaper,  James  P 256 

Soldiers,  right  of,  to  vote 258' 

South  River,  patrol   on 281 

South  Carolina 283 

Soldiers  vote  in  Annapolis. . .  •  310 

Soldiers,  negro 313 

Soldiers  of  A.  meet  in  conflict. 314 

Soldiers,  fraternization  of 3 15 

Society,  A.  A.  Co.  Historical. 320 
Spa  Creek 19,  a5 


INDEX. 


387 


Space  on  water  side  for  ware- 
house in  A 65 

Speculation  as  to  origin  of  St. 

Anne's    68 

Spry.  John 84 

Spaniard ,  on  left 1 02 

Sprigg.Col.  Edward,  speaker.  104 
Spinkfe,  Daniel,  executed. . .  .118 
Speech  of  Sec.  of  Tuesday  Clubl.34 

Spencer 147 

Sprigg.  Riohar  1 209 

Spriggs.  Saul -39 

Sparks.  Dr.  Edward 259 

Spencer,  Col     282 

Speech  of  Gov.  Hicks 98:^ 

Spirit  of  impro^-ement  in  An. .315 

Spa  Bridge 316 

%a.  Bridge  over  the 318,  324 

Spaulding,   G.    W.,  baggage- 
master ..'...320 

Spirit  of  Improvement 323 

Sparrow.  Thos 167 

Sprigg,  Benjamin  168 

Sprigg,  Thomas 170 

Stone,  Captain. 19 

Stone.  Gov.,  proclaims  Prince 

of  Wales 24 

Stone  made  Gov.  by  com 'r 25 

Stone  removed  imder  misun- 
derstanding    25 

Stone's  men  execrate  the  Puri- 
tans    35 

Stone  proclaims   the  Piiritans 

rebels  27 

Strong,  Leonard.  Mr -. 28 

Strong.  Leonard. .  .29,  30,  31,  82 

Stringent  Laws 3i 

Stone,  Gov 32 

St.  Mary's  men    declare  they 
will  have  the  government  32 

Stone,  Capt.  William 33 

Stone's  men  plunder  a  house. .  34 
Stone.  Gov.,  in    ignorance    of 

intentions  of  Puritans  .  .   34 
Stone,    Gov.,  arrives    at    the 

Severn 34 

St.  Mary's  men  defy  Puritans.  35 

St.  Mary's  men  kill  a  man 36 

St.  Mary's  men  routed 36 

Stone,  Gov.,  yields  on  quarter 

given 36 

Stone.  Gov. ,  eondemed  to  death  36 
Stone,  Gov.,  wounded 36 


St.  Mary's  county  39 

St.  Mary's 39,  40 

State's  Records,  loss  of 40 

State  House  destroyed  by  fire.  40 
St.  Mary's,  removal  of  capital 

from 55 

St.  Mary's,  the  venerated  capi- 
tal    .16 

St.  Mary's   undisturbed   until 

1683 56 

St.  Mary's,  capital,  once  mort 

settled 50 

St.   Mary's  has  a  life  tenure 

in  the  capital 56 

Struggle,  a  brief 57 

St.  Mary's,  hope  of 58 

St.  Mary's  immolated .58 

St.    Mary's,  a    mere    landing 

place 58 

St.  Mary's  has  several  disad- 
vantages    58 

St.   Mary's  Catholic,  Legisla- 
ture Protestant 57 

State  House  at  St.  Mary's 57 

State  House  in  Annapolis 57 

St.  Mary's  petition  Gov.  Xich- 

olson   57 

St.    Mary's  rejoices    at    Gov. 

Nicholson  elevation 58 

St.  Mary's  prays  for  the  quiet 

of  Gov.  Nicholson 58 

St.  Mary's  asks  to  claim  an- 
cient franchises 58 

St.  Mary's  people  Catholics...   58 

State  House  at  St.  Mary's 58 

St.  Mary's,  State  Plouse.  at...  58 

State  House  at  Annapolis 58 

St.  Mary's  tries  to  keep  capital  58 
St.  Mary's  capital  for  60  years  59 

St.  Mary's,  spring,  at 59 

St.  Mary's,  advantages  of . . . .  60 
St.  Mary's,  accessibleness  of...  60 
St.  Mary's  uncentral  position 

for  capital 60 

St.  Mary's  solicitous  for  reputa- 
tion of. 61 

St.  Mary's,  reply  of  Legis.  to.  61 
St.  Mary's  compared  to  Pha- 

roah's  Kine 61 

St.  jMary's  unequally  ranks....  62 
St.  Mary 's  called  ill-improvers  62 
Stir  of  a  new  vitality  in  Annap  63 
State  House,  first  in  Annap....   66 


INDEX. 


State  House  has  a  tragic  history  67 
St.  Anne's  Parish  estab.  1692.  68 
St.  Anne's  once  Middle  Neck 

Parish 68 

St.  Anne's ^^ 

St.  Anne's,  selection  of  its  site  69 

St.  Anne's  finished 69 

St.  Anne's  built  in  shape  of  T.  69 

St.  Anne's  faces  east 69 

St.  Anne's,  General  Assembly 

heedful  of 60 

St.  Anne's  three  lots 69 

St.    Anne's    inconvenient    to 

parishioners 69 

St.  Anne's  too  little  ....   70 

St.  Anne's,  room  wanted  in...  71 

St.  Anne's  enlarged,  1740 71 

Stuart,  William.. ^._^ 71 

Stamp  officer,  in  1765 71 

Strain,  Robert "71 

St.  Anne's,  wardens  of.  threate  71 

St.  .Tames,  curate  of  7p 

St.  Anne's,  protege  of  State, .  73 
St.  Anne's  falls  into  ruin  ...  73 
5Jt.  Anne's  poem  on,  in  Gazette  73 
St.  Anne's,  Assembly  asked  to  74 
St.  Anne's,  trustees  of,  1774.  75 
State  gives  £1500  to  St.  Anne's  75 
St.Anne's.State  gives  £1500  to  75 

St.  Anne's  with  steeple  75 

State   pew  in  St.   Anne's 75 

St.  Anne's,  State  pews  in 75 

St.     Anne's     subscribers     to 

choose  pews  in 75 

St.  Anne's,  Gallery's  for  pa- 
rishioners, slaves,  and  ser- 
vants   75 

St.  Anne's,  organist  of 75 

St.  Anne's,  dark  day  for.  . . .  75 
St.  Anne's,  the  Point  Look  Out  75 
St.  Anne's,  rector  of,  ^lalcolm, 

Keene 75 

St.  Anne's,  cost  of.  in  1792  ...  75 

St.  Anne's  burned 75 

St.  Anne's  bell  tolls  its  requiem  75 

St.  Anne's  rebuilt 76 

St.  Anne's,  change  of  spirit. .   77 

St.  Anne's  in  front  ranks 77 

St.  Anne's,  report  of  rector...  77 

St.  Anne's  Chapel 77 

St.  Philip's  Chapel 77 

St.  Anne's  ancient  communion 
vessels 77 


St.  John's,  Library  of 79 

State  House,  second  in  Annap  80 
State  House,  emblem  of  pov- 
erty   81 

St.  Michaels,  feast  day  of 88 

St.  Philip's  day 90 

St.  Jacob's  day. 90 

St.  Michael,  the  Arch  angel...  90 
Stc'te  House,  very  beautiful...  91 
Stoddard's,  James,  survey  of  A  97 
State  House  destroyed  by  fire.  97 

State  House  Circle. 97 

State  Library 98 

Stewart,  Dr.'  Chas 102 

Storm  towards  vSouth  River...  103 

St.  Anne's  Parish 108 

State  House 108 

Stewart,  ^[r.  Vincent,  killed. ..115 
Steadman.  Mary,  murdered. .  .116 
St.  Anne's,  Gov.  Ogle  interredll7 
Stewart,  Geo.,  election  of,  set 

aside 120 

Stewart,  Wm 120 

Stocking  manufactory 120 

State  House,  bills  of  credit  forl20 

Styles  of  the  time 128 

Streets  with  no  pavements 129 

St.  George's  festival 136 

Stage  in  Annapolis   140 

St.  Tamina 148 

Stamp  act  in  Annapolis 149 

Stamped  paper  returned   151 

Stage  patronized  by  Gov.  EdenloB 

St.  Anne's  bell....." 158 

St.  Tamina  society 159 

Stewart,  George   159 

State  House,  the  third  in  An.  161 
State  House,  dimensions  of . .  .162 

State  Convention 169 

Stewart.  Mr.  Anthony.  .171,  172, 

173 
Steuben,  Major-Gen.   Baron..  185 

Stratagem  of  Lafaye*:te 187 

State,  address  of,  to  Washing. 203 

State,  reply  of   Wash,  to 204 

Steuben,  Baron,  Washington's 

letter  to 305 

St.  John's  College 208 

Steret,   John , .  .209 

St.  John's  injured  by  a  politi- 
cal fued 313 

St.  John's,  Lottery  for 213 

St.  John's  claim,  settlement  of214 


INDEX. 


389 


St.  Johu's,  appropriation  to... 3 14 

St.  John'.s  seized 214 

St.  John's,  Wash,  visit  to. . .  .218 
St.  .John's  College  and  Wash. 219 

Steven,  Vachel  223 

Stone,  John  Hoskins 326 

Sterrett,  Sam'l.  Capt 237 

Sterrett,  John 227 

St.  Anne's  Church  stoned 235 

Stuart,  Major  Alex 235 

State  public  meeting 249 

Steamer  Surprise 254 

Stiles,  Geo.  &  Son 254 

Stephen,  John 255 

State  and  U.  S..  conflict  bet.. 255 
Star  Chamber  of  Annapolis... 226 
State  Managers,  unnamed  . .  -256 

StrawVjerry  Hill  farm 256 

State  Library 359 

Stewart,  Peggy 266 

States'  cannon  used  in  riot.  •  -371 

State  House,  fire  in 273 

Steele,  James  B 273 

Star,  the  Democratic 273 

St.  John's  College  cadets 282 

Stewart,  Capt 282 

Stalker,  Jno.  E 284 

Stockett,  Frank  H 297 

Steam  Ferry  Boat  "Ready'".  .300 

Stewart,  Dr.  Geo.  H   303 

St.  Mary's  Catholic  Church.  .304 

St.  Martin's  Church 305 

Steip,  John 305 

Stewart,  Anthony,  house  of.  .308 
Stewart,  brig  Peggy,  bowl  from309 
Steam  fire  engine  in  Annap....311 
St.  Anne's  Mission   Chapel,  a 

memorial 312 

St.  John's  College 312 

State  receives  from  A.&E.R.R313 
Stockett,  Frank  H.,stafEofficer8l3 

Steam  Ferry  boat 31-^ 

St.  John's  College,  report  on.. 317 
St.  John's  College,  property  of317 

Stockett,  J.  Schaaf  ". . . 330 

Stanley,  William,  killed 320 

Statue  of  Taney 324 

Statue  of  De  Kalb 324 

State  Museum 324 

Storm  overtakes  settlers 328 

State  subscription  approved...  3 
SypoUs,  Henry 229 


State    subscription,   members 
who 7 

Streets,  powers  over 338 

Stewart,  Chas  167 

Steuart,  David 16? 

Steele,  John 167 

Stiff.    Wm 167 

Stiff,  Thomas 167 

Steiger,  Jordan 167 

Stewart,  Anthony   167 

Stringer.  Richard 170,  176 

Steward,  Stephen 170,  176 

Susquehannock  Indians   23 

Susquehanna  Indians 28 

Susquehannas  desire  peace....  28 
Susquehannock  eml)assadors. .   55 

Submitted  to  the  King 57 

Sudden  removal  of  capital ...  60 
Sugar  Plum  of  all  the  Mayors 

coaches 62 

SuV)scribers  to  choose  pews  in 

St.  Anne's 75 

Subscription  to  free  schools....  78 
Supscription  to  the  Gazette.  . .  .99 
Support   of   garrison  at   Cape 

Breton   105 

Sullivan,  Daniel.  gibbetted....ll6 
Sufferers,  collection  for  Bostonl20 

Sun  of  England 129 

Susquehanna.... 161 

wSuggestiou  of  Gen.  Wash 163 

Suspension  of  St.  John's  ap- 
propriation   210 

Sullivan.  .John 222 

Somerville,  Wm 326 

Sutton,  Sam'l 248 

Sunday  Schools 255 

Sutton,  Capt..  decided  to  put 

into  A 268 

Sunday  work  and  barbers 314 

Sullivan.  C.  A 316 

Suicide  of  Lt.  Danenhower. .  .321 

Susquehannahs 332 

Swithson,  Thos.,  donates  to  K. 

W's.  school 79 

Swann.  Richard 263,  273 

Swann,  Thomas 303 

Swope,  J.  H 305 

Swann,  3Irs.  Richard 307 

Swann,  R 316 

Sympathy  for  Boston 168 


INDEX. 


Tax  to  build  church  in  Annap.  65 
Taxable  persons  in  St.  Anne's  68 

Taylard.  Mr.  William 69 

Tax  bill  to  raise  sinking  fund.  71 
Tasker,  Col.  Ben.  71.  96,  07,  146 

Tasker  Thomas 78 

Taylor.  Edward 8 


Thorton,  William 7i 

Theatre  had  been  introduced..  75 
Thomas,  archbishop  of  Cantr'y^77 

Thompson,  John 73 

Thompson.  Richard 86 

The  first  newspaper  in  Md 94 

The  Maryhxnd' Gazette 94 


TaVlard.Mr.Clarke,mistrusted  85    Thomas,  Robert .  97 


Tax  on  tobacco IO1 

Tax  imposed  without  authorityl 05 
Tasker,  Esq.,  Ben.  actsasGov.117 

Tasker.  Benj..  :v 118.  159 

Tannery  set  up  "'y  Thos.  HydellO 

Tavern!  Signs...." 129 

Tamina,  vSt 142 

Tatswell.  John 
Tar  and  feather 

Talbot  Court  II  use 220 

Tate.  Robt.  W B11 

Tate.  James  E 311 

Taylor.  Geo.  M 31  > 

Taney  statue. 324 

Taxes  on  real  estate 340 


The  second  newspaper  in  Md..  98 

The  Pretender 101 

The  Freemen  of  iNfaryland 106 

Three  Governor's  messages  in 

one  day 107 

Tlie  Indians 108 

The  Puritans 108 

155    The  Gazette  109 

173    Three  companies  go  to  CanadallQ 

Thornton.  William,  sheriff lit 

The  legislature  prorogued II3 

Thames.  Frigate 116 

Theatre  on  West  street 121 

The  First  Citizen,  letters  of...  121 

The  sexton.  Sol.  Mogg 12.5 

The  :\Iaryland  Gazette 125 


Terms  of  purchase  of  lots ■'SB  ^      _       „ 

Temporary  remo-als  of  capital  56  Thornton,  Wm . ,  Esq . ,  to  frame 

Tenure  vain,  for  St.  Mary's. .  .56  discourse 133 

Tench.  Hon.  Thomas 64  Theatre  m  Annapolis 139 


Tench.  Esq  ,  Thomas 84 

Ten   persons    to    be  common 

couneilmen 88 

Temple  street 97 

Ten  persons   struck  by  light- 
ning   110 

Tea  burnt  at  Annapolis 171 

Temperance  in  politics 261 

Testimony  of  Dan.  T._  Hyde. 269 

Telegraph  to  Annapolis 281 

Telephone    and   telegraph   in 

Annapolis 324 

Threatening  speeches 32 

The  Battle  of  the  Severn 33 

Thurston,   Thos.,   before    the 

Governor 38 

Thurston,    Thos.,    desires  to 

leave  ProA-iuce  38 

Thomas    Trueman,    impeach- 
ment of 54 

Three   clergymen   from  Anne 

Arundel 66 

Three  lots  for  St.  Anne's 69 


The  first  American  theatre 146 

Theatre,  the  first  American....! 46 

Theatre  opened 147 

Theatre,  site  of 147 

Theatre  on  Gloucester  St.    .  •  148 
The  stamp  act  in  Annapolis...  149 

The  King's  passengers 1.57 

Thornton,  Mrs.  Commodore  ..323 

Thomas,  John 315,  316,  323 

The  St.  Tamina  Society 159 

Third  State  House  in  Annap. .  161 

The  third  State  House 161 

Three  islands,    mouth    West 

River  174 

Thousands  of  French  auxillia- 

ries 187 

Thomas,  Nicholas 220 

Thompson,  Alex 222.  229 

Theatre.  Annap.22«,  140, 141,  148 
The    Ancient   Regime    disap- 
pears  228 

Thompson,  Richard,  Jr 229 

Thompson,    Jane 229 


INDEX. 


391 


Thomas'  Point, British  sloop  ori234 

'  'The  G-lorioas  Nineteen, " 244 

Thomas,  Geo.  A ..245,248 

Thomas,  Jno.  B 248,  250 

Thompson,  W.  R 259 

Three  rifles  leveled  on  Judge 

Brewer 271 

The  Democratic  Star 273 

The  First  Citizen 275 

Thanksgiving, proclamation  of 281 

Thompson,    Wm.  H 282 

The  College  Green. 302 

The  Governor's  Polly 302 

The  third  Gubernatorial  Man- 
sion  302 

Third  Gubernatorial  Mansion. 302 

"The  Old  Blue  Church," 303 

The  Ball  Boom 305 

The  Old  City  Hall 305 

The  City  Hotel 305 

The  Gazette  and  State  Printing3l2 

Thompson,  Prof.  Wm.  H 312 

The  Gazette  explains  defeat.. 31<j 
The  Court  House  of  Annapolis  318 

The  Chase  Mansion 30'J 

The  llarwood  Residence 30G 

The  Ogle  House 307 

The  Paca  dwelling 307 

The  Iglehart  House 307 

The  Pinkuey  House 308 

The  Liberty  Tree 308 

The  Dove,  (Note) 328 

The  Ark,  (Note) 328 

The  Charter  of  Annapolis 334 

Thompson.  Richard 167 

Thimuis,  John 168 

Thomas,  John 176 

Timid  deputies  lose  the  gov- 
ernment   57 

Tilghman,  Maj.,  Wm.,  clerk..  104 
Times,  customs  of  the,  1765...  124 
Times,  'dress  of  the  time  1765.124 

Times  are  dreadful,  &c 151 

Tilghman,  Mathew.169,  i74,  175 

Tilghman,  Lusby 2.^6 

Tilghman,  James.. 166 

Tillard,  Thomas .176 

Took  possession  of  unoccupied 

lands l8 

Town  originally  intended 18 

Town  laid  at  Greensbury's....   18 

Toeld,  Thomas 18 

Tomb  of  the  Ridgleys 18 


Todd,  tomb  of 19 

Token  to  be  brought   by  In- 
dians   30 

Town  at  Proctors,  tnadeaport  52 
To  draw  up  a  bill  o I' attainder.  55 

Town  at  Proctors 57,  58 

Town  Land  at  Pro  'tors.... 62,  146 
Town  at  port  of  Atme  Arundel  62 
Town  and  port  at  Severn.  ...  63 
Topp,  Edwd.,  at  Annapolis...  66 

Town  clerk  of  Anaapolis 66 

To    treat    with    workmen    to 

build 69 

Topp,  Rev.  Mr 69 

Tootell,  Richard 71,  170 

Tombstone  of  Evati  Jones 76 

Tombstone  of  Amo5  Garrett...  76 
Town  of  Annapolis,   attempt 

upon 83 

Town  and  port  of  Annapolis. .  87 

Town-common 94 

Torres,  Francis,  advertisement  1 00 

Tobacco,  tax  on 100 

Tootell,  Mr 103 

Tobacco,  taxed  without  law. ...105 

Tolley's  Point 109 

Tom,  a  negro,  executed Hi 

Tobacco  from  America 127 

Totaess,  ship,  burned 174 

Toasts  at  inauguration  of  Govl83 

Toasts  on  treaty  of  peace 194 

Toasts  at  dinner  to  Wash205,;2l8 
Toasts  at  dinner  to  Wash. . .  .318 
Toasts  at  Masonic  celebration  22S 

Tootell,  John 329 

Toasts  at  banquet  to  William 

Pinkuey 238 

Toasts  at  banquet  on  downfall 

of  Napoleon 23G 

Topper,  Samuel,  arrested 300 

Tongue,  Beujamin 301 

Townley,  B^raucis 307 

Town  clock  in  Annapolis 315 

Town  not  dead. 325 

Toury,  William  167 

Towsou,  Thomas 167 

Tract  of  250  acres  surveyed....  18 
Trade  committee   decides   for 

Lord  Baltimore 36 

Treaty  of  peace   with  Indians 

ui  1666 40 

Trade  to  be  done  at  ports 55 

Troops  invest  a  fort 54 


892 


INDEX. 


Trueman,   Thomas,  impeach- 
ment of 54 

Trueman,  Major,  found 55 

Trueman  escapes  punishment.  55 
Tradesmen  given  land  in  An- 
napolis  ...  63 

Tradesmen    put  outside    city 

limits 64 

Tradesmen  not  to  annoy   one 

another 64 

Trustees  of  St.  Anne's,  1774..  75 
Trustees  of    King  William's 

school 78 

Treasurer's  Building 81 

Trespass  and  ejectment 91 

Trade  act  to  advance. 96 

Tradesmen,  encouragement  of  96 

Transiiioii  material 108 

Trying  period  for  Gov.  Eden.. 153 

Trade  at  Annapolis 109 

Troops,  Maryland 182 

Trenton  and  Princeton 139 

Treaty  of  peace  celebrated 194 

Trenton  and  Annapolis. 200 

Truine,  Mathew 229 

Tray,  Francis 305 

Treaty  of  peace  under  poplar.. 309 


U 


Union  pole  and  Flag  raising... 299 
Union  Home  Guard  formed... 2 99 
Union  members  of  Gov.  Guards 

secede 299 

Union  Ticket 313 

Unsworth,  John 107 

Unwilling  to  trust  Mr.  Taylard  85 
United  States  and  State  officers255 


Trade  of  Annapolis  declines... 31^ 
Traces  of  trade  in  Annapolis. .320 
Trade  revives  in  Annapolis.  ..320 

Treatment  of  Indians 331 

Tuesday  club 131 

Tuesday  club,  conundrums  of  .135 

Tuition  at  St.  John's 310,  211 

Tumblert,  Geo 229 

Tuck,  Washington  G 255 

Turf,  the,  in  Annapolis 258 

Tuck,  W.  G 259 

Tuck,  W.  G.,Capt 299 

Tuck,  W.  H 316 

Tuck,  Wm 167 

Two   substantial    changes    of 

capital 56 

Two  market  days  in  a  week....  57 
Two  fairs  a  year  in  Annap,  65,  90 

Two  fair  days 94 

Two  hurt  severely 110 

Two  military  companies  at  An- 
napolis  170 

Two  halves  of  a  lemon 270 

Two  centuries,  a  retrospect  of275 

Tyler,  John 226 

Tysalel,  Robt 289 

Tyler,  Arson 305 

Upshur,  Commander 266 

Upper  House  refuses  to  concur  51 
Upper  House  gave  a  sharp  repl  57 
Upper  House  disclaim  any  inte  92 

Upper  Marlboro 147 

Urquhart's,  Mrs.,  Spring. . .  .225 
Utie,  Col.  Nathaniel 37 


Van  Horn,  a  congressman. . .  .227 

Vausant,  Joshua 284 

Vanville  Rangers 282 

Vanguard  of  sick  arrive 298 

Vacancies,  how  filled 335 

Varndel,  John 167 

Vallette,  Eli 167 

Vessels  licensed 177 

Vessels,  arms,  ammunition  tak  36 
Vestrymen  of  St.  Aune'sin.. .  08 
Vestrymen  of  St.  Anne's,  1704  09 
Vestry  of  St.  Anne's  lays  its 
grievances 69 


Vestry  of  St.  Anne's  order  a.,  73 
Verse,  Annapolis  described  on  98 

Verdict  of  Jury 112 

Verling 147 

Very  quiet  Indians 160 

Veazey,  Gov.  Thomas  W 249 

Veazey,  Gov 250 

Virginia 19 

Visitation  of  the  clergy 65 

Villiauous  designs 8t 

Villians  break  into  Council ...  84 

Viun,  Edward,  in  pillory 118 

Violence  of  the  people 156 


INDEX. 


39S 


Virginia  Convention  to  Md...  .155 

View  from  State  House 162 

Vindex 185 

Visitors  and  Govs,  of  St.  Jno's.209 
Visit  of  La  Fayette  to  Annap.239 
Vindication  of  Judge  Brewer. 272 
Views  of   Annap.  Gazette  on 
crises 282,  288 


Visitof  A.  E.  Borie 316 

Volumes,  quaint  and  curious..  79 

Voyage  to  Maryland 91,  327 

Volunteers  against  Indians.  .,119 

Vote  of  Annapolis  in  1860 281 

VoUmer,  Frederick 305 

Voorhees,  Philip  R 308 


W 


Warner,  James 19 

War  could  only  decide  it 32 

Washington,  John 47 

WarfielJ,  Richard 68,  97,  98 

Wardens  of  St.  Anne's  threat- 
en  non-attendents 71 

Walls  of  St.  Anne's  alone  re- 
mained   76 

Walls  of  second  State  House 

good 81 

Waters,  Mr.  John 82 

W.  Bladen,  clerk  of  Council...  87 

Warfield,Mr.  Alex 96 

Water,  men  walking  on 101 

Watson,  William 103 

Warehouse  lost  by  fire 110 

Walker.  Dr.  James 114 

Washington,  Col.  Geo 119 

Wallis,  John,  chimney  sweep. 130 

Wagstaflfe,  Richard...' 180 

Wax  figures  in  i^nnapolis. . .  .139 

Washington,  George 144,  220 

Wall .147 

Walker 147 

Wagon  manf .  of   Hutton  Bros.  147 

Washington,  guest  at 152- 

Water  gives  place  to  land 157 

Water  and  made  land 157 

Washington    resigns  military 

commission 163 

Washington,  suggestion  of....  163 
Wallace,  Mr.  Chas.,  chairmanl75 
Wallace,  Charles..  .101.  170.  176, 
177,  181 

Washington  in  Annapolis 192 

Washington,  Gen 196 

Washington  resigns  his  mili- 
tary com.  at  Annapolis. .  .200 
Washington  arrives  at  Annap. 201 
Washing's,  room  in  City  Hotel201 

Walton.  Col.  John ' 201 

Walton.  Dr.  J.  Randolph. 201,  318 
Washington 201,203 


Washington,  address  to 202 

Washington  reply  to  Council 

of  State 202 

Washington,  address  to  An.  to203 
Washington,   President,   visit 

to  Annapolis 218 

Washington  visit  St.  John's. ..218 
Washington's  reply  to  Annap.203 
Washi  igton  address  of  State  to203 
Washington,  reply  of,  to  State204 
Washington's  letter  to  Baron 

Steuben 205 

Washington  and  his  aids 206 

Walker,  Col.   Benj 206 

Washington's  address 206 

Washington,  Gen.  Mifflin's  ad- 
dress to 207 

Washington  College 208 

Washington,  dinner  to.. 218,  219 

Washington,  journey  of 219 

Washington  and   St.    John's 

College 219 

Washington,  nephews  of 220 

Washington's  reception 221 

Washington,  mourning  for. ...224 

War  of  1812 233 

Watkins,  J.  N.237,  258,  259.  260, 

261,  304 
Watkins  and  Chaudler  fight... 235 

Watson's,  Capt.,   troops 240 

Warfield's.  Capt.,  troops 240 

Watson.  Robert 248 

Warfield,  Lancelot 256 

Waters.  Ramsay 263 

Warrington,  Commodore 266 

Ward,  Prof 266 

Walton,  Col.  John,  testifies.  ..269 
Wallace.  James  L...270.  297,  306 

Walton,  Col.  John 284 

War  excitement  in  Annap. . .  .285 

Watts.  Wm 301 

Waugh.  Dr.  J.    W 301 

Waters,  Thomas  G 304 


394 


INDEX. 


Walton,  Col.,  has  notable  bowl309 
Waite,  Col.  C.  A.,  U.  S.  A.. ..310 
Watklns,  Capt.  Thos.,  Provost 

Marshal 313 

"Waterworks,  Annapolis. . .  ...314 

Watkins,  T.  H.,  wounded. . .  .315 

Wallis,  S.  T..  oration  of 324 

Waterwitch  Hook  and  Ladder 

Co 16 

Wardens  of  the  Port 338 

Water,  Martin 168 

Warren,  John 168 

Watkins,  Thomas 170 

Watkins,  Stephen 170 

Warfleld,  Alex.,  Dr.  Chas. . .  .176 

Waters,  Thomas  G 261 

Warrosquoyacke  county 19 

Wells,  Mr.  Richard 31 

Werard,  Peter 71 

Welsh   epitaph 76 

Wells,    Hon.    Geo.,  presents  a 

bell 76 

Wells,    Hon.  George,  protests 

against  furnace 76 

Wells,  Daniel 82 

Welsh,  Sylvester 83 

Welsh  to  "Wells ; 83 

Wells  to  We' sh 83 

Wells,  Daniel 83 

Welsh,  Capt.,  discharged 83 

Welsh,  John 97 

West,  Jr..  Stepney,  manufac.ill 

W'ealthy  Government 145 

Welch,  Benj.,  will  pay  no  tax. 150 

Weems,  John 168 

Welch,  Chas.  S , 174 

Webster.  Noah,  visits Annap.. 221 

Wells,   Wm 229 

Weems,  Rev.  Mason  L 235 

Welcome  address  to  La  Fayette239 

Welch,  Robt .' 255 

Weems,  Mr.  John  C 259 

Weems,  Capt 250 

Wells,  Geo.  Jr 359,  260,  261 

Wesley  Chapel 305 

Welch's,  Chas.  S..  property... 308 
Wells,   Hon.   Geo.,    President 

A.  &E.  R.  R 313 

Wesley  Chapel  congregation.  .315 

Welling,  James  C 316 

Wells,  Geo 262,  263,  303,  315 

Wells,  Elijah 363 

Western  Hotel  invaded 269 


Wealth  of  oysters 275- 

Wells,  John  H.,  1st  Lieut 280 

West  River 282 

West  River  Guard 282 

Wesley  Chapel 305 

Wells,  Dr.  Geo 316,  321 

Weapons,    not    lawful   to   be 

carried 341 

Weeden.  Oliver 168 

Wtems,  John 170,  176 

Whipped  publicly,  E.  Erberry  41 
Wholesome     springs    at     St. 

Mary's 59 

Workman,  Anthony,  donates.  78 
Whitfield  visits  Annapolis. . .  .110 

Whalen,  Richard 117 

Whipping  of  a  reverend 187 

Whig  Club  of  Baltimore 157 

Whetcroft,  William 177 

Whitting,  condemned 225 

Wheeler,  Bennett 225 

Whetcroft,  Burton 229,  230 

Wharf     at     end     of     Prince 

George's  street 228 

Whetcroft,  Henry 229 

Whigs  were  strongest 244 

Whigs 245,  250 

Why  Senate   rejects  nomina- 
tions  250 

White,  J.  Wesley .304,  316 

Wheeler,  John 305 

Wharton  trial 318 

White's,      Father      Andrew. 

Journal 327 

Wharves  may  be  repaired.  . .  -338 
Witch  hanged  on  shiplioard...   49 

Williamson,  Rev.  Alex 72 

William  in,  of  England 77 

Williams 83 

Wilson,  Major 83 

Williams,  a  conspirator 83 

Wilson,  Josiah 86.  88 

Wilson,  .John 100 

William  and  Anne,  ship 103 

Williamson,  Thos.,  manufact'rlll 
Williams,  Elisha.  drowned... .  112 
Wilson,  Josepn,  conterfeiter..ll6 

Wilson,  Geo 117 

Winchelsea.  ship, armed. .113, 115 

Wild  bear 118 

Windmill  on  Windmill  Point.  120 

Will  of  William  Farris 122 

Wilson,  Capt.  Robert 126 


INDEX. 


395 


69 
70 

71 


Wi'lof  Gen.  Washington 148  Wooten,  Rev.  James 

Wiirnell    Mr  148  Worthington,  Thomas 

Williams,  Thos.  C.  and  Co 171  Wolfstenhone,  D  aniel.. ........ 

Williams  Jas..  167,  172,  173,  Woodcock,  Mr.,  organist  of  ht 

225,226,229  Anne's  

Williams,  Joseph 172,  173  Wootton,  James.. »^ 

wuv,-n«    wniiftm...l67.  177.  181  Woodchuck's  Rest -;..  «•> 

Workman,      Anthony,      abas 


75 


Wilkins,  William...  167,  177, 

Williams,  OttoH 196 

Williams,  Gen 196 

Wilkerson,  William 226 

Williams,  Wm  229 

Wisepam, 


William ^J 

Wood,  Thomas 100 

,,.„  _„„     Worthington,  Mr.  Thomas 10^ 

John'""'    229    Worm  bites  in  Patapsco Ill 


Women,  negro,  executed 116 

Wilmot,  Mr.  Chas.  F "-i^o    Woman  kills  a  man 121 

Williamson,  J 258    Woodcock,  ^/^  t -f  J J,;;^"^ 

Woman     and      The     Lovely 
Nancy   1^° 

Worthington.  B.  T.  B 16» 


Williamson,  James 242 

F 256 

Williamson,  

Wiggins,  Daniel  H 25J 

Windmill  of  D.  H.  Wiggins... 259 

Williams,  Amos  A 262 

Windmill,  a 266 

Wilson,  Thos.  J.,  proposes 
Maryland  to  set  up  sepa- 
rate   sovereignty 282 

Wilson,  Thomas,  elected  re- 
corder  285 


Wolfe,  Gen 253 

Woodford,  Henry • ^^^ 

Workingmen's  meeting  in  An- 
napolis  

Worthington  &  Co 

Woodward,  Regnal  D 


284 
312 
313 


Wilson,  ThosVj":::::::::::::::::::3oo  workingm;n's  b  &  l.  Ass'n.325 

Williams.  Rev.  Robt.  H.  304,  320    Worthmgton,  William ^^' 

Woolford,  John 'A  i"fl 

Worthington,  Brice  T.  B.170, 1  <» 
Wright,  Isaac,   counterfeiter.  116 

Wren,  Sir  Christopher. 1*8 

Wright,  Solomon 220 

Wright,  Robt.,    Gov 2.J6 


Wilson,    Col.    Thos.   J.,    pay- 

Wilson,  W.  ii.  F.,  death  of. ..321 

Williams,  Joseph 167 

Wilkinson, J 16^; 


Willatt,  William 167     "/^fe'';;'  "7^"-'    ^ o;^5 

Wilmot.  Edward. 168    Wright,  .TohnJ,.. 3^^ 


Williams.  Edward 261  Wright,   Charles 

Wiggins.  Daniel  H 261  Wyat,  Mcholas 

Women,  able,  jury  of 44  Wyat    Rev.  Mr        ^-J 

Workmen  to  biuld  St.  Anne's  69  Wyvill.  Marmaduke, 1'^ 


18 
252 


Yarley,  ^Francis 25,  28 

Young,  Mr »4 

Young.  Richaril '•■•;    •  °^ 

Young.  Sam'l 


97 


Young,  Col.  Sam'l -.  •  ••97 

York  hung  for  horse  stealing. lid 


Yorktown. 


.187 


Zielke,  Charles ^05     ZouaveCorps. 


.29» 


ERRATA. 

Page  213,  Sec.  par.,  1st  line,  read  through,  for  though. 

Page  292,  sec.  par.,  15th  line,  read  Constitution,  for  "Constella- 
tion." 

Page  78,  Thomas  Lasker,  should  be  Thomas   Tasker. 

Page  152,  "Robt.  Eden  became  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1760," 
should  be  1769. 

Page  154,  second  paragraph.  3rd  line,  read  excepted,  for  accepted. 

Page  224,  last  paragraph,  1st  line,  read  1800,  for  1880. 

Page  248,  in  date  of  card,  read  1836,  for  1826. 

Page  308,  6th  paragraph,  3rd  line,  read  Thomas  Jennings,  for 
Edmund. 


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